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• Texture•Colour• Tone•Direction•Proportion•Solid and Void

•Form and Shape

Consider materials such as stone,

glass and steel. They are available ina variety of colours, tones, textures,shapes, proportions, etc. Variouscompositions of these materialproperties are possible

 The challenge lies in arising at themost pleasing composition.

 The principle of Unity deals !ithvisual composition in design.

Composition means the relationshipbet!een the visual elements.

y Elements of Unity

UNITY

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 The !ord texture generally refers to theappearance and feel of a surface.1o!ever, it could also mean the physicalcomposition or structure of something,especially !ith respect to its si3e, shapeand arrangement of its parts.

variety of textures can be seen inthe roofs, !alls and paving.Strongly identi4able shapes in

roofs and battered !alls are seenas repeated units, presenting ade4nite and distinguishable feel ofthe surface.

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niel%oreno 6 Texture7architecture

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Photonic Centre, Berlin

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D i r e c t i o n(n most buildings, these are strongelements that suggest vertical andhori3ontal direction.

 The total shape of the building, or parts of thebuilding or its structural components :beam,column, !all, ceiling etc; its !indo!s and otheropenings all suggest the direction.

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P$-*D$S:The height at the she9ara represents connection bet!een earth and heaven ;

 

$+D "&& T*0"S *F $ C12C1

0TC T*0"S:Central businessdistrictCommercial importanceising economy ;

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VERTICAL CITIES

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Proportionproportion is the geometric relationship of the sides of volumes

(t is also the ratio and comparative si3e of individual parts of the

composition

Ducal Palace, Urbino, Pa

0e cannot measure these relationships accurately by eye, but !e can compare themand try to ?udge the relationship of one to another on proportional basis.

P*P*T(*+Proportion is largely a matter of relationships(t is evident by a comparison, !hich the eye ma9es bet!een the si3e, shape and toneof the various ob?ects or parts of a composition

 There are certain geometrical shapes !ith good proportion such as the circle, triangleand s@uare.

 They are dominant shapes in a composition and for that reason should be used foraccents.

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A.Proportion is largely a matter of relationships.B. (t is evident by a comparison, !hich the eyema9es bet!een the si3e, shape and tone of the

various ob?ects or parts of a composition..There are certain geometrical shapes !ith goodproportion such as the circle, triangle and s@uare.. The eye ?udges them @uic9ly and classi4es

them !ith no di>culty.E.They are dominant shapes in a composition andfor that reason should be used for accents.

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D*%" *F F&*"+C" !hich is thelargest dome at orence.

Ducal Palace, Urbino,Paris illustrates the concept of unitythrough proportions

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$bsolute proportion6 parts of the ob?ect or the !hole to the various parts

relative proportion G parts of the ob?ect as it is

* S S * * * - * C S S S * S *

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P*P*T(*+ (+ T1"%S *F $C*2ST(CSA. 0e cannot measure these relationships accurately

by eye, but !e can compare them and try to ?udgethe relationship of one to another on proportionalbasisB. uildings belonging to Classical and -othic$rchitecture have better proportional relationshipsthan most buildings today

 Types of proportion

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SOLID & VOID The relationship bet!een solid :!alls, roofs, etc;and void :!indo!s and other openings; structuralunits is very important to form a goodcomposition.Form and shape can be clearly observed in the

overall arrangement of a building or in parts of abuilding :!indo!s, doors etc; !hich havegeometric shapes. epetition or variation of aparticular form can provide strong elements ofcomposition.

 The relationship bet!een solid :!alls,roofs, etc; and void :!indo!s andother openings; structural units isvery important to form a goodcompositionsho!s the relationship bet!een solid

and void structural units. (n thisstructure, the dominance of solid

(ts uni@ue 4ve6storey exterior is alsoa9in to the honeycomb of the beehive

!ith its HE small !indo!s called ?haro9has that are decorated !ith

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharokhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latticeworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharokha

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FORM & SHAPE

Form and Shape Form and shape can be clearly observed in the overall arrangement of abuilding or in parts of a building :!indo!s, doors etc; !hich have geometricshapes. epetition or variation of a particular form can provide strong

elements of composition

Parts of a building, for example, !indo!s depicting form represent geometricshapes such as a s@uare or a rectangle. epetition of a !indo! unit form agood element of composition.

Shape helps to identify di8erent forms, for example, the pitch of a roof !illprovide a certain form !hich is easy to identify and also easy to relate to

venetian colonnades that give ane8ect of corridor space

united court housererepeating !indo!s