Print ED357110.TIF (171 pages)DOCUMENT RESUME UD 029 182 KIDS COUNT Data Book: State Profiles of...
171
ED 357 110 TITLE INSTITUTION SPONS AGENCY REPORT NO PUB DATE NOTE AVAILABLE FROM PUB TYPE EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS DOCUMENT RESUME UD 029 182 KIDS COUNT Data Book: State Profiles of Child Well-Being. Center for the Study of Social Policy, Washington, DC. Annie E. Casey Foundation, Greenwich, CT. ISSN-1060-9814 93 341p.; For the 1992 report, see ED 346 188. KIDS COUNT, Center for the Study of Social Policy, Suite 503, 1250 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20005 ($12.50). Statistical Data (110) -- Reports - Descriptive (141) MF01/PC14 Plus Postage. Adolescents; Child Health; *Child Welfare; *Demography; Dropout Rate; Educational Trends; Elementary Secondary Education; Graphs; High School Graduates; *National Surveys; *Profiles; Sociocultural Patterns; *Socioeconomic Status; Statistical Data; *Tables (Data); Violence IDENTIFIERS *United States ABSTRACT This publication brings together the best available data to measure the health and the economic, educational, and social well-being of children in the United States. The report focuses on the following 10 indicators of child and adolescent health, education, and socioeconomic status: (1) percentage of low-birth weight babies; (2) infant mortality rate; (3) child death rate; (4) percent graduating from high school; (5) percentage of teens not in school or the work force; (6) juvenile violent crime arrest rate; (7) teen violent death rate; (8) percentage of all births that are to single teens; (9) percentage of children in single-parent families; and (10) percentage of children in poverty. Following a foreword and a section offering an overview and selected findings, the bulk of this document contains tables and figures presenting the data. These are grouped in two sections, the first contains national profiles of various indicators, for the nation as a whole and for minority groups. This section also includes data displayed on national indicator maps. The second and largest section offers the same data on a state-by-state basis alphabetically by state and including data for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Appendixes contain scot._ and national rankings, states in rank order by indicator, and multi-year trend data for indicators. Also includes notes, sources, and a list of KIDS COUNT projects at local locations. (JB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Transcript of Print ED357110.TIF (171 pages)DOCUMENT RESUME UD 029 182 KIDS COUNT Data Book: State Profiles of...
-
ED 357 110
TITLE
INSTITUTION
SPONS AGENCYREPORT NOPUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM
PUB TYPE
EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS
DOCUMENT RESUME
UD 029 182
KIDS COUNT Data Book: State Profiles of ChildWell-Being.
Center for the Study of Social Policy, Washington,DC.
Annie E. Casey Foundation, Greenwich, CT.ISSN-1060-981493341p.; For the 1992 report, see ED 346 188.KIDS COUNT, Center for the Study of Social Policy,Suite 503, 1250 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC20005 ($12.50).Statistical Data (110) -- Reports - Descriptive (141)
MF01/PC14 Plus Postage.Adolescents; Child Health; *Child Welfare;*Demography; Dropout Rate; Educational Trends;Elementary Secondary Education; Graphs; High SchoolGraduates; *National Surveys; *Profiles;Sociocultural Patterns; *Socioeconomic Status;Statistical Data; *Tables (Data); Violence
IDENTIFIERS *United States
ABSTRACTThis publication brings together the best available
data to measure the health and the economic, educational, and socialwell-being of children in the United States. The report focuses onthe following 10 indicators of child and adolescent health,education, and socioeconomic status: (1) percentage of low-birthweight babies; (2) infant mortality rate; (3) child death rate; (4)percent graduating from high school; (5) percentage of teens not inschool or the work force; (6) juvenile violent crime arrest rate; (7)teen violent death rate; (8) percentage of all births that are tosingle teens; (9) percentage of children in single-parent families;and (10) percentage of children in poverty. Following a foreword anda section offering an overview and selected findings, the bulk ofthis document contains tables and figures presenting the data. Theseare grouped in two sections, the first contains national profiles ofvarious indicators, for the nation as a whole and for minoritygroups. This section also includes data displayed on nationalindicator maps. The second and largest section offers the same dataon a state-by-state basis alphabetically by state and including datafor the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Appendixes containscot._ and national rankings, states in rank order by indicator, andmulti-year trend data for indicators. Also includes notes, sources,and a list of KIDS COUNT projects at local locations. (JB)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.
***********************************************************************
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togr
eate
r ha
rdsh
ip a
nd in
ure
cost
ly r
espo
nses
Imm
uniz
atio
n, p
rena
tal c
are,
I le
ad S
tart
, and
fam
ily p
rese
rvat
ion
.111
dem
onst
rate
the
pote
n-
tial g
ain
of r
oirie
ntin
g hu
nian
ser
vice
s to
war
dm
ore
pro:
emit
e an
d .s
trat
egic
ally
pos
ition
edin
terv
entio
ns. I
f is
time
to m
ake
sucl
i a r
eorie
n-
tatio
n a
loca
l, st
ate,
and
nat
iona
l prio
rity.
Reo
rgan
izin
g D
eliv
ery
It ha
s lo
ng b
een
know
n 11
111
the
need
s an
d
prob
lem
s je
opar
dizi
ng v
ulne
rabl
e fa
mili
es a
rcuu
.illy
mul
tiple
, var
ied,
and
cha
ngin
g. Y
et, i
tis
equ
ally
foie
that
mos
t of o
ur s
ervi
ces
are
orga
nize
d na
rrow
ly to
res
pond
to c
ateg
oric
ally
defin
ed p
robl
ems
and
are
isol
ated
from
otli
t.rre
leva
nt n
eeds
or
ckim
ista
nces
. The
all
too
(111
1111
1u II
res
ult i
s M
ai c
hild
ren
:Intl
fam
ilies
«11(
) ne
ed 1
1(.1
1) e
nd u
p go
ing
to m
ultip
le Io
ta
lion,
and
end
iiiin
g du
plic
.uiv
r ii.
sses
smen
ts in
olde
r to
re«
.it e
frgi
nt.n
te(1
and
insu
ffici
ent
assi
stan
ce
A m
ore
effe
ctiv
e an
dsy
stem
of
serv
i( C
s (1
1211
1.11
1LIN
a m
oten
ient
tow
ard
mor
e
colla
bora
tion
and
inte
grat
ion
in th
e m
anag
e-m
ent t
oil (
lelit
-ei)
of th
e ra
nge
of h
elp
Ilia(
man
y ki
ds n
(-(.
-(1
Coo
rdin
ated
pol
icy
mak
ing
that
invo
lves
s(
hook
, soc
ial s
ervi
ces,
pub
lic
heal
th, m
enta
lpa
rclit
s, b
usin
ess,
and
volu
ntar
y or
gani
zatio
ns m
ust c
ease
to b
e th
eoc
casi
onal
exp
t.riii
i(Ilt
and
inst
ead
fieco
nie
the
rout
ine
met
hod
of g
ot (
Tili
ng th
e in
stitu
tions
and
reso
urc
es th
at e
xist
to s
iii)p
ort c
hild
ren
and
fam
ifies
. AI i
he d
eliv
ery
let-
el, h
elp
i'or
fam
-ili
es a
nd k
ids
ough
t to
Inc
mor
e th
orou
ghly
col
-lo
cate
d in
nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds a
nd in
set
tings
that
allm
eas
y ile
(L.s
s; s
impl
ified
inta
ke; a
nd th
epr
ovis
ion
of Il
exil)
le, c
oord
inat
ed, a
nd c
ompr
ere
spon
ses
it) in
terr
elat
ed n
ec.d
s.
It is
Clim
b to
mak
e th
ese
orga
niza
tiona
lam
l del
iver
y fe
atur
es n
ot m
erel
y th
e at
trib
utes
of a
few
out
stan
ding
loca
l pro
gram
s, b
utha
raci
eris
tics
of th
e ta
y w
e pr
ovid
e hu
man
serv
ices
eve
iyw
liere
.
1 r:
-
Eva
luat
ing
Res
ults
ft ha
s be
com
em
. ell
1)11
1 cu
llser
%;it
iiuri
lat
SIIC
('L'S
S in
hum
an s
ere
lees
1,
(111
(11
mea
-
slue
d Ity
per
sons
sol
ed I
ser
ices
pro
( M
ed
and
too
rare
!), h
y re
sults
ach
ieve
d. I
)illic
ult
thou
gh it
may
he,
the
'dor
m r
eciti
mA
l is
clea
r.Ile
Ipin
g ag
enci
es. s
ervi
ce p
ogro
ms.
and
scho
ols
need
Io b
e he
ld g
entr
inel
% o
ccom
it,rh
leto
i pro
grei
s on
spe
c ilk
-. Iw
hlic
lt on
ic (
date
d,an
d ;lc
( tir
atel
y Ir
a( k
ed m
ac o
nto
iols
for
the
hild
ren
;111
(1 fa
mili
es th
e se
rve
Iden
tif in
:,th
e m
ost t
elev
ain
gu.II
S m
id h
uild
inL
thc.
col
or
nlau
nn S
'((
Ills
need
ed Ic
) Ill
s k
them
des
erie
heiii
ine
iefo
rni
ar lo
ss th
e ci
innt
ry.
Ref
orm
ing
Ser
vice
Fin
ance
Clio
nges
in th
e \v
ov h
uman
ices
are
orie
nt-
ed. t
lell%
erel
l. an
d LA
.11(
1.11
(1.1
%\ I
ll ne
ver
hill:
, he
ac(c
uilip
lislu
ed((
urre
spci
ficlif
ig
in 1
11(
%La
Mun
i ecl
As
criti
cs
long
11(I
. Ill
1511
1(1
15 0
l hul
n.cl
t-
seni
cc h
uanL
ing
tend
!!! i
(\%
,t1(1
Mic
ii,!!
.111
!"in
stitt
ition
or 0
111
(lino
/1s
die
l peI
rse
of p
rc,v
enti
r an
d to
mm
unik
fuse
d on
esta
unt n
t opp
rorn
iatio
n an
d re
port
ing
1.tr
gon
esle
nd to
enc
oura
ge n
orrm
yl s
pec
iali/
edre
spon
ses
inst
ead
of fl
exib
le m
id c
ompl
insi
e on
es. A
nd to
dav'
s pr
edom
inan
t hin
ding
foitt
itila
s ar
e fa
r m
ore
ofte
n (I
ricen
he
past
his
-to
ry a
nd p
rese
nt in
pits
than
the\
MA
IN a
ml f
utur
e re
sults
.
kids
cou
nt
Sin
ce in
hum
an s
en.ic
(.s,
like
nor
th e
lse,
the
form
of \
\fiat
is p
rovi
ded
follo
ws
the
stru
c-tu
r of
how
its
fund
ed, a
str
ong
case
can
he
mad
e fo
r pu
tting
fina
nce
tvlo
nit a
t the
lici
u.1
ofth
e ag
enda
for
chan
ge a
t nat
iona
l. st
ate,
:111
,1
loca
l le\
els
Pat
fifin
ckg
Exa
mpl
esA
com
mitm
ent t
o a
refo
rm a
gend
a to
r ch
ildre
n.fa
shio
ned
alon
g th
e th
emes
ck.
sc.r
ibed
of c
ours
e, c
onfr
ont i
ntim
iatti
ng h
urea
ticr
itic.
inst
itutio
nal,
antl
polit
ic a
l ine
rtia
\rttr
ictit
clss
, the
re is
gut
Ilk
Mg
ctl{u
5(ip
-
p1 1
11;In
d po
tent
ial
he n
c ni
l<
4 th
is k
ind
ul r
cl, i
nt)
com
mitm
ent
Acr
oss
Ihr
coun
t'', t
hew
me
a gu
nvin
g nu
m-
ber
(dr
yen
j('(
;111
(1 in
5lilu
tion,
il !1
)01
wal
l, ill
s th
at
ielle
lt th
e pu
u t r
of I
llese
!!!! s
ten)
cl l
arig
e
prin
cipl
es. '
Flu
' cha
lleng
e is
If, M
AC
co
Cpi
inn-
:II v
f fiin
s. li
ke th
ose
sket
ched
hel
l t\\
mod
el. m
splia
tion,
and
t {(
title
a co
mpr
elie
n-
sike
1-c
:str
ut:ta
ring
itO
t11
11,C
.11.
:Ind
11.1
111
Ill
.11
( 01
/111
1111
11C
litbe
tter
I111
1(II)
! 1,4
1s
hi S
oil)
Ike
I iec
ateg
ortio
nnn
(111
111s
iliu
mbu
ild v
,elL
ire,
juve
nile
just
ice,
;inc
l men
ial h
ealth
age
ncie
s to
deve
lop
a fle
xibl
chi
ld lt
nth
linhi
s
clie
nt-d
ri%ap
proa
ch p
up, i
des
a
cont
intit
int o
f fam
ily s
uppo
rt s
ervi
<cs
that
emph
asiz
es p
reve
ntio
n an
d ni
l 'vi
des
an in
tim-
<ha
te r
cspc
'ris
e us
flit,
iv(
11)1
cms
(h.
Wir
t/1' e
VS
ocia
l 1'o
/1(j
17
fam
ilies
. Sin
ce it
s es
tabl
ilim
ent i
n 19
'S, t
hem
othe
r of
chi
it:te
n pl
aced
in o
ut-o
Lt;o
ttniy
and
inst
itutio
nal s
ettin
gs h
as d
eclin
ed. c
orn
paire
d w
ith th
e re
st o
f lin
a.
In N
evi Y
mrk
City
, the
lie,
lem
ilc ;I
re 5
c11(
)111
-1)
;Ised
cot
ttnum
itc (
L'Ilt
els
that
pun
ide
in o
nc..
<cu
ing
soci
al s
et ic
es a
nd e
duca
tiona
l. v
oca
nona
l. an
d te
crea
tiona
lii
ines
for
child
ren.
outh
, and
adu
lts L
ocat
ed in
lit -
Mc(
L(51
11
!Min
nie,
, the
lie.
1«,1
1, II
I ope
n he
roic
ant
iA
ter
5c h
ool a
nd o
n \\
rken
i
In 'T
enne
ssee
. Ihe
rcis
:111
:111
11)1
1jig
is
1111
11 :1
1111
c(1
rest
rucl
utin
yt
sec%
ices
for
child
ren
Con
ibiii
ing
onpr
oprio
bons
from
lour
sta
te d
epar
tmen
ts s
er in
gch
ildre
n. th
e C
hilc
heit'
s fla
n se
eks
to d
ived
clul
chen
vv
Itat
est
ile(1
1,In
t11'
and
t()
ciu,
R11
11.1
te s
et ic
t`,
vv b
un n
eed
Car
t'.
lit t.
hico
go, K
olei
dosi
rip
e is
a m
ulti
face
ted
pirn
rcl
ei u
i son
(1)1
1111
1iI1
C11
inte
rs e
fil,1
1, 1
(.1
r ha
diri
and
fam
ilies
«ill
s m
ultip
le n
eecl
s Iit
Om
!,si
r( is
that
are
c o
ftunt
ittitI
has
cl a
nal (
1111
111
ally
c (
imp:
tem
. I:A
H(1
( ts
kope
has
est
ahlis
liecl
an fi
rpre
ssitc
itu
t! of
pre
set I
RE
; and
Rm
il-
ing
fam
ilies
the
Ann
ie E
.C
asey
Fou
ndat
ion
-71
-
1Lj
In N
e%%
jers
ey, t
he s
choo
llias
cl Y
outh
5(r%
cs P
rogr
am li
st's
sch
ools
tool
loci
ite
Imes
:mic
a ar
ray
of s
etN
ices
. Tlic
se (
ente
rs p
ro-
% id
e ad
oles
t cni
s. I
tan
olai
I% Il
ieN
t
111.
4 11
1111
( 11
111,
,ed
uc.1
11un
al.1
11,1
1..1
1111
11)\
;mat
t
,kill
,m
il/1
1.11
Ill \h
cIl
lg.1
11, 1
%11
1111
1C, 1
1111
1)1
t,% I
lk',
I(1,
)
\l'C
k,C
11an
d
hit t
ool p
led
Lnnn
hc, a
t nsl
, tit
ha%
u11
4 th
eir
chit-
chi c
d 1.
1 t.i
sk.i
cane
or
liI\c
er
an it
in,to
tinoi
ts T
his
holm
: lia
sed
sl.R
11,1
,
pit
l11
In 1
1( h
ulls
.111
el l
e( 1
1%in
ter%
ent
ion
\\ til
t 'A
miti
es 1
11t r
isis
ant
im
oR c
ult l
ent u
se
rcso
uit
In II
I, A
i aril
taitm
t, I l
urul
a.,1
11tc
k.Ils
ha%
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lent
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:cu\
e al
it:11
1:qt
% t.
..s
In lu
c ki
d (,
re It
i.11
imen
ilt d
amso
n. T
ile p
ro-
gian
t has
int l
ease
t.1 th
e ta
llnes
s o!
the
anti
s.ne
t1 Il
uhlk
«li
ribs
(hitt
'then
% is
c %
%ou
t(' l
ia%
e liv
en u
sed
kit
tin,u
ticlio
nit
.1 li
t% d
elen
tun
Lit.1
1111
.
111
kent
ilt k
% .
then
. is
an a
mbi
tion:
, rcl
oltit
(-H
olt u
nder
v.a
%. t
hat i
s al
ined
alt
pio%
idin
g.1
slip
etio
r et
hit a
tion
run
all o
f the
sta
tes
(hi!
(lien
Kt%
vIc
itiem
s el
the
piog
rain
int l
ittle
pelt(
liase
t1 te
%%
artl.
, and
san
t tit
ins
hit
Skill
oars
. 11(
A\
St1
1111
()11
1,C
11.1
((,.
'min
ding
(er
ica,
that
link 1
n
411M
MIE
1111
11
scho
ols
to o
ther
res
ourc
es in
the
com
mun
ity;
and
tuIti
on-f
ree
pres
choo
l for
edu
catio
nally
at -
risk
four
-yea
r-ol
ds.
In l'
.ata
le, N
ea M
exic
o,...
stab
lishe
ilc
arra
yof
,ulll
lort
,01
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"(IA
IC
C.,
1111
1111
.11
11)s
t vitl
itera
lile
inci
iihrs
of th
is it
irrl
lit in
and
Cad
y 11
11C
IAV
1111
011.
ilk'
C
(IcN
igil.
((cd
1,1
( ;(
1141
)Ck
capt
ains
\kilo
arc
on
the
aler
t for
fam
ilies
\\ h
o ne
c%1
help
.
In (
)A
land
.ul
na,
Geo
rgia
,
and
little
Rik
-I:,
Ark
ansa
s, c
ollit
liora
tie r
icer
sion
hiak
ing
bodi
es h
ave
been
est
ablis
hed
that
repr
esen
t a li
n Li
d c[
n ,(
(dol
t Or
10C
al le
ader
-sh
ip. 1
'1(1
1110
(111
g 11
101e
11,
111s
liC r
eN11
011s
es to
the
Hee
ds (
it C
hild
ren.
the
orga
rai.i
tital
s ha
ve g
ath-
ered
dat
a Ir
ons
bit
%in
ith s
et-%
ing
agen
cies
to
[rat
k th
e pr
oble
m:,
of c
hild
ren
and
to d
e%cl
op
in N
1ary
1,11
1(1.
sta
te a
genc
ies
(irki
ng tt
iget
likr
h.%
tech
mitr
e du
n S
I I n
lilliu
n ul
funt
.1-
mg
for
titit-
ellto
me
(,Ile
' 111
clu
kire
n to
ser
vi«s
than
sol
ely
keep
!am
ities
tuge
thei
ensi
tte
than
chi
ldre
n ii.
«Re
,Issl
!,111
1( C
in Il
leir
WIl
C(1
111/
1111
1111
4, T
hese
sel
l ice
s ar
e 1/
larli
led
and
.val
uate
d 11
1' lo
cal
lieor
ds, \
\ Inc
h
hrin
g tu
gi.il
ici a
ll 'L
ilts
oI th
e m
inin
tinity
t()
itii
N11
111,
111,
Ica
child
ren
litim
lies.
Thi
s sm
all s
ampl
e of
pro
mis
ing
initi
ativ
esis
larg
ely
the
vork
(if
stat
e an
d lo
cal g
over
n-m
ents
, nei
ghbo
rlioo
Ll o
rgan
izat
ions
, adv
ocat
es,
and
the
priv
att.
thei
r ef
fort
s, th
igt
i% e
min
ent t
imid
Ani
l sho
uld
nn.lk
e .t
«aitt
ilitit
itiii.
Fed
eral
kni
tting
Ilea
lido%
t los
s l a
bine
t Inm
an%
%.,,
and
ledr
:illy
sum
ined
mul
e ds
'111
1111
,1I.1
111
In,
alin
edit
Iuon
u,lu
ng e
lk'L
lIVe
Chi
ld 1
111(
1
de C
lupl
Ipi
long
way
to%
% n
I
mak
ing
innr
n.ni
on o
nill
(-h
ilt] a
nd ta
iiii-
ly s
et.%
i«.,
the
rule
rat
her
than
the
cm:L
T/h
int
As
docu
men
ted
ten
the
paw
..., t
hat
,
thew
i, ,t
tt
need
to [o
men
( se
rvic
es
Tha
l V,.
ill w
ake
real
(Ill
icit:
II«. f
or th
e [L
uton
'sw
itage
il ki
ds,tr
nt fa
mili
es A
nd
even
%yi
d)m
eani
nglid
com
mitm
ent t
o th
isda
untin
g ta
sk. l
RIIC
UIll
es 1
1,1'
c h
ildre
n \\
ill n
ot
chan
geer
mig
ht R
ut tu
nics
, i. a
re p
repa
red
to ta
kc. o
at a
ref
orm
age
nda
111
this
mag
nitu
de
and
cion
plem
t, th
e tr
ends
in th
is )
'..Ir
a I:/
/(A
n A
"//./
airi
Boo
k' \\
ill «
mile
thei
r tr
agic
trat
iviii
r
Dou
glas
W. N
elso
n
Exe
cutiv
e D
irect
or
The
Ann
ie E
. Cas
ey f
(pun
kin
-
kids
cou
nt
The
pag
es th
at fo
llow
pai
nt a
sta
tistic
al p
ortr
ait o
f chi
ld a
ndfa
mily
%ye
ll-
bein
g in
Am
eric
a. U
sing
the
mos
t rec
ent g
over
nmen
t sta
tistic
s av
aila
ble,
the
1993
K11
)S,7
\11'
Dat
a H
ook
mea
sure
s te
n in
dica
tors
of c
hild
and
adol
esce
nt h
ealth
, edu
catio
n, a
nd s
ocio
econ
omic
sta
tus.
It a
lso
incl
udes
back
grou
nd in
form
atio
n fo
r ea
ch s
tate
, inc
ludi
ng d
emog
raph
ic a
ndfa
mily
inco
me
data
. Unl
ike
the
thre
e pr
evio
us b
ooks
, thi
s ye
ar's
KID
SC
OI !
AT
Dat
a H
ook
uses
a b
ase
year
of 1
985,
inst
ead
of 1
980,
tohi
ghlig
ht r
ecen
t
tren
ds in
the
cond
ition
of c
hild
ren.
One
cha
lleng
e of
look
ing
at th
ese
data
is id
entif
ying
pat
tern
s !fi
at h
elp
Am
eric
ans
bette
r un
ders
tand
the
prob
-
hem
s fa
ced
by th
eir
child
ren
and
that
sug
gest
app
roac
hes
toad
dres
sing
thos
e ne
eds.
In th
is y
ear's
KID
S C
OU
NT
Dul
a H
ook,
two
part
icul
arly
not
e-
wor
thy
patte
rns
emer
ge.
Firs
t, al
thou
gh th
ere
has
been
mod
est n
atio
nal
prog
ress
in o
utco
mes
for
infa
nts
and
youn
gch
ildre
n, th
e ris
ks a
nd h
ard-
ship
s ex
perie
nced
by
adol
esce
nts
cont
inue
to Il
se.
21
(.'e
nter
fin-
,Sim
ly q
fs(h
.fai
The
Ann
ie f.
Cas
ey In
unda
tion
-
roan
..pe
icen
tage
dl t
eklu
igei
s al
e
giad
miti
ng h
ow h
igh
Nl 1
11%
14 o
n tin
e 11
411)
acr
e
in 1
98S
Nt p
rk.-
-e! t
. a 1
1111
pert
(.1
11 o
t tit.
to
yea!
aid
s ar
e id
le. T
ile);
.1.1
e 1)
(11.
III s
ill()
)11,
ndi 1
11 H
ie la
hor
tone
. not
in th
e m
ilita
iT. a
ndno
t hom
emak
ers
Nto
ieo(
er, s
ince
19H
S, i
iive-
rule
(it
tI(..i
tt cr
ime
,Irre
st r
ates
am
' the
rat
e of
teen
(Ic
ttilis
due
to h
olm
( al
e, s
uit j
ilt, o
r ai
l I(L
IU, 1
1,1%
e 1
)011
1 m
t 1,..
1,,e
(.1
)11(
' 1, /
Will
"1
.111
:rtlo
lcst
cuts
tdni
ratt
.1 S
C \I
LI%
11.
111,
1111
11l1
1111
,e,IN
C b
elow
they
giad
iate
lit i
nt h
igh
s( h
ool.
Tee
ns (
t oh
sexu
alIt
uan,
nune
d di
seas
es a
le m
ore
(111
11er
.lble
to 1
111'
. the
(in
is th
at c
aust
...-.
All)
S (
)ver
901
1
tecn
agei
s ha
y(' h
et.1
1 di
agno
s(' w
ith A
ll )S
Hat
e th
an 9
,=tu
(1 y
oung
:Rin
ks a
ges
21)
to 2
have
1)(
.(..i
t Mag
ni Is
e(' (
(itli
All
/S. M
ost u
l
them
con
e id
ed li
lt as
teen
agel
sT
he s
econ
d no
t(..u
.col
ly p
atte
rn in
this
1)al
et li
ooki
s O
ut M
k. (
lisad
vaitt
ages
ex:p
enci
l( (.
(1 It
y ch
ildre
n (t
litt
live
in k
tsin
cont
com
mun
ities
and
(A
lto a
re r
acia
l and
ethn
ic m
inor
ities
n.it
ain
seve
re a
nd fa
r m
ore
com
mon
than
the
risks
and
har
dshi
ps e
xper
i-en
ced
1)(
Aim
.ric
an c
hild
ren
asw
hole
.
Alri
( an
Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
an: h
our
times
as
111,
e1\.
a, %
.111
1e 1
1111
11re
ll to
he
1)0(
1r: L
atin
o
child
ien
we
thre
e M
iles
as li
kely
. And
Lat
ino
child
ren
:ire
alm
ost m
alt a
s lik
ely
to g
radu
ate
(run
t hig
h sc
hdul
()I
I (lin
t.'is
I.V
1111
e
Bla
ck te
enag
ers
are
alm
ost (
(A.(
) an
d on
e-ha
lf
tune
s as
like
ly a
shi
lkla
.n to
be
out o
f
2
scho
ol a
m' o
ut o
f cor
k; f
lispa
ni(
teen
s ar
ct(
vice
.is
likel
y lil
ak-k
).(
mith
is a
re li
ve ti
mes
Hu)
t-e
likel
y t!i
an (
vhite
you
ths
lc)
arre
sted
for
a vi
olen
t crim
e.T
he p
atte
rns
inci
ltioi
t(-t
Io
sugg
est
that
our
child
rk.it
gro
u. u
p .1
11(1
bc(
-oni
e
incr
easi
ngly
dep
ende
nt o
n th
e su
ppor
ts, v
alue
s,nx
l opp
ortim
itiC
s pr
ovid
ed b
y th
eir
scho
ols
51 (
t..1
11(.
1 ("
(111
1111
1111
1111
'S, t
he l!
111(
1(
(IM
) tir
supp
ort s
yste
ms
desi
gned
to s
erve
them
bec
omes
incr
easi
ngly
.ap
pare
nt -
-esp
ecia
lly to
r m
inon
t) k
ids
Per
haps
the
mos
t ala
rmin
g on
s(.(
tiici
ike
of :M
imin
g so
man
y ad
oles
cent
s to
mak
e tw
istic
ct.s
sfill
tran
si-
tions
to a
dulth
ood
is th
e lik
ely
viilr
ic..r
ahili
ty o
fth
e fa
mili
es ti
les(
' ) o
ung
petv
ie c
reat
e w
hen
they
arc
adu
lts. I
n th
is y
ear's
!\7!
n (X
)1',V
7Ik
tkr
Iloei
k, th
e iit
. its
lex
c)1'
hig
h ris
k fa
mili
essu
gges
ts th
at a
sub
stan
tial p
ropo
rtio
n of
new
Am
eric
an fa
mili
es m
ay (
veil
he u
nprc
.par
e(l
uneq
uipp
ed to
rai
se c
hild
ren
capa
ble
of m
eet-
ing
the
chal
leng
es o
f the
31s
t cen
tui.
As
disc
usse
d in
the
"For
ew(w
(1, c
hang
es
in th
ese
patte
rns
%in
rei
luire
a s
igni
fican
tre
asse
ssm
ent o
f puh
lic p
olic
ies,
you
th-s
ervi
ngin
stitu
tions
, and
sup
port
sys
tem
s--p
artic
ular
lyas
they
tiffe
( t :
!dol
e sc
k.nt
s an
d yo
ung
fam
ilies
in
the
natio
n's
mos
t dis
adva
ntag
ed c
omm
uniti
es.
With
out s
uch
chan
ges,
the
alar
min
g nu
mbe
rs o
ffa
mili
es th
at :i
re fo
rmin
g w
ith a
hig
h-ris
k pr
ofile
will
gua
rant
ee th
e pe
rpet
uatio
n of
eve
n gr
im-
mer
pro
blem
s fo
r al
leas
t :m
othe
r ge
nera
tion.
The
Rig
ht S
tart
: Birt
h, In
fanc
y,an
d C
hild
hood
Mos
t Am
eric
an t
get o
ff to
It h
ealth
yst
art i
ll lif
e. -
ther
e ha
te b
een
stea
dy im
prov
e.m
enu.
1tt
inla
in a
nd c
hild
mor
talit
y. S
ome
ofth
ese
gain
s ar
e th
e tr
ims
of p
reve
ntio
n. M
ost
stru
t fro
m im
pim
emen
ts in
saf
ety
and
nu:c
lic:1
1te
(lino
logy
and
acc
ess
Ic)
ibis
tec
lint
('ten
her
e, %
% h
ilt. t
heth
e C
1111
1111
y
%%
1114
C is
11(
11W
Illi,
due
disp
arity
bet
wee
n ch
il
dren
(ru
nt fa
mili
es a
nd c
omm
uniti
es \\
lilt i
nme
Alv
anta
ges
com
pak.
k1 tv
itlu
thos
e th
at h
ave
less
ii(lv
anta
gk.s
is a
(Ir
aina
tic o
ne.
Per
cent
of L
ow B
irth-
Wei
ght B
abie
sA
bab
y's
wei
ght a
t birt
h is
a k
ey in
dica
tor
of a
n11
11.1
111.
s :1
1111
11y
It su
rviv
e an
d th
rive.
Ove
r ou
c-
h:4(
1f 1
111;
1111
S w
ho d
ie :i
re lo
w b
irthw
eigh
t
babi
es. C
ompa
red
to b
abie
s of
nor
mal
wei
ght,
unde
rwei
ght h
akes
who
sur
vive
are
sev
en to
ten
tittle
s m
ore
likel
y to
hat
e sc
hool
pro
blem
s.W
omen
who
(I(
I no
t ree
dits
ear
ly p
rena
tal c
are
are
muc
ii sn
ore
likel
y to
giv
e bi
rth
to lo
w b
inh-
wei
ght b
abie
s.In
1,}
90. 2
89.1
18
hake
s, o
r 7
perc
ent o
f
all b
abie
s ho
rn th
:it y
ear,
Cai
ne in
to th
e w
orld
at-r
isk
heca
use
they
wei
ghte
d le
ss th
an 5
.5po
unds
. '('l
ie 1
990
low
Bin
h w
eigh
t rat
e, w
hich
is th
e sa
me
as th
e 19
89 r
ate,
is th
e hi
ghes
t per
-
cent
age
of lo
w h
inh-
wei
ght h
inhs
sin
ce 1
978.
2 3
-
IF.
IS C IS C I 0 10
Ove
rall,
the
perc
enta
ge o
l low
birt
h w
eigh
tba
bies
incr
ease
d by
3 p
erce
nt b
en\ e
vil 1
985
and
190.
It in
crea
sed
in th
irty
-sew
n st
ates
and
the
Dis
tric
t of C
olum
bia,
dec
reas
ed in
eig
ht,
and
stay
ed th
- sa
me
in fi
ve. 1
3y a
nd la
rge,
thos
e
stat
es w
ith h
ighe
r in
fant
mor
talit
y ra
tes
are
also
thos
e in
whi
ch a
gre
ater
per
cent
age
ol b
abie
sar
e ho
rn u
nder
wei
ght.
Ala
ska
and
Sou
th)a
ktita
are
exc
eptio
ns to
this
pat
tern
.
!flac
k ba
bies
are
mor
e vt
ilika
ahle
. Alm
ost
13 p
erce
nt o
f Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an b
abie
s w
ere
born
low
birt
h w
eigh
t in
1990
, a r
ate
mor
e th
antw
ice
the
low
birt
h-w
eigh
t rat
e of
\Yiti
te o
rI l
ispa
nic
babi
es.
Infa
nt M
orta
lity
Rat
eT
hc 1
990
infa
nt m
orta
lity
raw
of 9
2 p
er 1
,11(
U)
live
birt
hs is
the
low
est e
ver
re(
(till
ed H
i the
Sta
tes.
Bec
ause
of s
oplii
stk
:tied
neo
nata
l int
ensi
ve c
are
and
impr
oved
tran
spor
tatio
nto
this
car
e, in
fant
mor
talit
y ra
tes
have
bee
nre
duce
d ev
ery
veal
. ove
r th
e pa
st a
wn
deca
des
and
mor
e :b
an h
alve
d si
nce
1970
. Nil
the
rate
of p
rogr
ess
in in
fant
mor
talit
y sl
owed
dur
ing
the
1980
s in
par
t bec
ause
of i
ncre
ases
in fa
mily
pove
rty'
.
In 1
990.
38,
351
babi
es d
ied
behi
re th
eyre
ache
d th
eir
first
birt
hday
. The
maj
ority
of
thes
e de
aths
occ
urre
d du
ring
the
first
twen
ty-
eigh
t day
s of
life
. Inf
ant d
eath
rat
es fr
omR
espi
rato
ry D
istr
ess
and
Sud
den
Infa
nt D
eath
Syn
cIll/
nle
have
dec
lined
whi
le d
eatit
s cl
ue to
preg
nanc
y co
mpl
icat
ions
hav
e ris
en. 2 4
kids
toso
n4C
entv
rfhr
Ow
Stu
d; o
f Soc
ial
'the
infa
nt m
orta
lity'
rat
e de
crea
sed
info
rty-
nine
sta
tes
betw
een
1985
and
199
0. It
rose
slig
htly
in S
outh
Dak
ota
and
stay
ed th
esa
me
in th
e' D
istr
ict o
f Col
umbi
a. In
gen
eral
,th
e so
uthe
aste
rn s
tate
s co
ntin
ue to
hav
e th
ehi
ghes
t inf
ant m
orta
lity
rate
's. B
ut b
etw
een
1985
and
199
0, A
rkan
sas,
kem
ticky
, and
Sou
thC
arol
ina
redu
ced
thei
r ra
tes
at a
pac
e gr
eate
r
than
the
natio
n is
a w
hole
, and
Ala
bam
a di
dso
at t
he s
ame
rte
In 1
990,
An
ican
-Anw
rican
hab
its d
ied
at m
ore
than
twic
e-17
dea
ths
per
1,0(
X)
live
birt
hsth
y- r
te o
f whi
te b
abie
s. M
oreo
ver.
the
gap
betw
een
the
inla
nt m
orta
lity
rate
sof
whi
te a
nd H
an Is
ubi:,
has
uvt
inue
d to
wid
en. A
lthou
gh th
e H
ack
inla
nt m
orta
lity
rue'
de(
line
d 7
perc
ent e
wer
the
last
kill
of
the
1980
s, th
e dr
op w
as le
ss th
an h
ull t
hat f
orw
hite
s. l'
iobl
ems
'ela
ted
to p
rem
atur
ity a
ndlo
w b
irth-
wei
ght c
ompr
ise
the
lead
ing
caus
eof
dea
th fo
r A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
bab
ies.
Chi
ld D
eath
Rat
eT
he d
eath
rat
e fo
r ch
ildre
n ag
es 1
to Ii
was
at
a re
cord
low
in 1
99(1
at 3
0.5
de ti
lts p
er 1
00,0
00
child
ren
of th
at a
ge r
ange
. Tha
t fig
ure
was
10
perc
ent l
ower
than
the
198;
toof
33.
8.
Non
ethe
less
, fro
m 1
985
thro
ugh
199(
1, 9
6,68
3ch
ildre
n ag
es 1
to 1
1 di
ed in
the
Uni
ted
Sta
tes.
Ove
r 10
per
cent
of c
hild
dea
ths
are
beca
use
ofac
cide
nts,
and
alm
ost o
ne -
bail
of th
ose
deat
hsar
e (k
w to
mot
or v
ehic
le a
cckl
ents
.11o
wev
er,
even
in th
is y
oung
age
gro
up. t
he 'H
unke
r of
hom
icid
es. %
%fid
stil
l sm
all,
rose
by
21 p
erce
ntfr
om 7
31 m
urde
rs in
198
0 to
H9(
1 in
199
0.',H
ie o
vera
ll ch
ild d
eath
rat
e is
hig
her
for
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
than
for
Yvh
ite c
hil-
dren
. In
11)9
1), i
t was
47.
6 de
aths
per
l0u
,000
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an c
hild
ren.
con
mar
ed \\
ill' 2
9.5
deat
hs p
er 1
00,0
)51
whi
te c
hild
ren.
Bet
we'
e'n
1985
and
199
(1, t
he c
hild
dea
th
rate
(le
( re
aset
1 in
thirt
y ni
ne s
tate
s, s
taye
d th
e
sam
e in
thre
e Ila
wai
i, R
hode
Isla
nd, a
ndV
erni
ont-
-and
incr
ease
d in
eig
ht s
tate
s an
dth
e D
istr
ic t
of C
olun
il»a.
The
se s
tate
s in
clud
edA
laba
ma,
Ken
tuck
y, N
1iss
ouri,
Neb
rask
a,N
evad
a, N
ess'
11;
inT
shire
, Nor
th I
lako
nt, .
111(
1
Sou
th D
akot
a---
-all
disp
ropo
rtio
nate
ly r
ural
stal
es
Tur
ning
(P
oint
s: T
he T
een
Yea
rs
child
ren
grow
. the
ir w
orld
Yvi
elen
s an
d so
too
does
thei
r ex
posu
re to
hea
lth, e
duca
tion,
and
othe
r ris
k fa
ctor
s. T
he a
bilit
y. o
f :1(
101e
s-
cent
s to
nav
igat
e sa
l( l)v
thro
ugh
thes
e ris
ks to
succ
essf
ul a
dulth
ood
depe
nds
in la
rge
part
nn
the
safe
ty o
f nei
ghbo
rIkk
HIS
, the
All'
ntla
Cy
of
scho
ols.
the
pies
etw
e ol
/Mit:
opp
rtriu
ni
tics,
and
oth
er fo
rmal
and
info
rmal
sup
port
syst
ems.
Rut
the
grim
rea
lity
rela
ted
to th
ede
crea
se' i
n hi
gh s
choo
l gra
duat
ion
rate
's, t
hepe
rcen
tage
(il
teen
s w
hit
le n
eith
er in
sch
ool
nor
in th
e la
bor
Ione
, and
the'
ris
e in
itiy
enile
21)
The
Ann
ie E
. Cas
ey F
ound
atio
n
-
/IC11
1 uu
ue a
re,'
late
, and
Iron
vio
lent
cle
at!)
rate
, ,tig
ge,[,
that
you
th-s
ervi
ng in
stin
nion
san
d ,',
lent
, are
r,ti
ling
to p
rovi
dc to
o m
any
Mie
r) 1
.5 1
111
NW
It ,U
PP
Oils
Per
cent
Gra
duat
ing
from
Hig
h S
choo
lsc
. lux
ling
It.n
Aw
ays
hccn
a k
ey v
ari-
able
in d
eter
min
ing
hie
otik
oine
, for
chi
ldre
n,re
c. e
n) )
lt.tt
ll L,
in th
e na
tiona
l lal
x)r
mar
ket a
ndth
e v.
)».1
,1 e
cono
my
[mik
ego
od e
chic
ati,m
tn(q
r cr
itica
l h)
pro(
Incl
ivity
and
sel
l-sul
ti-)
ierK
V T
eena
ger,
\Al»
) dr
op o
ut o
f hig
h sc
h(x)
Itc
)day
1.1
11 1
.51/
11. 1
uc
cam
app
roxi
mat
ely
»ne-
third
k-s
, eac
h ye
ar th
an th
ose
who
gra
duat
e.1h
-spi
te th
e un
iver
,ally
ack
now
ledg
edun
pona
th u
l edu
c.tti
on, o
nly
(19
prc)
..-n)
»I
,inde
nt, c
c ho
ent
ered
111
1111
1 gl
ade
inI 9
W)
grit&
thitc
d lIc
ti) 1
1114
11 ,d
rool
111
1q9
0, li
xtr
year
s
'11)
1, T
ate
ienr
,ent
,,1
»).)
: d»)
.(11
War
li [r
end
ac c
t 111
C 1
/.151
515
),(
1.11
5 1
11 1
11C
1)r
i11/
i/1
1(1
111-
111C
11 g
enin
g a
high
,Llit
»)1
(hi)(
1111
a on
(lin
e
licnc
en 1
9843
and
199
0.tic
pef
tent
age
grad
ti-m
ing
In a
n hi
ghh»
ol d
tchn
d by
1 p
cice
nt.
I..it
[no
teen
ager
, are
intu
it le
ssth
an )
.(hu
e or
bla
ck Ir
on, t
o 11
)11,
11 h
igh
scho
ol
on n
ine
In 1
9d0,
onl
y i2
rw
rcen
) of
His
pani
cw
en, )
41.id
uate
Ll ti
c )1
11 h
igh
,ch»
ol h
y ag
e
)%
lied
to (
)I p
ercu
ric o
f Alf
ic.o
rt-A
inci
ftart
!col
spo
ccni
(il
ulut
r Ic
ells
1 it.
'ce
n 19
85 .i
nch
11./9
0. (
tic o
n ni
ne
high
,) 1
1uo1
gra
duat
ion
rale
dec
ie,i,
eLl n
t (lu
ny-
,c).
.c11
,tat
)., p
hi, t
he I
h,tii
c I o
r C
oltti
nhia
1 hr
gte
,11r
,tvr
o in
MC
NIC
(1
(LI p
eke)
)) d
ecw
a,e)
.In
per
cent
26
Sel
ecte
d in
tern
atio
nal C
ompa
rison
sIn
dica
tors
Can
ada
Fra
nce
US
A
Per
cent
low
1990
birt
h-w
eigh
t bab
ies
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
rote
1990
(per
1,0
00 li
ve b
irths
)
Tee
n bi
rth
rate
(per
1,0
00 te
ens)
65
23.1
5111
1111
/Y
EA
RS
1911
9.5
1911
10.3
3.5
31.8
_.4.
8
1161
1919
1111
1111
Per
cent
app
ropr
iate
age
gro
up
enro
lled
in s
econ
dary
edu
catio
n93
8385
9679
Per
cent
of a
ll de
aths
that
are
viol
ent d
eath
s
Age
s 15
-24
511.
1EC
TE
D
YF
AR
S
Per
cent
chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
't'Ll
"C"
YE
AR
S
76.2
7068
.766
.562
.377
.819
1411
1419
1711
1711
1111
U
9.6
4.6
2.8
N/A
7.4
20.4
1117
1911
1961
1111
1911
Per
cent
of a
ll ho
useh
olds
that
are
32.3
30.2
21.8
39.2
2827
mar
ried
coup
les
with
chi
ldre
n"A
MItU
wu
1111
1115
1117
1111
Per
cent
of a
ll ho
useh
olds
!hol
are
sing
le-p
aren
t hou
seho
lds
S11
.1)1
11)
YE
AR
S5.
63.
73.
42.
54
8in
i91
9111
111
1919
1111
711
11
* G
rrm
too,
lor
Luria
wei
ght a
nd ta
fant
mor
talit
y st
atis
am; f
invi
er W
est (
:from
ay fa
r al
l ala
rm.
27
-
12
decr
ease
);F
lorid
a, N
lary
land
. Nlis
sour
i,l'e
nnsy
lvan
ia a
nd S
outh
Car
o lin
d (9
he
decr
ease
) O
n th
e ot
her
hand
. Nev
ada
and
Ala
ska
incr
ease
d th
eir
grad
uatio
n ra
tes
byI 9
pen
. cut
and
9 p
ert c
ut. r
espe
ctiv
ely
In g
ener
al, s
chc
sits
in lo
wer
ran
king
stat
es a
n: m
ore
cifte
n fa
ced
tt ith
the
chal
leng
eof
edu
catin
g m
ore
disa
dvan
tage
d (h
ildrn
Stu
dent
s Ir
on)
lotv
-inco
me
fam
ilies
are
duc
etim
es a
s lik
ely
to d
rop
out o
f sch
ool
111(
)Se
Iron
mor
eho
mes
Per
cent
Tee
ns N
ot in
Sch
ool a
nd N
ot in
the
Labo
r F
orce
Fiv
e he
reilt
of A
mer
ican
teen
ager
s ag
es 1
6 to
19, o
r 68
2,0n
0 te
ens,
are
not
in s
clio
til. n
otth
e la
bor
lorc
e, n
ot in
the
mili
nirt
and
not
sel
f.de
s( r
ibed
hom
emak
ers.
The
Tau
t tha
t SII(
11
larg
e nu
mlic
rs o
f tee
ns h
ave
nu)
nrot
iuct
iSe
role
in 5
(11
his
0)4
cots
v )1
1,..
I( IT
(M
in
quer
icy,
nig
hbor
licxx
l sta
bilit
y. a
nd y
outh
alie
natio
n. T
he p
er«-
ntag
e ci
l Atti
c :in
Ani
eric
an
teen
s no
t in
sch(
xil a
nd n
ot in
the
labo
r f'c
ace
iS:il
inos
t tw
o an
d on
e ha
ll III
I1C
S th
at t
)1 w
hite
16,
to 1
9 ye
ar -
olds
. "T
he r
ate
for
Ilisp
anic
you
th is
twic
e th
at fo
r w
hite
teen
sT
hirt
y tw
o st
ates
had
a lo
wer
per
cent
age
of te
ens
out 1
)1 s
chot
it a
nd n
ot in
the
labo
r
forc
e in
199
0 th
an in
198
5; e
ight
een
slat
es a
ndth
e D
istr
ict o
f (1o
luin
hia
had
high
er p
erce
nt-
ages
. Illi
e bi
gges
t rat
e in
crea
ses
wer
e in
Was
hing
ton
stat
e (7
7 pe
rcen
t), t
he D
istr
ict
kids
cou
nt
Li
of C
olum
bia
('2 p
erce
nt).
New
Ilam
pshi
re(1
9 pe
rcem
l, N
ebra
ska
(-i8
per
cent
), a
sid
(Mic
higa
n IT
S p
erce
nt).
Sev
eral
of t
hese
sta
tes
also
had
exp
erie
nced
sig
nific
ant e
cono
mic
tlow
nuirn
s (h
iring
the
sam
e pr
iod.
Juve
nile
Vio
lent
Crim
e A
rres
t Rat
eB
etw
een
1986
and
199
1, th
e lu
ck:1
111e
vio
lent
crim
e ar
rest
rac
e fo
r vc
itlili
s ag
es 1
0 to
17
incr
ease
d by
i8 p
en c
m. I
n 19
91, 1
30,0
00yo
uth
arre
sts
wer
e m
ode
Ion
rap(
, rob
bery
,ho
mic
ide,
or
aggr
avat
ecl a
ssau
lt --
-12,
000
stor
e
arre
sts
than
in 1
986.
Bla
ck y
outh
s ar
e liv
e 11
11IS
mor
e lik
ely
than
whi
te y
outh
s to
he
arre
sted
for
it vi
olen
tllo
wev
cr, t
he w
hite
juve
nile
tiol
cnl
crim
e ar
ced
fal i
ncre
ased
hy
S8
perc
ent
betw
een
1986
iind
199
1 M
ille
the
rate
for
Hac
kyo
uths
incr
ease
d by
28
pea
cm. !
dale
juve
nile
s'M
C s
acs
tiM, M
OW
lik(
IIV (
11:1
1) fc
11).
11(
y()I
1111
,..
to b
e ar
ICS
IC(1
for
a vi
olen
t clim
e. M
r-A
t:ccI
, the
late
for
lem
ale
yout
hs in
crea
sed
by 5
7 pe
rcen
tbe
twee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
991,
and
the
rate
kir
mal
esin
crea
sed
by 1
6 pe
rcen
t.
The
juve
nile
vio
lent
crim
e ar
rest
rat
e gr
ewin
fort
y-fo
ur s
tate
s an
d th
e Ill
stric
t of C
olum
bia
betw
een
1986
and
191
)1. T
lw r
ates
mor
e th
an
(but
ted
in n
ine
stat
es: A
laba
ma,
Ark
ansa
s,G
eorg
ia, M
issi
ssip
pi, N
orth
Car
olin
a, R
hode
Isla
nd, S
outh
Car
olin
a, W
ashi
ngto
n. a
ndV
cisc
onsi
n. T
he r
ates
dec
reas
ed in
six
sta
tes
Mic
higa
n, M
inne
sota
, New
Ilam
pshi
re, N
orth
Dak
ota,
Ver
mon
t, an
d W
yom
ing.
Cen
terI
hr th
e .q
trel
).of
Soc
ial l
'ulk
y
Chi
lche
n tt
no li
ve in
ext
rem
ely
Ixxn
fam
ilie
s. in
fam
ilies
whe
re v
iole
nce
anti
adul
t dis
-co
id a
re c
omm
on a
nd a
mal
e :m
inor
ity fi
gure
()lie
n ab
sent
, ale
at g
reat
er r
isk
Man
s ci
l the
sefa
mili
es a
lso
lice
in is
olat
ed a
nd im
poce
iislie
dco
mm
uniti
es tc
lICIC
then
: art
- fe
w c
hanc
es to
exce
l. W
ilde
the
over
all t
rend
s :ir
e ci
ciir,
shou
ld h
: sol
ed th
at c
h :u
rges
ill j
uven
ile d
ole
nt :c
rone
arr
est r
ates
may
als
o re
flect
cha
nges
in la
w e
nfor
cem
ent p
ract
ices
;Ind
rep
entin
g
Tee
n V
iole
nt D
eath
Rat
e1'
h: d
eath
rai
e lO
r te
enag
ers
ages
IS to
19
as
a re
sult
suic
ide,
incr
ease
d13
per
cent
bet
\wen
198
5 an
d19
99. T
he in
crea
se w
as d
riven
by
the
rise
in
hom
icid
e am
ong
bloc
'(: y
outh
s. In
199
0 m
ost
tt m
ite te
enag
ers-
die
d in
acc
iden
ts. p
iimar
ily in
mot
or v
lik F
es--
-W
rote
than
[tyk
e th
e nu
mbe
rw
ho d
ied
lxx
;Ris
e Ill
sui
cide
or
1111
11(1
(1. (
)n
di('
9111
(T 1
1:11
1(.1
, 111
9S1
11c)
died
teen
e in
uido
redm
ort'
111:
17)
11V
ilV th
enu
mbe
r \\
II()
died
111
acc
iden
ts
l he
vi91
11(.
(' tle
vast
atin
g th
e liv
es o
f dill
(Ife
ll liv
ing
in A
mer
ica.
, maj
or c
ities
is e
vide
ntin
the
incr
ease
in th
e te
en v
iole
nt d
ealt
rate
inth
e D
istr
ict o
f Col
umbi
a. li
etcs
een
1987
and
1988
, it m
ore
than
dou
bled
and
con
tinue
d to
rise
abov
e th
e 19
88 r
ate
in s
ubse
quen
t yel
ls.
7-1
The
Ann
ie E
. Caw
Fou
ndat
ion
-
1111
.111
.
80%
10%
60%
50%
40%
30'/.
20%
10%
0'/.
Chi
ldre
n In
Pov
erty
by
Num
ber
of R
isk
Fac
tors
, Age
s 7-
12, 1
9811
48%
26%
No
risks
Ow
ris
kT
wo
risks
All
*le
risks
80%
10%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
L. o
%
Chi
ldre
n In
Low
er H
alf o
f Cla
ss b
y N
umbe
rof
Ris
k F
este
rs, A
ges
7-12
, 191
11I
No
risks
0.. r
isk
Tw
o ris
ks A
N th
roe
risks
iT
hese
cha
rts
repr
esen
t the
per
cent
age
of c
hild
ren
in
pove
r.y
or in
the
low
er h
alf o
f the
ir cl
ass
who
wer
e
born
to w
omen
who
had
one
or
mor
e ris
k fa
ctor
s.
The
ris
k fa
ctor
s: H
avin
g le
ss th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of s
choo
l-
ing,
bei
ng u
nmar
ried
to th
e ch
ild's
fath
er, o
r be
ing
unde
r ag
e 20
at t
he ti
me
of th
e bi
rth
of h
er fi
rst b
aby.
30
Vul
nera
ble
Fam
ilies
\Vite
n %
%e
1555
11.
.11
the
data
. tre
nds,
;Ind
inci
-
denc
e of
pio
blem
s w
ens
and
citin
g ad
ults
. are
\per
ienc
ing,
it s
houl
d «l
ine
as n
o N
uipr
isc
that
'het
are
uu
icsi
ngly
!min
ing
[am
ities
that
lack
the
supp
orts
and
sec
urity
to p
ros
Isle
iiiia
tely
for
thei
