Principles of Animal Diseases. Non-Infectious Disease Causes Faulty nutrition- ration is not...
-
Upload
naomi-chapman -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
1
Transcript of Principles of Animal Diseases. Non-Infectious Disease Causes Faulty nutrition- ration is not...
Principles of Animal Diseases
Non-Infectious Disease Causes
Faulty nutrition- ration is not balanced
Metabolic disorder- not adequately digested
Trauma- wounds or injuries
Non-Infectious Disease Causes
Toxic substances- poisonous materials such as chemicals, plants, snakes and spiders
Congenital defects- birth defects
Cattle diseases
Brucellosis- causes abortion during last half of pregnancy, afterbirth retention or sterility
Cattle diseases
Shipping fever- complex with many symptoms such as closed eyes, fever, coughing, diarrhea, or discharge from nose and is more common in young cattle during times of stress such as shipping
Cattle diseases
Many others such as pinkeye, leptospirosis, foot rot, scours, and blackleg
Pink eye:
http://www.agric.nsw.gov.au/reader/1093#Diagnosis
Swine diseases
TGE: transmissible gastroenteritis- caused by a very contagious virus that has symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, with white, yellow or green feces and kills almost 100% of baby pigs infected
Coronaviridae
http://www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/WWW/335/Coronaviruses.html
Swine diseases
Pseudorabies: caused by a virus that has symptoms of fever, vomiting, convulsions, tremors, and causes sudden death of young pigs within 24 hours of appearance of symptoms
Swine diseases
Many others including brucellosis, cholera (now eradicated in US), swine dysentery (scours), leptospirosis, MMA, mycoplasmal pneumonia, SMEDI
Poultry diseases
Aortic rupture- an artery in male turkeys between 8 and 20 weeks ruptures and turkey bleeds to death
Poultry diseases
Newcastle disease is caused by viruses and ahs symptoms of gasping for air, sneezing, breathing difficulties, tremors, and paralysis
Poultry diseases
Avian pox (Fowl pox) is caused by a virus and has symptoms of yellow cankers in the mouth and eyes, scabs around the head
Many others including coccidiosis, bluecomb, blackhead, fowl cholera, and erysipelas
Treatments
Prevention is the best way to control disease Cleanliness Vaccination Quarantine sick animals Avoid exposure to disease Isolate new animals
Treatments
Sanitation and good health management practices are important because some diseases have no treatments
Cattle that have brucellosis must be slaughtered and disposed of properly
Treatments
The recommended treatment for cattle with shipping fever is the use of antibiotics and sulfa drugs
Treatment for scours or swine dysentery is the use of one of the recommended drugs in the drinking water
Treatments
Drugs and vaccines are not effective in controlling and treating TGE and pseudorabies in swine
Aortic rupture in turkeys is prevented by using a lower-energy ration and low-level use of tranquilizers
Treatments
Avian or fowl pox and Newcastle disease have no known cures
Coccidiosis-treated with Coccidiostats Antibiotics are used to treat other
poultry diseases including Ulcerative Enteritis, Chronic Respiratory Disease, Bluecomb, and Avian Influenza
External Parasites
Ticks- blood suckers Lice- blood suckers and biting Mites- cause mange Blowfly- screwworm in larval stage Heel fly- cattle grub Horn fly- smallest bloodsucking
species Other flies- house, horse, stable
External parasites
Tick Louse Mite
www.encarta.msn.com
Internal parasites
Roundworms- stomach worms, ascarids, pinworms, bloodworms, lungworms
Tapeworms- broad tapeworm, beef or pork tapeworm
Flukes
Major problems
Other than death, the most costly result of internal parasites in cattle, swine, and poultry is weight loss or reduced gains
The major external parasites of swine are lice and mites
Major problems
Most external parasites of birds or poultry lower production by sucking blood
Heel fly or cattle grubs cause large financial losses in cattle by lowering rate of gain and damage hides and meat
Major problems
The major internal parasites of poultry are several types of worms
Roundworms cause the most damage of any internal parasites for hogs
Controlling Parasites
The most effective method of control is prevention
Chemicals are the most common method of controlling external parasites
Controlling parasites
Systemic insecticides that spread throughout the animal’s body is the most effective way to treat the heel fly which causes cattle grubs
Controlling parasites
Deworming pregnant sows and gilts a week before farrowing kills the worms and prevents baby pigs from getting worms from their mother’s manure
Controlling parasites
Mites, bedbugs and fowl ticks hide in cracks and crevices in poultry houses during daylight, and those places must be sprayed with approved chemicals during daylight
Controlling parasites
Poultry raised in confinement in cages have little problems with worms
Chemical, mechanical, biological and cultural methods are used to reduce losses from livestock and poultry parasites
THE END!!!