Principles of Child Development. Activity How children view the world.
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Transcript of Principles of Child Development. Activity How children view the world.
Theories of Child Development
Psychologists define theory as a guide to help explain behavior.
Many theories are available about how children learn and process.
Erickson, Piaget, Vygotsky and Gardner
12 Principles of Child Development
Development and learning are complex and no one theory is sufficient.
Principles should be considered when making decisions about children
General principles taken from a review of the early childhood literature
Principle 1: Interrelatedness
Development in one domain influences and is influenced by development in other domains
Principle 2: Orderly Sequence
Development occurs in a relatively orderly sequence, with later abilities, skills, and knowledge building on those already acquired
Principle 3: Varying Rates
Development proceeds at varying rates from child to child as well as unevenly within different areas of each child’s functioning
Principle 4: Biological and Environmental
Development and learning result from interaction of biological maturation and the environment
Principle 5: Long Term Effects
Early experiences have both cumulative and delayed effects on individual children’s development; optimal periods exist for certain types of development and learning
Principle 6: Increasing Complexity
Development proceeds in predictable directions toward greater complexity, organization, and internalization
Principle 7: Needs Met
Children develop and learn best in the context of a community where they are safe and valued, their physical needs are met, and they feel psychologically secure.
Principle 8: Social and Cultural Influence
Development and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts
Principle 9: Active Learners
Children learn in variety of ways and with a wide range of teaching strategies and interactions.
Principle 10: Play
Play is an important vehicle for children’s development, as well as a reflection of their development
Principle 11: Practice and Challenge
Development advances when children have opportunities to practice newly acquired skills as well as when they experience a challenge just beyond the level of their present mastery
Principle 12: Experiences Affect Learning and Development
Children demonstrate different modes of knowing and learning and different ways of representing what they know
National Indicators of Children’s Well-Being
Many interconnected aspects of children’s well-being.
Indicators of influence resulting in a child being well-adjusted, economically secure, productive, educated and healthy.
Child Development: Principles, Theories, &
Indicators
Basic child development information is fundamental to everyone’s well-being.
Helps professionals make sound decisions about care and education.
Understanding P, T, and I assist in interpreting experiences and milestones.