Principles of Public Law

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(Definition du droit public) I " $&~uu " ( ULPIAN ) ~ndma$ptaTul3Guq ~ ~ n i p t h l6o5uiul i i i

"ngMu7fluM~zfld Ihn' n g M ~ 7 ~ ~ l d ~ 3 $ ~ J n ' P I ~ 7 ~ 3 3 ~ ~ f 3 s r " 9 d (Republique Romaine) riau ngnu~sanautfu IPrn' n g ~ u ~ ~ $ & ~ a ' e ~ n ' ~ d s z f w ~ s d ' ~ a ~ r a n a u u i ~ ~ ~ u h u fllAm31ill%6 Marcel PRELOT Im: Jean BOULOUIS ~ ~ a ~ u i u ! ? r ~ d i s i n i w i d f ~

bQ1A 41 :- " La distinction droit public - droit privb que connait le droit franeais, est

heritbe du droit romain. On en trouve genbralement I'origine dans les travaux d9Ulpien (170-228)' jurisconsulte et conseiller d9Alexandre SEVERE.

Cette division fondamentale selon laquelle le droit public concerne la requblique romaine, et le droitpriv6 les particuliers, a traversC les si6cles en connaissant bien des vicisitudes, notamment doctrinal, mais sans jamais totalement disparaitre. "' d~udnl6naia~di

Iung~rnuuo0~dki~17 n i n ~ l i ~ u u n n ~ ~ u i u u ~ i ~ ~ n " u n ~ ~ u i u ~ o n a u u " ~ i ~ u

usnnmnnonuioinng~uiuI3Gu Imu Y ~ ~ ~ u u s B (ULPIAN) $ & ~ ~ u ~ n ~ n a n j UB:I~U~

Irsnwing~uiuuo ~wse~il"iCn3w~~iab~n'11iu~~of i m a i (n.fl.170-228) I&^auiulidi :- t Y unaiu~undi~uuwu;iuuo~ng~uiuu~iaun"ung~ionau fla ngMuiu

u t l i a~h~u iu !d ng~nm~dbi(uay'o~n"u6~7bi3blb?~~3~u hungnuiubonaw r&ri d v w ngnuiodb6ua~o~n"ubonaubbdnrnuMs1 I .sni3~rdr~iud ~dunzan r~a:uou?urUunqw$%

1 .GOUNELLE Max,lntroductlon nu drolt public,frnncals.( Paris : Montchrestien . 2 ed . 1989, p. 18

asos ngwu7uionm f a i l r j ng6nmw'&ws7uno~ngwu7ui6iua~~na7u~u~~~n7s

ng~munwi7sfa$nilnasos&aun"p1

DWERGER ~ t l l t l l ~ ~ ~ ~ l t l ~ ~ ~ l ~ 1 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ L L ~ n ~ l ~ 3 t ~ ~ l ~ (dnFl3od ClJ hdk%Jnnsoc %I qI ~ ~ n : i i ~ w ~ n n ~ u ~ ~ n u o : 6 ~ l ~ ~ n ( u y n n ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 J ' ~ ~ ~ 1 J ' ~ a i o o n d i ~ ~

& d ~~~tn(u~nn~dotdia~dfiu?niu noun(uynna$3diwio ~ ~ a ~ n q u y n n ~ f i t l n a ~ n o ~ n i t l I4idiwia nrjuu3nniistlnii $dnnsoa visotbi~riidurnau niunoa do i~d i$ i lnn .ro~

I

C U L ~ J ,'

ngwwuuw7a~1 r i i ~ n g ~ u h 7 s n g 6 n m d un' a7smuynns ( personnes d PIP publiques ) &!.'un'% osdn7srlnnros 66srsaunaomns~1n~ansn7~ngwu7~~~~7a~d~ 7

(1d~uw7inu7nirT~swu7~7s) ngwu7uuw7a~oza7snglnmd un' a7a7smynnnI~1~7uosAns n7s~7~ilw7~1na7uairw"~Bsrwi7sa7~7sm~nws$aun'~ msonoorna7u~uw"01dszwi7s a7a7amy ans66ea6enau I#'

a.laanolsi Bernard BRACHET ~ o w n g ~ u i t l u a i a u v ~ a u ~ i ? n t l i ~ ~ didf~ iinii-~'l?VL"d~GuqC~ do

' De LAUBADERE, AndrB, DROIT PUBLIC ECONOMIQUE, Dalloz, 2' ed., 1976, p. 14. ' BRACHET, Bcmard, DROIT PUPLIC, les cours de droit, paris 2, 1978-79, P.6.

40 LW 101

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J d d VUJMUIUUMI~IW iio n p ~ n m G n i ~ n g ~ ~ i u n " ~ d ~ ~ 2 u r ' 1 ~ u ~ n ~ n u ~ ~ u o ~ 6 n ~

u n ~ ~ ~ h ~ ~ f l e f l i ~ u n ~ l ? i u ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ r ' ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ o ' i ~ ~ ' i d ~ ~ o ~ ? ~

~ d o n n u n ~ i u ~ u i u u o ~ n ~ ~ u ~ u a a i i 6 u ~ n e n g ~ u i u ~ o n a u i i ~ u i u n ' ~ ~ u 3 7

0 ~ 3 ~ 1 3 ~ ~ L L T ~ ~ ~ M ~ ~ ~ R I V I M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ L L ~ ? 6~dn?3 i i ina iu~~ i~~o io~dn"#d nDMuiuntJ f l~~ t t f l nd idn"~EId1~~3

n?iuumndit.rtaii~npMu7uu~ia~ u n : n g ~ u i u ~ o n a w o ~ a ~ ~ u n r ; i ~ u ' a h < ~ l u u d'a $3 GlJU FID

1. n ~ i ~ u n n s i i ~ ~ a ~ ~ s b h ~ ~ i l d i ~ 6 K u w " u d ~i5t1$tmuu?1~ Q J ~ ~ R R ~ ~ L ~ ~ J - J Gad (distinction organique)

3 2. ~ ? l ~ b b ~ n ~ l d ~ i d i ~ ~ ~ 7 (distinction materielle) ~ l ~ m ? l u ~ J M u l u Vl30

inqd~:rr~n' ( BUT ) 3. n ~ i u ~ ~ n n d ~ ~ n 1 6 i u i i (diainction formell) ' *

m a a d 4. naiubbnniidni~Zi7uum?a (distinction de mkthode juridique)

Pa 0 5. n?iu ~~ndi~A~~md5$~7(distinction de philosophie)

;a ., 6. ~7i1~lb~nbllJ~b3dd~p101~7sl7~~111(distinction juridictionnelle)~~~:??

4 ~ 1 3 W f l ~ dd ,4' I. maiaiaandiaaosodn td~4'1~diilft~uwfa6 ~ ~ a ~ m l i u G f t ~ a a q m

Ati!u~a'oa ( distinction organique ) ndi?Wa

f l~HUlUUHI~ l4 ~ f b d a ~ d n n 3 a ~ ~ ~ i u i ~ d ? u ~ u ~ 6 r v " u ~ u d RQLUW i g ~ ~ u d l . a ' ~ ~ d a ~ n ' n i n s (organisation) l l ~ ~ ~ d f l ( l 3 o d M ~ O ~ U F I ? ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L M . J I ~ ~ I J ~ R ~ ' Q J rr~:h?iuthrkd~~~~i~~dnflfo~ir"~ej"od'b6dn~~o U U n d v f i o oio~fluadn'nmo~q n"u

" d'r: c .1 otdnruoa?' ~ ~ o o a n ' n r u o a i j ~ o i ~ r i i d u o ~ i ~ Curonau ~ ~ u u l u m u np4anULomu \.a'~d~~~~u~i(~~u~ii~u"u3:~i~~$o~1~dnna0~6~un"u

, (Ro~onaun"u~onru) l n u ~ d n n 3 a d r i l ~ u ~ i ~ i b d u ~ G o ~ $ ~ u -

2. maiuumndia~r~iiung~u1stonau a~mp4uiuumau niaRiu d'

6uDH1( distinction rnqterielle ) L L R ~ R I I U ~ J H U I U (BUT) ?mqd5ecl~d

ngHNiuuwqau puiuii~ " d n g ~ n m b M b n " ~ ~ ~ ~ u n ~ n u ~ l u ' o ~ n " u ~ r n 3 m d ~ e l u a r i (interet general) uocdsrainu np~uiuu~iauiin~iu~~t'lu~u~Ruan"~da::luad

rhur3uua~nuh" ld ~5'somnroldr:lsarl M i h g ~ u i u m s ~ ~ q j j d I f l u n g ~ u i u u~~au~~imnh~ainng~uium~Y"qqjAlung~uiu~onau ndi3Ao lungwuiu~onau$u ~ J ~ ~ ~ H J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q U ~ ~ Q J ~ T ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ M ~ ~ Y O J L E ~ ~ ~ ~ L L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

ngpuiulonnu ~ a i t l i i a ng~nmw'n"~~niud~de?~o~n"~d~::~uaU'vo~ banau (intdrt privd) n g l . r u i u ~ o n a ~ ~ r ~ u i u ! d k d . r : ~ ~ a ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ " T ~ ~ ~ ~ i : : ~ n n ~

C luL~n~uwu7u uie , 'iwqlt~t~udirsun~wu~u~~7m riu ngwutuun~ mno7%d 6uG7i ( Benoft ) u u u u r n i ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ u uncd ( Renna ) d~rtnfld~urrrrr i6aiu7df i 7 ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ k ~ U ~ ~ ~ 6 f i f i n l ~ d n ~ ~ ~ d n " ~ ~ d l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ Y !dil'il:b8~l%qnbl F4sJ"tJl~ lPiflf1I3 ~ i u n u u m i t b ~ : ~ i i ~ n ~ ~ u i u n d ~ ~ ~ " ~ ~ ~ f i ~ n i ~ ~ i 1 ~ u n i ~ ~ ~ o ~ o n r s u m ~ ~ n n ~ o ~ ~ o ~ ~ " 3 ~ JI 7 u a u ( Hj~C'iillCii n G Z 6 ~ n s w r 6 f p i n ) n g ~ u i u ~ i # ~ ~ & t u n n u ~ r i u f 3:aiir $a$cillnnsac ( bang% ) 6~trriiia~ C(6o~f ini~i~ani~urng~uiu bdud bwnrii ~ q j ~ i ~ b f i m o i n f i ~ n n u n i ~ d n n ~ ~ d u " ~ f i~nwm::dunndi~oin~qj~~d~fimo~nfl~iu

Cuw"t6ai:~a'i~~onaudo~ofi'11~63~n"tb~~ ndiqEo ~ a i u r v " u w " M ~ l . r i i ~ i ~ n a u d ~ ~ a n ~ u d

~ ~ J % L Q J $ u i c ~ u n a i n ~ w i c ~ 3 : ~ . i i r ~ ~ R n ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ I ~ : ~ ~ o ~ I L V ~ I L ~ ~ I I U ~ " ~ L L A = : ~ I J ~ I ~

~ J ~ ~ ~ J ~ ~ : W J ~ ' C ~ ~ : : ~ D U H ~ ~ ~ J ~ T : ~ ~ ~ M ' & ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ] Q ~ O ~ U L Q J klf~ K ~ W W $ ~ ~ Q ~ ~ : : ~ I T H ~ J Y o ~ n g ~ u i m ~ o n a w f i f i o nirr l i l~bf inn~iu~monif l~:~-~i ~ronaulkinfi~m~riidsrl l in 16

~ ~ d l u n ~ 1 ~ ~ u G t b ~ c 3 1 ~ d n n ~ ~ ~ B d ~ u ~ r ( u ~ u " o ~ n " ~ ~ ~ n a u ti.+ o:Ggnww G L R ~ ndi3do cl iul lnnro~di ~ i l u $ i a ~ G d ~ u i o ~ ~ ~ w ~ ~ i l , ~ ~ ~ n a u ( ~ o n A n 8 1 ~ Q o ~ o n a u ) M ~ E I iidl~1o~1~13nUjFiUY"qaibon~u~6 L M ~ ~ f l f i b ~ n t i i d i ~ ~ d n n ~ o ~ f i ~ ~ i d ~ u n i ~ d i ~ i i ~ n i ~ m s l r w b d a ~ ~ : I : u n C ~ o ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ u n a i u C u W " u 8 ~ : ~ i i ~ ~ i u ~ n n ~ o ~ n " ~ ~ o n a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n n d i ~ ~ i n n ~ i u C u w " ~ d ~ : ~ ~ i ~ ~ o n a u d ~ ~ o n a ~ 6 ~ u n " ~ 6 ~ z u n g ~ u i u d l ~ ~ ~ n ' u f i u

d U n ~ i u C ~ w i r 8 d d i u d n ~ 1 ~ o ~ f i ~ u ~ ~ u 3 . ~ ' ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ o ~ n n w m : ~ ~ m n ~ ~ ~ ~ i n n ~ ~ u i ~ ~ o n a u ~ ~ '

d7um~wm~7%d 567 b I L U : J ~ H ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ U ~ ~ S " H i~e3u7u1~~~11~7~~~mn~i7un'uOu Ifiiufm/uwu7u fifiqrhrrrod ( BUT) iraunauuriussudi7 u yw&g u r i n ~ ~ ~ n u m d o i o o ~ s o m m u ~ i u j j l K u y ~ 6 ~ : m o u ~ u o ~ n ~ i u n ' o ~ n i . r ~ ~ n : n ~ i ~ 4 i ~ O u ~ i ~ o r i i ~ ~ o ~ m ~ ! 6 6 ~ u wubo~~muni~ulj~~iun"ur~i bbn:~muniwar~rdduun"u ~~dfiBn?qu-51 b~u i~8 :n? iu6odn i~ ~i~ad~~efbonaubb~n~nddoiom DY H ~ O J ~ ~ L Q J ~ d 0 ~ ~ 1 i n ~ ~ u n ~ i ~ m n ~ ~ ~ ~ ( ~ i s n v o ~ ~ o n

auudnrnundo::~i!~miu~iw"~ bdu nir~a~n"ud~:bn~on:ni1?nwin~'7~~~~~u~fouvor

I Francis -Paul Benoit , Lc Droit Administratif Francair, Dalloz , 1968 . p. 56 - 57

l i i u ~ i i o , ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ a n i ~ u i ~ o r i i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ o n a u ~ a ~ o ~ n i s ~ i ~ w n r ~ ~ i l w a h b nstiitduiil: 1f ludo~uo~ddoariRlmsm: ( interet public ) ~ ~ a r s i n ~ ~ n l ~ u n l s r ~ ~ i d u o ~ i l l u d n RJOJ

a . p ~ ~ ? $ ~ l a ~ u n i s d i rf iunisuo~ronn~ 67ia n i s u m ~ ~ i w a d d o a r l d w 6? Ldu W B ~ ~ I ~ J ~ ~ a n i s f l i a i u ~ a u n ~ ~ o ~ a u ~ J I W U I J R ~ J ~ I S L L ~ ? J M I W R ~ ~ : ~ I I I $ ~ ~ U niuo~ronawrioioo:~fl~d~::lua$iad~u~~~n"I6 usi~drflurduIfu~mo~d

3. R ? ~ ~ L L ~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L L U Y ' U E I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U ~ H ~ ( distinction formell ) l o f l ~ H N l f l N H l % M il hwm=:~f lu%Y'~~u uar~linrdacIdIi (Imperative)

~ f l u ~ d d i k ~ ? o h $ i u lian-ii nisnszflidiu~fw? n h l o L ~ ~ n i 7 n 7 ~ d i d ~ ~ n n f l M d ~

I Jean Rivm , Droit Adminiseatif, Dalloz , 1977, P 10 - 11

P PPP

4. ~ ? i u ~ ~ o l n d i d W l d ~ i ~ ~ o l ? ~ (distinction de methode juridique ) ' Am-- wasnungmu7uumwrM ~ u i u 8 c uu?n?iuRnv ison i f i~n~7r6~d i~~f l~

s ~ u u ~ u i i ~ ? n i d ~ i u i r ~ ~ v o ~ n g ~ u i u u ~ i a u idu nisWn?rnnrfliJq~iTii~qluni~ n g ~ u i n ~ ~ i a u a t ~ r r u ~ n i ~ v o ~ n i s l n C ( a r l r i ~ i n g ~ u i s ~ o n a w u ~ l ~ ~ u 5 q ~ i d ~ ~ n u ' u

m u n g ~ u - f ~ u ~ i a u ' np~uiuu~i~uiilung~uiu~iifu~u'~~n'umm~mLi'nn djlni~rii' otnfisuntiz ~ ~ r r . ~ i ~ ~ i d u a ~ i ; n j ~ u 1 n u $ ~ ~ 6 d ~ r r i n g ~ u i u i ~ n s s ~ ~ ~ q ng~uiudn nrod ng~uiunisnnUJ Y W Y rBu6u

ii6a's"nwngmu7ulon%~ MuiuFiJ ~ r ~ ~ ? l ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 6 ~ d l J ~ f l u 3 ~ L I u ~ u iw~mdngwuiuronau ~ ~ r $ u l u ~ o ~ n ~ i u ~ w " ~ ~ ~ : : ~ i i ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ n ' ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ 6 ~ u n " u L$U

n a ~ u i u C ( u o u ~ u r r n r ~ i ~ u n ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ w ' ~ ~ & r ~ f i n g ~ n m w ' n i ~ n p ~ u ~ u r i ( u ~ n ' ~ n ? i u Y Lw'w~ni~nsouniirwsw~fiaMnroilw~du ng~u iur rv i~ i in iunso~~nY~ nisaoviu

r r~nrd~uuf i i r imr~u61 n~iuiuinni~nisrrvi~

5. ~ ? i u ~ ~ m n d i d k m d & ~ ~ ~ d s " ~ y i ( distinction de philosophie ) n i l ?

tia d ti6dr"%~7n7dngmu7uum7%~ MM $ddaa7~a~dazru~da7~7am~' nirwn

d a z ~ u % h o ~ t o n a ~ b ~ n ~ ~ ~ r r ~ ~ f i k ~ a ~ u a u ~ ~ ~ ~ o d d a ~ ~ u % d ~ a o d ~ ~ u ~ o h ~ u ~ h

Iudu: ~~n'?b~dnssii, CInssumiung~ui~l~onauo~nidnirCnEmr~uni~~~~~~"To~

ngwuiuuwiau n ~ w ~ i u s o n a ~ 4 w r r - 1. adh~wial(nnanlniuwr8uw'u6' rhri

i s ~ d l u ~ i u u o ~ i g ~di~GiC(uo~% 3~ ion 1. ynn~C(~4'iiit~guvjwf !$bin Lonaw n'u ~inawhnnir