Priniciples of Growth & Development

7/30/2019 Priniciples of Growth & Development

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Principles of Growth &

Development

Presented By

Christine Hicks


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Nursing Process Overview

Assessment

History Taking with Child & Parent

Observation

Use of Assessment Tools (such as):

Height & Weight Charts

Developmental Milestones

Denver II

Vision & Hearing Screenings


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Nursing Diagnoses (examples)

Risk for altered growth & development

Altered growth & development

Family Coping

Altered Nutrition

Knowledge Deficit


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Planning

Wholistic Care--physical, emotional, cultural,

cognitive, spiritual, social, nutritional

Individualized NCP

Inclusion of Family members, Caregivers, &

Teachers


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Implementation

Goal is to encourage age-appropriate self-care

activities

Work closely with Parents

Nurse acts as a Role Model


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Evaluation

On-going evaluation hopefully leads to early

detection of problems


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Role of the Nurse and Growth &

Development Health Promotion & Illness Prevention

Anticipatory Guidance

Safety

Screenings/Health Care


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Health Restoration & Maintenance

Patient Education

Affect of Illness on Physical Growth


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Principles of Growth &

Development Terms

Growth

Development/Maturation

Psychosexual

Psychosocial

Moral Cognitive

Developmental Task


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Patterns (p. 749)

Continuous

Proceeds in orderly sequence

Predictable stages/different rates

All body systems do not develop at same rate

Development is cephalocaudal

Development is proximal to distal


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Gross to refined skills

Optimum time for experiences

Neonatal reflexes must be lost

Many behaviors/skills are learned by practice


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Factors Influencing Growth &

Development Genetics

Gender

Health

Intelligence

Temperment


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Environment

Socioeconomic Level

Parent-Child Relationship

Ordinal Position in the Family

Health

Nutrition


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Nutrition (p.753-754)

Variety of Foods

Balance Food & Activity

Plenty of Grains, Vegetables, & Fruits

Low in Fat, Saturated Fats & Cholesterol

Moderation of Sugars, Salt & Sodium


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Patient Education in Nutrition

Use of Food Pyramid

Components of Healthy Diet

Vegetarian Diets

Alcohol Abuse


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Theories of Development

Psychosexual--Freud

Psychosocial--Erikson

Cognitive--Piaget

Moral--Kohlberg


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Freud

Id-Ego-Superego of Personality

Development

Stages of Psychosexual Development


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Id

Ego

Superego

Instinctual Drives

Individual/Reality

Society


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Stages

Infant--Oral

Toddler--Anal

Explores world with

mouth/tongue

Thumbsucking;Breastfeeding

Control of urination &

defecation

Toilet Training


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Preschooler--Phallic

School-age--Latent

Sexual Identity--

notices boys & girls

Questions about birth

Nonactive

development


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Adolescent--Genital Establishes

relationships with

opposite sex Dating


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Erikson

Stages of Social Growth & Development

Differences between Freud & Erikson


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Infant--Trust v.

Mistrust

Toddler--Autonomy v.

Shame

Love

Bonding

Independent

Makes Decisions

Expresses Opinion


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Preschooler--Sense of

Initiative v. Guilt

School-age--Sense ofIndustry v. Inferiority

Learns how to do

things

Basic problem solvingskills

Learns how to do

things well

Rewards/Satisfaction


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Adolescent--Sense of

Identity v. Role

Confusion

Body Image

Who he/she is

Emancipation Career/College Choice

Values Strengthen


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Piaget

Stages of Cognitive Development


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Infant-2 Years--

Sensorimotor

Environment-Child

Relationship

Hand-eyeCoordination

Experiments

Memory

Imitation


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2-7 Years--

Perioperational

Thought

Thought becomes

more symbolic

Mental answers ratherthan physical

Concept of Time is

Now

Concept of Distance is

as far as Child can see


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7-12 Yrs--

Concrete Operational

Thought

Systematic Reasoning

Uses memory for

broad concepts Classifications

Concept of Reverse


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12 Yrs--

Formal Operational

Thought

Can solve hypothetical

problems

Use of scientificreasoning

Cause & Effect

Concept of Past,

Present & Future


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Kohlberg

Stages of Moral Development


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2-3 Yrs--

Preconventional;

Stage 1

4-7 Yrs--

Preconventional;

Stage 2

Punishment &

Obedience--needs

clear instructions

Individualism--needs

assistance with self-

care


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7-10 Yrs--

Conventional; Stage 3

10-12 Yrs--

Conventional: Stage 4

Follows the rules;

wants to be good;

helps others

Maintenance of Social

Order; follows rules

from authority; hasdifficulty modifying

procedure


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Older than 2 Yrs--

Postconventional;

Stage 5

Stage 6

Social contract;

follows standards of

society

Ethical principles;

follows internalized

standards of conduct


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Continuing Themes

Development of Play

Development of Language


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Development of Play

Function of Play

Classification of Play

Age Characteristics of Play

Selection of Age-appropriate Toys &

Activities

Toy Safety


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Development of Language

Prelinguistic Stage

Holophrastic Stage

Telegraphic Stage

Preschool Period

Middle Childhood Period


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Continuing Threads

Nutrition

Family-Child Interaction/Family

Functioning

Health Eduation

Priniciples of Growth & Development

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