Principles of Connective tissue coveringsConnective tissue ... · 18_07a 18_07b Lumbar plexus...
Transcript of Principles of Connective tissue coveringsConnective tissue ... · 18_07a 18_07b Lumbar plexus...
CHAPTER 17The Spinal Cord and the Spinal Nerves
Copyright © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Principles ofHuman Anatomy
Eleventh EditionGerard J. Tortora
&
Mark T. Nielsen
Connective tissue coveringsConnective tissue coverings
Bony VertebraeBony VertebraeMeningesMeningesDura MaterDura MaterSubdural space Subdural space –– interstitial fluidinterstitial fluid
ArachnoidArachnoid MaterMaterSubarachnoid space Subarachnoid space -- CSFCSF
PiaPia MaterMater
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Cross section of spinal cordCross section of spinal cord
Sensory & Motor TractsSensory & Motor Tracts 18_04a18_04a
ReflexesReflexes Spinal ReflexesSpinal Reflexes
Cranial ReflexesCranial Reflexes
Somatic reflexesSomatic reflexes
Autonomic reflexesAutonomic reflexes
Spinal reflex componentsSpinal reflex components ReceptorReceptor
Sensory neuronSensory neuron
Integrating centerIntegrating center
Motor neuronMotor neuron
EffectorEffector
18_1218_12 Anatomy of a NerveAnatomy of a Nerve
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Cervical PlexusCervical Plexus
PhrenicPhrenic nervenerveSupplies the Supplies the diaphramdiaphram
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18_06b18_06b Brachial PlexusBrachial Plexus MusculocutaneousMusculocutaneous n. n.
Flexors of the forearmFlexors of the forearm Radial n.Radial n.
Muscles of the back of the arm and forearmMuscles of the back of the arm and forearm Median n.Median n.
Flexors of forearm & muscles of lateral palm; skin of Flexors of forearm & muscles of lateral palm; skin of lateral 2/3 of palm & fingerslateral 2/3 of palm & fingers
UlnarUlnar n.n. Flexor Flexor carpicarpi unlnarusunlnarus & flexor dig. & flexor dig. profundusprofundus,; most ,; most
muscles of hand; skin on medial hand; little finger & muscles of hand; skin on medial hand; little finger & medial medial ½½ of ring fingerof ring finger
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Lumbar plexusLumbar plexus
Femoral n.Femoral n. Thigh flexors & extensors; skin over Thigh flexors & extensors; skin over
anterior & medial thigh , medial leg & footanterior & medial thigh , medial leg & foot
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Sacral plexusSacral plexus
Sciatic n.Sciatic n. 2 nerves 2 nerves –– tibialtibial & common & common peronealperoneal in in
one sheathone sheath Largest nerve in the bodyLargest nerve in the body
PudendalPudendal n.n.Muscles of perineumMuscles of perineum Skin of penis and Skin of penis and scotumscotumClitoris, labia Clitoris, labia majoramajora & vagina& vagina
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Dermatomes & Dermatomes & MyotomesMyotomes
DermatomeDermatome An area of the skin that provides An area of the skin that provides
sensory sensory imputimput from a pair of spinal from a pair of spinal nerves.nerves.
MyotomeMyotome All muscles innervated by motor All muscles innervated by motor
neurons from a single spinal segment. neurons from a single spinal segment. These usually underlie the dermatomes.These usually underlie the dermatomes.
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Spinal Nerve MnemonicSpinal Nerve Mnemonic
I ate one dozen live wives one Tuesday.I ate one dozen live wives one Tuesday.
31 letters for 31 spinal nerves31 letters for 31 spinal nerves 8 cervical 8 cervical 12 thoracic12 thoracic 5 lumbar5 lumbar 5 sacral5 sacral 1 1 coccygealcoccygeal
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Learning Objectives
Discuss the connective tissue coverings of the central nervous system (CNS) and the spaces and fluids surrrounding them
Discuss the enlargements, the conusmedularis and the cauda equina in relations to the spinal cord
Numbers of spinal nerves in each region Discuss each nerve plexus their
originations and the major nerves within each as well as what they innervate
Learning Objectives Discuss the cross-sectional anatomy of
the spinal cord as well as functional associations of each area
Describe the functional arrangement of the gray matter in the spinal cord
Describe the anatomy of spinal nerves and roots as well as the dorsal root ganglion
Discuss the components of a spinal reflex arc
Learning Objectives
List the different types of reflexes Describe the knee jerk reflex Define dermatomes and myotomes