Principles of Communication

Chapter 7: Non-Verbal Communication II

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SCOPE

• Chapter 7 Lecture and Discussion:• Physical Appearance• Proxemics• Haptics• Gestures and Posture• Chronemics

• Chapter 7 Case Study• Instructor Review• Student Q&A

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7.3 Physical Appearance

• Physical appearance is how people look, what they wear, and their level of attractiveness.

• There are many different ways of judging someone by their appearance. Look at some of these examples…

• Who do you think is professional? • Who is caring?• Who is confident?

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What do you assume about these people?

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What do you assume about these people?

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7.4 Proximity (Proxemics)

• Proxemics, or personal space, refers to the space an individual maintains around him or herself.

• Culture is important… in the USA, people

prefer the “personal” or “social” zone

because it is an individualist culture.

Asian cultures are more collectivist and

people prefer the

“intimate” zone.

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7.4 Proximity (Proxemics)

MY PERSONAL SPACE

MY COMFORT ZONE

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7.4 Proximity (Proxemics)

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7.5 Gestures & Postures• Gestures are the movements of the hands

(sometimes head, face or eyes) we use to help communicate our thoughts.

Types Examples

Which are ‘speech independent’ and ‘speech dependent’?

Illustrators 1. Holding up two fingers and saying “She called twice.”

2. Used with a verbal message that would lack meaning without the words

1. Pounding your fist in anger2. Habitual gestures that help manage and

express emotions

Adaptors

Emblems(symbolic)

1. Making the okay sign2. Expresses the same meaning as a word in a

particular culture

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7.5 Gestures & Postures• Gestures are the movements of the hands

we use to help communicate our thoughts.

Which type of gesture has the following characteristics?

A. Has the same meaning as a word?

B. Used with a verbal message that would lack meaning without the word?

C. Habitual action that helps manage and express emotions?

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7.5 Gestures & Postures

• Be careful of cultural differences in gestures…

What is Kinesics?

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7.5 Gestures & PosturesPostures are similar to gestures, but use other parts of our body.

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7.5 Gestures & Postures

• Other body postures and gestures to be aware of…

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7.6 Touch (Haptics)

• Touch is the physical act of placing a part of your body on someone else’s body.

• Culture is very important in touch…• USA: handshake is common (even for strangers), hugs, cheek kisses for

those of opposite gender or of family (usually).

• Islamic and Hindu: typically don’t touch with the left hand. Mannerly in India to break your bread only with your right hand.

• Islamic: cultures generally don’t approve of any touching between genders, but consider such touching between same-sex to be appropriate.

• Many Asians don’t touch the head (Head houses the soul and a touch puts it in jeopardy).

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7.7 Chronemics

• Chronemics is the technical term for understanding how time is managed based on personality, education, and culture.

• There are four main focus points • for chronemics:

• Governance (how you use time)

• Culture (how culture affects governance)

• Tools (transmitters and receivers)

• Resources (channels and noise)

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7.7 Chronemics

• Time perception and uses affect:• punctuality • lifestyle• daily agendas• speed of speech• movements• how long people are willing to listen

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7.7 Chronemics

• M-Type – Mono-chronic Orientation• People who are Mono-chronic:

• One task at a time• Value time• Work by schedule• Time can be spent• Time should be conserved / protected• Time can be wasted

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7.7 Chronemics

• P-Type – Poly-chronic Orientation• People who are Poly-chronic:

• Can multi-task• Value time less• No sense in waiting attitude• Don’t consider time as ‘wasted’ if gone• “I’ll get there when I can.”

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BREAK!

• Now, take a 30-minute break and then return to the class to work on your term paper focus.

• Enjoy!

Take a break!

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Case Study Review

• Take 15-minutes to compare your case study summaries with a partner and create a revised idea to present.

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Handout Review

• You will now be given a handout with comprehension questions.

• Use the book and the notes you’ve taken to answer the questions as best as possible.

• You have 45-minutes to complete the handouts and return them to the instructor at the end of class.

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HOMEWORK!

• Go to the copy shop next to the canteen and get a copy of Unit 8: Relationships.

• Read Unit 8 and complete sections 8.1 Key Vocabulary and Chapter 8 Review: Case Study.