Primary Headwater Streams
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Primary Headwater Habitat StreamsAnthony Sasson, The Nature Conservancy OEC Legislative Summit, February 1. 2013
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Primary Headwater Habitat Streams:What are they, and why be concerned?
1. Types (Class I, II, III)2. Distribution of headwater
streams (map)3. Importance of these streams4. Impacts (development,
mining , roads)5. Legally defining PHWH
streams
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Primary Headwater Habitat Streams
Why a different classification for Primary Headwater Streams compared to other streams?
• First or second order streams (beginnings of the stream network)
• Less than one square mile (640 acres drainage area)
• Standard Ohio stream classification used for Clean Water Act does not fit these small streams
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Primary Headwater Habitat Streams
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Grand River PHWH stream (Lake SWCD map)
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Importance of Primary Headwater Habitat
streams
• First to receive water and pollutants• Easiest to degrade (pollutants and habitat)• Supply most of the water, nutrients,
energy, biology to rest of the watershed’s streams
• Headwater-dependant fish, amphibians and other aquatic life
• Help determine downstream health; cumulative impacts from loss of these streams
• Aesthetics
Rocky River Watershed Council
Long tailed salamander, Rocky River watershed
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Primary Headwater Habitat StreamsClass I streams
Ohio EPA photos
Class I PHWH streams are ephemeral streams, warm water, little aquatic life
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Primary Headwater Habitat StreamsClass II streams
Ohio EPA photos
• Intermittent but may have perennial flow• Warm water• Moderately diverse• Some fish, amphibians
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Primary Headwater Habitat StreamsClass III streams
Ohio EPA photos
Perennial flow influenced by groundwaterModerately diverse to highly diverse aquatic life
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Primary Headwater Habitat Streams Class III stream
TNC photo
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Primary Headwater Habitat Streams Class III stream
TNC photo Dace – ODNR photos
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PHWH streams flow into these larger streams and determine their health
Ohio EPA photo
TNC photo
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Impacts to Primary Headwater Habitat
streams
• Development –Commercial and residential
• Mining – Coal, Stone/sand & gravel
• Roads – Highway expansions, new street development
• Shale gas development - access roads, pipelines, drilling pads
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Mitigation for Primary Headwater Habitat streams
Mitigation importance:PHWH are ~1/2 of mitigation
needs in Ohio streams
Washington County PHWH, Marietta College photo Ohio EPA photo
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