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![Page 1: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks
Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks
Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology
Zhipeng CaiGeorgia State University
Jing Selena HeKennesaw State University
![Page 2: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Introduction
Primary Users (PUs)
Secondary Users (SUs)
![Page 3: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Introduction• Problem
– Routing
– Scheduling
• Motivation– Primary users’ activities follow some social patterns
– The primary network consisting of cell phone users is more active during [10am – 10pm] compared with other time slots
– The primary activity (cell phone users) is heavier during [9am – 5pm] in the business area while heavier during [6pm – 11pm] in the residential area
• Contribution– Primary social behavior-aware whitespace analysis
– ε-optimal joint routing and scheduling algorithm
– Distributed joint routing and scheduling framework
![Page 4: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Outline
• Introduction and Motivation• System Model• Social Behavior Analysis of PUs• Joint Routing and Time-domain Scheduling • Distributed Solution• Simulation• Conclusion
![Page 5: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
System Model• Primary Network
– N Poisson distributed PUs with density of λ
– Transmission and interference radii: R and RI
– The network time is slotted with each time slot of length τ
• Secondary Network– n i.i.d. SUs
– Transmission and interference radii: r and rI
• Problem – Study how to route and schedule the data transmission for a set of communication
sessions within time T
![Page 6: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Outline
• Introduction and Motivation• System Model• Social Behavior Analysis of PUs• Joint Routing and Time-domain Scheduling • Distributed Solution• Simulation• Conclusion
![Page 7: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Social Behavior Analysis of PUs
The utilization of primary spectrum is inefficient!
Q1: how does the spectrum whitespace/opportunity distribute over time?Q2: how to utilize primary spectrum effectively and meanwhile minimizing harmful impacts on primary activities?
![Page 8: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Social Behavior Analysis of PUs• MIT Reality Trace
– 97 mobile device holders, 114046 Bluetooth contacts spanning 246 days
• UCSD Trace– 275 mobile device holders, 123335 WiFi contacts spanning 77 days
![Page 9: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Social Behavior Analysis of PUs
• The probability that a PU is active during the t-th time slot
• The available whitespace for a secondary link
![Page 10: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Outline
• Introduction and Motivation• System Model• Social Behavior Analysis of PUs• Joint Routing and Time-domain Scheduling • Distributed Solution• Simulation• Conclusion
![Page 11: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Joint Routing and SchedulingMaximize a scaling factor κ such that each session l can achieve a data transmission rate of at least κγ(l)
Scheduling
Routing
Flow Balance Constraint
Capacity Constraint
Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Program (MINLP)
![Page 12: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Joint Routing and Scheduling
MINLP P
Linearized version of P
Divide P into two subproblems
Solution
![Page 13: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Outline
• Introduction and Motivation• System Model• Social Behavior Analysis of PUs• Joint Routing and Time-domain Scheduling • Distributed Solution• Simulation• Conclusion
![Page 14: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Distributed Solution• Forwarding Sector
• Forwarding score
– Prefers the next-hop such that it is closer to the destination, more available bandwidth, less interference, and less traffic
![Page 15: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Distributed Solution
![Page 16: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Outline
• Introduction and Motivation• System Model• Social Behavior Analysis of PUs• Joint Routing and Time-domain Scheduling • Distributed Solution• Simulation• Conclusion
![Page 17: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Simulation• Settings
– Time slot: 1min
– One periodical size: 24 hours = 1440 time slots
– By default: W = 100, N = 100, n = 500, session# = 6, ……
• Comparison– Coolest (ICDCS’11): a spectrum mobility-aware routing algorithm for CRNs
![Page 18: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Simulation• Available bandwidth for SUs
• Successful delivery ratio
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S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Conclusion
– Primary social behavior-aware whitespace analysis for CRNs
– Both centralized and distributed joint routing and scheduling algorithms for CRNs
![Page 20: Primary Social Behavior aware Routing and Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Networks Shouling Ji and Raheem Beyah Georgia Institute of Technology Zhipeng.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b903d8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
S. Ji, Z. Cai, J. S. He, and R. Beyah Routing and Scheduling for CRNs
Thank you!Shouling Ji
http://users.ece.gatech.edu/sji/