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1. Explain the different skills required at different levels of management?

Technical skills : technical skills are concerned with what is done. These pertain toknowledge & proficiency in activities involving methods and procedures. These involveworking with specific tools & techniques. Such skills are learned by accountants,engineers, & time & motion study men, & are developed by the actual practice on the

job.

Human skills : Human skills, also referred to as human relation skills, involve towork effectively with others on a person- to - person basis & to build up cooperativegroup relations to accomplish organizational objectives. Such skills are required tomotivate & lead people in the organization in such a way that not only personalsatisfaction is achieved but organizational objectives also achieved.

Conceptual skills : Conceptual skills or general management skills are concernedwith why a thing is done. These skills refer to the ability to see the whole picture; torecognize significant elements in a situation; & to understand the relationship amongthese elements. Such skills are necessary to deal with abstractions, to set models, & toformulate plans.

TOP MANAGEMENT SKILLS :

In the academic world, much attention has been focused on the skills & their

development in top management because this level is the major driving force in anorganization. Osmond has identified eight specific skills required for a top- levelmanager. These are skills relating to balancing, integrating, setting priorities, setting& developing standards, conceptualizing, leading, matching oneself with ones job,& delegating.

MIDDLE MANAGEMENT SKILLS :

In middle management group, there may be managers at different levels placed between the top management & supervisors. Usually, they are concerned with a particular functional area of the organization. There is a tendency of faster movement of this groupof managers. Therefore, they require a variety of skills which must be relevant for their entire career. While at the lower end of middle management, more of technical & humanskills are required; at the higher end of middle management, more creative & integrativeskills are required. Thus, the managers in the middle require human relations skill,leadership skill, motivating skills & integrative skill.

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SUPERVISORY MANAGEMENT SKILLS :

Supervisors may also be classified into front-line, intermediate, & senior. Sincethey are directly concerned with operatives where the actual operations of theorganization take place, supervisors should possess skills which help them to get thingsdone by operatives. Every supervisor in the organization should have sound technicalknowledge of his field to provide instructions & guidance to operatives, interpersonalskill for creating proper work environment, & communication skill for interacting withhigher management.