Principles of Planning Lecture 1 (Principles-Historical ...

Principles of Planning

Lecture 1

(Principles-Historical Review)

BY MOHAMED AL ROZNAMACHY 2

Urban Planning

It is identifying suitable land-uses and their compatibility to achieve the

principle of sustainability and quality of life .


Architecture Urban Deign Urban Planning


Urban Planning Scale Whole neighborhoods,

districts & cities

Focusing Community Facilities & Utility

Space Treatment

Almost 2D

Time Frame

Long Term (5to 20 years)


Scale Spaces between buildings: streets, parks.

Focusing Aesthetic and functional

Space Treatment

3D

Time Frame

Short-term (<5 years)

Urban Deign


ArchitectureScale Individual building

Focusing Aesthetic and functional

Space Treatment

2D & 3D

Time Frame

Non Definite time frame


1. Babylon Era : Ziggurat, a temple in the core of the city, were simple raised

platforms . The top of the ziggurat was flat, unlike many pyramids.

Historical Review: Eras of Cities


Planning characteristics of

Babylon city :

1.Wide grid streets end in main gates

of the city.

2. Temples, royal palace, and

Ziggurats, located in the center of the

city.

3. Eight main streets with 8 main

gates.

4. About (10.000 P) lived in the city.

&Thick wall surrounded the city.


2. Egyptian Era :

Pharaonic City was

categorized based on

people’s conditions as:

• Royal city

• Commercial and

& Administrative Cities.

• Military Cities.

• Labor's Cities.

• Temples and tombs.



Pharaonic city :

1.Rectangular Blocks .

2.Temples and royal palace were in the

heart of the city.

3.Human scale was considered to determine

the distance between streets.


3. Greek Era:

- Environment, Climate, Nature, Philosophy were

the main parameters that had a big effect on their city

planning.

- The Agora was an open “Place of Assembly" in an

ancient Greek city. Early in Greek history citizens

gather in the agora for military duty or to hear

statements of the ruling king or council.

- Later, the Agora served as a marketplace where

merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their goods

under colonnades.



Greek city :

1. Gridded Greek cities were subdivided by a

system of wide main roads (Plateau) and

narrow streets (Steno poi).

- In most grids the streets intersected at right

angles (orthogonal grids).

2. Boundary walls built to match the

topography.

3. Temples built on highest points of the city

and oriented to East


4. Roman Era:

The Roman Forum was the political and economical center of Rome during the

Republic.



Roman city :

1.Regular grid network system.

2. Two-main streets divide/split the city into 4

zones.

3.Squares/rectangular zones: measurement

unit (120) Sq.ft.

4. Forum acts similar to the agora in Greek

Era.

5.Symmetrical Zones.

6. Public Buildings were located in the center.

7. Boundary walls were constructed regardless

the topography.


5. Europe Era :


Europe cities

1-Different cities found as

follows:

•A city was gradually developed

because of its location.

Vincie City, Torino (Italy) ,

Mannheim, Rothenberg

(Germany) ,


2. A city was developed upon

Roman City, but the regular Roman

streets disappeared.

- CHESTER CITY (England) &

- KREUZNCH CITY(Germany).


3. A city with non-straight streets.

- ROTFIL(Italy) and Newburgh

city (UK)


4. A city with main 3-parallel

streets.

- Bern City (Switzerland )


5. A city with radial and ring

roads.

-NORDLINGEN City (Germany)


6. A city with circular form but straight streets.

- GRASEE City, STRASBOURG City (France)


6. Islamic Era :

Planning characteristics of Islamic

cities

1-Different Adjacent court-house

buildings.

2-The market (Souq) in the heart of the

city. It was designed to not allow vehicles

to enter the city. (Non-wide streets)

3-Mosque with a huge open space located

in the heart of the city.


6. Islamic Era :


Islamic cities

4- Protecting boundary.

5-The castle in the heart of the city.

6- Arcades offer nice accessibility

and shadowed spaces.


6. Renaissance Era :

Planning characteristics of Renaissance cities Alberti’s Planning Theory:

1. Location selection: water, wind, natural resources

2. Streets, public spaces, boundaries, canals, bridges, etc cover the city.

3. City size and public spaces: appropriate.

4. Streets inside the city curved and end in an important element.

5. Classify the city into residential and industrial zones; also the

residential into different zones based on people's ranks.

6. The Church (religious activities) in the heart and has best shape and

wide surrounding streets.


7.Streets cross the city should

be protected.

8. Plaza best proportion is

6:3:1 (Length: width: Height)

Thank you

27

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