Principles of Perception
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Transcript of Principles of Perception
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PRINCIPLES OF PERCEPTION
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Perceptual Inference• Definition: When we fill-in holes between our sensations
to develop a perception.• Perceptual Inference depends on experience
• Ex. Our brain helps cover movie goofs / continuity errors
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Gestalt• A pattern formed based on organizing bits of info into
more meaningful wholes• Ex. The story of the blind men and the elephant.
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Gestalt Principles• Closure: we “close” open objects
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Gestalt Principles• Continuity: More likely to continue patterns, rather than
disrupted ones
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Gestalt Principles• Similarity: Similar objects are grouped, dissimilar ones
stick out.
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Gestalt Principles• Proximity: Objects close together are perceived as one
object
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Figure-Ground Perception• An object is separated from its background• Visually, one area is dark, other is lighter.• Hearing, able to pick out a melody from the rest of the
song, one person’s voice in a crowd.
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Figure-Ground
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Learning to Perceive • Senses are Nature, Perception Acquisition is nurture.
• Ex. Babies learn to perceive the difference between a human face and a blank oval.
• Needs and wants will make us more likely to perceive objects• Ex. hungry people can more readily perceive food.
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Constancy• We perceive objects the same way, regardless of changes
in conditions• Ex. A stapler is perceived as being the same even if lighting and
your angle towards it are different.
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Illusions• Incorrect perceptions, misrepresenting physical stimuli
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Illusions• The legendary works of M.C. Esher
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ESP (Extrasensory Perception)• The belief that humans have additional senses beyond
the ones we readily acknowledge• Ex. speaking to the dead, etc.