primary source

• First person account by someone who actually saw or lived through the event.

• Examples: diaries, journals, photographs, eyewitness reports, letters, and autobiographies

Which is a Primary source for evidence that Columbus sailed to find

a new route to the Indies in 1492?A. A painting showing Columbus landing in the

New WorldB. A letter from the current ambassador from

Spain describing the voyageC. A television show about the explorations of

ColumbusD. A diary entry written by a crew member aboard

Columbus’ ship

Answer: D. A diary entry written by a crew member aboard Columbus’ ship

Which source would provide an archaeologist with a

primary source of information about Pre-Columbian Indians

who settled in North America? A. A social studies textbookB. Artifacts left by IndiansC. An interview with a historian who specializes in

early American culturesD. An article about the Indians in an encyclopedia

Answer: B. Artifacts left by Indians

culture

• A way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs

What term best describes the study of a nation’s ideas, customs, and

values?

A. Politics

B. Economics

C. Culture

D. Science

Answer: C. Culture

Culture may best be defined as

A. The care and protection of natural resources B. The complete natural surroundings of a

civilizationC. The interaction and relationship between

different civilizationsD. The customs, traditions, and whole way of life

of a people

Answer: D. The customs, traditions, and whole way of life of a people

What is the main reason why we study other cultures?

A. To better understand people and how they live

B. To learn about other nations so we can better defend our own

C. To learn how to make other nations more like our own

D. To develop markets for American products

Answer: A. To better understand people and how they live

Iroquois

• Eastern Woodlands region- (New York State)

• People of the long house• formed political system that made them

unique- for unity and peace (SCOOM)

Which of the following did the Iroquois lack?

A. Written alphabets

B. A system of trade

C. A system of traditions

D. Formal educational systems

Answer: A. Written alphabets

In an Iroquois culture, which of the following is an accurate statement

about family life?

A. Men are assigned the most unpleasant household tasks

B. A bride moves in with her husband’s family

C. A child is given his mother’s family nameD. Family leadership falls to the oldest male

Answer: C. A child is given his mother’s family name

longitude

• Distance east or west of the Prime Meridian

What do lines of longitude measure?

A. Relative location of placesB. ElevationC. Distances east and west from the Prime

MeridianD. Distances north and south from the

Equator

Answer: C. Distances east and west from the Prime Meridian

The time at any location is dependent upon the

A. Latitude of the location

B. Climate of the location

C. Longitude of the location

D. Earth’s revolution on its axis

Answer: C. Longitude of the location

What would a person use to determine if they were east or west

of the Prime Meridian?

A. Longitude

B. Latitude

C. A compass

D. A sundial

Answer: A. Longitude

latitude

• Distance north or south of the Equator

What do lines of latitude measure?

A. Relative location of placesB. ElevationC. Distances east and west from the Prime

MeridianD. Distances north and south from the

Equator

Answer: D. Distances north and south from the Equator

What are the imaginary lines that measure distance north and south

of the Equator called?A. Lines of longitude

B. Lines of latitude

C. Meridians

D. Degrees

Answer: B. Lines of latitude

What geographic units of measurement should be used to

find the exact location of any place on the Earth?

A. Longitude and the time

B. Longitude and latitude

C. Distance from the Equator and the season

D. Distances from the Prime Meridian and the Equator.

Answer: B. Latitude and longitude

What is the purpose of longitude and latitude?

A. To show relative distance

B. To compare vegetation zones

C. To divide the world into regions

D. To determine exact locations

Answer: D. To determine exact locations

Which of the following would you use to find the exact location of a

place?

A. Latitude and longitude

B. A map

C. The Prime Meridian

D. The Equator

Answer: A. Latitude and longitude

map scale

• A measuring line that helps you determine distance on a map

What is the purpose of the map scale?

A. To show different land areas

B. To show latitude and longitude

C. To show distances in miles or kilometers

D. To show the Tropic of Capricorn and the Prime Meridian

Answer: C. To show distances in miles or kilometers

Which part of the map helps you to read distances?

A. Relief

B. Scale

C. Elevation

D. Directional arrow

Answer: B. Scale

Inca

• Largest of the early American civilizations which was located in South America

• Religious ceremonies• Built Machu Picchu

The Incas believed that their emperor was a descendent of what

god?

A. Sun god

B. Moon god

C. Star good

D. Pyramid god

Answer: A. Sun god

Where was Incan civilization located?

A. Central Mexico

B. South America

C. Southern Mexico

D. Guatemala

Answer: B. South America

What was the capital city of the Incan empire, nicked named the

“golden city”?

A. Cuzco

B. Lima

C. Machu Picchu

D. Tenochtitlan

Answer: A. Cuzco

For what purpose did the Incas carve terraces into the steep

mountainsides?

A. To create plateaus on which to farm

B. To provide protection from invasion

C. To make the mountain easier to climb

D. To create locations closer to the Sun on which to worship their god

Answer: A. To create plateaus on which to farm

Aztec

• A great civilization that was a military empire that was located in Central and Southern Mexico

• Built one of the greatest cities in the world Tenochtitlan

Where was the Aztec civilization located?

A. Central Mexico

B. Southern Mexico

C. Western Coast of South America

D. Guatemala

Answer: A. Central Mexico

What was the capital city of the Aztec empire?

A. Cuzco

B. Tenochtitlan

C. Tikal

D. Machu Picchu

Answer: B. Tenochtitlan

Which of the following was not an achievement of the Aztec

civilization?A. Astronomy

B. man-made waterways

C. The calendar

D. The compass

Answer: D. The compass

Which of the following was an agricultural technique used by the

Aztec?A. Floating gardens

B. Cold storage

C. Mountain terraces

D. Crop rotation

Answer: A. Floating gardens

According to their religion, the Aztecs believed that the successful journey of the sun across the sky

requiredA. Bartering

B. Strong winds

C. Human sacrifice

D. Taxation of people

Answer: C. Human sacrifice

Which native peoples were conquered by Cortes and his

conquistadors?

A. Incas

B. Mayan

C. Aztecs

D. Iroquois

Answer: C. Aztecs

Maya

• An ancient civilization that once lived in Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras

• Ruled by religious leaders• Created the 365 day calendar• System of trade• Form of writing

Where was the Mayan civilization located?

A. Southern Mexico and Guatemala

B. Central Mexico

C. Peru

D. Western Coast of South America

Answer: A. Southern Mexico and Guatemala

In which of the following types of environments did the Mayan

civilization flourish?A. Desert

B. Mountains

C. Rainforest

D. Plains

Answer: C. Rainforest

Which of the following was the main crop of the Mayan civilization?A. Coconuts

B. Corn

C. Wheat

D. Sugar

Answer: B. Corn

Which of the following was an achievement of the Mayan

civilization?

A. The ruler

B. The compass

C. The calendar

D. The pistol

Answer: C. The calendar

Which of the following was not an achievement of the Mayan

civilization?

A. The ruler

B. The calendar

C. A system of hieroglyphics

D. An advanced number system

Answer: A. The ruler

Iroquois Confederacy

• A powerful group of Native Americans in the eastern part of the United States made up of five nations: Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida.

• Promoted peace

Why was the Iroquois Confederacy formed?

A. To establish peace between the five tribes

B. to create a system of free trade

C. To establish common rules and regulations for all tribes

D. To establish treaties with white colonial government

Answer: A. To establish peace between the five tribes

What was the sixth nation to join the Iroquois Confederacy?

A. Tuscaroras

B. Onondagas

C. Hurons

D. Algonkians

Answer: A. Tuscaroras

An important accomplishment of the Iroquois Confederacy was the

A. Adoption of a two-house legislationB. Establishment of a political union of

member nationsC. Selection of a women to be chiefD. Development of a trading partnership

with the Algonuins

Answer: B. Establishment of a political union of member nations

matrilineal

• A society that traces its ancestors through the mothers side of the family

• Child is given the mothers family name• the women held power and made

decisions for the people.• Chose and elected and removed chiefs• Owned houses

What term refers to a society which traces its ancestors through the

female line?A. Extended

B. Matrilineal

C. Traditional

D. Patrilineal

Answer: B. Matrilineal

Columbian Exchange

• Exchange of goods, ideas, and people between Europe and the Americas

How did the Columbian Exchange negatively affect Native Americans?A. Many south American natives were sent to

Europe as slavesB. It decreased trade between Europe and the

AmericasC. Many South American Native tribes moved to

CanadaD. It introduces many new deadly diseases.

Answer: D. It introduces many new deadly diseases.

What is the Columbian Exchange?

A. The sharing of goods between the European and South American cultures

B. The switching of gold coins for paper currencyC. The huge migration of Europeans to the

AmericasD. The purchasing of land from Native Americans

by Europeans

• Answer: A. The sharing of goods between the European and South American cultures

result of Columbus discoveries

• European nations were encouraged to explore the Americas

• The development of colonial empires

Which of the following was a result of Christopher Columbus’s voyage

to the Americas?A. People began moving from South America to

EuropeB. European nations were encouraged to explore

the AmericasC. European powers lost interest in trade with the

OrientD. Asians began to trade with Native Americans

Answer: B. European nations were encouraged to explore the Americas

What was a result of the European discoveries of new lands in America

and the far East?

A. France became a world power

B. The development of colonial empires

C. An all-water trade route from the West

D. The explorations of Lewis and Clark

Answer: B. The development of colonial empires