PRIMAL

PRIMALPANACEA

byThomasE.Levy,MD,JD

Copyright©2011byThomasE.Levy,MD,JD

LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011933055

ISBN:Softcover978-09837728-4-2

Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthecopyrightowner.

Toorderadditionalcopiesofthisbook,contact:

MedFoxPublishing,LLC1-866-359-5589www.MedFoxPub.comOrders@MedFoxPub.com2505AnthemVillageDrive,SuiteE-582Henderson,NV89052

Foreword

ByGarryGordon,MDForyearsIhavehighlyprizedDr.TomLevy’ssignificantscientificcontributions

regardingthemiraculoushealingpowersofvitaminC.Ihaveheavilyrelieduponandreferencedhispreviousbook,CuringtheIncurable:VitaminC,InfectiousDiseasesandToxins,formanyyearsintreatingpatientsandteachingpractitionersallovertheworld.

ThroughtheextensivepublishedliteraturecompiledbyDr.Levy(withover1,200scientificreferences),manynowknowwhichformsandinwhatdosagesvitaminCismostbeneficial—provingthattheaccepteddailyrequirementsofvitaminCarefartoolowformaintaininghealthycellularfunctionandfightingoffinfections.VitaminCinwhatappearstobemegadosesof5,000to20,000milligramsormoreorally–and20to200gramsintravenously–canandhassavedlivesevenafterallelsehasfailed.

Thisbookcomesatatimewhenourhealthcaresystemisfailing.Wearelosingourpersonalrightstochoosethetypeofmedicalcarewewant.Wearelosingavailabilitytoqualityhospitalsandservices,andwearelosingdoctorsastheyclosedowntheirpracticesbecauseofoppressivegovernmentalrestrictionsandlegislation.

“Corruptionisauthorityplusmonopolyminustransparency.”Thisanonymousquotedescribesthecurrentfunctioningofourcorporatecontrolledgovernmenttoday.WemustnotsitidlybythinkingthattheObamahealthcarebill,unconstitutionallyforcedintolawagainstthepeople’swill,isgoingtomakethingsbetter.Ifitisnotrepealed,wewillonlyexperiencemoreofthesameandworse.

Currentlywespendmoreonhealthcareinthiscountrythananyothercountryintheworld,yetwearegettingfatterandsickerwhiletakingmoreandmorepharmaceuticaldrugs.Deadlydrugsaremassmarketedbycorporationsmakingtrillionsofdollarsoffsicknessandsuffering.Prescriptionsarepushedandpeddledthroughslick,happycommercialstargetingeverydemographic,frominfantstotheelderly—andeventheunborn.

Howcanonedenythelegitimacyofadrugcommercialshowingasmilingandrelaxedperson–strollingalongabeautifulbeachatsunset,orenjoyingafamilygatheringwithlovedones—nowhappyandhealthybecausetheir“diagnosis”ofdepression,orheartdisease,orcancer,orhighcholesterol,orerectiledysfunction,hasfinallybeencuredwiththenewestwonderdrug?Thesecommercialsalsourgeyouto“askyourdoctor”aboutsaiddrugifyoususpectyoumighthaveanyofthesymptomsorconditionsdescribed…anddon’tpayanyattentiontothedozensofilleffectslistedquicklyandquietlyasadisclaimerattheend.Ifyourtrustedphysicianbelievesinit,andifitisapprovedbytheFDA,thenitmustbethesafestandthebestcourseoftreatment,right?

Wrong!It’sallaboutmoney—andcontrol.Mostdrugsonlymasksymptoms,ignoringtherealunderlyingcausesofdisease,allthewhilegeneratingnewillnessesandconditionsthatwillrequireanotherdrug.Thedrugcompaniesknowthis,andknowinglyhideitfromyou.

Sadly,theWallStreetJournalreportsthatmorethanaquarterofU.S.kidsandteenstodayaretakingaprescriptionmedicationonachronicbasis,withnearly7%ofthoseontwoormoredrugs.Fluvaccinesandantidepressantsarebeingprescribedtopregnantwomen,withknownadverseeffectsuponthefetus,resultinginlong-termchronicconditionsforthechildlaterinlife.AndaccordingtotheCDC,halfofallAmericanstakeprescriptiondrugsonaconsistentbasis;approximatelyone-thirdusetwoormorepharmaceuticaldrugsdaily,andmorethan10%ofallAmericansarefrequentlyonfiveormoredrugsatatime.InlightofthosestatisticsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethattheJournalofTheAmericanMedicalAssociation(JAMA)hasreportedthatfataladversedrugreactions(FADR’s)arenowtheleadingcauseofdeathintheU.S.today.

Theunsavoryrelationshipbetweengovernmentcontrol,mainstreammedicine,andthepharmaceuticalindustryhasbeenuncoveredbynoneotherthanHarvardMedicalSchool’sDr.MarciaAngell,whoisalsotheformerEditor-in-ChiefattheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,oneofthemostrespectedmedicaljournalsonearth.AnoutspokencriticofthecurrentU.S.healthcaresystemandthepharmaceuticalindustry,Dr.Angellistheauthorofthebook,TheTruthAbouttheDrugCompanies:HowTheyDeceiveUsandWhattoDoAboutIt,andanexcellentarticleintheNewYorkReviewofBookscalled“DrugCompanies&Doctors:AStoryofCorruption.”Revealingthefinancially-drivencorrupttiesbetweencurrenthealthcarepracticesintheU.S.andindustry-backedclinicalresearch,shewrote:

“Nooneknowsthetotalamountprovidedbydrugcompaniestophysicians,butIestimatefromtheannualreportsofthetop9U.S.-baseddrugcompaniesthatitcomestotensofbillionsofdollarsayearinNorthAmericaalone.Bysuchmeans,thepharmaceuticalindustryhasgainedenormouscontroloverhowdoctorsevaluateanduseitsownproducts.Itsextensivetiestophysicians,particularlyseniorfacultyatprestigiousmedicalschools,affecttheresultsofresearch,thewaymedicineispracticed,andeventhedefinitionofwhatconstitutesadisease.”

Mainstreammedicineandthemedia,underthecontroloftheFDAandtheirpharmaceuticalcompany“clients,”havedoneeverythingintheirpowertokeepthingslikevitaminCandothernatural,affordableformsofself-treatmentfrombeingroutinelyusedasthefirstlineofresponsetoanyhealthissueweencounter.

Whydotheydothis?

Becausenutritionalsupplementsarenotpatentableandsotheyaren’tabletomaketrillionsofdollarsthroughproprietaryownershipliketheydowithpharmaceuticaldrugs.Thatdoesnotmeantheyaren’tcontinuallytryingtofindawaytocontrolourhealthcareoptions,pursuingcontrolthroughpropaganda,misinformation,andfurtivelegislation,allinthenameof“publicsafety”.InJulyof2011theFDAandIllinoisSenatorDickDurbin(D)introducedyetanotherbill—theDietarySupplementLabelingActof2011(S.1310)—specificallydesignedtosuffocatethenutritionalsupplementindustrythroughridiculouslabelingandredundantnotificationrequirements.

TheydonotwantthepublictoknowtheunbelievablepowerthathighdosesoforalandintravenousvitaminC(takenorallyindailydosagesof4to20ormoregramsadayand

whenneeded,intravenouslyindosesof30to200ormoregramsaday)providetohelpmankinddealwithsomeofourmostchallengingchronicandacutehealthproblems.

Wemustalllearnwhatwecandotohelpourselvesdealwiththemyriadofhealthcareproblemsweencounter,fromminoraccidentstotheantibioticresistantinfectionsthatkillover100,000eachyear.Wemustbecomefullyinformedofalloptionsandfightthesystemforourinalienablerighttochoosenaturalremediesoverconventionalpractices.

Dr.Levyshowsushowtosavelives.Weneedmorechampionslikehim,andchampionslikeRalphFucetola,JD,knownas“TheVitaminLawyer,”whohasreceivednumerousawardsforhisroleinthe1995DHEACasesonbehalfoftheLifeExtensionFoundation,andbrilliantConstitutionalAttorneyJonathanEmord,whohasdefeatedtheFDAinfederalcourtatotalofeighttimessofaronbehalfofFirstAmendmentrightsandtherightsofcitizens’accesstoalternativeandexperimentaltherapies.Many“alternative”modalitiescanbeincorporatedintomainstreammedicinebyconsumerdemand–thatwillfollowwhenthepublicbecomesmoreinformedaboutthenumerousotherlife-savingmodalitiesavailable.

Forthislatestandmostwelcomebook,Dr.TomLevyhasaccuratelyandrightfullychosenthepowerfulname“PrimalPanacea.”Weareexperiencingverychallengingtimesonatoxicplanetthatisgoingthroughsubstantialmagneticandatmosphericearthchanges—whicharecontributingtotheepidemicofchronicdegenerativediseasesweareseeingtodayfromheartdisease,cancer,obesity,diabetes,etcetera.Ittakesanexpertanddrivenproponentlikehimandotherstoinformthegeneralpublicaboutalltheseamazinglyeffective,virtuallynon-toxictherapiesthatarealltoofrequentlyutilizedinAmericaonlyafterall“standard”medicalapproacheshavefailed.

ThereisnoquestioninmymindthatvitaminCistrulyasclosetoacure-allthatwehavetoday.EveryhealthproblemwillrespondtotreatmentandrecoverbetterwhenpatientsarereceivingadequatelevelsofvitaminC.

WeneedarevolutioninmedicineandDr.ThomasE.Levyisundeniablyoneofthemostimportantvoiceshelpingtoguideusalltowardstruehealthandlongevity.

PrefaceIwasawestruckasIwitnessedaneventthatforeverchangedthedirectionofmylife

andthewayinwhichIwouldpracticemedicine.ThatdayIwatchedaveryillpatientwithmultiplesclerosisrapidlydisplayastrikingclinicalimprovementthatjustwasnotsupposedtohappen.Certainly,ifIhadn’tseenitwithmyowneyes,Iwouldhavesaid,“Impossible!”Althoughthiseventhadbeensurroundedbymanyothersimilar,butnotquiteasdramaticobservations,thepatient’schangewassostrikingandoccurredsorapidlythatitradicallyalteredmyunderstandingofphysiology,disease,andmedicine.

Ithappenedinthesummerof1993inColoradoSprings,Colorado.Uptothattime,myprivatemedicalpracticekeptmetotallyoccupied.Cardiologyhadbeenmyspecialtyfieldofchoicesincemyfirstyearinmedicalschool—withasenseofdirectionanddeterminationnotsharedbymostofmyclassmates.EvenasayoungladIwantedtobeadoctor.Throughouttherestofmymedicaltrainingandfornearlyalloftheyearsofmyprivatepractice,IwascompletelyhappywithwhatIwasdoing.IfeltIwasmakingaverypositivedifferenceinthelivesofmypatients.

Inabout1992aslighttwingeofdissatisfactionbegantognawatme.Somehow,thepracticeofcardiologyjustseemedtofallshort.AlthoughIhadnodoubtsthatIhadhelpedmanypatientsachievegreaterdegreesofhealth,Istillfeltthatsomethingwasmissing.TotherelativelyfewpeopleinwhomIconfided,IexpressedmydisquietingsensethattherewassomethingmoreimportantthatIshouldbedoing,eventhoughIhadabsolutelynoideawhatthisnewsomethingwassupposedtobe.

AboutayearlaterImetDr.HalHuggins,atruemedicalpioneerwhofullyrealizedthatmanyillnessesbegininthedentalchair.Reveredbymanyandperhapsreviledbyevenmore,Dr.Hugginschallengedmanyofthefoundational,yetflawedpracticesofmoderndentistry.Hehadconcreteevidencethatmanystandarddentalproceduresprofoundlyandnegativelyimpactthegeneralhealthofthebody.

Dr.HugginswastrulyoneofthefirsthealthcarepractitionersI’dmetwhotreatedtheentirepatient.Asadentist,hedidnotpracticemedicine,buthedidaddressmuchmorethanthedentalproblemsofhispatients.Heandhisteamofassistantsaddressedissuesofnutrition,diet,supplementation,andgenerallifestyle.Whenmedicalproblemswereencounteredduringexaminationandtreatment,hemadesurethathispatientssoughtthecareofqualifiedphysicians.

Atthattime,Dr.Hugginshadalargepracticethatspecializedintheremovalofdentaltoxins,includingmercuryfillingsandchronicallyinfectedteeth.Althoughtheideaofdentaltoxinswasnotacompletelynewideatome,itwasnevermuchofaconsiderationwhenIevaluatedandtreatedmycardiacpatients.Ineverconsideredthepossibilitythatpreviousdentaltreatments—especiallyendodontictreatments(“rootcanals”)—wereresponsibleforsomuchofthechestpain,blockedarteries,andheartattackssufferedbymanyofmypatients.

ShortlyafterImethim,Dr.Hugginsinvitedmetocomebyhisclinictoseewhathewasdoing.Iwentwithanopenmind,butIwasn’tevenremotelypreparedforwhatIwas

abouttoseeandexperience.

IsubsequentlyvisitedDr.Huggins’cliniconseveralmoreoccasions.CuriosityandamazementgrewasIwatchedonepatientafteranotherrespondinwaysthatradicallychallengedwhatmymedicaltraininghadtaughtmetoexpect.Amajorityofhispatientswereextremelyill.Advancedcasesofmultiplesclerosis,amyotrophiclateralsclerosis(LouGehrig’sdisease),Parkinson’sdisease,andAlzheimer’sdiseasewerecommon.Manypatientswerealreadyconfinedtowheelchairs.Certainly,Ihadneverseen,orevenheardofsuchpatientsshowingsignificantclinicalimprovement—regardlessoftheprotocolorintervention.Yet,inthisclinic,substantialimprovementsweretherule.Onlyrarelydidapatientfailtodemonstrateanyclearbenefitafterthetypicaltwoweeksofcare.

Allpatientsweretrackedextensivelywithpre-andpost-treatmentlaboratorytesting.Abnormalbloodandurinetestswouldroutinelynormalizeorshownear-normalizationbytheendofthetwoweeksintheclinic.Gout-likelevelsofuricacidwouldplummet,andabnormalliverandmuscleenzymeswouldrapidlyrespond.ThemoreIvisitedtheclinic,themorethebasicpillarsofmymedicaleducationwereshaken.Dr.HugginsconsistentlydemonstratedavastlygreaterknowledgeofphysiologyandchemistrythananyphysicianIhadeverknown,andtheclinicalresponsesofhispatientsconsistentlyvalidatedhismethodology.

Whenallofthisinformationfinallysankin,Irealizedthatahostofchronicdegenerativediseaseswerenot,infact,irreversiblesentencesofsufferingandprematuredeath.Iwasaneyewitnesstoclearandconsistentwaystotreatnearlyallsuchdiseasesandtoexpectpositiveresults.

AlthoughmuchofmymedicalunderstandinghadalreadybeenchallengedduringmyearlyvisitstoDr.Huggins’clinic,itwassoontobechangedtothecore.

Onthatlife-changingday,averysick,listlesspatientwaswheeledintothedentalsuitebyhercaregiver.Thiswomanwasjustoneofthemanywheelchair-bound,advancedcasesofmultiplesclerosisthatfoundtheirwayintotheclinic.ShehadamouthX-raythatrevealedagreatdealofdentalpathology,eventomyrelativelyuntrainedeye.Manyteethweremissing,afewdentalimplantsandrootcanal-treatedteethwerepresent,andtheoverallbonemassinthejawappearedtobedecreased.Despitehergeneralstateofpoorhealth,shewassubjectedtoseveralhoursofdentalsurgerythatday.Therewereextractions,cavitationrevisions(thecleaningofinfectedholesinthejawbone),andthereplacementofafewmercuryamalgamfillingswithbiocompatiblecompositematerials.

Atthetime,Iquietlythoughtthiswasfartoomuchdentalworkforaninitialvisittothedentalchairbythisveryillandobviouslydelicatepatient.Afterall,Iknewyoung,healthyfriendswhohadseveralwisdomteethremovedbytheirdentistsinonevisit.Mostoftentheybecameeffectivelybedriddenforseveraldayswhiletheirstrengthgraduallyreturnedandgoodhealingkickedin.

Butthatwasnotthecasewiththispatient.Almostimmediatelyaftertheendofherdentalsurgery,shebegansmiling,jokingabit,proclaimingherenergywasgreatly

improved,andevendeclaringshewantedtogo“outonthetown”thatnightwithhercaregiverandtrytoeatasteakwiththefewremaininggoodteethshehadontheleftsideofhermouth.Iwasflabbergasted,tosaytheleast.Intuitively,Iknewthatgettingtoxinsoutofthebodywasagoodthing,butthisgoodandthisquickly?

IconfessedmyconfusionanddisbelieftoDr.Huggins.HesmiledandjustpointedtotheIVbagthatwasstillinfusingintothepatient.Thisdidn’tseemlikemuchofananswer,asIhadadministeredthousandsofIVsinmylifeandneverwitnessedsuchanimpressivepatientresponse.HethensaidthatitwasavitaminCinfusion.

VitaminC?Iwasevenmoreconfused.Likeeveryoneelseontheplanet,IknewthatvitaminCwassomethinggood,butthatitonlygotintothebodyfromgoodfoodorsupplements,andusuallyinamountsofnomorethan50to250milligramsatatime.However,thisIVhad50grams(50,000milligrams)init,andithadbeeninfusedfortheentiredurationofthedentalwork.

AlthoughIhadnoideawhythevitaminCwashelpingthispatient,IimmediatelyknewthatIhadfoundanewweaponformyarsenaloftreatmentoptions.Eventhen,Ihadnorealclueastohowpowerfulthatnewweaponwas.Butitmarkedthebeginningofmysecond,andcertainlymostimportant,medicaleducation.AsIlookbacknow,IrealizemyearliertrainingwaslittlemorethanareasonablygoodfoundationforwhatIwouldlearnaftermeetingDr.Huggins.Ironically,adentisttaughtmemoreaboutclinicalmedicineandphysiologythanallthemedicaldoctorsinmylifecombined.

AsIcontinuedtoresearchtheliteratureaboutvitaminC,Ionlybecameincreasinglyamazed.IfoundthatvitaminCwasvastlymorethanavitaminrequiredintinydailyamountstopreventthedevelopmentofthedeficiencydiseasescurvy.Itisarguablythemostimportantnutrientthatwecaningest.

Contrarytotheblindlyrepeatedmantraofthemainstreammedicalcommunitythat“therearenostudies,”Idiscoveredawealthofinformation,muchofitinthemostacceptedandrespectedmedicaljournals.StudyafterstudydemonstratedvitaminC’sabilitytosingularlyeradicate,neutralize,orotherwisecureanincrediblylargeanddiversearrayofinfectiousdiseases,especiallyviraldiseases.Furthermore,thereappearedtobenotypeofpoisoningortoxinexposurethatahighenoughamountofproperlyadministeredvitaminCcouldnotremedy.

Inthe1940sFrederickKlenner,MD,pioneeredtheuseofmega-gramintravenousdosesofvitaminCtoeffectivelytreatandoftencuremanydifferentinfections.Theseincludedonesevennowconsideredtobeincurable,suchaspolio,tetanus,andencephalitis.HealsoledthewayindemonstratingtheabilityofvitaminCtoactastheultimateantidoteinreversingthetoxicityofotherwisefataldosesofagentssuchascarbonmonoxide,pesticides,barbiturates,andevenheavymetals.

Othermedicalpractitionershavefollowedsincethen,andthoseusingthedosingregimenssuggestedbyDr.Klennerhaveseensimilarresults.MyowndirectexperienceswithvitaminChavebeenjustasstunningfromanyreasonableclinicalperspective.Asacardiologist,Ihaveneverhadtheopportunitytotreatthemanyinfectionsandtoxin

exposuresthatDr.Klennerencountered.Nevertheless,Ihavesuccessfullytreatedanumberofconditionsthatmodernmedicinestillapproachesonlywithbedrest,supportivecare,andtheguardedoptimismthattheimmunesystemmayeventuallyprevail.

IntwoofonlytwocasesofWestNileviralinfectionthatIwasaskedtotreat,bothpatientswerecompletelywellafteronlythreedaysofvitaminCinfusiontherapy.Bothoftheseindividualshadbeenillformonths,andonehadsuchextensiveinfectionthathislaboratoryresultsshowedhehaddevelopedhepatitisaswell.Nevertheless,thisresolvedpromptlyandcompletelyalongwithalloftheotherassociatedsignsandsymptoms.Similarly,twooftwopatientswhopresentedwithinfectiousmononucleosisrespondedjustasdramaticallyafterthreedaysofintravenousvitaminC.Bothwereyoung,andoneoftheindividualshadbeensoillformonthsthathehadalreadydroppedoutofcollege.

WhilevisitingfriendsinColombia,SouthAmerica,Itreateda15year-oldgirlwithhemorrhagicDenguefever.IntravenousvitaminCwasnotavailablesoIused10gramsoforalvitaminCinaspecialliposome-encapsulatedform.Thissimpleprotocolcompletelycuredherwithinthreedays.

EvenLymediseasehasshowngreatresponsetovitaminCtherapy.However,unlikemanyotherinfectionstreatedwithvitaminC,itisonlyacuteLymediseasethatIhaveseendefinitivelycuredafterseveraldaysofintravenousvitaminC.ChronicLymedisease,presentformonthstoyears,hasconsistentlyrespondedwelltohighdosesofvitaminC,butwithoutadefinitiveeradicationorcure.Nevertheless,IhavehadnumerousLymediseasepatientsreturntoasenseofclinicalnormalcyonvitaminCtherapy,eventhoughtheassociatedmicrobesmightnotbetotallyclearedfromthebody.WithLymeandotherchronicinfectionssuchasAIDSandchronichepatitisC,vitaminCcanoftenrestorethepatienttoasymptomlessornear-symptomlessstate.Thisstatecanallowthemto“coexist”indefinitelywiththeirinfectionsandevenenjoyanormallifespan.

VitaminCisalsothebestwaytomaintaingoodhealth.InfectionsrarelyhavetheopportunitytotakeholdwhenvitaminClevelsarenormalinthebody.Similarly,mostcancersbeginwhenthereareareasofincreasedoxidativestressincertaintissues,whichisanotherwayofsayingthatnotenoughvitaminCispresentinthoseareas.Aswillbediscussedinthisbook,itisalsoadeficiencyofvitaminCintheinnerliningofthecoronaryarteries(“focalscurvy”)thatprovokesandallowsthedevelopmentofblockagesleadingtoaheartattack.

Anydoctorwhohasroutinelyadministered50-to100-gramdosesofvitaminCintravenouslyhashadtheopportunitytowitnessclinicalresponsesthatthebulkofthemedicalprofessionstillregardsascoincidentalorjustplainimpossible.

In2009intravenousvitaminCcuredacomatoseswineflupatientwhowasliterallyatthepointofbeingremovedfromlifesupport.Hehadalsobeendiagnosedwithwhite-outpneumoniaand“hairycell”leukemia.Thisincrediblestory,entitled“LivingProof?”wasdocumentedandairedbyNewZealand’sversionof60MinutesinAugust2010.Theattendingdoctorshadwantedto“pulltheplug”thathadbeensustainingthispatient’slifeforthepriormonth,butthefamilyinsistedthatKlenner-sizeddosesofvitaminCbetriedfirst.Theclinicalresponsewasquickandstunning.Almostimmediately,thepatient’s

lungsbegantoclearandherecoveredenoughtobetakenofflifesupport.Withinafewweeks,hewalkedoutofthehospital.Furthermore,hisleukemiaappearedtohaveresolvedalongwiththeswineflu.Evenwiththismiraculousturnaroundandnootherexplanation,nearlyallofthedoctorsreviewingthecaseconcludedthathisrecoverywasacoincidence—thathishealinghadnothingtodowiththeinfusionsofvitaminC.

Afterover15yearsofresearchandpersonalobservation,Icancategoricallysaythathigh-dosevitaminCisaclinicalmiraclewhencomparedtoallofourmoderndrugs.Furthermore,volumesofstudiesexistthatsayitworks.It’soneofthesafestsubstancesknowntoman—wehaveyettodiscoveratoxicdoseforvitaminC,abitofamiracleitself.Evenwhenhundredsofgramshavebeenadministeredwithinafewdays,theonlysideeffectisgoodhealth.Itscostismicroscopiccomparedtothecostofmostprescriptiondrugsandtherapies.ManyofthediseasesandconditionsthatvitaminChasbeenshowntocureremain“incurable”withconventionalmedications.

Sowhyisthereanalmostuniversalrefusaltoconsiderthemeritsofhigh-dosevitaminC,oreventolookattheevidenceforit?I’llleaveittothereadertoanswerthatquestion.Butregardlessofmotive,thisisinexcusable!Unlessanduntilthepublicforcesthemedicalprofessiontobethenobleprofessionitpretendstobe,nothingwillchange.

AsyoureadthisbookandconsiderallthecompellingscientificdatathathasbeenaccummulatedonvitaminC,askyourselfwhysuchatherapyisnotbetterknownandmoreextensivelyused.Theevidenceunequivocallyshowsthatmega-gramdosesofvitaminCcanpreventandcureavastlistofconditionsthatplaguemankind.Itisbothinexpensiveandcompletelysafe.Myconclusion:vitaminCisthe“PrimalPanacea.”Itrustyouwillagree.

ThomasE.Levy,MD,JD

ChapterOneHigh-DoseVitaminC:TheUniversalAntimicrobial

Don’tyoudaresay“CURE”We“putcancerinremission,”getheartdisease,diabetes,andarthritis“undercontrol”…

butwedon’treally“cure”anything!Consideringthetrillionsofdollarsanddecadesoftimealreadyspentonpharmaceuticalresearch,shouldn’ttherebea“cure”forman’smostdreadedconditions?

Medicalpeopledonotusetheword“cure”andthosewhoaresellingsupplementsdarenotuseit.Advertisinglanguageforsupplementscannotusetheword“cure”evenwhenreferringtoanutrientdeficiencydiseaselikescurvy(avitaminCdeficiency)orberiberi(avitaminBdeficiency).Evenwithoverwhelmingscientificevidencetoshowthatafoodorsupplementcan“cure,”“prevent,”orevenhelp“treat”adisease,theFDAconsidersareferencetothatevidenceasa“drugclaim.”Afoodorsupplementsellermakingsuchclaimscanbesubjecttothefollowing:

•Searchand/orseizureofbankaccounts

•Searchand/orseizureofallrecords

•Seizureofproduct

•Substantialfines

•Timeinprison

Ontheotherhand,drugcompaniesdon’teverpromiseacure.Onehastowonderwhethertheyareevenlookingforone.

ConsultthemedicalreferencebookfoundintheofficeofmostMDsandyou’llfindthereis“noeffectivetreatment”forthemajority,ifnotall,ofviralinfections.Inlayman’sterms,thestandardprotocolforaviralinfectiousdiseasevictimis:“makepatientcomfortable…hope(pray)patient’simmunesystemprevails.”

Howcriminal…whenoneofthe

•Moststudied

•Safest

•Leastexpensive

•Wildlyeffective

antimicrobialshasbeenavailablefordecades!

High-dosevitaminChasbeenproventobeasuccessfultreatment—andinmanycasesit’sacompletecure—formostviralandmanybacterialinfections.Sowhydoesitcontinuetobeignored?…ridiculed?…shunned?…penalized?

FourApparently“Untreatable”DeadlyConditionsUnfortunately,therearefourdeadlyconditionsthatseemtobeunaffectedbyhigh-dose

vitaminC:

•Ignorance

•Cynicism

•Fearofbeingprovenwrong

•Greed

LestIbeaccusedofoverstatingmypoint,IofferarecentexamplethatwasbroughttolightintwopowerfulNewZealand60Minuteshealthdocumentariesthatairedin2010.

Thefirst,called“LivingProof?”,toldthestoryofaNewZealandfarmerwhocontractedanextremelyseverecaseofH1N1.Medicaltestsconfirmedthediagnosisofswineflu,white-outpneumonia,andhairycellleukemia.Hislungsweresofilledwithinfectionthathehadtobehookedtoadevice—calledECMO—thatbypassesandfunctionsforthelungsoutsidethebody.Afternearlyfourweeksinaninducedcomawithaggressivemedicalinterventionhisconditionwasnobetter.TheintensivecarespecialistsmettoconsiderAllanSmith’sprognosis.Theirconclusionwasthat“withhislungfailure,Mr.Smithcannotsurvive.”Afterasecondmeetingthesamespecialistswrote,“ThegroupisinunanimousagreementthatMr.SmithshouldberemovedfromECMOandbeallowedtodie.Continuingisonlyprolonginghisinevitabledeath.”1

Thefamilyprotestedthatthedoctorshadn’ttriedeverything.Theyvehementlylobbiedfortheadministrationofhigh-dose,intravenousvitaminC.TwodaysbeforeAllan’sscheduledremovalfromlifesupport,thedoctorsconsentedtoallowthevitaminCtherapyevenwhilestating,“WeareallinagreementthatvitaminCwillbeofnobenefit.”1

Afteronlytwo25-graminfusionsofvitaminC,x-raysrevealedasignificantclearingofthelungs.ThevitaminCtherapywascontinuedatarateof100gramsperday.Withinafewdays,AllanhadrapidlyimprovedtothepointwherehecouldbreatheonhisownandhewasremovedfromECMO.

ThenAllan’sconditionstartedtodeteriorate.Whenquestioned,thehospitaladmittedthatthevitaminChadbeendiscontinued.Hisfamilypushedforaresumptionofthetherapy.Thedoctorscapitulated,butonlycontinuedatameagertwogramsperday.Thepatientdidstarttoimproveagain,butataveryslowrate.WhythedoctorsresumedvitaminCatadosethatwasonlytwopercentoftheearlierbeneficialdosedefieslogicifMr.Smith’swelfarewastheonlysignificantconcern.

WhenMr.Smithimprovedtothepointhecouldbemovedtoahospitalclosertohome,thenewsetofdoctorsagaindiscontinuedtheCtherapy.Predictably,Allanstartedtoworsen.Thistime,thefamilyhadtohireanattorneytoforcearesumptionoftheCtherapy.But,thenewhospitalwouldonlyadministertwogramsperday.Evenso,thepatientstartedtorecover.AssoonasAllanwasabletoswallow,hisfamilyfedhimlargedosesofanoralliposome-encapsulatedvitaminC.Tothedoctors’amazement,Allan

walkedoutofthehospitalseveralweeksbeforetheythoughtitpossible.Furthermore,therewasnolongerevidenceofhairycellleukemia.

PerhapsthemostamazingpartofthisstoryisthatthoseinthemedicalcommunitywithbedsideseatstothisamazingdramawereunconvincedthatvitaminChadanypartinAllanSmith’sreturntohealth!OnereviewingphysicianwhorefusedtobelievevitaminChadanypositiveeffectinAllanSmith’srecoverytheorizedthathisturnaroundcouldjustasreasonablybeattributedtothepassingofabusoutsideAllan’shospitalroom.2

InanotherH1N1casecoveredby60Minutes,a25year-oldAustralianwomanwasalsoputonanECMOmachine.Herbrother,Mark,hadseentheearliersegment,“LivingProof?”anddecidedtotrackdowntheSmithfamilytogetmoreinformationabouthigh-dosevitaminC.Convincedthatthetherapymighthelphissister,MarkpushedthehospitaltoadministerintravenousvitaminC.Theyfinallyrelented.AsintheAllanSmithcase,herheavily-infectedlungsstartedtoclearwithacoupleoftreatments.Finally,thepatientimprovedtothepointthattheECMOwasdiscontinued.Atthesametime,afterconvincingthepatient’smotherthatitscontinuedadministrationcouldsomehowbedangerous,thedoctorsdiscontinuedthevitaminC.Herhealthrapidlydeterioratedandwithinafewdaysshepassedaway.2

Amajorityofphysiciansblindlyacceptthefalsenotionthatthereis“noevidence”andthereare“nostudies”showingtheeffectivenessofhigh-dosevitaminCinthetreatmentofanythingbutscurvy.Thefactis,therearethousandsofstudiesandmuchevidence!Yet,evenwhentheproofmagnificentlydisplaysitself—rightbeforetheireyes—mostinthemedicalcommunityrefusetoseeit.

Theobviousrealitydidnotescapetheattentionofthegeneralpopulation,however.ThesedocumentarieshavecreatedsuchagroundswellofoutrageinNewZealandthatthepeopleareforcingaradicalchangeinthewaymedicineispracticedthere.Oncethe60Minutesdocumentarieswereputontheinternet,peopleallovertheworldbegantohearthetruth.Coincidentally(ornot),shortlyafterallthisattention,theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)preventedthecompanyinAmericathatsuppliedtheintravenousvitaminCshowninbothprogramsfromproducinganymore.Thisdraconianactiontranscendsignoranceandcynicism.Andmoremaliciousrestrictionofhigh-dosevitaminCappearstobeontheway(seeChapterEight).

Dr.IanBrighthope,anutritionalandenvironmentalmedicinespecialistfamiliarwiththepowerofhigh-dosevitaminC,summarizeditbestinthe60Minutesdocumentary:“Peoplearedyingbecauseoftheattitudeofthemedicalprofession.”2

SomeMedical“Treatments”areDownrightBarbaricSincethediscoveryofpenicillinmanyantibioticshavebeenaddedtothearsenalof

chemicalagentsdoctorsdeployagainstbacterialinfections.But,foranumberofreasons,manystrainsofbacteriaaretotallyunaffectedbythem.Evennow,pharmaceuticalcompaniesarelosingtheracetodevelopantibioticsthatareeffectiveagainstincreasinglydrug-resistantbacteria.

In2008,Dr.KennethTodar,bacteriologist,helpedidentifytheenormityofthisgrowing

problem:

“Nowadays,about70percentofthebacteriathatcauseinfectionsinhospitalsareresistanttoatleastoneofthedrugsmostcommonlyusedfortreatment.Someorganismsareresistanttoallapprovedantibioticsandcanonlybetreatedwithexperimentalandpotentiallytoxicdrugs.”3

Sowhathappensinatraditionalmedicalenvironmentwhenapatientdevelopsaraging,antibiotic-resistantinfection?Theanswerdependsonwheretheinfectionis.Ifit’sinanorgan—barringamiracle—thepatientdies.Butiftheuncontrollableinfectionisisolatedinalimb,there’samoreeffectivetherapy:AMPUTATION!

Inmost,ifnotallcases,thisisunnecessary.ThelateMaureenKennedySalaman,PresidentoftheNationalHealthFederation,tellsofafrighteningexperiencewithherhusband,Frank.DuringanattempttobatheSam,theirpetcat,thefelinebecamemorethanexcitedatthesoundandfeelofahairdryer.Sambitintotheboneofherhusband’srightindexfinger.Anemergencyroomdoctorcheckedthebite,administeredatetanusshot,andprescribedanantibiotic.

DuringthenextfourdaysFrank’srighthandswelledtotwiceitsnormalsize,becamediscolored,andcausedhimintolerablepainthatmedicationcouldnotquell.Doctorsattheemergencyhospitalwereunanimousintheirdiagnosis:osteomyelitis(infectionofthebone).InMaureenSalaman’swords:

“Thebacteriahadeatenawaythebone,thejoint,andtheknuckle,andcontinuedtotraveldownthehand.Thelaboratorieswereunabletoidentifythebacteria.Grim-faceddoctorstoldmeitwouldmostprobablycostFrankhishand—andpossiblyhislife.Hewasputonintravenousantibioticsaroundtheclock.Hishandwasslashedopenacrossthepalmanddownbothsidesofthefingertotheboneandwashedeverytwohoursinanattempttostoptheraginginfection.”

“IwentbeforethehospitalboardtotrytogetvitaminCadministeredtohimintravenously.Iwastoldthattheyweresureitwasagoodtreatment,buttheyknewnothingaboutit,andtheydidnotallowtreatmentsofwhichtheyhadnoknowledge.”4

Afterfiveweeksofthisineffectivetherapy,theSalamansweretoldtherewasonlyonewaytosaveFrank’slife:AMPUTATION!ThroughconsultationwithRobertCathcart,MD,avitaminCexpert,theydecidedtoleavethehospitalandtreattheinfectionwithhigh-dosevitaminC.DoctorsinsideandoutsidethehospitalcounseledthemthattheirdecisionwouldprobablycostFrankhislife.Nevertheless,inanticipationofthingscontinuingtoworsen,thesurgicalappointmentforamputationwasallowedtostand.

TheSalamansdrovefromthehospitaldirectlytoalocalclinicthatroutinelyadministeredhigh-dosevitaminC.ImmediatelythedoctorsstartedanintravenousinfusionofvitaminC,givingFrank60to75gramsperdayviathisroute.Frankwasalsotaking30gramsoforalvitaminCperdayandpackingapoulticeofgarlicandredclayonhishandeachnight.

Withintwotreatmentsthepain,whichhadbeenrequiringtwocodeinetabletseveryfourhours,stopped!Afterninedaysoftreatment,theinfectionandtheswellingweretotallygone.Thedeepopenwoundsfromthesurgeryhadhealedwithonlyhairlinescarsleftasareminder.Again,inMaureenSalaman’swords:

“Frankkepthisappointmentfortheplannedamputation.Withabroadsmile,heheldoutanolongermisshapenordiscoloredrighthandtoshakethehandofaveryshakensurgeon.“Theyhad‘neverseenthishappenbefore’.‘Oneinamillion,’theysaid.”

“AsIwatchedtheirshockedfaces,ascriptureversecametomind:‘Godhaschosenthesimplethingsoftheworldtoconfoundthewise.’”4

Perhapsmorealarmingthanthecasejustrecountedisthepandemicofarelatedproblem:sepsis.Commonlycalled“bloodpoisoning,”sepsisoccursasaresultofthebody’sinabilitytocopewithamicrobialinfectionaswellasthetoxinsgeneratedbytheinfection.Eventhoughsevenintenadultshaveneverheardofsepsis,itclaimsthelivesofoneAmericanevery2.5minutes.Othervictimsofsepsisare“saved”throughamputation.Thousandsofstudiessupportthefactthathigh-dosevitaminCisabroad-spectrumanti-microbial(ResourceH)andthatitneutralizesalltoxins(ChapterTwoandResourceH).

Everydayhigh-dosevitaminCcouldbesavingthelivesofsepsisvictims.Everydaycountlessfingers,toes,hands,feet,arms,andlegscouldremainattachedandhealthyifthemedicalcommunitywouldsimplyhearandrespondtothefactswithscientificintegrity.

VitaminCCanCureViralInfectionsVitaminChasbeenshowntoprevent,putintoremission,andevencuremanyviral

infections(seeResourceHfordetails).Here’sapartiallisting:

•AIDS/HIV

•Ebola

•Encephalitis

•Hepatitis

•Herpes

•Pneumonia

•Polio

•Shingles

•SwineFlu

Ontheotherhand,drugcompanieshaveyettodevelopanydrugsthatwillreliablykillviruses.Instead,vaccinationismodernmedicine’sanswertoviralinfections.Withoutdelvingintothecontroversiessurroundingvaccination,thisstrategyisnotwithoutsignificanthealthrisks.Inaddition,manyviruses,suchasthosecausinginfluenza,canevolveintonewstrainsthatareunaffectedbytheantibodiesthatweredevelopedinresponsetoapreviousvaccination.Forexample,thisyear’sfluvaccination—whichwas

createdfromlastyear’svirus—mayhavelittleornoeffectagainstthefluviruscurrentlymakingtherounds.

Giventhefactthatmodernmedicinehasnoeffectivetherapyforallviralandmanybacterialinfectiousdiseases,whyaren’tdoctorsturningtohigh-dosevitaminCtosavethelivesoftheirpatients?Fordecades,meninplacesofinfluencehavetriedtokeeptheknowledgeofhigh-dosevitaminClockedaway.Whenthathasnotworked,theyhavetriedtodiscreditit.Here’swhereitallstarted…

ModernMedicine’sScornforHigh-DoseVitaminC:TheBeginningMostAmericansundertheageof30knowlittle,ifanything,aboutpolio.Thankfully,it

rarelyoccursanylongerintheUnitedStates.Duringthelate1940sandearly1950s,however,itrosetoepidemicproportions.Manyofthepoliovictims“fortunate”enoughtosurvivetheacuteinfectionspenttheremainderoftheirlivescrippled.Poliodevastatedthelivesofmanypatientsandfamilies.

Poliowasoneofthefirstviraldiseasestreatedwithhigh-dosevitaminC.Theclinicalresultswereawe-inspiringandtheresponseofthemedicalcommunitywastotallydumbfounding!

OnJune10,1949,inAtlanticCity,NewJersey,FrederickKlenner,MD,presentedasummarizationofhispolioworkattheAnnualSessionoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation(AMA).5,6Atthattimehehadcured60outof60casesofpoliowithhigh-doseinjectablevitaminC.Hemadethefollowingremarks:

“ItmightbeinterestingtolearnhowpoliomyelitiswastreatedinReidsville,N.C.,duringthe1948epidemic.Inthepastsevenyears,virusinfectionshavebeentreatedandcuredinaperiodof72hoursbytheemploymentofmassivefrequentinjectionsofascorbicacid,orvitaminC.IbelievethatifvitaminCinthesemassivedoses—6,000to20,000mginatwenty-fourhourperiod—isgiventothesepatientswithpoliomyelitisnonewillbeparalyzedandtherewillbenofurthermaimingorepidemicsofpoliomyelitis.”6[Note:Thesedoseswereusedoninfantsandsmallchildren,equatingintodoseswellinexcessof100gramsdailyforanadult.]

Poliocured!72hoursorless!SimpleinjectionsofvitaminC!Nofurthermaiming!Nomoreepidemics!Shockingly,therewerenoquestions,nochallenges,nosuggestionstoinvestigatetheprotocol…notevenaquestionfromthosedoctorsinattendance!ItisnoteworthytomentionthataDr.JonasSalkandaDr.AlbertSabinwerewellintotheirworktodeveloppoliovaccinesatthistime.Eightyearslater,in1957,whenthepolioepidemicwasalreadyover,Salkannouncedhisinjectablevaccinetotheworld.ThirteenyearsafterDr.Klennerreportedhispoliocure,Sabinlicensedhisoralpoliovaccine(thesugarcube).

IcanhardlydescribethefloodofemotionsthatcameovermewhenIfirstcameacrossDr.FrederickKlenner’sworkwithpoliopatients.ThefactthatthepolioviruswassoeasilyeradicatedbyvitaminCwasnotsurprising.Myownsuccessfulexperiencesin

usinghigh-dosevitaminCwithanumberofdifferentmedicalconditionshadalreadyconvincedmeofitspotentvirus-killingabilities.WhatoverwhelmedmenowwasthenewrealizationthatvitaminChadbeenshowntocurethisdiseaseBEFOREcountlesspeoplehadbeenkilledorcrippledbyit.EvennowmyheartacheswhenIseethepicturesofpoliovictimsinironlungs,wheelchairs,andlegbraces…andthenIgetangry!Ifjustafewinthemedicalcommunitywouldhaveopenedtheireyes,itcouldhavebeenmuchdifferent.

Thiscriminalnegligenceshouldcausetheresearchers,politicians,drugcompanyexecutives,governmentofficials,andphysicianswhohavefoughttokeepvitaminCoutofthemainstreamtohangtheirheadsinshame.Yet,inthewordsoftheobnoxiousTVinfomercialannouncer,“Butwait,there’smore!”

HerpesInfectionsandHigh-DoseVitaminCIn1936scientistspublishedresultsofgroundbreakingresearchestablishingvitaminC

asapotentialtreatmentforherpesvirusinfections.TheirresearchclearlyprovedthatvitaminCisapowerfulvirus-killingagent—itkillseveryknownherpesvirusforwhichithasbeentesteduponcontact,includingthekindthatcausesshingles.7Additionaltestingconfirmedtheirfindingsthefollowingyear.8Stillotherstudieshavefurthervalidatedthefindings.9,10

Shingles,atypeofherpesinfection,developsfromareactivationofthechickenpoxvirus—oftenmanyyearsaftertheinitialexperiencewithchickenpox.Thelesionsthatresultfromshinglesareverypainfulandcanpersistforweeks.Over50yearsago,amedicaldoctorwasabletoresolveshinglesoutbreakswithadailycombinationoftwotothreegramsofvitaminCviainjectionwithanothergramgivenorally.

Perhapsthemostimpressivestudyofhigh-dosevitaminCandshingleswaspublishedin1950.Theresearcherreportedacompleteresolutionin327outof327shinglespatientstreatedwithintravenousvitaminC—allwithin72hoursfromthestartoftreatment.11

Whatarethechancesyourdoctorwillrecommendhigh-dosevitaminCifyouweretowalkintohisofficewithafull-blowncaseofshingles?IfyourdoctorisatraditionallytrainedMD,Icansafelysaythere’snochance!Why?Becausetheuseofhigh-dosevitaminCwasconspicuouslyabsentfromhismedicaltextbooksandcontinuestobeabsenttothisday.Inotherwords,hedoesn’tknow!

AIDSandHigh-DoseVitaminCAlthoughatpresentthereisinsufficientevidencetomakeastrongcurativeclaimfor

high-dosevitaminCinthetreatmentofAIDS,manyvitaminCstudiesshowpositiveresultsintreatingthisdisease.

In1990,RobertCathcart,MD,reportedhisexperienceinthevitaminCtreatmentofover250HIV-positivepatients,includingoneswithfull-blownAIDS.Inthisarticlehenotedthatclinicalimprovementforanygivenpatientseemedtobedependentontwomajorfactors:

1)theamountofvitaminCgivenand

2)thelevelofillnessatthebeginningoftreatment.

HeassertedthatanyAIDSpatientcouldbeputintoremissionifenoughvitaminCweretakentoneutralizethetoxicityproducedbythevirusandadequatelytreatanysecondaryinfections.12

Basically,Dr.CathcartroutinelycontainedtheHIVinfection,allowingmostofhispatientstoliveoutanormallifespaninanasymptomaticstate.Althoughnottechnicallyacure,hispatientspeacefullycoexistedwiththeirinfections.

VitaminCCanAlsoPreventandCureNon-ViralInfectionsAconsiderablelistofbacterial,parasitic,andothernon-viralinfectionscontinuesto

plaguemankind.Manyrespondpoorlytoantibioticsordonotrespondatall.

Evenhere,vitaminChasbeenshowntoprevent,speedrecovery,andevencuremanyoftheseinfections(seeResourceHfordetails).Here’sapartiallisting:

•Diphtheria

•Dysentery

•Leprosy

•Malaria

•Pertussis

•Pneumonia

•PseudomonasInfections

•RheumaticFever

•StaphInfections

•StrepInfections

•Tetanus

•Trichinosis

•Tuberculosis

•TyphoidFever

ResearchersreportthatallofthesediseasescreateadeficiencyofvitaminCinthehost.Thishappensbecauseallpathogensproduceexcessiveoxidativestress,depletingavailablebloodandtissuelevelsofvitaminCintheprocess.Ashasbeenreportedforviraldiseaseslikepolioandencephalitis,whenextremelylargedosesofvitaminCareusedtocombattheinfection,immediateandcurativeresultsalmostalwaysensue.And,evenwhensmalldosesareemployed,vitaminCwilloftennoticeablyimprovethepatient’scondition.RememberAllanSmith’scase,wherehisrateofimprovementdramaticallyslowedwhenhisdoctorsinexplicablydroppedhisdailyvitaminCfrom50-100gramstotwograms.

However,thiswillnotalwaysbethecase.OftenacompleteclinicalrelapsewilloccurwhenvitaminCdosageisreducedtooearlyandtoodrastically,allowingviralormicrobetiterstorebound.

Furthermore,itisclearthatacertainbloodconcentrationortissuesaturationofvitaminCisalwaysneededbeforeapositiveclinicalresponsecanbeobserved.So,whentinydoseshavebeentestedagainstmanydifferentinfections,researchersoftenreportthatvitaminChadnopositiveclinicaleffect.ManyseeminglyunethicalstudiesappeartohaveemployedthisfacttodiscreditvitaminC’sefficacybypurposelytestingwithverysmallamounts.TheresearchersthenconcludethatvitaminCwasofnovalueatall,ratherthanjustineffectiveatatinydose.

ConclusionConsiderthefacts:

•Traditionalmethodsofpreventingandtreatingmanyinfectiousdiseasesarewoefullyinadequate

•PathogensalwaysdepletevitaminClevelsinthebody(seeResourceH)

•EvenwheninsufficientdosesofvitaminCareused,theoutcomesofmanyinfectiousdiseaseshavebeengreatlyimproved

•Whenhigh-dosevitaminCisemployed,“incurable”infectiousdiseasesareroutinelycured(e.g.polioandviralencephalitis)

•VitaminCfuelsandempowerstheimmunesysteminmanydifferentways(seeResourceB)

•Unlikeantibioticsandvaccinations,vitaminChasnounhealthysideeffects(seeChapterSeven)

•VitaminChasnoknowntoxicity(seeChapterSeven)

Theargumentforemployinghigh-dosevitaminCinthetreatmentofinfectiousdiseaseisoverwhelmingwhentheevidenceisactuallyreviewedratherthanarbitrarilydismissedassimplisticorunbelievable.AthoroughreviewofResourceHwillmakeanevenmorecompellingcase.Andyetthetraditionalmedicalcommunityflat-outrefusestousevitaminC.Someresearchersandcliniciansclaimthereisapurposeful“stonewalling”13againstthisnaturalsubstance.Why?Imustleavethattothereadertodetermine.But,unlessthepubliccollectivelydemandstheincorporationofhigh-dosevitaminCintotheroutinepracticeofmedicine,wewillallbesaddledwithvastlymoreexpensive,lessefficacious,anddecidedlytoxicdrugsandtherapies.

AsDr.Klennersaid,“Ascorbicacid[vitaminC]isthesafestandthemostvaluablesubstanceavailabletothephysician.Manyheadachesandmanyheartacheswillbeavoidedwithitsproperuse.”14

Finally,ifhigh-dosevitaminCwereonlyefficaciousforthepreventionandtreatmentofinfectiousdisease,thataloneshouldbesufficienttorecommenditsuniversaluseinthe

practiceofmedicineandasanessentialsupplementforthepopulationatlarge.ButvitaminC’svalueextendsfarbeyonditsunequalledantimicrobialproperties,asyou’llsoonsee…

ChapterTwoHigh-DoseVitaminC:theUltimateAntidote

“9-1-1,HELP!My10month-oldjustswallowedsome…”

In2009,unintentionalpoisoningsentover700,000peopletothehospital.Anyemergencyisstressful,butfewareasterrifyingasfindingachildlyinglistlessbesideacabinetfilledwithopen,overturnedcontainers.Thepoisonmustbeidentified,theamountswallowedneedstobedetermined,andquitepossiblytheCDC’sPoisonControlnumberneedstobecalled.Poison-specificdirectionsneedtobecloselyfollowed,eventhoughyoumightnotbesurewhatwasingested,howmuchwasingested,orhowlongit’sbeensincethepoisoningoccurred.

Whatiftherewasasafe,proven,inexpensive,andexceptionallypotentantidotethatcouldimmediatelybegintoneutralizeandreversethedamageregardlessofthetypeofpoison?And,whatiftheparamedicscouldadministerthisantitoxin—evenwhiletheCDCwascalledandthespecificsofthepoisoningreported?

Thereis!

AquickscanofResourceHwillprovideasamplingofstudiesthatshowhigh-dosevitaminCcanquicklyneutralizeavastarrayoftoxinsandvenomslike:

•Drugoverdoses(examples:alcohol,barbiturates,amphetamines)

•Dangerouschemicals(examples:aromatichydrocarbons,cyanides,arsenic,mercury,lead)

•Lethalgases(examples:carbonmonoxide,fluorine)

•Pesticidesandherbicides

•Poisonousmushrooms

•Deadlyspiderbitesandsnakebites

•Radiation(examples:UVsunlight,X-rays,CATscans,nuclearaccidents)

Shouldn’titbeavailabletoeveryrescuesquadandineveryemergencyroominthecountry?

Unfortunately,it’snot!

Infact,tomyknowledge,it’snotavailabletoANYrescuesquadorinANYemergencyroomintheU.S.Why?Becausemosttraditionally-trainedmedicalprofessionalsarecompletelyignorantabouthigh-dosevitaminC!

Thiswasnotalwaystrue.Inatleastoneemergencyroom…theonemannedbyDr.

KlennerinReidsville,NorthCarolinafromthemid-1950stotheearly1970s,thisultimateantidotewasavailable.Herearebutafewofthemanycaseshereported:

PesticideExposureThreeyoungboyswereheavilyexposedtothepesticidesprayofacrop-dusting

airplane.Theyoungestboy,agedsevenyears,receivedlittleexposurebecausetheothertwoboysshieldedhim.Theoldestboy,aged12years,wasgiven10,000mgofvitaminCwitha50ccsyringeeveryeighthours.Thischildwasdischargedtohishomeonthesecondhospitalday.ThethirdchilddidnotreceiveanyvitaminCbutonlyreceived“supportivecare.”Hedevelopedachemicalburnanddermatitis,anddiedonthefifthdayofhospitalization.15

BlackWidowSpiderBiteInanothercase,athree-and-a-halfyear-oldgirlremembered“knockingabigblackbug

offherstomach”whileplayingduringtheday.Shesuddenlyfellill,withalossofappetiteanda“severegrippingpain”inherstomach.Shehadnauseaalmostimmediatelyandbeganvomitingaboutsixhourslater.Thevomitingcontinuedintermittentlythroughoutthenight,andafter12hoursshedevelopedafever.Hermothernotedrednessaroundthechild’snavel.Therewas“considerableswellingandrigidity.”Touchingtheareaelicitedseverepain.Overthenextfewhoursthechild’sconditiondeteriorateddramatically.Her“speechbecameincoherent”asshebecameprogressively“stuporous.”

WhenKlennerfirstsawthelittlegirlabout18hoursaftertheonsetofsymptoms,hewasabletoidentifythe“obvious”fangmarksofthespiderbitewithamagnifyingglass.Klennernotedthatthechildwasnon-responsivetohisquestions,nearlycomatose,andhaddevelopedlaboredbreathing.Herabdomenwasdescribedas“board-like.”

AftermultipleadministrationsofmuchvitaminC,somebyinjectionandmorebymouthoveraperiodoffourdays,theswellingsubsided,herappetitereturned,andthegirlfullyrecovered.Klennerreportedthathehadsuccessfullytreated“eightprovencasesofblackwidowbite”duringhismedicalpractice.16

BarbiturateOverdoseExcessbarbituratesinthebodyresultindepressionofthecentralnervoussystem,often

resultingindeath.Dr.KlennerreporteddramaticsuccessinreversingaseriousbarbiturateoverdosewithvitaminC.Thepatient’sbloodpressurehadfallento60/0—barelyalive—whenhearrivedintheemergencyroom.ImmediatelyDr.Klenneradministered12,000mgofvitaminCwithasyringeasquicklyastheveinwouldallow,followedbyaslowerintravenousdrip.Withinjust10minutesthepatient’sbloodpressurewasupto100/60.Thepatientwokeupthreehourslaterandcompletelyrecovered,havingreceivedatotalof125,000mgofvitaminCovera12-hourperiod!17

Inanothercase,apatientwithabarbiturateoverdoseawokeafter42,000mgofvitaminCwas“givenbyveinasfastasa20gaugeneedlecouldcarrytheflow.”Ultimatelythispatientreceived75,000mgofvitaminCintravenouslyand30,000mgmorebymouthovera24-hourperiod.

KlennerassertedthatthesuccessofhisvitaminCprotocol“innolessthan15casesofbarbituratepoisoning”indicatedthat“nodeathshouldoccur”inthiscondition.IndiscussingthedramaticeffectsofvitaminConbarbituratepoisoning(andcarbonmonoxidepoisoning),hecommentedthat“theresultsaresodramaticthatitbordersonmalpracticetodenythistherapy.”18

Dr.Klenner’sassertionthatit“borders”onmalpracticewasmuchtookind.ThescientificallyprovenefficacyofvitaminCinthetreatmentofseveretoxin/poisonexposurescreams“criminalnegligence”whensuchtherapyisignored.Buttheherdmentalityofmostphysiciansprovidesgreatcomfortandlegalsecurityintheworldofmedicalincompetence.

HighlandMoccasinSnakeBiteAfouryear-oldgirlreceiveda“fullstrike”fromamaturehighlandmoccasin.She

immediatelycomplainedofseverepaininherlegandwas“alreadyvomitingwithintwentyminutesafterthebite.”Dr.Klennerfirstgaveher4,000mgofvitaminCintravenously.Thechildstoppedcryingwithin30minutes,tookfluidsbymouth,andevenhadoccasiontolaugh.Shecommentedwhilesittingontheemergencyroomtable,“Comeondaddy,I’mallrightnow,let’sgohome.”Becauseofaslightfeverandpersistenttendernessintheleg,Klennergaveheranother4,000mgofvitaminCintravenously,andfinallyanother4,000mglateintheday.Noantibioticsandnoantiveninwereevergiven.InKlenner’swords,“38hoursafterbeingbitten,shewascompletelynormal.”19,20

Incontrast,Dr.Klennerreportedona16year-oldgirlwhohadbeenbittenbyamoccasinandreceivedonly“accepted”medicaltreatment.Judgingfromtheappearanceofthefangmarks,hecalculatedthemoccasinwasroughlythesamesizeastheonethathadbittenthelittlegirl.ThisolderpatientdidnotreceiveanyvitaminCbutwasgiventhreedosesofantivenin.Herarmswelledtofourtimesthesizeoftheoppositearm,andsherequiredmorphineforpaincontrol.Ultimately,sherequiredthreeweeksofhospitalization.19

Dr.Klennerusedhigh-dosevitaminCtosuccessfullytreatcasesofdrugoverdoseandmiscellaneouspoisonings,aswellasvenomousbites,fornearlytwodecades.Hiscasestudieswereconsistentlypublishedinpeer-reviewedmedicaljournals.Likehisresultswithpolio,Dr.Klenner’smanysuccessesusingvitaminCasanantitoxinweremetwithdeafeningsilence.

Butit’snotjustKlennerwhohasbeenignored.ThousandsofarticlesaboutthetrulyremarkablepropertiesofvitaminChavebeenignoredaswell,withoutanyregardtotheirimportantrelevancetomodernmedicine.Evenworse,manysupportersof“traditional”medicineconsistentlyattackvitaminC—theynotonlybelittleitsvalue,buttheyalsoquestiontheintelligenceofanyonewhowoulddaretopromoteitsvirtues.Unfortunately,thisunforgivableandevenmaliciousnegligencemeanscountlessmen,women,andchildrenwillcontinuetodieneedless,andoftenhorriblypainful,deaths.

MushroomPoisoning

Fatalpoisoningoftenresultswhenadventurouscooksfailtodistinguishpoisonousmushroomsfromnonpoisonousvarieties.Amanitaphalloides,alsoknownasthe“deathcap,”isaspeciesofmushroomthatisespeciallytoxic.Within24hoursthetoxinsfromthismushroomwilloftencauseirreversibledamagetotheheart,liver,andkidneys.Ingestionofaslittleasone-quartermushroomcap,approximately2/3ofanounce,usuallyresultsindeath.Short-termsurvivorsoftensufferenoughliverdamagethattheyrequirealivertransplanttoachievelong-termsurvival.

Inthe1950s,aFrenchphysicianbythenameofBastiendevelopedasuccessfulvitaminCtreatmentprotocolformushroompoisoning.ThemethodconsistedofgivingintravenousvitaminC,alongwithacoupleofantibiotics,forthreedays.By1969hehadsuccessfullytreated15patientsforpoisoning.Hewassoconvincedoftheefficacyofhisprotocolthathepubliclyconsumedwhatwouldhaveeasilybeenafataldoseofmushrooms(about2.5ounces)andthensuccessfullytreatedhisownpoisoning.And,notjustonce,buttwice!Itshouldalsobenotedthattherearenoexamplesintheliteratureofanantibioticeffectivelyneutralizingadeadlytoxin.Therefore,itishighlyunlikelythetwoantibioticsBastienusedplayedanysignificantroleintherecoveryofthepatientshetreated.It’smuchmorelikelythatvitaminCdidthejobalone.

Foratime,Dr.Bastien’smethodbecamethetreatmentofchoiceatanumberofmedicalcentersinFrance.Thentheprotocolfellintoobscurityuntilitwasrediscoveredin1984,resurrected,published,andaddedtothedustystacksofunreadmedicalliterature.21We’llneverknowhowmanymushroom-poisoningvictimshaveleftthisworldwrithinginpainbecauseemergencyphysicianswere(andcontinuetobe)ignorantofvitaminC.Howwonderfulitwouldbeforthisultimateantidotetobeavailabletoallwhomayneeditinthefuture.

Thankfully,however,statisticsshowthatthevastmajorityofpeoplewillneverbevictimsofanacute,potentiallyfatal,poisoningcrisis.Fortunately,mostofuswillneverexperienceavenomoussnakebite,abarbiturateoverdose,beingsprayedwithpesticide,eatingapoisonousmushroom…

Weallfaceamuchdifferentchallenge:averyslow,minute-by-minute,microgram-by-microgrampoisoningfromanarrayofothersources.

TheDailyNeedfortheUltimateAntidoteMuchismadeofthetoxicityofourmodernworld.Frequentlywe’retoldthatstill

anothersubstanceinoursurroundingshasbeenlinkedtocancer,heartdisease,Alzheimer’sdisease,orsomeotherdegenerativemalady.There’smercuryinyourtuna,pesticidesonyourlettuce,hormonesandantibioticsinyourchicken,PCBsinyourwater,poisonousexhaustintheairyoubreathe,cancer-causingUVlightfromthesun,andtoxicchemicals—allwithnamesthataretoolongtopronounce—inyourclothes,yourcarpet,yourcar,yourshampoo,yourdeodorant…

VitaminChastheprovenabilitytoneutralizevirtuallyanytoxicsubstanceandeventhedangerouseffectsofradiation.Arguably,it’sthesafestsubstanceontheplanet.Therefore,itmakesperfectsensethatcopiousvitaminCsupplementationshouldbepartof

everyone’sdefenseagainstthedailyonslaughtofenvironmentaltoxins.

It’snotcomplicated.CrediblescienceprovesadirectcorrelationbetweenvitaminCbloodlevelsandmortalityrates.Datafromlargepopulationstudiesindicatethatmortalityratescouldbecutinhalf—fromallcauses—ifpeoplesubstantiallyincreasedtheirbloodlevelsofvitaminC.22

But,ratherthanfollowthescience,ourgovernment,withthebackingofthemedicalestablishment,pushesatotallyunfoundedmantra:“Theaveragedietaryintakeprovides100%ofourrequirementforvitaminC…andmuchmorejustcreatesexpensiveurine.”

Thinkaboutit.Theamountofwaterneededtoputoutafiredependsonthesizeoftheblaze.Inahousefire,thefiremenfuriouslypumpwaterontheinfernountiltheflamessubside,andthenalotmoreforgoodmeasuretoquenchtheremainingheat.Tosimplytossonebucketonafire,regardlessofsize,andthentosuggestthatusinganymorewilljustcreateexpensivesteamismaliciouslyreckless.

Justasfiremenuseasmuchwaterasisnecessarytoextinguishafire,vitaminC-pioneerDr.KlennercontinuedtoadministervitaminCuntilheobtainedthedesiredclinicalresponse.Andthen,hetypicallycontinuedhigh-dosevitaminCforseveralmoredaystoassuretherewasnorelapse.Ashislegacydemonstrates,it’sasafe,reasonable,andlife-savingstrategy,aslongasyougiveenoughofitforalongenoughtime.

ConclusionConsiderthefacts:

•Determiningthetypeorquantityofanoffendingpoisonorvenomisnotalwayspossible

•Locatingatraditionally-approvedantiveninorantidoteforaspecifictoxincanexhaustinvaluabletreatmenttime

•Manyantiveninsandantidoteshavetheirownsignificanttoxicity

•Allhumansaresubjectedtoadailybarrageoftoxicsubstanceslinkedtothedevelopmentofcancer,organdiseases,andagingdiseasesofthebrain

•VitaminChasclearlyneutralizedahostofotherwisefataltoxinsandvenoms(seeResourceH)

•HighbloodlevelsofvitaminClowersmortalityfromallcauses

•VitaminChasnounhealthysideeffects(seeChapterSeven)

•VitaminChasnoknowntoxicity(seeChapterSeven)

•ThereisnodownsideingivingvitaminCbeforeevenevaluatingthepatient,asDr.Klenneroftendid

Achangeinthewayhealthcareinstitutionstreatpatientsislongoverdue.TheneededchangewillNOTbeinitiatedbydrugcompanies,politicians,governmentbureaucrats,medicalschools,insurancecompanies,hospitaladministrators,ormainstreammedical

practitioners.Sodon’tlookforawideacceptanceofvitaminCtherapiesintraditionalemergencytreatmentcentersinthenearfuture(moreaboutthisisdiscussedinChaptersSevenandEight).

Untilthen,personalvitaminCsupplementationismorethananoption;it’sanopportunitythatwillpayhugedividends.Evenifyouneverfallpreytoaninfectiousdiseaseorareneveraccidentallyexposedtoalife-threateningtoxinorvenom,therearemanycompellingreasonstoaddseveralgramsofvitaminCtoyourdailyintake.Infact,themostcompellingfacts,benefits,andreasonsareahead…

ChapterThreeHigh-DoseVitaminC:Nature’sPerfectPanacea

“Onceuponatime…”primalpastprovidespowerfulinsight

Nearlyallanimals—birds,fish,reptiles,amphibians,andmammals—typicallyenjoyafullandhealthylife,eventuallydyingofoldage.Theyrarelyhavestrokes,heartattacks,cancer,orcontractinfectiousdiseases.Andtheydonotspendalargepercentageoftheirlivesinachronicallyillstate.

Unfortunately,mandoesnotsharethiswealthofhealth.

WhyAreHumansSoMuchMoreSusceptibletoDisease?It’sALARMINGtoconsiderthat:

•50%ofAmericanmenwilldevelopcancer

•34%ofAmericanwomenwilldevelopcancer

•50%ofallAmericansoverage50willdevelopCoronaryHeartDisease.

•Theincidenceofdiabeteswilljumpby200%inthenext20years

•TheincidenceofAlzheimer’sdiseasewilljumpby400%inthenext50years

•Millionswilldiefromlung,kidney,orliverdiseaseinthenext12months

It’saprettysafebettoassumethatallofuswouldprefertodieinouroldage…inoursleep…ofnaturalcauses.It’samuchsaferbetthatmostofuswillnot!Anyrandomscanthroughtheobituariesrevealsthatitisvery,veryrareforhumanstodiefrom“naturalcauses.”

Why?

Manisoneofthesickliestofalltheearth’soccupants;afewscientistshaveknownthisforalongtime,althoughthefactstillremainsasunappreciatedasthevalueofvitaminCitself.Over70yearsagoresearchersdiscoveredthat:

Themammalsmostsusceptibletoinfectiousdisease—man,monkey,andtheguineapig—werethosethatwereunabletosynthesizevitaminC.23

Yes,thevastmajorityofothermammalsproducetheirownvitaminC,asdomostbirds,fish,reptiles,andamphibians.Foralloftheseanimals,vitaminCplaysanessentialroleinprotectingthemfrompathogensandtoxins.

Humans,ontheotherhand,mustsatisfytheirneedforvitaminCthroughdietor

supplementation.ThefactthatguineapigssharethisinabilitytosynthesizetheirownvitaminCistheprimaryreasontheseanimalsareusedforresearch.GuineapigscanbemadesickortoxicmuchmoreeasilythanavitaminC-producinganimal,allowingmanyexperimentstobeperformedmorequicklyandefficiently.

TheimpactofthisinabilitytosynthesizevitaminCishuge!AlargepopulationstudyatCambridgeUniversitysupportstheconclusionthatmuchoftheillnessseeninoursicklypopulationsisrelatedtolowvitaminClevelsintheblood.

TheCambridgestudyshowedthatindividualswiththehighestbloodlevelsofvitaminChadnearlyhalfthedeathrateofthosewiththelowestlevels—fromallcauses.24Inotherwords,highvitaminClevelsslashedthenumberofdeathsfromcancer,deathsfromheartdisease,deathsfrominfectiousdisease,deathsfromkidneyorliverfailure,deathsfrombraindisease…deathsfromallcauses…bynearly50%!

Thestudydoesn’trevealhowthepeoplewiththehighestlevelsobtainedthemorifstillhigherlevelsmightevenproducebetterresults,butitdoesclearlyestablishthathigherlevelsofvitaminCtranslateintosignificantlylowermortality.

ALittle-KnownGeneticSecret…Ifjustonelittleenzyme—L-gulonolactoneoxidase(GLO)—werepresentintheliver

ofman,hewouldbeabletomakeloadsofvitaminCfromthesugar(glucose)inhisblood.Theabundantpresenceofthisenzymewouldeliminateman’sneedtoingestvitaminC,substantiallyreducetheincidenceofinfectiousdisease,betterequiphimtomeettoxicchallenges,protecthimfromahostofdegenerativediseases,andvirtuallyeliminatediabetes.

Itgetsevenmoreinteresting…

Researchershavenowidentifiedthegenethatwouldgivemantheabilitytomakethemissingenzyme.AndwealsoknowthisgenealreadyexistsintheDNAcodeofallhumans.Inotherwords,thecompleteinstructionsthatwouldallowustoproduceGLOarepassedtoeachoneofusfromourparents.25Buttheabilityoflivercellstofollowtheseinstructionsisdeficientorcompletelymissing.Thelogical,scientificconclusionisthat:

ItisalmostcertainhumansoncesynthesizedtheirownvitaminC,asmostotheranimalsstilldotoday.

Unfortunately,researchershaveyettodeterminewhytheGLOcodepresentinourDNAremains“untranslated”—thatis,whytherecipeforGLOispresentbutnotcarriedout.Itseemslikelythatageneticmutationresultinginaninbornerrorofmetabolismoccurredinthepast.

ScientistsalmostuniversallyassumethatallhumansshareacompleteabsenceofGLO,althoughitdoesn’tappearthatanyseriousstudyhaseverbeenconductedtoverifythatassumption.Itispossiblethatthisdefectmaynotbeasuniversalasisassumed.Therearecertaingroupsofpeoplewithareputationforlivingwellintotheirhundreds(liketheHunzas26)whomayowetheirlongevitytoanabilitytoproduceatleastsomeGLOand

somevitaminCsynthesis.FurtherevidencecomesfromthefactthatsomeindividualsenrolledinvitaminCdepletionstudiesweredroppedfromthosestudieswhennosymptomsofscurvydevelopedorwhenvitaminClevelsdidnotdropsignificantlyoveranextendedperiodoftime.27,28,29

Nature’sRecommendedDailyAllowance(RDA)forGoatsAlthoughtheycanproducesomevitaminC,domesticdogsandcatsmakemuchless

thanwildanimals.Thismayexplainwhyourfavoritedomesticpetseventuallysufferwiththesamediseasesashumans.

Butinthewild,andevenonthefarm,healthymammalsproducemuchmore.Whennotfacingsignificanthealthstresses,goatsproduceroughly13timesmorevitaminCthancatsordogs.Anadultgoat,withabodysizeroughlythatofanadulthuman,makesabout13,000mgdaily.30AndtheU.S.governmentstilladvisesarecommendeddailyallowance(RDA)ofonly75to90mg!

Furthermore,whenunderasignificantchallenge,C-makinganimalscandramaticallyincreaseproduction.Theycanpushoutputto10times(ormore)beyondbaselinelevels.32Whenfacedwithlife-threateningdiseasesorseveretoxicchallenges,goatscanproduceasmuchas100,000mgofvitaminCaday!

ThisnaturalincreaseinvitaminCoutput,inthefaceofdiseaseandtoxinoverload,explainswhysomanywildanimalstendtoremainvibrantlyhealthyuntiltheysuccumbtooldage.ItalsohighlightsthehumanneedtosupplementvitaminCwithvariabledailyamountsbasedoncurrenthealthstatus—lowchallengesandminimalstresscallforlowerdailyintakewhileprogressivelygreaterlevelsofillnessandstressrequireincreasinglymore.

InspiteofallthescientificevidencethathasaccumulatedonvitaminCoverthelast75years,theU.S.governmenthasneverrecommendedadailyintakeofmorethan90mg.Whenadjustingforthedifferenceinbodymasswefindthatcatssynthesizeupto15timesmorevitaminCperdaythanthegovernment’sRDAforhumans.Thesametypeofcomparisonrevealsthatanormalgoatproducesnearly130timesmorethantheRDA.Andthesamegoatunderseverehealthchallengesmayproduceanincredible1,000timesmore!

IsitpossiblethatnatureknowssomethingtheU.S.governmentdoesnot?

ConclusionConsiderthefacts:

•MostanimalssynthesizetheirownvitaminC

•Althoughdefective,humanscarrythegenethatwouldprovidetheabilitytosynthesizevitaminC

•C-synthesizinganimalsproducevastlymorevitaminCthanthe90mggovernmentRDA

•C-producinganimalsradicallyincreaseproductionwhenfacedwithseverehealthchallenges

•Non-C-producinghumansaremuchmoresusceptibletodiseasethananimalsinthewild

•IndividualswiththehighestbloodlevelsofvitaminChaveamuchlowerriskofmortality

ItisreasonabletoconcludethatprimalmansynthesizedlargeandvariableamountsofvitaminC.Forsomeunknownreason,helostthatcapacityandwiththelosscameagreatersusceptibilitytoinfectiousanddegenerativediseases.But,evenifmannevermadesubstantialamountsofvitaminCinternally,heclearlybenefitsfromregularlargedosesofit.StudiessupportthisconclusionbydrawingadirectlinkbetweenhigherbloodlevelsofvitaminCandalowersusceptibilitytothesediseases.

IncomparisontothedailyquantitiesofvitaminCsynthesizedbyC-producinganimals,theU.S.government’sRDAispatheticallysmallandinadequate.AlthoughgovernmentsareattemptingtolimitaccesstovitaminCabovetheRDA(seeChapterEight),thereisnogoodmedicalreasonforsuchlimits.Infact,therearemanyreasonstoabandontheRDAaltogetherandsupplementourneedforvitaminCwithamountsthatourcurrenthealthstatus,toxicenvironmentalexposures,andriskofinfectionwoulddictate.

Afinalthought:CoulditbethatvitaminCis…

•Unparalleledasauniversalantimicrobial…

•Unequalledastheultimateantidote…

•Uniquelyeffectiveinprotectingagainstdegenerativediseases…

•Completelysafeandnontoxictohumans…

•“Athome”inthehumanbody…

•Inotherwords,theperfectpanacea…

becauseitwasintendedtobesofromtheprimalpast?

Weliveinanageofunparalleledaccesstoinformation.Nolongerdoweneedtoblindlytrustourdoctorstogiveusthebestguidanceforourhealth.Instead,ourrelationshipwithallhealthprovidersneedstochange.Wemustbecomeactiveparticipantsinourhealthcare.Doctorswhorefusetoconsideranythingbeyondthe“traditional”knowledgepassedtothemthroughoutdatedtextbooksandbiasedtraining—orthroughaggressivemarketingbypharmaceuticalcompanies—donotdeserveourunqualifiedtrust.Blindfaithinsuchphysicianswillonlycompromiseyourhealthcare.ThehistoryofvitaminCtherapyisglaringproofofthisfact.Manydoctorswillnotevenbelievetheirowneyeswhenitthreatenswhattheirtextbooksdictate.So,trustyourdoctorifyoumust,butverify…

ChapterFourHigh-DoseVitaminC:PrimeArterialProtector

Comingunglued:TheheartoftheproblemCoronaryheartdisease(atherosclerosis)isamaladythatsendsmillionsofAmericansto

anearlygraveeveryyear…millionsmoretoemergencyrooms…andthousandsofpatientstoacardiacsurgerysuiteeveryday(atanaveragecostofover$100,000).33Althoughthesefactsarealarming,they’renotnews.

Here’ssomerealnews…

ALLcoronaryarterialblockageshaveasolitaryrootcause!

Whatisthisrootcause?Isitexcessivelyhightriglyceridesorfatsintheblood?No.Theseareonlyindicatorsofdiseaserisksincetheyplayanimportantroleintheworseningofarterialnarrowings—butonlyafterthediseasehastakenhold.Whatabouthighserumcholesterolorhighbloodpressure?No.Thesetoo,areonlyfactorsthatworsenratherthaninitiateblockages.Currentlythereareover20commonlyacceptedriskfactorsforthismajorkiller…butnoneofthem,individually,orincombination,initiatecoronaryheartdisease.34

Coronaryheartdiseasestartswhentheinnermostprotectivelining(theintima)ofthecoronaryarteriesbeginstocomeunglued.Thisliningiscomprisedofasinglelayerofcellsthatfunctionslikeceramictilesonashowerwall.Andjustlikethecementandgroutthatholdthetilesinplace,thereisagel-likesubstance(calledgroundsubstance)inbetweenandundertheprotectivecellsthatholdsthemonthearterialwall.Aslongasthegroundsubstanceremainsfirmandhealthy,thesecellsstayinplaceandthearteryisprotectedfromdisease.35,36,37,38,39Whenthegroundsubstancebecomeswatery,however,openspacesbetweentheseliningcellsappear,allowingplaque-buildingsubstancesinthebloodtoentermoreeasily.40,41,42Theprocessofplaqueformation,andthesubsequentcloggingoftheartery,requiresthisinitialchangeintheconsistencyofgroundsubstancefromgel-liketowatery.

Question:Whatcausesthedeteriorationofthegroundsubstance?

Answer:AlocalizeddeficiencyofvitaminCinthecoronaryarteries—calledafocalscurvy—resultsinabreakdownofthegroundsubstance.Incontrast,acontinuousandgeneroussupplyofvitaminCtothearterialliningskeepsthegroundsubstanceinitshealthy,gel-likestate.43,44,45,46,47,48,49

Thatmeans…

thesolitaryrootcauseofallcoronaryarterialblockagesisavitaminCdeficiencyinthecoronaryarteries!

Furthermore,vitaminCisrequiredfortheformationandmaintenanceofstrongandresilientcollagen.Sincecollagenisoneofthemainstructuralcomponentsofthearterialwall,acontinuingdeficiencyofvitaminCisresponsibleformorethaninitiatingarterialdisease.TheC-deficientenvironmentalsoresultsinanunrestrainedbuild-upofplaqueasthebodyattemptstofortifyarteriescontinuallyweakenedbyadecliningqualityandquantityofcollagen.

Fordecades,“traditional”medicinehasaddressedcoronaryheartdiseasebytreating

symptomsandattemptingtolimitriskfactorswithoutaddressing,orevenacknowledging,itsrootcause:afocalscurvyofthecoronaryarteries.

Asaconsequence,Americansspendbillionsofdollarseveryyearonexpensivedrugsandevenmoreexpensiveproceduresthatonlyretardtheprogressionofthislethaldisease.Allthewhile,effectivevitaminCsupplementationwouldpreventthediseaseinmanywhodonotalreadyhaveit.Athoroughreviewofthescientificevidenceindicatesthatcoronaryarterieswithuninterrupted,abundantaccesstovitaminCwouldNEVERdevelopartery-pluggingplaques.IfallofusmaintainedaC-richenvironmentinourcoronaryarteries,themassivelylucrativeheartdiseaseindustrywoulddryupovernight.

Andforthosewhoalreadyhavecoronaryheartdisease,thereareeffectivevitaminCprotocolsthatwouldhalttheprogression—andinmanycasesevendissolve—theproliferating,life-endangeringplaquethatclogstheirarteries.Inapublishedcasestudy,forexample,anangiogramrevealeda75%blockageintherightcoronaryarteryand50%blockagesinotherarteriesofa62year-oldfemale.AtreatmentcombinationfeaturingvitaminC,lysine,andprolinewasusedtotreatherforapproximately19months.Attheendofthetreatmentperiodarepeatangiogramrevealedthatthe75%blockagewasreducedto40%andthe50%blockageshaddisappearedaltogether.50

Thislevelofblockagereversalisconsideredimpossibleby“traditional”cardiacmedicine!Butthecaseabove,aswellasstudiespublishedover50yearsago,showthatthe“arterial-plaque-buildup-is-irreversible”mantraissimplynottrue.51,52Italsoshowsthatthereversalofsignificantblockagescanbeaveryrealisticgoalformanyheartpatients.

UnderstandingtheHeartDiseaseProcessThismayseemabitsimplistic,butforthevastmajorityofcoronaryheartdisease

victims,theprocessstartsandprogressesasfollows:

1)AlocalizedvitaminCdeficiencydevelopsinthecoronaryarteries.

2)Injurytothearteryresultsfromabreakdownintheprotectiveliningofthearteryasthegroundsubstancebecomeswatery.Thearterythenlosesitsabilitytosecurelyaffixandsealtheinterior,protectivecellsonthearterialwall.

3)Plaquebeginstoformascalcium,cholesterol,fats,andothersubstancesfloatinginthebloodpenetratethearterialwallthroughthegapsleftbythedeterioratinggroundsubstance.Sensinganevolvingweaknessintheartery,thebodycompensatesbytryingtopatch,seal,andfortifyit.Thebodywillevensynthesizewadsofcollagenfibersoverthearteriallininginanattempttostrengthenthefailingvessel.

4)Asallthiscompensatoryactivitycontinues,thearterialwallsharden,thicken,andbegintoblocktheflowofbloodthroughthevessel.

5)IftheC-deficiencyisquicklyandadequatelyaddressed,thearterywillhealandtheblockageswillshrink.Ifnot,theblockageswillcontinuetogrowandeventuallyendangerthelifeofthevictim.

AnalloutC-deficiency(generalscurvy)cancertainlyproducethisdisease-causingfocalscurvyinthearteries.However,suchpatientsdielongbeforearterialblockagesbecomeaproblem.MultiplefactorsthatcontributetoavitaminCdeficiencyincludethefollowing:

•Normal,everydaytoxicexposures

•Ever-presentpathogens(evenwhennoinfectionexists)

•Freeradicalsfromnormalmetabolism

•ThemanybodilyprocessesthatrequirevitaminC

•Acuteorchronicinfections

•HumansnolongersynthesizetheirownvitaminC

Additionally,alloftheacceptedriskfactorsforcoronaryheartdiseasecontributetoavitaminCdeficiencyand/oraremadeworsebyit.53ThelinkbetweenvitaminCandalltheseriskfactorswillnotbecoveredherebutalistofthem,withsupportingstudies,canbereviewedinResourceD.Becausecholesterol,highbloodpressure,anddiabetesareespeciallyhigh-profileriskfactors,theywillbegivenspecialattentionlaterinthischapter.

SpecificCausesofArterialC-DeficiencyInadditiontotheuniversalC-depletingmechanismslistedabove,therearecertain

factorsthatespeciallydepletevitaminCinandaroundtheheart.Disease-causingmicrobesandtoxinsfromthemoutharethebiggestdrainsonvitaminCstoresinthebodyformostpeople.Generallypoordentalhealth,mercury-containingamalgamfillings,gumdisease,androotcanal-treatedteethdumpacontinualfloodofC-destroyingtoxinsandpathogensintotheblood,withthecoronaryarteriesbeingthefirstarteriesreached.54,55,56,57,58

Athoroughdiscussionofdentalinfectionsandtheirassociatedtoxinsrequiresabookofitsown(foranywhowouldlikemoredetail,suchabookalreadyexists:TheRootsofDisease,byRobertKulacz,DDSandmyself).Butsufficeittosay,themouthisoftentheprimarysourceforthetoxinsandmaliciousmicrobesthatinitiateandfueldegenerativediseasessuchascancer,heartdisease,andothers.59

Here’saprimaryexampleofadisease-spreadingdentalprocedure:therootcanal.First,itisimportanttonotethatallrootcanal-treatedteethareinfectedbythetimetheprocedureiscompleted,ifnotearlier.Theprocedureisnotperformedonahealthytooth,butonlyononethatisdiseased.Inanattemptto“save”thetooth,thenervesandtheirsupportingbloodvesselsinthetoothareremoved.Thisprovidesfreedomfromfuturediscomfort,butitalsoeliminatesthebody’sonlyroutebywhichtheimmunesystemcanfighttheinfection.

Aggressivecanaldrillingremovessomeoftheinfection,butneverenoughtoreachsterility,whichisessentialforahealthytooth.Itisa“fatally-flawed”procedurethatassuresachronicallyinfectedtootheverytimeitisdone.Priortocappingoffthetooth,inanobleattemptto“disinfect”anyremaininginfectioninthetooth,asterilizingagentispushedintothefreshlydrilledcanals.Unfortunately,thereareanaverageofthreemilesofcapillary-sizedtubesineachtoothwherethedisinfectantisunabletogo,sotheinfectionandresultanttoxinsremainandmultiply.

WestonPrice,DDSfoundthatitwasnearlyimpossibletosterilizeextractedrootcanal-treatedteeth—evenoutsidethebody,usingmeasurestooextremeforatoothstillinthemouth!Inoneofmanystudies,Dr.Priceextractedarootcanal-treatedtoothfromapatientsufferingfromaseverediseaseinvolvingthecentralnervoussystem.Thissingleextractedtoothwasconsecutivelyplacedundertheskinsof31rabbits.Alltherabbitsrapidlydevelopedasimilarcentralnervoussystemdisease.Worstyet,alldied!59

Thissametypeofexperimentwastriedwithmanydifferentrootcanal-treatedteethextractedfrompatientswithawidevarietyofailments.Innearlyeverycase,thelabanimalsdevelopedthesamediseaseastheonedisplayedbythepatientfromwhomthetoothhadbeenextracted.Thisprovestomethatanytheoryclaimingrootcanalsaresafeissimplywrong.

Over5,000successiveextractedrootcanalsweretestedforverypotenttoxins,and100%ofthemwerefoundtohavethesetoxins.Thepresenceofthesetoxins,alongwiththeinfectionsthatproducethem,makerootcanalsthemostsignificantdepletersof

vitaminCinthebody.Becauseofthis:

Rootcanalscausemoreheartdiseaseandmorecancerthananyothersinglefactor.

Theramificationsofthisinformationforhearthealthareterrifyingbecauseinfectedrootcanal-treatedteethliterallysquirtC-depleting,disease-causingpathogensandtoxinsintothesurroundingnetworkofbloodvesselswitheverychew.Thefreshly-contaminatedbloodisthenpumpedbacktowardtheheartthroughtheveinsandeventuallyintothefirstofthearteriesencountered:thecoronaries.Asaresult,vitaminCinthecoronaryarteriesthatshouldbekeepingthegroundsubstanceandarterialcollagenfirmandhealthybecomescompletelyspentasittriestoneutralizetheincomingonslaughtofinfectiousmicrobesandharmfultoxins.ThislocalizeddeficiencyofvitaminCopensthedoortothefirststageofatherosclerosisandtheresultantbuild-upofplaquefromthemanywell-knownriskfactors.

Ofcourse,dentistswhoperformrootcanalsbelievetheprocedureiscompletelysafe.Atleast,thatiswhattheysay.Theyhavebeentaughttodiscreditanychallengesasbeingsilly,radical,uninformed,andevenridiculous.Andthewell-fundedAmericanDentalAssociation(ADA)—anorganizationestablishedtoprotectdentistsandpromotemoderndentistry,notpatienthealth—providespromotionalandlegalhelpinsquelchingallopposingvoices.

TheAdmitted“TemporaryFix”ofCurrentTherapiesWhenasked,mostcardiologistswilladmitthatbypasssurgeries,angioplasties,andstent

placementsrarelyresultinapermanentsolution.Theyknowthatarterialblockageswillcontinuetoprogress.Thisisoftenthecaseforthreereasons:

1)ThesourceofvitaminCdepletionisnottreated.

2)TheamountofvitaminCingestedbythepatientusuallyremainsattheoriginal,insufficientlevels.

3)ThevitaminCdoesnotadequatelypenetrateintothemostdeficientareasofthearteries.

Severalyearsago,aclosefriendhada“Y”stentinstalledinhisseriouslyoccludedcoronaryarteries.Becausetherewerecontinuingissueswithhisheartandtheneedforadditionalstentingoverashortperiodoftime,Irecommendedtheremovalofhisonlyrootcanal-treatedtooth.HissupplementationregimenwasoneofthebestIhadeverseen,yetitwasnotuntilhisrootcanalcameoutthathischestpainsstoppedandhisblockagesstoppedtheirrapidprogression.Itwasonlythenthathishigh-qualitysupplementation,whichincluded9gramsofliposome-encapsulatedvitaminCperday,werefinally“allowed”todotheirjob.Athis5-yearcheckup,thecardiologistsweretotallyflabbergastedthatthestentswereas“cleanasthedaytheywereplaced!”CertainlyIwaspleased,butnotatallsurprised.TheywerecleanbecausethevitaminCdeficiencyinhisarterieshadfinallybeenresolved.

Curesresultwhenrootcausesareeliminated,notwhensymptomsaretreatedorsuppressed.Inthesamewaythatputtinganewpipearoundanoldblockedpipeunder

yourkitchensinkwillnotcleartheblockage,treatingarterialblockageswithoutaddressingtheunderlyingcause—lowvitaminClevelsinthecoronaryarteries—willneverprovideapermanentresolution.Theblockageswillcontinuetoworsen.

CholesterolandVitaminCDeficiencyFordecades“traditional”medicinehaspromotedcholesterolasaprimaryvillainin

coronaryheartdisease.Granted,multipletrialshaveshownthatadecreaseincholesterollevelsdecreasestheincidenceofarterialblockagesandheartattack.60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67

Butadditionalstudiesshowthat:

•ArterialblockageswillstartandgrowwithavitaminCdeficiencyalone—inthetotalabsenceofcholesterolelevations68

•SerumcholesterollevelsincreasewithavitaminCdeficiency69,70,71,72,73,74,75

•ExcessivecholesteroldepletesvitaminC76,77

•VitaminCsupplementationlowersserumcholesterol—evenwithahigh-cholesteroldiet78,79,80,81,82,83

•VitaminCsupplementationprotectsarteriesfromplaquebuild-up,eveninthepresenceofhighserumcholesterol84,85

ThesestudiesaddfurtherproofthatvitaminCisessentialformaintainingthehealthofthecoronaryarteries.Thebuild-upofcholesterol-containingplaqueissimplypartofthebody’sresponsetoaweakeningofthearterialwallinitiatedbyalackofvitaminC.InthepresenceofacontinuingdeficiencyofvitaminC,aprogressivearterialbreakdownoccursthattriggersfurtherformationofvessel-narrowingplaque.

HighBloodPressureandVitaminCDeficiencyAlthoughnotassignedtheprimaryroleinthecauseofcoronaryheartdisease,high

bloodpressureisseenasaverysignificantriskfactorinthedevelopmentofarterialdisease,anditisknowntospeeduptheprocess.86,87,88

Additionalstudiesshowthat:

•VitaminCdeficiencycancauseandworsenhighbloodpressure89,90,91

•VitaminCsupplementationlowersbloodpressureofhypertensivepatients92,93,94,95,96,97

•RegularandsufficientvitaminCsupplementationisrequiredtomaintaintheoptimalcollagencontentinbloodvessels98,99,100

•Maintenanceofarterialintegrityinthepresenceofelevated(orevennormal)bloodpressurerequiresoptimalqualityandquantityofcollagenintheartery98,99,100

Highbloodpressureisnotsomethingtoignore;itcanbeverydangerouswhensustainedovertime.However,multiplestudiesshowthatadequatelevelsofvitaminClowerbloodpressureandprotectthecoronaryarteriesfromdamageresultingfromexcessivepressureinthesevessels.

DiabetesandVitaminCDeficiencyStudiesshowthatdiabetesisawell-establishedriskfactorforcoronaryheart

disease.101,102Therelationshipbetweendiabetesandatherosclerosisissostrongthattwooutofeverythreediabeticswilldiefromcoronaryheartdiseaseorstroke.103ManyotherstudieshighlightthecloseinterrelationshipbetweenvitaminCdeficiencyanddiabetes.

Here’sasmallsample:

•VitaminCisinvolvedinthesynthesisofinsulin104

•VitaminCplaysanessentialroleinregulatingthereleaseofinsulin105

•DiabeticshavegreatlyreducedplasmalevelsofvitaminC106,107,108,109,110

•HighbloodsugarlimitscellularuptakeofvitaminC111,112,113,114,115,116

•LowseruminsulinlimitscellularuptakeofvitaminC111,112,113,114,115,116

•Diabeticshaveamuchgreaterincidenceofadvancedperiodontaldisease—anotherriskfactorforincreasedriskofheartattack117(AseveredeficiencyofvitaminCisalwaysseenintheinflamedandinfectedgumsofadvancedperiodontaldisease)

•RegularandsufficientvitaminCsupplementationisextremelyimportantfortheoptimaltreatmentofdiabetes117

ThecontinualandseverevitaminCdeficiencycausedbydiabetesisresponsibleformostofthisdisease’snegativeimpactonthebody.Incombinationwiththeincreasedinflammationandelevatedbloodfats(likecholesterol)typicalindiabetes,thiscriticaldeficiencyofvitaminCinbloodvesselsgreatlyacceleratesthedevelopmentofarterialblockages.ThedetrimentalhealthimpactofdiabetesisnotonlycompoundedbyavitaminCdeficiency,butthediseaseitselfgreatlyaddstothatdeficiencyinthebloodandtissues.Thisrealityunderscoresthediabetic’senhancedneedforlargedosesofvitaminCeveryday.

ConclusionConsiderthefacts:

•VitaminCdeficiencyinthecoronaryarteriesistheSOLITARYROOTCAUSEofallcoronaryheartdisease

•ContinuingvitaminCdeficiencyinthecoronaryarteriesdiminishesthequalityandquantityofcollageninthearterialwallwhichcausesfurtherbreakdownofthearteryandfacilitatesthegrowthofplaque

•VitaminCdeficiencyisassociatedwitheveryknownheartdiseaseriskfactor

•VitaminCsupplementationlowerscholesterol

•VitaminCsupplementationreduceshighbloodpressure

•VitaminCsupplementationisextremelyimportantfortheoptimaltreatmentofdiabetes

•VitaminC,aloneandincombinationwithothersupplements,hasreversedarterialblockages

•VitaminCsupplementationlowerstheincidenceandmortalityriskofcoronaryheartdisease

•“Traditional”therapiesfortreatingarterialblockagesareadmittedlytemporaryandcannotbereliedupontoreverse,stop,orevenslowthegrowthofthoseblockages

Theimportanceofhigh-dosevitaminCinmaintaininghealthyarteriesandpreventingatherosclerosiscannotbeunderestimated.IfhumansstillhadthecapacitytosynthesizevitaminCinquantitiescommensuratewiththeirneed,thisdiseasemightbetotallynon-existent.Sincemostofus(perhapsallofus)donothavethatability,theonlyreasonableoptionistosupplementbasedonourchangingneeds.Thisrequiresregularevaluationofourdiseasestate,thedegreeofourexposuretotoxins,andthestatusofthevariouscoronaryheartdiseaseriskfactorsknowntofurtherreducevitaminClevelsinthebody.ThebestvitaminCsupplementationcannotbeexpectedtopreventcoronaryheartdiseasewhenhighdailytoxinexposuresarenotalsoeliminatedorseverelycurtailed.

Don’texpect“traditional”medicinetoembraceandpromotevitaminC,however.Shiploadsofegoandunimaginablequantitiesofmoneystandbehindmaintainingestablishedheartdiseasetreatmentmethods.Infact,theresistancewillgrowuntilaneducatedpopulaceforceschange.Yet,anevengreaterresistance—moremoneyandgreaterego—opposestheproperuseofvitaminCagainstcancer,ournexttopicofdiscussion…118

ChapterFiveHigh-DoseVitaminC:Nature’sCancerAnswer

Toxictissuesgonemad!SincePresidentNixondeclaredwaragainstcancernearly40yearsago,U.S.taxpayers

havespentbillionsuponbillionsofdollarsoncancerresearch.Whathasthatboughtus?

Cancerresearcherstellusthatsurvivalratesarebetternow.That’sgoodnews,buttheimprovementcannotbeattributedtosuperiortreatmentmethodsanddrugs.ArecentreportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlcreditsmuchofthepositivechangetoearlydetectionandlifestylemodifications.119Inaddition,there’sacommonlymisunderstoodfactorthatfurtherdistortsthepicture:a“cancersurvivor”isdefinedasapatientwholivesbeyondthefifthyear—evenifdeathfromcanceroccursadaylater.

Factis,cancerdeathsareatanall-timehigh.Evenbythemostoptimisticofappraisalswearenotwinningthewar!Why?

Perhapswe’refightingthewrongenemy…Lesionsandtumorsarethevisibleevidenceofcancer.Theyappearwhennormalcells

go“mad”andbegintomalfunctionandmultiplyinawaythatisdetrimentaltothebody.Conventionalprotocolsattackthesemalignanttissueswithsurgery,radiation,and/orchemotherapy.Ifandwhenthesediseasedtissuesdisappear,thecancerissaidtobeinremission.Frequently,toeveryone’sdismay,thecancerreturns.Thisiswhyoncologistsneverusetheword“cure.”

Healthycells,bydefinition,arenotdiseased;nordohealthycellscausedisease.Alldiseasestartswhenhealthycellsaredamagedandceasetofunctionnormally.Sowhywouldn’tweexpectcancertoreturnifthefactorsthatpushednormalcellsintoamalignantstateareneveraddressed?

Therealenemythen,iswhatevercausesthemalignantchangeinthefirstplace.Interestingly,theAmericanCancerSocietyhasarealisticgriponwhatcausescancer,eventhoughitspurportedpursuitofacurehasbeencompletelyfutile.

AlthoughtheAmericanCancerSocietyassertsthat“cancerisacomplexgroupofdiseaseswithmanypossiblecauses,”120itseemstounderstandthattoxinsandpathogensarealwaystherootcauseofcancer.Itdividestheriskfactorsintofiveareas:genetics,tobacco,dietandphysicalactivity,sunandUVexposure,andothercarcinogens.121Thisishardlyanexhaustivelist,yetaneffectivetreatmentwouldcertainlyneedtoaddressalloftheseareas,andmore.Interestingly,mostofthesecausesarerelatedtotoxinsand/orpathogens.Ofcourse,toxinsandpathogensarebothbesttreatedwithhigh-dosevitaminC.Let’sexaminesomeofthesecausesalittlefurther:

Genetics.Apredispositiontodevelopcertaincancerscanbepassedongenetically.However,theactualdiseaseisnotinherited.Althoughnotadirectcause,aninherited

propensityweakensthebody’sabilitytodefendagainstcancer-causingagents.Forexample,anindividualmaybelackinginanenzymethathelpstonaturallyneutralizeasignificanttoxin.

Tobacco.Thissubstance,alongwithmanyotherlegalandillicitdrugs,containsmultipletoxinsandisclearlylinkedtothedevelopmentofcancer.

DietandPhysicalActivity.TheAmericanCancerSocietyproposesthatpoorlifestylechoicescontributetocancerrisk.Asthelifestyleissuesareexamineditbecomesclearthattoxinsandpathogensarethefinalcommondenominatorofthatrisk.Somedietarychoicesintroducetoxins,suchaspesticidesorfoodadditives,intothebody.Aswell,wrongfoodchoicescaninhibitthebody’sabilitytoneutralizeand/oreliminatetoxinsandit’sabilitytokeeppathogensatbay,primarilythroughimmunesystem-damagingnutrientdeficiencies.Alackofexercisealsosuppressesthebody’sdefensesystemagainsttoxinsandpathogens.

SunandUVExposure.Allradiation—whetherfromthesun,tanningbeds,diagnosticequipment,radioactivecontamination,orothersources—isaknowncarcinogen.Althoughradiationmaynotlooklikeone,itstilldamagescellsandtissuesjustlikeatoxin,depletingelectronsfromvitalbiomolecules(seeResourceH:Radiation).

OtherCarcinogens.TheAmericanCancerSocietyrightlyidentifiestoxinsandcertainpathogensascancer-causingagents.

Metastasis.OneofthecausesnotmentionedbytheAmericanCancerSocietyiscanceritself.Oncologistscallit“metastasis.”Thisprocessoccursascancercellsfromonetissuebreakintothebloodorlymphaticvesselsandmovetoanewsiteandinitiatecancerthere.

Sincemost,ifnotall,cancersbeginthroughtoxicexposure,pathogenicchallenges,ormetastasis,itfollowsthata“cure”wouldhavetoaddressallthreecauses.Inadditiontoremovingallknownpathogenandtoxicexposureswherepossible,thestrategymustadministerasafeandeffective:

1.Universalantimicrobial(pathogeniccauses)

2.Ultimateantidote(toxiccauses)

3.Agentthatstrengthensbloodandlymphaticvessels(metastaticcauses)

4.Agentthatselectivelykillscancercells(metastaticcauses)

5.Agentthatselectivelystrengthenshealthycells(allcauses)

VitaminChasalreadybeenshowntobeauniversalantimicrobial(ChapterOne),andtheultimateantidote(ChapterTwo).Itisrequiredtokeepbloodvesselwallsstrongandhealthy(ChapterFour).StudiesthatwillbediscussedinthischapteralsoshowthatvitaminCselectivelykillscancercellsandsimultaneouslystrengthenshealthycells.Noothersubstancecanmaketheseclaims,thusprovingthat….

Nature’sPowerfulCancerAnswerisHigh-DoseVitaminC

CancerPreventionPreviously,theCambridgestudythatmeasuredbloodlevelsofvitaminCandcorrelated

theresultstomortalityrateswascited.Thisstudyfoundthatthenumberofdeaths—includingcancerdeaths—inthegroupwiththehighestvitaminCbloodlevelswas50%lessthanthemortalityrateinthegroupwiththelowestlevels.122

Anearlierstudyfoundsimilarresults.Thoseresearchersconcludedthatdeathfromcancerwas45%lessinthegroupwiththehighestbloodlevelsofvitaminC.SuchfindingsstronglydemonstratethatincreasingbloodlevelsofvitaminCprovidessignificantanti-cancerprotection.123

Inaddition,thereiseveryreasontobelievethatvitaminCbloodlevelsevenhigherthanthosemeasuredinthehealthiestgroupineachstudywouldprovideevengreaterprotection.

CancerTreatmentwithVitaminCIntheUnitedStates,thegovernmentonlyauthorizessurgery,radiation,andFDA-

approvedchemotherapydrugsforthetreatmentofcancer.Thoseprovidingalternativetreatmentsriskfines,imprisonment,persistentinvestigation,and/orlossoflicenseiftheyprescribeorutilizeanythingoutsideoftheseapprovedprotocols.Notonlydoesthistotalitarianstructureblockprogressinthewaragainstcancer,iteffectivelykeepsthosewhoaremakingprogressfrompublishingtheirfindingsinpeer-reviewedjournals.

Evenso,somearecourageousenoughtostepforward.HerearerecapsofthreesuchcaseswherevitaminCtherapywasused:

RenalCellCarcinoma.Therightkidneyofa70year-oldmalewasremovedafteritwasfoundtobecancerous.Duringthesurgerydoctorsdiscoveredthatthepatient’scancerhadspreadtotheliverandlung.Neitherradiationnorchemotherapywasused.Instead,intravenousvitaminCtreatmentwasstartedat30gramstwiceaweek.Aftersixweeksoftherapy,thepatientstatedthathefeltgoodandanexamconfirmedthathiscancerlesionswereshrinking.Fifteenmonthsafterstartingtherapy,therewerenosignsofprogressivecancer.Heremainedcancer-freefor14yearsuntilhefinallydiedofcongestiveheartfailure.124

Non-Hodgkin’sLymphoma.Alymphatictumoraroundthespineofa66year-oldfemalewastreatedwithlocalizedradiationtherapyfivedaysperweekforfiveweeks.Simultaneously,shewasstartedonintravenousvitaminCtwiceperweek.Aftertheradiationtherapy,chemotherapywasrecommendedwhichthepatientrefused.ThevitaminCtherapywascontinued,however,andshealsoaddedseveraloralsupplementsafterlabtestsindicatedspecificdeficiencies.

Aboutfivemonthsafterthestartoftreatment,thepatientreportedpainandswellingofthelymphnodesatthebaseofherneckjustabovethecollarbone.Oneofthenodeswassurgicallyremoved.Apathologyreportindicatedthepresenceofmalignantlymphomacells.Heroncologistrecommendedmoreradiationandchemotherapy,whichsherefused.Instead,theintravenousvitaminCandoralsupplementationwerecontinuedforanother

19months.Thecancerfinallydisappeared,andeightyearslater,whenthestudywaspublished,thepatientwasstillcancer-free.125

ColonCancer.A51year-oldmandevelopedbrightredrectalbleeding.Examinationfoundamalignancyinthecolon.Surgeonsdiscoveredthathistumorhadpenetratedthroughthebowelandintosurroundingfattytissue.Theyalsofoundthatthecancerhadspreadtohisliver.Followingsurgery,chemotherapywasstarted.ThepatientandhiswifeaskedtheoncologistaboutvitaminCtherapy.HeassuredthemthatvitaminCwouldbeofnovalue.

Subsequentexaminationandsurgerydeterminedthathiscancerhadcontinuedtospreadandhadmovedtohisstomach.Althoughhewastoldhisprospectsforsurvivalwereslim,anotherroundofchemotherapywasprescribed.AgainthepatientaskedaboutvitaminCtherapy.Theoncologistresponded,“Iknowofnostudieswhichshowthatthis[vitaminCtherapy]woulderadicateordelayprogressionofcancer.”

Despitethetworecommendationsagainstit,thepatientfoundanindependentclinictoadministerintravenousvitaminCat100gramstwiceperweekwhilehecontinuedtheprescribedchemotherapy.AlittlelateroralsupplementationofvitaminsandmineralswasaddedtotheregimenofvitaminC.Afteraboutfivemonthsthepatientwentonatwo-weekvacation.DuringthistimehecontinuedchemotherapybutdiscontinuedtheintravenousvitaminC.Almostimmediatelyhebegantoexperience,forthefirsttime,thetypicalchemotherapysideeffectsofnausea,diarrhea,stomachpain,andinflammationofthemucousmembranesofthemouthandthroat.

Uponreturningfromvacation,vitaminCtherapywasresumed.Thesideeffectsstoppedimmediately.ACATscanoverayearlatershowednoevidenceofcancer.Inaninterviewafterwards,hedescribedhimselfas“perfectlyhealthy.”126

Undoubtedly,manywillassertthatthethreeprecedingcasestudiesareonlyanecdotalandthatitdoesnotprovethatvitaminCiseffectiveintreatingcancer.Thetobaccoindustryusedthesamekindofself-serving“logic”fordecades.“Themuchhigherincidenceoflungcanceramongthosewhosmokedoesn’tprovethatsmokingcausescancer.”

Fromaphilosophicalpositionitmaybetruethatcasestudiesdon’tprovidethesamequalityofproofasalarge,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlledstudy.Butfromapracticalposition,thesepeople—andmanyothers127,128,129,130,131,132—wereverysickandnowarewell.Coincidence?Idon’tthinkso.

MoreEvidence.AttheOasisofHope,acancertreatmenthospitaloutsidetheU.S.,anewhigh-doseintravenousvitaminCprotocolwithoutchemotherapyisbeingemployed.They’vebeenusingitforjustovertwoyears.Evenso,theirpublished2-yearsurvivalratesforStageIVcancersareimpressivelybetterthanthoseachievedwithconventionaltherapies:133

•Breastcancer—75%moresurvivors

•Lungcancer—887%moresurvivors

•Colorectalcancer—107%moresurvivors

Tobecomplete,itshouldbenotedthattreatmentsattheOasisofHopeincludeseveralaspectsnotassociatedwithconventionaltherapiesintheU.S.Theseinclude:

•Lifestylechangesincludingexerciseandadietrichinraw,organicfoods(reducingtoxicexposure)andavoidanceofrefinedsugars(improvingvitaminCuptakeandeliminatingcancer’sfavoritefood)134

•Emotionalandspiritualcounseling135

TheOasisofHope,whichalsooffersconventionaltherapies,saysthisabouttheiralternativevitaminCtherapy(IRT-C):

“TheverygoodnewsabouttheIRT-Capproachisthatitdoesnotharmnormalhealthytissues,whichhaveadequateantioxidantdefenses;thus,IRT-Cisvirtuallyfreeofsideeffects.”136

Everymonththousandsofhospitalpatientsdiefromreactionstodrugs—drugsthathavebeenprescribedandproperlyadministeredaccordingtoFDA-approvedprotocols.NotasingleFDA-approvedcancerdrughasevercomeremotelyclosetobeingfreeofhazardoussideeffects.AveryunacceptablepercentageofpeopletreatedwithFDA-approvedcancerdrugsstilldiefromcancer.AndyetaphysicianintheU.S.whogetscaughtusingnon-FDA-approvedprotocolsoncancerpatientscangotoprison.Anditdoesn’tmatterhowoftenorhowmanyofthecancersdisappear.

SpecificAnti-MetastaticMechanismsofVitaminCVitaminCInhibitsBothTumorGrowthandCancerSpreadInthesamewayanoptimumlevelofvitaminCinthecoronaryarterieskeepsthe

cellularglue(groundsubstance)inbloodvesselsfirmandhealthy,itisalsoresponsiblefortheformationofastrong,supportive,extracellularmatrixinothertissuesthroughoutthebody.137,138,139,140,141,142,143AdeficiencyofvitaminCallowsthisgroundsubstance,ormatrix,tobecomeweakandwatery.Whenthisdeficientstatebecomescontinuous,tumorgrowthcanbebothinitiatedandfacilitatedbecausetheexternalsupportgridthatwouldnormallyrestraincellularproliferationcannolongerdoso.

Whengroundsubstancelosesitsfirmgelatinousconsistencyandbecomeswatery,thedoorisopenformalignantcellstobreakthroughlymphaticandbloodvesselwallsandmigratetootherareasofthebody.

High-dosevitaminCkeepsgroundsubstancestrongandprovidesoptimumanti-cancerprotectionforhealthycells—includingthosedirectlyadjacenttoanalreadyexistingtumororlesion.

High-DoseVitaminCKillsCancerCellsOneoftheamazingpropertiesofvitaminCisthatitcanprotecthealthycellswhile

simultaneouslyandselectivelycausingrapidcelldeathincancercells.Untilrecentlythemechanismforthisseeminglycontradictoryfunctionwasamystery.Butnowweknow

how.Here’sthesecret…

CancercellsdifferfromhealthycellsinseveralwaysthatmakethemvulnerabletovitaminC-initiateddeath.Herearetwoofthemostsignificant:

1)Cancercells(andmanypathogensaswell)accumulateveryhighlevelsoffreeiron.

2)Cancercellsdonotproducesignificantamountsofaprotectiveenzyme(catalase),whichpermitsaccumulationofintracelluarhydrogenperoxide.

InthepresenceofvitaminC,freeironproducesapowerfulpro-oxidantsubstancefromhydrogenperoxide—calledthehydroxylradical(viaabiochemicalpathwayknownastheFentonreaction).144Thisaggressivepro-oxidantisthemosttoxicsubstanceknowntomanbecauseitwilldestroyanymoleculetowhichitisexposed.Fortunately,inhealthycellsthereislittleFentonreactionactivity,sincenormalcatalaselevelskeephydrogenperoxidelevelsverylow,andverylittlefreeironiseverpresentaswell.

If,however,thereissufficientvitaminCinacancercell,largequantitiesofhydroxylradicalsareproducedbecauseofthehighlevelsoffreeironandhydrogenperoxideinsidethecancercell.WithenoughFentonreactionactivity,manynewlycreatedhydroxylradicalsvigorouslyattackandultimatelydestroythecontentsofthecancercell,andthenthecancercellitself.145,146Inthisway…

VitaminCistheultimatechemotherapeuticagent:Itimprovesandprotectsthehealthofnormalcellswhileproducingthe

mosttoxicofsubstancesinsidecancercells!VitaminCDoesNotHinder,ButSupportsTraditionalChemotherapyMost,ifnotall,oncologistsrealizethatvitaminCisapowerfulantioxidant.Theyalso

knowthatradiationandchemotherapeuticdrugsarehighlypro-oxidant,orhighlytoxicduetotheirpro-oxidantnature.ThatiswhymostcancerdoctorswillrecommendagainsttheconcurrentuseofvitaminCandradiation/chemo.TheirargumentsuggeststhatvitaminCwillpowerfullyneutralizetheirhighlytoxictherapies,therebyrenderingthemineffective.And,infact,ifthevitaminCandradiation/chemowereadministeredsimultaneously,theywouldbecorrect.

WhenadministrationofvitaminCisappropriatelystaggeredfromtheadministrationofradiationand/orchemotherapy,thedamagingaspectsofconventionaltherapiescanbeminimizedwhilethecancer-killingpropertiesareoptimized.Considerthefollowingpoints:

•Radiation/Chemotherapeuticdrugsweakenallcellsexposedtoit—yetthedesireistoinflictdamageoncancercellsalone

•VitaminCentersalreadyweakenedcancercellsandfacilitatescelldeathviatheFentonreactiondiscussedpreviously

•VitaminChelpsweakenedhealthycells,includingimmunesystemcells,torepair

damagetothemcausedbythetraditionaltherapies,therebygreatlylesseningsideeffectsandimprovingimmunefunction

VitaminC,infact,issogoodatlesseningsideeffectsthatoncologistsoftenconcludetheirprescribedradiationorchemotherapyisbeingneutralizedandthereforenoteffective.However,studieshaveshownthatvitaminCnotonlyhasitsowncancercell-killingabilities,butthatitactuallyenhancestheeffectivenessofchemotherapy.147,148,149

AdverseStudiesRegardingVitaminCandCancerAfewstudieshavefailedtoconfirmearlierfindingsofvitaminC’sefficacyinthe

treatmentofcancer.However,allofthesestudiesusedinadequatedosesofvitaminC,andsomeusedoralratherthanintravenousadministration.Ofcourse,itiswell-knownthateverymedicationismorepotentwhengivenbyveinratherthanbymouth.

Furthermore,itiswell-establishedthatintravenousinfusionsproducemuchhigherbloodlevelsofvitaminCthanoralsupplementationofanidenticaldose.ThisisespeciallytruewhentheoralvitaminCisinawater-solubleform.Researchshowsthatasanoraldoseincreases,theactualpercentageofCenteringthebloodstreamdramaticallydecreases.MostphysicianswhoutilizevitaminCintheircancertreatmentsstatethatdosesbetween50to100gramspertreatmentarerequired.Therefore,itisunlikelythatatherapyusingonlyoralsupplementationtherapywouldbeeffectiveintreatingcancer.Someresearchers,however,maintainthatoralsupplementationcanactuallyimprovetheefficacyofintravenousvitaminCwhenusedtogether.

Asinthetreatmentofinfectiousdiseasesandserioustoxinexposures,adosesizethatistoosmallwillguaranteeunsatisfactoryresults.SincevitaminCisinexpensiveandcompletelysafe—evenatintravenousdosesof300grams(seeChapterSeven)—thereisabsolutelynoreasontoskimp.Thatis,unlessonewantsthetherapytofail,asintheAllanSmithcasediscussedearlier.

ConclusionThe“cure”forcancerhaseludedresearchersforhalfacentury.Strategiesthatrely

entirelyontheuseofradiationandchemotherapydrugs—bothknowntocausecanceranddamageorkillnormalcells—havenot,anddareIsay,willneverproduceanythingapproachingavictoryinthiswar.What’smore,aslongassurgery,radiation,andchemotherapyaretheonlyapprovedmodesoftreatment,cancersurvivalstatisticswillneverbeacceptable.

VitaminChasbeenshowntopreventcancerandtoselectivelykillcancerinboththelaboratoryandthebody.AlthoughI’mnotsuggestingthatvitaminConitsownwillpreventorcureallcancers,itdoeshaveatrackrecordthatshowsitissignificantlymoreeffectivethanconventionaltherapies.IftheFoodandDrugAdministrationwouldliftits“unapproveddrug”restrictions,vitaminCwillbecomeafoundationalpartofmanypowerful,andexceptionallysuccessfulprotocolsusedtofightthisdisease.

VitaminCissafe,inexpensive,easytouse,andprevents,mitigates,andevencuresamind-numbinglistofdiseasesandconditions.BasedupontheCambridgestudyandmy

ownclinicalexperiences,Ibelievethatpeoplewhoreducetheirexposuretotoxins(particularlydentaltoxicity),eatahealthydiet,andregularlysupplementwithhigh-dosevitaminC,wouldprofoundlylowertheirriskofcancerandheartdisease.Bythistime,itshouldbeeasiertoappreciatethepowerofthisunmatchedPrimalPanacea.And,yet,thereisstillmore…

ChapterSixHigh-DoseVitaminC:PrimaryAnti-AgingAgent

DeliverancefromdreadeddeteriorationIt’salawofnatureandalawofsciencethatallthingsloseenergyandeventually

disintegrate.Whenithappenstoiron-containingmetalsit’scalledrust;asitbecomesvisibleinhumanswecallitaging.Theprimaryforceintheagingprocess—andallthedegenerativediseasesassociatedwithaging—isaprocesscalledoxidation.

BydirectandindirectmechanismsallofvitaminC’sabilitytopreventandcontroldegenerativediseases—aswellasinfectiousdiseasesandtoxicexposures—istiedtoitspowerfulabilitytocounteractoxidation.TofullyappreciatethevalueofvitaminC,then,requiresafoundationalunderstandingoftheoxidationprocess.Thenextfourparagraphswillattempttoprovidethatunderstandingbytakingatinydetourintosomebasicscience(foranywhowantamorecompleteandmoretechnicalexplanation,seeResourceA).

Wemuststartwithaquickreviewofchemistry:

•Physicalmatteriscomposedofatomsconsistingofanucleuscircledbyoneormoreelectrons

•Electronsaresmallnegativelychargedparticlesthatorbitthenucleuslikeplanetscirclethesun

•Moleculesconsistoftwoormoreatomsheldtogetherthroughasharingoftheirelectrons

Insimpleterms,oxidationoccurswhenamoleculelosesoneormoreofitssharedelectrons.Inthesamewaythatpullingabrickoutofabrickwallwouldweakenthewall,mostmoleculesbecomeunstablewiththelossofelectrons.Thiselectrondeficitissodestabilizingtosomemoleculesthattheyinitiateavigorouschainreactionofstealingelectronsfromallthemoleculesaroundthem.Thesehighlyreactiveelectronthievesarecalledfreeradicalsandtheyinflictdamageviawhatiscalledoxidativestress.

Ultimately,allpathogensandalltoxinscausetheirdamagebyinitiatingandincreasingoxidativestresswithinthecellsofthebody.Andataminimum,oxidativestressisamajorfactorineverydegenerativediseaseknowntoman.

Ontheotherhand,moleculesthatcandonateelectronswithoutlosingstabilitythemselvesarecalledantioxidants.Bycontributingelectronstounstable,electron-depletedfreeradicals,antioxidantscanneutralizethem,defusetheattack,andoftenreversethedamagethathadalreadybeeninflicted.Whenanantioxidanthasitsfullcomplementofelectrons,itissaidtobeinthereducedform.Whenanantioxidanthaslostitsfreeelectrons,itisintheoxidizedform.Althoughconsidered“spent”whileintheoxidizedstate,antioxidantscanberechargedfromanewsourceofelectrons—typicallyreceivedfromqualitynutrients.

TheRoleofOxidativeStressinDegenerativeDiseaseUnaddressedoxidativestressunravelstissues,ripsthroughmembranes,distortsDNA,

interruptsnormalmetabolism,setsoffdestructivechemicalreactions,andcreatescellulardebristhatdisruptsnormalbodilyfunctions.A“PubMed”searchforoxidativestressanditssynonymsyieldsoverahalfmillionstudies.Itisscientificallyestablishedthatoxidativestressinitiatesmanybutworsensallchronicdegenerativediseases.150

Here’sjustashortlistofsomeofthesedegenerativediseases:

•ALS(LouGehrig’sDisease)

•Alzheimer’sDiseaseandotherdementia-causingdisorders

•Arthritis

•Cancer

•Cataracts

•COPD(ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDisease)

•Diabetes

•Glaucoma

•Gout

•HeartDisease

•Lupus

•MacularDegeneration

•MultipleSclerosis

•Osteoporosis

Threemajorfactorsdeterminewhichdegenerativediseasesmanifestinanindividual:

1)pro-oxidant(toxin)sourceandtype

2)oxidationlocation(siteoftoxinaccumulation)

3)geneticpredisposition

Pro-OxidantSource.Therearecountlesssourcesofoxidizingagents.Theagentcouldbeatoxinlikemercury,apathogensuchasstrep,orafreeradicalgeneratedbyanearlieroxidizingprocess—includingthenecessarymetabolicfunctionssuchasbreathingorthecellularconversionofglucoseintoenergy.

OxidationLocation.Degenerativediseasesaretypicallyconcentratedinspecificorgans:Alzheimer’sdiseaseandParkinson’sdiseaseinthebrain,arthritisinthejoints,maculardegenerationandcataractsintheeye,andosteoporosisinthebones.EveninthesediseasestheactualtargetnarrowstocertaincellularstructureslikeDNA,cellmembranes,ortheenergy-producingfactorieswithineachcell(mitochondria).

GeneticPredisposition.Apredispositionisnotthecauseoraguaranteeofdiseasedevelopmentbutratheragenetically-passedweaknessinthespecifictissues,organs,orcellularstructures.Certaintoxinsorpro-oxidantsmightcauseadiseaseinonegenetically-proneindividualwhilehavingnoeffectinageneticallynormalindividual.

Thebodyhasanelaboratedefensesystemforneutralizingoxidativestressbysynthesizinganantioxidantlikeglutathioneandanantioxidantenzymelikesodiumsuperoxidedismutase.Mostofuswhoaregettingevensmallamountsofantioxidantsinourdietsareusuallyprotectedfromtheminimallevelofpro-oxidantsproducedbynormalbodilyfunctions—likebreathing,digestion,andenergyproduction.Acontinuousexposuretocertaintoxinsorpathogens,however,canoverwhelmournaturalantioxidantdefenses,ultimatelyresultinginachronic,degenerativedisease.Asthebodygrowsolder,itsproductionofantioxidantsdiminishes,therebyfurtherincreasingtheriskofdamagethroughoxidativestressandinadequateantioxidantintake.

ALogicalStrategyforFightingDegenerativeDiseasesThepill-for-every-ill,lessen-the-symptoms-until-the-patient-diesprotocolpromotedby

themedicalestablishmentunashamedlyadmitsdefeatfromthestart.Insteadofpreventionorcure,we’regivenahandfulofprescriptionsforexpensivemaintenancedrugs.Thesenon-nutritive,foreignsubstancessupplytheirowntoxic,disease-promotingeffects.

It’stimeforabetterapproachtomedicine.Thefactthatthecausesandpromotersofdegenerativediseasearedirectlytiedtooxidativestressiswell-established.Itlogicallyfollowsthatthesediseasescanbemoreeffectivelytreatedandoftenpreventedbymaintainingsufficientantioxidantlevelsthroughoutthebody.

VitaminCisnotonlyauniversalantimicrobialandtheultimateantidote,itisalsoaparticularlyimportantantioxidant.That’sbecausevitaminC…

•Hasdoubleantioxidationpower—itcandonatenotjustone,buttwoelectronspermolecule

•Isthesafestantioxidant—notoxiceffectsevenatveryhighlevels

•Providesuniversalprotectionduetouniversalaccess—unlikesomeantioxidants,itcanprotectthebrainbecauseitcancrosstheblood-brainbarrier

•Can“recharge”(reduce)previously“spent”(oxidized)antioxidants—includingthosesynthesizedbythebody

ProofofVitaminC’sPowerAgainstDegenerativeDiseasesThescientificevidencedocumentingtheroleoxidativestressplaysinthedevelopment

ofdegenerativediseaseslogicallyindicatesvitaminCshouldbeapowerfulweaponintheirtreatment.Infact,themedicalliteratureprovidessubstantialevidencethatvitaminCcanprevent,lessen,andevenreversethedamageinflictedbythesediseases.

Sixofthemostprevalentdegenerativediseasesareheartdisease,diabetes,cancer,osteoporosis,arthritis,andAlzheimer’sdisease.Thefirstthree—heartdisease,diabetes,andcancer—werediscussedintheprevioustwochapters.Whatfollowsisaveryquick

reviewoftheotherthree.

OsteoporosisVitaminC’sinvolvementwiththeformationandmaintenanceofbonemineralstructure

anddensityiswell-establishedinthescientificliterature,althoughprobablynotthatwell-recognized.OurappreciationofC’simportanceinboneformationcontinuestoevolveasscientistsfurtherexplorethisissue.Contrarytopopularopinion,osteoporosisalmostneverresultsfromachronicallypoordietaryintakeofcalcium.Thisconditionstemsfromaninabilitytotransformthecalciumsaltscirculatinginthebloodintoahealthy,calcium-densebonematrix.

VitaminCiscriticallyimportantinthethreemostsignificantfactorsinvolvedinformingandmaintainingqualitybone.151,152Thesefactorsare:

1)Mineralization(assimilation)ofcalciumintothebone

2)Resorption—calciumbeingleachedfromtheboneandreenteringthebloodstream

3)Oxidativestresswhichinhibitsmineralizationandincreasesresorption

Thesemechanismsofbonebiologyarecontrolledbytwokindsofbonecells:osteoblasts(mineralizingcells)responsibleforboneformationandosteoclasts(resorbingcells)thatactuallypullcalciumoutofthebone.

ThepresenceofvitaminCstimulatesboneprecursorcellstodevelopintoosteoblasts.Atthesametime,vitaminCinhibitsthecreationofosteoclasts.Ontheotherhand,inthepresenceofaC-deficiency,thesecalcium-dissolvingosteoclastsproliferateinanuncontrolledmanner,resultinginadetrimentalminerallossfromthebonetissue.153,154

ThesebiologicalfactorsaloneareenoughtojustifycopiousvitaminCsupplementationforosteoporosispatients.Andyet,theothermajorfactorinbonedensityloss—oxidativestress—providesadditionalsoundjustificationformaintaininghighbloodlevelsofthispowerfulantioxidant.155

Almostasimportant,areadysupplyofvitaminCisessentialforthecollagencross-linkformationneededtooptimizethephysicalstrengthofthebones.156,157Conversely,avitaminCdeficiencyresultsinweakerbones.158

SeveralclinicalstudiesdemonstratetheimportanceofvitaminCsupplementationinthepreventionofboneloss159,160,161,162,163,164—eventhoughmostofthesupplementationdosagesemployedwerewoefullysmall.AprofoundlysignificantstudymonitoredbonefracturesinrelationtothedietaryandsupplementalintakeofvitaminCofnearly1,000subjectsbetweentheagesof70and80duringa17-yearperiod.TheresearchersfoundthatdietaryCintakealone,withoutadditionalsupplementation,providednoprotectionfromfracturerisk.However,theyalsodiscoveredthattherewasasignificantloweringofriskinsubjectswhosupplementedwithvitaminC—thehigherthedose,thelowertheriskoffractures.165

Asamoregeneralcorrelation,researchersfoundthatelderlypatientswhofracturedtheirhipshada“significantlylower”levelofvitaminCintheirbloodthanelderlypatients

whohadnotsustainedsuchafracture.166

Alesseningofcalciumdepositioninbonetissuesappearsinscurvy—theultimatestateofvitaminCdeficiency.Anincreasingamountofcalciumisexcretedand/orfindsitswayintovarioustissues,similartothedepositsfoundinatherosclerosiswhenCisprofoundlydepleted.167

Ontheotherhand,postmenopausalwomenwhotookvitaminCsupplementshadgreaterbonemineraldensity.168Inasimilarstudy,womenbetweentheagesof55and64yearsofagewhohadtakenvitaminCsupplementsfor10yearsormore—andhadNOTtakenestrogens—hadahigherbonemineraldensitythanthosewhodidnot.169

Thebottomline:ProperbloodlevelsofvitaminCareessentialtobonehealth.ItissoimportantthatIbelieveexistingresearchcouldeasilyconcludethatosteoporosisisafocalscurvyofthebones.

ArthritisThereisnocredibleargumentdisputingthatoxidativestressisthemajorculpritinthe

developmentofosteoarthritis,polyarthritis,andrheumatoidarthritis.170,171AsidefromthefactthatjointsareconstructedfromvitaminC-dependentcollagenandcollagen-containingcartilage—afactthatseemstohaveremainedunappreciatedinmostresearchstudies—therelationshipbetweenvitaminCdeficiencyandarthritisisclear-cut.Infact,intheliteraturefivedifferentcasesofscurvywereinitiallydiagnosedasarthritis.ThisclearlydemonstratesthataseverevitaminCdeficiencycanmanifestitselfinabreakdownofboneandjointtissuesthemselves,aswellasintheantioxidantdefensesaroundthosetissues.172,173,174,175

Inaddition,researchersoftencitelowvitaminCintakeasariskfactorinthedevelopmentofarthritisandvitaminCdeficiencyasanearlyuniversalfindinginthosediagnosedwiththedisease.176,177,178Eventhoughnohigh-dosevitaminCstudiestreatingarthritiscouldbefound,thereareseverallow-dosestudiesthatprovidesignificantevidenceofC’shelpfulroleinthepreventionandtreatmentofthisdisease.Inonesuchstudy,vitaminCsupplementationwasfoundtoreducethesizeandnumberofbonemarrowlesions.Theselesionsareknowntobeinstrumentalinthedevelopmentofosteoarthritis.179

Furtherevidenceofhigh-dosevitaminC’spotentialinthepreventionandtreatmentofarthritiscomesfromanimalstudies.Inonesuchinvestigation,high-dosevitaminCwasshowntosignificantlyreducearthriticswelling,arthriticinflammation,andthemigrationofinflammatorycellsintothesynovialtissuesaroundthejoint.180

Alzheimer’sDiseaseTheincidenceofdegenerativebraindiseasesisgrowingveryrapidly.Reasonsabound

forthisdisturbingreality,butitisveryclearthatoxidativestressinthebrainplaysamajorroleintheinitiationanddevelopmentofthesemind-killers.

Consideringthehalfmillionstudiesfoundin“PubMed”onoxidativestress,relativelyfewaddresstheroleofantioxidantsinthepreventionandtreatmentofAlzheimer’sand

similardiseases.Evenso,therearesomethatdemonstratetheimportanceofvitaminCintheirtreatment.Unfortunately,noneofthestudiesinvestigatetheuseofhigh-dosevitaminC.Inthemixofstudies,however,areafewthatattempttodiscouragevitaminC’suseinpreventionortreatment.Thesearepoorlydesignedstudiesthatusebroad-strokegeneralizations.It’snothardtoconcludethatresearchersexploitthisanti-vitaminCbiastopromotetheirsponsor’scostlyprescriptiondrugs.

Onesuchstudyclaims,“theuseofsupplementalvitaminEandC,aloneorincombination,didnotreduceriskofAD(Alzheimer’sdisease)oroveralldementiaover5.5yearsoffollow-up.”181

CertainlythisisammunitionforthosewhowanttodiscreditvitaminCorvitaminE…untiloneexaminesthemethodstheresearchersemployedtoarriveatthisconclusion!

First,2,969subjectswererecruited.Thesepeoplehadtobeage65orolderwithoutcognitiveimpairment(determinedbytesting).Thenthepopulationwasdividedintofourgroupsbasedontheirself-reportedsupplementationregimens.181

Onthedayofinitialtesting—andatthattimealone—thesubjectswereaskedabouttheirsupplementuseforthepreviousmonthONLY:

•TheNoSupplementGroupreportednovitaminCorvitaminEsupplementationonemonthpriortothestartofthestudy.

•TheVitaminEGroupreportedusingsome(anydosenomatterhowsmall)vitaminEwithoutvitaminCforaminimumofoneweekduringthepreviousmonth.

•TheVitaminCGroupreportedusingsome(anydosenomatterhowsmall)vitaminCwithoutvitaminEforaminimumofoneweekduringthepreviousmonth.

•TheVitaminsC&EGroupreportedusingboth(anydosenomatterhowsmall)vitaminCandvitaminEforaminimumofoneweekduringthepreviousmonth.

Nodosageinformationorsupplementationhistorybeforethebaselinemonth(themonthjustpriortosubjects’initialtesting),during,orafterthestudyperiodwasreportedforanyofthesubjects.Althoughthesubjectsweretestedfordementiatwiceayearforthenext5.5years,vitaminsupplementationwasnotmonitored.

Attheendofthestudy,405subjectshadbeendiagnosedwithdementia(289ofthemwithAlzheimer’sdisease).Statisticiansthendidtheirmathbydeterminingthepercentageofeachgroupthatdevelopeddementia.Sincetherewasno“significant”differencebetweenthegroups,theresearchersconcludedthatvitaminC,orvitaminE,orthetwousedtogetherhadnopreventiveimpactonthedevelopmentofdementia.

Basedontheselectioncriteria,subjectswhohadonlysupplementedatotalofoneweekwithaslittleas100mgofvitaminCcouldhavemadetheirwayintothesupplementinggroups.Withalltheuncontrolledvariables,self-reporting,andlackofmeasurements,evenahigh-schoolsciencestudentwouldbeabletodetecttheflaweddesignofthisstudy.Unfortunately,peer-reviewedmedicaljournalsarelitteredwiththiskindofpseudo-scientificrubbishwherevitaminCisconcerned.Sadly,suchloose-dosestudiesaretheruleratherthantheexception.

Incontrast,adifferentstudyfoundthatacombinationofvitaminC,vitaminE,andnon-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrugshadapositiveeffectinslowingthecognitivedeclineofAlzheimer’sdisease.182Anotherstudy,onethatwasrandomized,double-blind,andplacebo-controlled,concludedthatAlzheimer’spatientswhoreceivedanantioxidantformula,includingvitaminC,demonstratedsignificantlyimprovedcognitivescores.183SeveralanimalstudieshavealsovalidatedapreventativeandrestorativeroleforvitaminCincombatingoxidativestressinmodelsofneurodegenerativediseases.184,185,186

Unfortunately,atthiswriting,therejustarenohigh-dosevitaminCstudieswithdegenerativebraindiseases,period!However,therearewell-designedstudiesthatdoshowusthatAlzheimer’sdiseaseandtheotherdementia-relateddiseasesinvolvehighlevelsofoxidativestress.187Therearethreeotherimportantfactsthathavealsobeenwell-established:

1)VitaminCishighlyconcentratedinthebrain183

2)VitaminCisasafeandpowerfulantioxidant

3)AntioxidantsdomakeabigdifferenceinpreventingandslowingthedevelopmentofAlzheimer’s

Atthispoint,itisalsohelpfultorememberthetwolargepopulationstudiescitedpreviouslythatmonitoredbloodlevelsofvitaminCinrelationtomortality.Thesestudiestieda50%dropinmortality—fromallcauses,includingdegenerativediseasesofthebrain—tohighbloodlevelsofvitaminC.ThisprovidesadditionalevidencetosupportvitaminC’spowerfulcontributioninpreventingandfightingtheseneurologicaldiseases.

ConclusionExcessoxidativestressexertsapathologicaleffectwhereveritisfoundinthebody.Left

unchecked,itresultsindegenerativedisease.Naturehasprovidedauniversallyeffectiveremedytocombattheseincreasingconcentrationsofpro-oxidants:vitaminC,theprimaryanti-agingantioxidant!

And,withoutadoubt,thepowerfulantioxidantcapacityofvitaminCisthemainreasonthatitcanpreventandoftenreversetheoxidativedamagecharacteristicofALLdegenerativediseases.But,aswehaveseen,vitaminChasmultiplemechanismsforfightingdegenerativediseasesthatextendbeyonditsantioxidantabilities(suchascollagenformation,osteoblastformation,maintenanceofthegroundsubstance,andothers).Thisisalsotrueforalloftheotherdegenerativediseasesnotspecificallyaddressedhere.VitaminCplaysacrucialroleinmaintainingnormalbiochemistryeverywhereinthebody.

Tosummarize:vitaminChasalwaysbeentheuniversalantimicrobial,theultimateantidote,theprimeprotectorofarteries,nature’scanceranswer,andprimaryanti-agingantioxidant.Inotherwords:VitaminCisthePrimalPanacea.WhatwoulditbelikeifhumansstillsynthesizedvitaminCinresponsetotheirlevelofoxidativestress,toxicexposure,andpathogenload,asdosomanyoftheanimalsinthewild?

Theexcitingnewsis:Intelligent,high-dosesupplementationcancomecloseto

achievingthesamelevelofhealthseeninwildanimalsthatsynthesizewhatevervitaminCtheyneed.

Unfortunately,somewhoprofitfromthebigbusinessof“treating”diseasesworktokeepthetruthabouthigh-dosevitaminClittle-appreciatedandlittle-utilized.Thisisaccomplishedinseveralways.Thefirstwayinvolvesthepropagationoflies—liesthatkeeppeoplesick,liesthatdoompeopletoaprematuredeath.Infact,therearesevenwidelycirculated,death-promotingliesthatneedtobedebunkedrightnow…

ChapterSevenHigh-DoseVitaminC:SpinDoctorsLie

7medicalliesthatkill!ItissurprisingwhatasimpleGoogle™searchfor“urbanlegends”bringstoyour

computer.Withoutadoubt,vitaminClies—likeurbanlegends—aresincerelybelievedbymostofthosewhopassthemalong.But,unlikerelativelyharmlessurbanlegends,vitaminCliesareresponsibleformuchsicknessanddeathbecausedoctorscontinuetorefusetoadministervitaminCcorrectly,oratall.Asaresult,patientsarefartoooftendeniedoptimalhealthandevenlifebecausetheirphysicianbelievesoneormoreofthefollowingvitaminClies…

Lie#1:ThereAreNoVitaminCStudiesMedicalprofessionalsarequicktojustifytheirdisinterestinhigh-dosevitaminCwith

thisfable.Thisstatement,oranylikeit,issoabsurdlyfalse,andsoeasytodisprove,thatitbogglesthemindwhyanyeducatedmedicalpractitionerwouldrepeatit!IfamechanicorstonemasonsaidtherewerenostudiesonvitaminC,itwouldbeforgivable.That’snottheirlineofexpertise.Butforapersontrainedinthehealingsciences…thisdegreeofignorance—ordishonesty—bordersonthecriminal!Itisundoubtedlythemostflagrantdisplayofmedicalmalpractice.

Here’sascientificstudyyoucanperformathome:

1)Logontotheinternet.

2)Type“pubmed”intoyourbrowsersearchbox.

3)Clickonthe“PubMed”homelinkwhenitappears(PubMedisaU.S.governmentwebsiterunbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Thissitecatalogsallthestudiesfromthousandsofpeer-reviewedmedicaljournalsaroundtheworld—inotherwords,scientificjournalsspecificallypublishedformedicaldoctorsandresearchers.)

4)Typethephrase“vitaminCorascorbateorascorbic”inthe“PubMed”searchboxandclickthe“Search”button(ThiscallsupallthestudiesthatdiscussvitaminC—ascorbateandascorbicarescientificnamesforvitaminC).

5)Notethenumberofstudiesretrieveddirectlyunderthe“PubMed”logo.

Asofthiswritingthenumberwas:51,027!Thisnumberisalwaysgrowing.Toputthisinperspective:ifadoctorweretoreadonevitaminCstudyperdayforthenext40years,hewouldstillhavereviewedlessthan30%ofthestudiespublishedtodate.ThisliteralfloodofresearchactuallymakesiteasierforsomanyincrediblevitaminCfindingstobe“hiddeninplainsight.”

Undoubtedly,thequestionwillberaised,“Howcanthemedicalcommunitypossiblyjustifytheirclaimof‘nostudies’?”Here’show.Theydefinetheword“study”very

narrowly.Bytheircleverdefinition,apublished,peer-reviewedfindingonlycountsasastudywhenitisalarge,randomized,placebo-controlled,anddouble-blindclinicaltrial.Here’swhatthatmeans:

Inordertoqualify,asignificantly-sizedgroupofqualifiedsubjectsmustbedividedintotwogroupsusingastatisticallyvalidmethodofrandomselection.Then,onegrouphastobegivenaplacebo(likeasimplesalinesolution)andtheothertheingredienttobetested(suchasvitaminC).Neitherthesubjectsnorthoseadministeringthetestareallowedtoknowwhatisbeinggiven.Attheend,theresultsarecomparedtodetermineifthereisasignificantdifferencebetweenthosereceivingtheplaceboversusthosereceivingtheagenttobetested.

Forexample,if500peoplehaveaconfirmedcaseofherpes,allaregivenlargeIVdripsofvitaminCinahospital,allarecloselymonitored,andallarecuredwithin72hours,thedatadoesnotcountasastudyformanydoctors.Thefactthatthere’snotadruganywherethathasevercuredanycaseofherpesinanyamountoftimedoesnotappeartoberelevanttothegeneralmedicalcommunity.Asadoctorinthe60Minutesdocumentary,“LivingProof?”suggested,there’snoproofthatthevitaminCworked,itcouldjustaseasilybeencuredbyapassingbus.Suchastunninglystupidcommentisprobablythebestexampleastohowvigorouslymedicineresistsandblockschangethatdoesnotcomefromitstraditionalchannels.

Thistightdefinitionof“study”eliminatesallbutatinyportionofscientificallyvalidresearch.Nevermindthefactthatlarge,randomized,placebo-controlled,double-blindclinicaltrialsrarelyexisttojustifytheuseofmany,ifnotmost,prescriptiondrugs.Thefactremains:thereareover50,000studiesinthemedicalliteratureindexedbytheU.S.government’s“PubMed”medicallibraryontheimpressivequalitiesofvitaminC.Evenifallthestudieswereunimpressive—andthey’renotbyeventhemostperversestretchingofthetruth—itremainsaboldfacedlietosaytherearenostudiesconcerningvitaminC.Theclaimsinthisbookarebackedbywelloverathousandpublished,peer-reviewedstudies.

VitaminCisheldtoamuchhigherstandardthanalloftheprescriptiondrugs.Andevenwhenthatstandardismet,theresultsarelargelyignored,withtheeverrecurringrefrainof“morestudiesareneeded”punctuatingtheendofsomanydramaticstudies.

Thenumberofheartattacksandstrokesthatcouldhavebeenaverted…thecasesofcancerthatwouldneverhavematerialized…amputationsavoided…infectionsanddiseasescured…poisoningsreversed…withtheproperadministrationand/orsupplementationofvitaminCisdepressinglyhuge.

InChapterThreeastudypublishedinoneofthemostprestigiousjournalsintheworld,TheLancet,wascited.ThislargepopulationstudyconductedatCambridgeUniversitymonitoredbloodlevelsofvitaminCinnearly20,000peopleovertimeandfoundthatthosewiththehighestlevelsexperiencedhalfthemortalityofthosewiththelowestlevels.Thissuggeststhatmillionsuponmillionsoflivescouldhavebeensparedandhundredsofbillions,oreventrillionsofdollarssavedifthepopulationwassupplementingwithadequatedosesofvitaminCanddoctorswereusingitintheirtreatmentprotocols.But,

sadly,IbelievethisisexactlywhyvitaminCisyettobeproperlyembraced,andmayneverbe.Inanutshell,itwouldruinthebigbusinessofmedicine.

Lie#2:NoEvidencethatVitaminCWorksAretheytotallyblind?Yes!Evenwhendoctorsseeamiraculouscure,asintheAllan

SmithcaseinNewZealand—documentedby60MinutesinandreferencedinChapterOne—theyrefusetoseewhattheyhaveactuallywitnessed.

Howcananyhealthprofessionalsay,“Noevidence,”whenstudiespublishedinmedicaljournalsshowvitaminCcured60outof60poliovictimswithoutanylingeringcomplicationswithinfivedays…resolved327outof327casesofshinglesinthreedays…cured7of7casesofrheumaticfeverjustasquickly…andonandon?

Thisisonlythreeofmanyinstancesofa100%successrate.Shouldn’tthesestudiesmerit—ataminimum—asecondlook?AsfarasIcantell,noneoftheseparticularresultshavebeenretestedorchallengedinapublishedstudy.Inthedrug-approvalrealm,ademonstrationofaveryslightimprovementisenoughforravereviews.

Buta100%curerategetsnoattention…noquestions…nofollow-upstudies.Theonethingthatisconsistentlygivenisaseeminglyobligatorystatementatthebottomofthearticle:“butmoreresearchisneeded.”Thisinsteadofarecommendationfortheuseofacompletelynontoxicsubstance—onethathascureddisfiguringdiseasesstillconsideredincurable,oratbest,diseasesthatareminimallyresponsivetoacceptedmainstreamtherapies.

Afterthousandsofstudies,whydoresearcherscontinuetoinvestigatevitaminCwithsuchvigorifthereisnoevidence…ifit’sahoax?Ifthereisnoevidence,whyareclinicsofferingintravenousvitaminCtherapies(oftenrunbymedicaldoctorswhohavethetrainingandcredentialstoadminister“traditional”medicine)continuallybusy?AndwhyaremoreoftheseclinicscontinuingtoopenallovertheU.S.,Mexico,Europe,NewZealand,Australia,andAsia?Perhapssomecanfind“noevidence”becauseit’seasiertotravelwiththeherd—toacceptandrepeatalie—thanitistosearchforthetruth.Mythsandlieseventuallybecomeacceptedastruthwhenrepeatedoftenenough.

I’vepersonallywitnessedhundredsof“medicalmiracles”asaresponsetohigh-dosevitaminC.Doctorsallovertheglobehavetoldmeofsimilarexperiences.ThisbookreferenceshundredsofstudiesthatshowvitaminCworks.Truthis,thereisplentyofevidenceforanyonewhoiswillingtoseeit!

Lie#3:VitaminCisNotSafeTheevidencesays,“vitaminCissaferthandrinkingwater.”Researchershave

documentedlethaloverdosesofwater,188yetnolethaldosehasbeenfoundforvitaminC.189There’snotasingledrug—prescriptionorover-the-counter—thatcanclaimthatlevelofsafety.Aswell,therearefewothernutritivesupplementsthatcanevenapproachthesafetyofanyamountofvitaminC.

AccordingtoanarticlepublishedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,106,000patientsdiedinhospitalsin1994fromdrugreactions.Theauthorsfurtherstated

thatthenumberofhospitaldrugdeathsperyearhadremainedunchangedfor30years.190That’sshocking:over3millionpeoplewerekilledinthehospital,understrictsupervision,withprescriptiondrugsfrom1965to1994!Whatincrediblehypocrisyfromthosewhoarethefirsttobroadcastthe“vitaminCisnotsafe”lie—theverypeoplewhomakeorprescribedangerousdrugs.

Incontrast,high-dosevitaminChasbeenwidelyusedsincethelate1940swithoutaconfirmedreportofanydosagelevelthatwillresultinseriousadverseeffects.

Terminalcancerpatients,asegmentofthepopulationthatisarguablythesickestandmostsensitivetotoxins,havebeengivendailyintravenousdosesof50,000mgforuptoeightweekswithoutanyevidenceoftoxicityorsideeffects.191AstudyinAustraliareportsthatsome100physicianshaveadministeredasmuchas300,000mgofvitaminCperdaytotheirpatients.Theresearchersstatethat“inmostcasestheresultshavebeenspectacular,theonlysideeffectis‘chronicgoodhealth.’”192RobertCathcart,MD,assertedthathetreatedover20,000patientsduringa21-yearperiodwithasmuchas200,000mgperdaywithnoincidenceofmajorsideeffects.Interestingly,mostofthesideeffects—ofthefewthatdidappear—wereminorandwereeliminatedbyincreasingthedoseofvitaminC.193,194,195,196

Inadouble-blindclinicaltrialwith123terminalcancerpatientswhowerefelttobe“unsuitable”forchemotherapy,adailydoseof10,000mgofvitaminCwastestedagainstaplacebo.Thesepatientswereveryill,withanaveragesurvivaltimeofsevenweeks.Nevertheless,thevitaminCwasverywell-tolerated,producingonlymildnauseaandvomitingwiththesamefrequencyastheplacebo.197Severalyearslaterasimilarstudywasconductedwith100colorectalcancerpatients.Theseresearchersnotedthataslightlygreaternumberofthosereceivingthe10,000mgdailydoseofvitaminCreportedheartburn.TheyalsostatedthatthedifferenceinheartburnoccurrencebetweenthosewhoreceivedvitaminCandthosewhotooktheplacebowas“notstatisticallysignificant.”198

Inelevenotherstudieswithhigh-dosevitaminC—fiveofthesewereplacebo-controlled—nosideeffectswerereported.199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209Evenadouble-blind,placebo-controlledtrialwithprematurebabiesconcludedthatvitaminCadministrationisverysafe.210

Regardlessofanyclaimstothecontrary,noonewhohasdoneacriticalappraisalofthescientificliteraturecansayanythingotherthan,“VitaminCisoneofthesafestsubstancesonearth.”

Lie#4:VitaminCSupplementationCausesKidneyStonesThe“vitaminCcauseskidneystones”mythisamuchmorespecificversionofthe

“vitaminCisnotsafe”fable.Aswithmostlegends,thereisasliveroftruthhere.Mostkidneystonesaremadewhenoxalateintheurinebecomesoverlyconcentrated,hooksupwithcalcium,andstartstocrystallize.ItistruethatvitaminC,incertainformsandundercertainconditions,cancontributetooxalateproduction.Buthere’swhattheproponentsofthismythfailtodisclose:

ThepresenceofhighoxalateconcentrationsALONEisNOTsufficienttocreatekidneystones.

Inaddition,theyalsofailtomentionthattherearewellover50differentdocumentedriskfactorsthatalsocontributetoincreasedoxalateformation(seeResourceEforalist).

Butthequantityofoxalategeneratedbyagivensubstanceorhealthconditionisnottheissue.TherealquestioniswhetherthereisagenuineriskofkidneystoneformationfromvitaminCintake.Severalsmallstudiessaytheriskisreal.However,thisconclusionistypicallyreachedbycomparingtheamountofoxalateexcretionintheurinewithandwithoutvitaminCsupplementation.

Althoughatfirstglancethisapproachmayseemlogical,itisgreatlyflawed!That’sbecauseoxalateexcretionandkidneystoneformationarenotequivalent.Forexample,pregnantwomenintheirthirdtrimestermaintainsupersaturatedlevelsofoxalateintheurineandyettheincidenceofkidneystonesisthesameasinthegeneralpopulation.211

Whatwasneededwasalarge-scalestudythatactuallymeasuredtheincidenceofkidneystones—notexcretedoxalates—inrelationtoingestedvitaminC.Fortunately,suchastudywasconductedbyHarvardMedicalSchool,keepingitfrombeingautomaticallyunderminedanddiscredited.Alargepopulationofwomen(85,557tobeexact)withnohistoryofkidneystoneswasmonitoredfor14years.Theresearchersconcludedthat“vitaminCintakewasnotassociatedwithrisk”ofkidneystoneformationandadvised“routinerestrictionofvitaminCtopreventstoneformationappearsunwarranted.”212

Previously,anotherlarge-scalestudyfoundthat“theintakeofhighdosesofvitaminCdoesnotincreasetheriskofcalciumoxalatekidneystones.”Infact,themembersofthegroupwiththehighestvitaminCintake“hadalowerriskofkidneystones”thanthosewiththelowestintake.213

Finally,high-dosevitaminChasbeenadministeredallovertheglobefordecadeswithnonoticeableincreaseintheincidenceofkidneystones.214

Lie#5:VitaminCNeedsAreMetwithNormalDietaryIntakeSincethemedicalcommunitydefinesvitaminCasthetracenutrientthatpreventsthe

deficiencydiseaseknownasscurvy,itiseasyforthemtoacceptandperpetuatethismyth.Indeed,75to90mgofvitaminCperdaywillpreventthedevelopmentofovertscurvyinmostpeople.Sincescurvyisextremelyrareinthiscountryitispresumedthatthegeneralpopulation—mostofwhichdoesnotsupplementwithvitaminC—isgettingenoughofthissubstanceintheirdailyfoodintake.

Forapersonintheirearly20swith

•Adietfreefromfried,sugary,refined,orprocessedfoods,orfoodtaintedwithpesticides,herbicides,hormones,antibiotics,artificialsweeteners,artificialcolors,etc.

•Healthyteethandgumswithnofillingsorrootcanals

•Noexposuretolead,cadmium,mercuryorothertoxicmetals

•Noexposuretopoisonouschemicalsorvaporsfrompaint,solvents,petroleumfuels,orvehicularemissions

•Noingestionofdrugs(prescription,over-the-counter,legalorillegal)

•Notobaccouseoralcoholintake

•Freedomfrominfection,acuteandchronic(includingcolds,flu,acne,yeast)

•Nowoundsorscars

thecasemightbemadethat75to90mgissufficient.

ButeachoftheseandotherfactorsconsumeserumandtissuelevelsofvitaminCataveryfastrate.Inaddition,thebodyalsoneedsvitaminCformanymetabolicprocesses,maintenanceoftheimmunesystem,propercollagenformation,andforkeepingthe“glue”(groundsubstance)intactthatholdsthecellsofthebodytogether.

Noevidenceexistsindicatingsomeonewholivedinanontoxicutopiafreeofinfectionswouldbeprotectedfromdevelopingchronic,degenerativediseasebya75to90mgdailyintakeofvitaminC.However,muchevidenceindicatesthatmulti-gramdailydosesofvitaminCcandoexactlythis,eveninthehighlytoxicworldoftoday.

VitaminCwillprevent,mitigate,and/orcureamyriadofinfectiousdiseases,toxicpoisonings,coronaryheartdisease,cancer,andahostofchronicdegenerativediseases—asshownbythehundredsofstudiesreferencedinthisbook.Iftheevidencehasmerit,thentherealproofofvitaminCsufficiencywouldbeapronouncedlackofallthesediseasesandconditions.Icontendthatthepandemicincidenceofheartdisease,cancer,diabetes,Alzheimer’sdisease,cataracts,periodontaldisease,pneumonia,staphinfections,strepinfections,etc…isevidencethattheworldpopulationisdangerouslydeficientinvitaminC.Sinceeveryoneseemstohaveachronicillness,itmustbenormal,right?

Lie#6:HighDosesofVitaminCOnlyMakeExpensiveUrineThisuntruthissimilartothepreviousmyth.Itattemptstomakepeoplefeelfoolishfor

supplementingwithvitaminC.Inotherwords,“thevitaminCyoujustexcretedintothetoiletisproofthatyourbodydidn’tneedit!”

Thisismoreflawedlogic.Theargumentfalselyassumesseveralthings:

•Kidneysonlyexcretesubstanceswhentheirconcentrationexceedsthebody’sneed

•Supplyofadiet-orsupplement-deliveredsubstanceisdistributedthroughoutthebodyinaccordancewithneed

•Nutrientdeficienciesoccurevenlythroughoutthebodyandareneverlocalizedinaparticulararea

•VitaminCisexpensive

Eachoftheseassumptionswillbeaddressedseparately…

Assumption:Kidneysonlyexcretesubstanceswhentheirconcentrationexceedsthebody’sneed.

Rebuttal:Thiswouldbeconvenientforcliniciansiftrue.Butitisnot.Evenhealthykidneyswillcontinuetowastesomeessentialelectrolytes(sodium,calcium,magnesium)whenthetissueandbloodconcentrationsofthesemineralsaredangerouslylow.Diabeticsknowthatglucoseoftenspillsintotheirurine—evenastheircellsarestarvingforit.Thiscertainlydoesnotmeanthecellshavealltheglucosetheyneed.

Assumption:Supplyofadiet-orsupplement-deliveredsubstanceisdistributedthroughoutthebodyinaccordancewithneed.

Rebuttal:Allsubstances,regardlessofthemethodofadministration(sublingual,oral,intramuscular,intravenous,etc.),enterthebodyatspecificpointsandcirculatetootherareasfromthere.Dependingonfactorslikethedistancefromtheentrypoint,thesubstance’saccesstoreceptorsites,andtheabilityofparticularcellstoabsorbthesubstance(regardlessofneed),someareasmaygetenoughandothersmayremaindeficient.Forexample,inchronicperiodontaldisease,alocalizedvitaminCdeficiencyinthegumsexistsevenwhenotherareasofthebodydonotsharethatdeficiency.

Assumption:Nutrientdeficienciesoccurevenlythroughoutthebodyandareneverlocalizedinaparticulararea.

Rebuttal:Itisalmosttooobvioustomention,butthebrainandliverneedlotsofessentialfattyacids;thebonesdonot.Muscleshavemuchdifferentnutrientneedsthannerves.EyeshaveagreaterneedforvitaminAthanears.Inaddition,aninfected,ingrowntoenailhasagreaterneedforvitaminCthananynon-infectedtissue.Becausethegeneralneedsforeachsubstanceinthebodyvaryandbecausethespecificneedschangewiththedynamicnatureofdifferentdiseaseandtoxinchallenges,nutrientdeficienciescanoftenhaveaverylocalizednature.

Assumption:VitaminCisexpensive.

Rebuttal:Areyoukidding?Comparedtowhat?Aroundofchemotherapy…open-heartsurgery…amputatingyourfoot…bloodpressuremedication…IstencentsofvitaminCinmyurineexpensive?

Lie#7:IfVitaminCWorked,WeWouldAllBeUsingItYetanotherdoseofcircularnonsense!Inotherwords,thosewhospewthisfoolishness

aresaying,“Here’sproofitdoesn’twork—thedoctorsinmyphysicianfraternitydon’tuseit.”

Whenasked“howmanyvitaminCinfusionshaveyouadministered?”thereplyis“none!”

“Why?”weask.

“Itdoesn’twork!”theyretort.

“Howdoyouknowitdoesn’tworkifyouhaven’ttriedit?”wequery.

“Ifitworked,wewouldallbeusingit!”theyexclaim.

“DidyouseethemiraculousresponsetovitaminCintheAllanSmithcase?”

“Thatwasn’tvitaminC!”theysay.

“Howdoyouknow?”

“BecausevitaminCdoesn’twork,ifitdid,we’dallbeusingit!”

Notheywouldn’t!Evenwhentheyseeresultswiththeirowneyes,theycan’tacceptit!Theevidenceisoverwhelmingtoanyonewholooksatitwithanopenmind.ThemedicalcommunityhascontinuedtostonewalltheuseofvitaminCfordecadesbecauseitdoesn’tfitintotheir“treatbutdon’tcure”model.ThatwillchangeonlywhenpatientsbegintopushforanhonestappraisalofvitaminCanditsunequalledbenefits.Thenewageofinformationaccessontheinternetpreventsanyone,includingdoctors,fromcontrollingwhoreadswhat.Thetrutheventuallybecomesknown.

Ifthereaderhasanydoubtsabouttheveracityoftheprecedingdialogue,itisrecommendedthatheobtainandwatchthe60MinutesDVD,“LivingProof!”(seethelastpageofthisbookfordetailsonhowtoobtaintheDVD).

WhatAboutNegativeStudies?Withover50,000publishedstudiesandcounting,it’snosurprisethatsomereach

conclusionsotherthanwhathasbeenpresentedthusfar.

However,thevastmajorityof“negative”studiesareonlynegativeinthesensethatvitaminCwasdeterminedtobeineffective.Oftenconclusionsaresobroadtheyleaveoutimportantfacts.Insteadofconveyingadose-specifictruthsuchas,“AdailyvitaminCdoseof50mgwasfoundtobeineffectiveinthetreatmentoflungcancer,”theresearchersandmediawillconveywhatiseffectivelyaliebysaying,“VitaminCisineffectiveinthetreatmentoflungcancer.”

SincesuccessfultreatmentisALWAYSdose-dependent,thisomissionofdoseintheconclusionismisleadingatbest,andbasicallydishonest.Let’ssayastudyshows500mgofaspirinissuccessfulatabatingaheadachefor100adultwomen.Whatifthemakersofacetaminophendecidedtodiscreditthestudybytesting15mgofaspirinwith20,000women?Thelargerstudywouldbemoreimpressiveandwouldgetmoremediaattention.Theheadlinewouldread“Studywith20,000womenshowsaspirinineffectiveforheadachetreatment.”Theunethicalnatureofthisstrategyisobvious.Doesthishappen?Yes!Andfrequently.

Researchcanbedefectiveinanotherway.Inonestudy,inaneffortto“prove”vitaminCreducestheeffectivenessofchemotherapeuticdrugsincancertreatment,215theresearchersdidnotevenusealegitimateformofvitaminC!AreviewerofthestudypointedoutthatdehydroascorbicacidwasusedinsteadofvitaminC.216Dehydroascorbicacidistheoxidized(expended)formofvitaminCjustasrustistheoxidizedformofiron.AnyonefamiliarwiththechemicalstructureofvitaminCshouldhaveknownthis.Onecanonlyspeculateastowhethertheresearcherswereintellectuallychallenged,ethically

challenged,orboth.

AlthoughIamnotdirectlymakinganaccusationofmaliciousactivity,theAllanSmithcasegivesagreatdealofreasontowonder.TheattendingphysiciansrecommendedAllan“beallowedtodie.”Thesedoctorswerealsoin“unanimousagreementvitaminCwouldbeofnobenefit.”Evenso,theyagreedtoplacatethefamilywitha2-daytrial.Allanwasgiven100gramsperdayand“miraculously”recoveredtothepointofremovinghimfromtheECMOexternallungmachine.

Then,withoutexplanation,thevitaminCwasdiscontinued.Uponprotestfromthefamily,thetreatmentwasresumed,butatonlytwogramsperday.WhyresumethevitaminCatsuchalowdose?IsitreallypossiblethedoctorswantedMr.SmithtoresumehisdownwardspiralsothatitcouldbesaidhediedinspiteofreceivingvitaminC,withoutreferencetothetinysizeofthedose?

Frommyownexperience,exhaustiveresearchinthemedicalliterature,andthroughconsultationwithdoctorsinthiscountryandthroughouttheworld,Iamabsolutelyconvincedofonething—whenenoughvitaminCisgiven,intherightform,andforalongenoughtime,vitaminChelpsvirtuallyeverycondition,resolvesmanyofthem,andpreventsstillothers.AlthoughIhavenotpersonallyanalyzedeverynegativestudy,theonesthatIhaverevieweduseveryinadequatequantitiesofvitaminC,ortheyareclearlyflawedinsomeotherway.Furthermore,IhaveneverfoundasinglearticleshowingproperlydosedandadministeredvitaminCtofailtoimprovethestatusofatoxicorinfectedpatient.

ConclusionAlltheobjectionsagainstusingvitaminCareclearlymythsthatareeasilydebunked.

Theresistancefromthe“traditional”medicalcommunityagainstvitaminCwillnotbesoeasilythwarted.Trillionsofdollarsperyeararedependentuponmaintenanceofthestatusquo.Decadesofpropagandahaveblindedphysiciansandpatientstothetruth.Unfortunately,millionsoflives—andeventhefinancialsolvencyofournation—areinthebalance.Thetimehascomeforpeopletoinsistonscience-basedmedicinestructuredtoimprovethehealthofpatientsratherthana“tradition-based”medicineintentonboostingthebottomlineofhuge,multi-nationalpharmaceuticalcorporations.Ifyoustillbelievethattheprimaryfocusof“traditional”medicineispatient-centered,readon…

ChapterEightHigh-DoseVitaminC:RevolutionRequired

Areprofitsmoreimportantthanpeople?ItisadangerousfantasytobelievethattheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)

vigilantlywatchesfor,andeffectivelyprotectsusfrom,thethreatofunsafefoodsanddrugs.Theactualrecordshowsamuchdifferentreality—eithertheFDAisgrosslyincompetentorithasanotheragenda.Ormaybesomeofboth?

TheFactis:FDA-approveddrugskill!Evenwhenusedasdirected,adversereactionstoFDA-approveddrugswasthe4thleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesin1998.217Inthatsameyear,2.2millionAmericanswerehospitalizedforadversedrugreactions.218

Bylaw,alladversedrugreactionsmustbereportedtotheFDA(CodeofFederalRegulations,Title21),butforsomereasonsummarystatisticsareconspicuouslyabsentfromthepublicrecord—myexhaustivesearchforthisdatafoundnothingafter1998.Restassured,thislackofvisibilityisnotbecausethesedeathshavediminished.

From1994to2005prescriptionuseintheUnitedStatesrosenearly71%.219Deathsfromadversereactionshaveincreasedaswell.ConsiderthemultiplewarningsreceivingnationalmediaattentionoverdrugslikeVioxx,Darvon,Darvocet,andAvandia—aswellasthemanyadvertisementsrecruitingvictimsforclassactionsuitsagainstdrugcompanies.Soagain,whythislackofvisibility?IstheFDAprotectingthepublicorthepharmaceuticalindustrybynotfullyinformingthepublicaboutthemanyadversereactionstosomanytoxicprescriptiondrugs?

Comparethiswithofficialstatisticsconcerningthesafetyofnutritionalsupplements.ThelastfiveannualreportsfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlshowNODEATHSattributedtovitaminsupplements.220,221,222,223,224Infact,thesafetyrecordofvitaminCinparticularissoimpeccablethatitisimpossibletofindstatisticaldatathatjustifiesanysuggestionofhealthrisk.Andyet,inspiteofitsstellarsafetyrecord,theFDAaggressivelyrestrictsand/orpreventsitsuseforthetreatmentofdisease.Forexample,itisagainstthelawforavitaminCsellertomakeevenminimallysuggestivehealthclaimslike“vitaminCmayhelpreducesymptomsoftheflu.”

Thisallbegsthequestion:WhydoestheFDAapprovenumeroustoxicdrugsthatkillpatientswhileitbansthemedicaluseofcompletelynontoxicnutrientsthathealthem?

MassiveConflictsofInterestIntheory,theFDAwasestablishedtoprotectthepublicfromunsafefoodanddangerous

drugs.Atitsinception,theFDA’ssoleemployer—thepublic—paidforitsservicesthroughtaxes.Althoughconflictsofinteresthaveexistedfromthebeginning,CongressopenedupwhathasturnedouttobeahugechannelforcorruptionwhenitpassedthePrescriptionDrugUserFeeActin1992.

UntilthattimetheFDAwaspresumablyshieldingusfromoverlyaggressive,profit-driven,pharmaceuticalcompanies.Butthisnewlaw(instigatedandbackedbythecompaniesposingthedanger)establisheddrugcompaniesastheFDA’sbestcustomers.

BecauseofthisAct,deep-pocketedpharmaceuticalcompanieswereabletoputtheirnewdrugapplicationsontheapproval“fasttrack”forasmall“userfee.”Infiscalyear2010,theestablished“userfee”fordrugsrequiringclinicaldatawas$1,405,500perapplication.Thetotalin“userfees”collectedbytheFDAfrompharmaceuticalcompaniesin2010was$569,207,000!225

IfacompanyfindsthattheFDAisnotprovidingfavorableservice,itcanavoidpayingthe“userfee”altogetherbysimplyavoidingthe“fasttrack”submission.ThisstructurecompelstheFDAtoprovidefavorablerulingstothosepaying“userfees”orrisklosingamassiveportionofitsfunding.ThesheervolumeofthisBigPharmastipendhastheFDAaddictedto“userfees.”

Anyonewhosaysthata“fasttrack”drugapprovalapplication—witha$1.4millioncheckattached—doesn’treceiveamorefavorablerulingisjustnotpayingattention.Yetasoutrageousasthisis,thecorruptdealingsbetweentheFDAanddrugcompaniesgofarbeyond“userfees.”

Salesoffoodanddrugsaccountforabout25%oftheentireU.S.economy,underscoringtheincrediblefinancialimpactthattheFDAwieldswithitsvirtuallyunrestrictedregulatorycontrol.Whatstrategiesmightaprofit-hungrycompanyexecutiveemploytoobtainthesolemarketingrightsforabillion-dollardrug?Thievesstealandkillforpaltrysumsofmoneyeveryday.Itisnothardtoseehowthepotentialforbillionscouldminimizetheattentionpaidtoseriousdrug-inducedsideeffects.Onethingisforsure,billionsofdollarscontinuetofillpharmaceuticalcofferswhilehundredsofthousandsofAmericansneedlesslysufferanddietogeneratethatmoney.

Becausetherearemenwhomightbetemptedtooverlookadversedrugreactionswiththelureofhugeprofits,howunfortunateisitthattheFDA’sdrugapprovalprotocolprovidesaperfectcoverforthiscriminalactivity?AtfirstglanceitmakessensethattheFDAwouldemploy“experts”tohelpmakepolicyandapprovedrugs.Perhaps,it’sevenunderstandablethattheseadvisorsarerecruitedfrompharmaceuticalresearchers,pharmaceuticalconsultants,andevenformerpharmaceuticalexecutives.

TherealproblemisthatofficialFDApolicyallowstheseadvisorstohaveacontinuingfinancialinterest(consultingfees,stockownership,etc.)inthecompaniesthataresubmittingnewdrugsforapproval.Anywayyoulookatit,thisarrangementcannotbeconsideredanythingotherthanaclassicalconflictofinterest,regardlessofthemotivesofthepeopleinvolved.

HowPrevalentarethese“ConflictsofInterest”?AUSATodayanalysisoffinancialconflictsatFDAadvisorycommitteemeetingsforan

18-monthperiodprovidesashockingpicture.Outof159meetingscovered,thefollowingfinancialconflictsofinterestwerediscovered:

•146meetings(92%)—atleastoneoftheadvisorshadaconflict226

•57meetings(36%)—over90%oftheadvisorspresenthadaconflictofinterest226

•102meetings(64%)—33%oftheadvisorshadaconflictandtheydeterminedthefateofaparticulardrug226

Imaginethatapharmaceuticalcompanyispresentinganewchemotherapydrugtoapanelofexpertsandathirdofthemareeitherpaidconsultantsorownstockinthepresentingcompanyoraclosecompetitor.Isitevenpossiblethatsucha“panel”ofexpertswithaconsiderablefinancialinterestinthedecisionisgoingtorenderatotallyunbiasedopinion?

ThisunholyFDA/pharmaceuticalalliancehasabsolutelynothingtodowithprotectingthepublic,whichispurportedlytheprimaryreasonthattheFDAexists.Purposelyallowingsuchabiasedjuryofinvestorstoreignsupremewhenthedecisionsinvolvebillionsofdollarsandaffectthehealthandlivesofmillions,crossesallmoralboundaries.Thedismissiveattitudetowardthehighdeathratefromadversedrugreactionsisnotsohardtounderstandafterall!

WhytheFDAandTheirDrugCompanyClientsHateFoodSupplementsPharmaceuticalcompaniesreapprofitsthatwouldmakeanyone,includingoil

companies,jealous.That’sbecausetheyenjoyamonopolythatisuniquetothedrugindustry.Here’showitworks:

1)Findanaturalsubstancethatprovideshealthbenefits

2)Chemicallyalterthesubstancesothatitcanqualifyforapatent(Thisisbecausenaturalsubstancescannotbepatented—andoftenitisthisalteringprocessthatmakesdrugstoxic)

3)PatentthenewdrugandgetitapprovedbytheFDA

4)Createdemandbyadvertisingyournewdrugtodoctorsandpatients

5)Chargewhateverpriceyoufeelthemarketwillbearbecausenooneelsecansellthenewlypatenteddrugforafull20years

Itisquitetruethatthisdrugdevelopment/approvalprocesstakesyearsandmillionsofdollars.Buttheprizeofa20-yearrunofannualsalesinthehundredsofmillionsmakestheeffortworthwhile.

Ontheotherhand,asubstancelikevitaminCthatcanrenderbetterresults—withoutsideeffects—forafractionofthecostputsthewholedrug/money-makingmonopolyinjeopardy.Studiescitedinpreviouschaptersclearlyindicatethattheincidenceofheartdisease,strokes,cancer,andchronicdegenerativediseasescoulddropby50%ormoreiftheentirepopulationwastakinghigh-dosevitaminC.Itisextremelydoubtfulthatthecurrentpharmaceuticalindustrycouldsurvivesuchabitterpill.

So,whenanutrient,likehigh-dosevitaminC,clearlyhasthepotentialtoeliminatemuchoftheenormousrevenuesofawholehostofdrugs,wouldn’ttherebeatremendous

temptationtodiscredit,disparage,andevendestroysuchathreat?Certainlythespawningandspreadingof“LiesthatKill”(seeChapterSeven)wouldbeapowerfulstrategy.

BecauseBigPharmahashugeamountsofmoneyatitsfingertips,theyfightthewaronmanyfronts,includinginfluencingpublicopinion.Drugcompaniesspendbillionsonmedicalschoolscholarshipsandresearchgrants.Billionsarealsospentonadvertising(TV,newspaper,magazines,aswellasadsinpeer-reviewedjournals).Nomatterhowbenevolenttheadvertisingappears,thismoneydirectlyandindirectlyinfluencesmedicalschoolcurricula,healthnewscontent,researchersandresearchdirections,popularopinion,thewaydoctorspracticemedicine,andthewaytheFDAprocessesnewdrugapplications.

Mightthishugepharmaceuticalindustryinfluenceexplainwhymedicalschoolstudentsgetalmostnotraininginnutrition?MightitalsoexplainwhythousandsofstudiesshowingtheeffectivenessofvitaminCaretotallyignoredbythe“goldstandards”ofmedicalinformationforphysicians,liketheprimarytextbooksofmedicine,CecilMedicineandHarrison’sPrinciplesofInternalMedicine?

Inaworldwheremoneytalks,thedrugpropagandamachineisunderstandablebutneverforgivable.RealabuseofpowerwithcriminalintentisevidentasoneconsidersthatFDAofficialshavebeenchargedandgonetojailforthecommissionoffeloniesinthegrantingofapprovalsfordrugsormedicaldevicesformonetarygain.AsimpleYahoo!®orGoogle®searchfor“FDAconflictsofinterest”willprovideexamplesoftheseapproval-for-salewrongdoingsbytheFDA.

However,conflictofinterestmisdeedsdon’tstoporevenslowatsimplebribery.TheBigPharma-controlledFDAhasahistoryofblatantGestapo-style“enforcement”activitiesthatoccurspurelyfortheprotectionofBigPharma’sturf.Someoftheseactionsofourpro-pharmaceuticalgovernmentagainstthepublicaresoterrifyingthatitishardtobelievethattheystilloccurinfreedom-lovingAmerica.

AlthoughitdoesnotinvolvevitaminCinanyway,thefollowingwell-documentedaccountrevealsjustoneofthecovertoperationsdeployedbytheBigPharma-FDAalliance.TheactionstakenagainstabrilliantphysicianandtheAmericanpeoplebytheFDA,theNationalCancerInstitute,ahugedrugcompany,andtheTexasMedicalBoardofExaminersaredownrightwicked.Thefollowingaccountisfullydocumentedinofficialgovernmentrecords—itisfrightening,butcompletelytrue!

TheUnholyWarAgainstaNontoxicCancerCurethatActuallyWorksStanislawBurzynski,MD,PhD,isadoctorandbiochemistwhowasabletodowhat

over$5billionperyearintaxes—carelesslytossedtotheNationalCancerInstitute—wasunabletodo:findacureforcancer.

Ashewasearninghisdoctorateinbiochemistry,Dr.Burzynskidiscoveredthatthereweresomeproteinsandaminoacidsabsentintheurineandbloodofpeoplewithcancerthatwerepresentinhealthypeople.Hetheorizedthatcancerpatientsmightbehelpedthroughtheadministrationofthecompoundshecallsantineoplastons.Overtime,hewasabletotesthistheory.

Trulymiraculousresultsfollowed.Somiraculousinfact,thatin1977heretainedlegalcouncilinhishomestateofTexastodetermineifhecouldestablishhisowncancerresearchinstitute.ThelawyersdeterminedandthestatecourtsconfirmedthataslongasheperformedhisresearchwithinTexasstatelinesthefederalgovernment,includingtheFDA,hadnojurisdiction.ItismorethanrevealinginitselfthatDr.Burzynskisoughttoavoidfuturelegalintrusionsintohisclinicbeforetheyeveroccurred.

Withthatassuranceandunderstanding,Burzynskisetupaclinicandbegantotreatpatientswithhisantineoplastons.Peoplewithincurablecancersweregoingintoremission,quickly,thoroughly,andwithoutsideeffects.Ashisfamegrew,peoplestartedcomingfromallovertheglobetoreceivetreatment.Manycancerpatientswhoweredeemedterminalandincurablewereoftencured.ThenthemostincrediblenightmareforDr.Burzynskibegan.

In1983,theFDAfiledacivilactionagainstDr.Burzynskidemandingthathisactivitiesbecurtailed.PriortotheendofthetrialtheFDAsentathreateninglettertothejudgestatingtheFDAwouldbeforcedtouse“moresevereandlessefficientremedies”tostophimifthecourtfailedtodoso.EventhoughthecourtruledinBurzynski’sfavor,FDAattorneysboasted,“wehaveotherwaystogethim.”

WithobviouspressurefromtheFDA,theTexasStateBoardofMedicalExaminersbegantosendinvestigatorstothehomesofBurzynski’sformerpatients—evenasfarawayasCalifornia—inanattempttogetthemtofilecomplaintsagainsthim.Inspiteofthehugenumberofpatientsvisited,theireffortsfailed.

In1985,anyinquirersaskingtheFDAaboutDr.Burzynskiweretoldthathewasundercriminalinvestigation.EventuallyajudgeissuedaceaseanddesistorderagainsttheFDAalongwithafirmreprimandforthisobviousattempttodestroyDr.Burzynski’sreputation.Laterthatyear,theFDAraidedDr.Burzynski’sclinicandseizedover200,000pagesofresearchdocuments,alongwithallofhispatientrecords.Afewmonthslater,theFDAconvenedagrandjuryinanattempttobringanindictmentagainstDr.Burzynski.Thegrandjuryfoundnowrongdoingandrefusedtopermitthefilingofanyformalchargesagainsthim.

Ayearlater,theFDAconductedanotherraidontheclinicandseizedanother100,000pagesofresearchdocumentsandpatientrecords.Soonafter,theFDAconvenedanothergrandjury.ThejuryagainfoundnowrongdoingandrefusedtoindictBurzynski.

InMayof1986,duetooutsidepressure(mostbelievefromtheFDA),theTexasStateBoardofMedicalExaminersinformedDr.Burzynskithat,althoughtherehadbeennocomplaints,theywerestartinganinvestigationandhemightwanttoretainlegalcouncil.Subsequently,theBoardcalledhiminandtriedtopersuadehimtoceasehisactivities.InNovember,theBoardrequestedpatientrecordstoshowefficacyofhistreatments.Theypromisedtoleavehimaloneifaboardofoncologistsfoundthathistherapieswerehelpingpeople.Ingoodfaith,Dr.Burzynskiagreedandsubmittedmorethandoublethedocumentationrequested.

Nearlytwoyearslater,in1988,theTexasStateBoardofMedicalExaminersdisallowed

allDr.Burzynski’sdocumentationandfiledachargethathewasinviolationofSection3.08,Paragraph(4)(A)ofthelawstatingitwas“groundstocancel,revokeorsuspend”hismedicallicense.Twoyearslater,in1990,theBoardfiledanamendedcomplaintwithvirtuallyidenticalcharges.Againthecourtfoundnowrongdoing,andnoactionagainsthismedicallicensewastaken.

Inthesameyear,theFDAconvenedathirdgrandjury.Atthesametime,theFDAbegantocontactsuppliersandothersassociatedwiththeclinicstatingthatDr.Burzynskiwasundergrandjuryinvestigation.Nowrongdoingwasfound,andstillnoformalchargeswerefiled.Nevertheless,theFDAcontinuedtoinvestigateandharassBurzynskiforthenexttwoyears.

TheTexasStateBoardofMedicalExaminersfiledasecondamendedcomplaintagainstDr.BurzynskionAugust14,1992.Againthecourtfoundhimnotguilty.InJanuaryofthefollowingyear,60ofDr.Burzynski’spatientspetitionedtheTexasStateBoardofMedicalExaminerstostopharassinghim.Almostimmediately,theBoardrequestedthatthepatients’petitionsbestrickenfromtherecord.

Afewmonthslaterthecasewenttotrial.DuringthistrialNicholasJ.Patronas,M.D.,aboard-certifiedradiologist,professorofradiologyatGeorgetownUniversity,andbothFounderandChiefofNeuroradiologyattheNationalCancerInstitutevoluntarilyflewtoTexastotestifyonthedoctor’sbehalf.UnderoathhestatedthatDr.Burzynski’santineoplastontherapywassafeandeffectiveagainstbraincancer.AttheconclusionofthetrialthejudgeruledinDr.Burzynski’sfavorfindingthattheBoarddidnotintroduceanycompetentorsubstantialevidencethathistherapywasnotsafeoreffective.

TheFDAconvenedafourthgrandjuryin1994!Onceagain,nocrediblebasisforformalchargescouldbefound.

BecauseDr.Burzynskiwasnowgettingnationalattention,“CBSThisMorning”invitedthedoctorandthreeofhispatientsontheprogramtotelltheirstories.ThatsameafternoontheFDAagainraidedDr.Burzynski’soffice,tookmoredocuments,andissuedmoresubpoenas.Afewdayslater,theFDAsubpoenaedmedicalrecordsofallpatientswhohadappearedonTVregardingDr.Burzynski’streatments.

AtaboutthissametimetheTexasStateBoardofMedicalExaminersappealedtheearlierdecision.ThejudgeagainruledinDr.Burzynski’sfavor.

Finally,duetomuchpublicoutcryonDr.Burzynski’sbehalf,aCongressionalSubcommitteeHearingconvenedtoreviewhiscase.Duringthehearing,dozensofDr.Burzynski’spatientstestifiedofcurestheyhadreceivedandpleadedagainsttheFDA’scontinuedharassment.ThecommitteememberscouldnotunderstandwhytheFDAhadcalledsomanygrandjuriesandevensuggestedthattheFDAhadavendettaagainstDr.Burzynski.

Undeterred,theFDAconvenedafifthgrandjuryinMarchof1995.AtnopointdidtheFDAclaimthatDr.Burzynski’scancertreatmentswerenotsafeorthattheydidnotwork.Theonlycomplaintwasthatthetreatmentswereunapproved.Atthispoint,theywereabletogetthejudgetoagreethatthejurywouldnotbeallowedtohearanytestimony

aboutthesafetyofantineoplastonsandthatnoevidenceoftheirabilitytocurecancercouldbepresented.

Withtheserestrictions,thegrandjuryfinallyissuedindictmentsfor75countsofviolatingfederallawandfraud.Ifconvicted,thelawwouldslapDr.Burzynskiwithamaximumof290yearsinafederalprisonand$18,500,000infines.

Atthesametime,theTexasStateBoardofMedicalExaminersappealedtheircomplainttotheTexasSupremeCourt.Althoughnowrongdoingwascited,thejudgesputDr.Burzynskiona10-yearprobation.

Laterin1996CongressconvenedanothersubcommitteehearingandaskedtheFDAtoacceptallofBurzynski’spatientsintoaseriesofFDA-supervisedPhaseIIclinicaltrials.TheFDAagreed.Evenso,theFDAcontinueditsprosecutionofDr.Burzynskionthebasisofthepreviousgrandjuryindictment.Andagain,anattorneyfortheFDAstatedthat,“Whetherantineoplastonsdoordonotworkisnotanissue…andthejuryshouldnotbeaskedtodecidethequestion.”Thejudgecaved.

Inspiteoftheunfairstipulationsofthetrial,Dr.Burzynskiwasacquittedon42ofthe75chargesagainsthim.Amistrialwascalledfortheremainingcounts.Shortlythereafter,pressurefromCongressandthepublicforcedtheFDAtodropallbutoneoftheremainingcharges.Laterthatyear,Dr.Burzynskiwasacquittedofthefinalchargeagainsthim.

Unfortunately,thisGestapo-likecampaigncosttheAmericantaxpayer(atleastwhattheFDAreported)$60millionandpiled$2.2millioninlegalfeesonBurzynski.Thankfully,anoutragedpublichelpedcoverhislegalfees.AllofthismoneywouldhavebeenmuchbetterspentinagranttofurtherBurzynski’sresearch.

Andyet,thestorydoesn’tendhere.Infact,itgetsmorehorrifying…

Duringthisentireordeal,theNationalCancerInstitute(NCI),(liketheFDA,theNationalCancerInstituteispartoftheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices)hadestablishedanagreementwithDr.Burzynskitotesthisantineoplastontherapies.Inanapparentattempttodiscreditthetreatment,theNCIalteredtheprotocolsbyusingdosesthatweremuchtoosmallandbyenlistingpatientswhohadcancersthatwerefarworsethanthetestingprotocolspecified.LogicwoulddictatethatthiswasdoneintentionallyinordertodestroyDr.Burzynski’scredibility,asthetinydosesemployedwereclearlyunabletopreventthedeathofanyofthepatientsinthetrial.

Unfortunately,thereisevenmoreperverseintrigueandcorruptionthatwon’tbedisclosedhere.Theentirestoryhasbeenrecordedinamovie-lengthdocumentarycalledBurzynski.Interestedreadersareencouragedtoseethecompletedocumentationofwhathasbeenreportedthusfarandtherestofthestoryatwww.burzynskimovie.com.

Thetruthis,Burzynski’santineoplastonscuredmanycancers,eventhoseconsidereduntreatablebytheironcologists!Noteventhefederalgovernmentdisputesthatfact.Itisalsotruethatchemotherapydrugshavecollectivelygeneratedtrillionsofdollarsinrevenuesincetheirinception.Ingeneral,theydonotcurecancer,andtheyhaveterriblesideeffects.Tomaintaintheirlucrativemonopolies,BigPharma,theFDA,andthe

NationalCancerInstitutesimplyhavetoprotectthecancerdrugbusiness.Asshownintheprecedingstory,theywillgotoverygreatlengthstokeepalegitimatecancercureawayfromthepublic.

Millionsuponmillionshavediedwhocouldhavebeencuredduringthe28yearsthattheFDA—inanattempttoprotectthepharmaceuticalindustry’swildlyprofitablecancercartel—triedtolockDr.Burzynskiawayforever.Thisisfarbeyondcriminal.Inanyothercontext,causingthedeathofmillionsofpeopleiscalledGENOCIDE!

Inspiteofallthisandagainstallodds,antineoplastonssuccessfullycompletedtheFDAPhaseIIClinicalTrialsandhavenowenteredthefinalsetoftrialsbeforegainingapproval.IftheFDA,NationalCancerInstitute,andBigPharmacanbekeptundercontrol,mostradiationandchemotherapy,withalloftheirtoxicsideeffects,willbereplacedbyrealcuressuchasantineoplastonsandvitaminC.

Unfortunatelythebattleisfarfromover.Aninternationaltreaty,alreadyratified,isworkingagainstnaturalmedicineandcausingthefederalgovernmenttogivetheFDAevenmoremoneyandmuchmorepower.

CodexAlimentarius:High-DoseVitaminCBannedviaInternationalTreatyInDecemberof2009theUnitedStatesbecameamemberofCodexAlimentarius(Latin

for“foodlaw”).Thistreatywasconceived,drafted,andpushedbyinternationalpharmaceuticalcompaniesandagriculturalchemicalconglomeratesthroughtheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO),whichisapartoftheUnitedNations.Thestatedpurposeforthelawistostandardizethe“farm-to-fork”production—growing,pesticideresidues,veterinarydrugs,contaminants,foodharvesting,foodhygiene,foodpreparation,packaging,labeling,presentation,andmarketingrules—forallfood,foodadditives,drugs,herbs,andfoodsupplementsworldwide.

AccordingtotheU.S.Constitution,treatiestakeprecedenceoveranyandallnational,state,county,ormunicipallaws.Asamemberofthistreaty,theUnitedStatesmust“harmonize”itslawstocomplywiththestandardsestablishedbyCodexAlimentarius(Codex)orfacefinesandpenaltiespayabletotheWTO.

AmongmanyotherfrighteningstandardstobeimposedthroughCodex,thetreatywillcontrolsupplementdosagesizes.Forexample,thedosagesizeofvitaminCwillnotbeallowedtoexceed200mg.AvitaminCsupplementthatdeliversmorethanthestateddosagewillbeconsideredtobeadrug,andassumingthatitcaneventuallyreceiveFDAdrugapproval,willhavetobeprescribedbyadoctorandpurchasedatapharmacy.AlloftheselegalmanipulationsdecreasetheavailabilitywhileincreasingthepriceofvitaminCoranyothertargetednutrient.

OnJanuary4,2011,inamovetowardU.S.compliancewithCodex,PresidentObamasignedoneofdozensoflawsheadedourway:TheFDAFoodSafetyModernizationAct.ThislawgivestheFDAmoreauthority.And,inresponse,theFDAhasalreadycalledfor$100,000,000in“userfees”(a.k.a.,bribes?)tofunditsenforcement.

Remember,thisisjustthefirstofmanylaws—eachoneawardingthecorruptand

metastasizingFDAmoreregulatoryandenforcementpower—thattheU.S.mustestablishinorderto“harmonize”withCodex.

AlthoughtheFDAFoodSafetyModernizationActdoesnotaddressfoodsupplementsspecifically,inthenearfuturelawswillneedtobeimplementedthatdomatchtheCodexstandard.ThismeansthatultimatelyvitaminCsupplementsover200mgwillbeillegal.ThisisalreadythecaseinseveralEuropeancountries.

Forthosewhothinkitcan’thappenhere,considerthis…

LivingProof,VitaminC,McGuff,andtheFDAAsreferencedinChapterOne,60MinutesinNewZealandproducedadocumentary

aboutthemiraculousrecoveryofAllanSmithfromswineflu,white-outpneumonia,andhairycellleukemia.“LivingProof?”wasfirstairedinthesummerof2010.

ThenewsprogramrevealedthedecisionbythehospitalstafftoallowMr.Smithtodieuponremovalfromlifesupport.Cavingtointensepressurefromthefamily,thehospitalreluctantlyagreedtoadministerhigh-doseintravenousvitaminC.Aspartofthedocumentary,thescenecuttoapictureofavialofvitaminC—thesamebrandthatthehospitalusedinthetreatment.Themanufacturer’sname,McGuffPharmaceuticals,Inc.,wasclearlyevidentonthevial.AftermanybattleswithdoctorsandhospitalstocontinuethevitaminCtherapy,themanwhowassupposedtobedeadtotallyrecoveredfromallofhisillnessesandresumednormallife.

Thisrevealingandmovingdocumentarywassopopularthatitsoonappearedonseveralinternetsites.Linksonmanymoresitessentpeopletoplaceswhere“LivingProof?”couldbeviewed—andmillionsofpeopledid.

Then,inalettertoMcGuffdatedDecember28,2010,theFDAbannedanyfurthermassproductionofitsvitaminCformulations.Why?WasittoprotectallthepatientswhomightbeatriskofbeingcuredortoprotectBigPharmafromapotentiallossofrevenue?Orwasitto“protect”somanypatientsfromthebenefitsofhigh-dosevitaminC?

NewZealand:FirstVictoryintheHigh-DoseVitaminCRevolutionRegardlessofitscomplicityinstoppingtheintravenousvitaminCtherapyonAllan

Smithafteradramaticimprovementhadalreadybeenseen,thetreatinghospitalinNewZealanddeservessomecredit.ItactuallyallowedthevitaminCtobegiveninthefirstplace!Tomyknowledge,theadministrationofhigh-doseintravenousvitaminCstillhasnotoccurredinasinglehospitalintheUnitedStates.Manyprivateclinics,yes;asinglehospital,no.

Becauseofthe60Minutesdocumentary,“LivingProof?,”NewZealandpatientscannowrequestitsuseintheirtreatments.Nevertheless,agreatdealoffightingwithdoctorsandhospitalsstillmustprecedeallsuchvitaminCinfusions.InSeptemberof2010,aNewZealandcitizensgroup,“VitaminCCanCure,”invitedmetospeaktothemaboutvitaminC,themassiveevidenceforitsefficacy,andtheirlegalrightsinitsapplication.

ThegroundswellisbuildingandasimilarmovementisnowspreadinginAustralia.

Howevertheseimportantadvancesonlyhappenwhenenoughpeopledemandit.Massivepressureneedstobebroughttobearonpoliticiansbyinformedcitizens.Otherwise,vitaminCwillremainjustanothertraceingredientinyourmorningcerealandotherprocessedfoods.Youwon’tgetscurvy,butyouwillstillbeatriskforscoresofotherdiseases.

TheU.S.Congressneedstohearfromanelectoratethatwillnottoleratethecurrentdirectionofhealthlaw.Herearesomesuggestions:

•ExpertswithANYconflictofinterestshouldnotbeallowedtoparticipateinrelatedFDAapprovalsorpolicy-makingatanytime

•TheFDAshouldnotbeabletoarbitrarilyandcapriciouslysearchandseizesupplementsandofficerecordswithoutwell-defineddueprocessandawarrant

•TheFDAshouldbepreventedfromlegalharassment(forexample,onegrandjuryacquittalshouldbetheendofthematter)

•FundsshouldbedivertedfromtheNationalCancerInstituteandtheFDAtoestablishanInstituteofNaturalHealththatwouldbedirectedbyscience-basedphysicianswhocancitetheevidenceestablishingthatnaturalfoodsandsupplementscanheal

•ThesafetyanduseofnaturalmedicinesandsupplementsshouldberegulatedbythisInstituteofNaturalHealth

•TheInstituteofNaturalHealthwouldappropriategrantsandestablishreasonableprotocolsfordeterminingthesafetyandefficacyofnaturalsubstancesandtherapiesandapprovethemformedicaluse

Hopefullythisbook,andespeciallythischapter,isopeningyoureyes,givingyouhope,andmakingyouangryenoughtotellothers.Forresourcesthatcanhelpinsuchacampaign,seethefinalpageofthisbook.

Withyourhelp,wecanmakeadifferenceandprotectourrightstoinexpensiveandnontoxictherapies,likevitaminC.

Nowlet’sdiscusshowtomosteffectivelysupplementwithvitaminC…

ChapterNineHigh-DoseVitaminC:HowtoBenefit

Wheredowegofromhere?VitaminCisuniquelysuitedtokillpathogens,neutralizetoxins,andsuperchargethe

immunesystem.Itserveswellinnotonlypreventingcancerandheartdisease,butalsointreating,arresting,andevenresolvingpre-existingheartdiseaseandcancer.Evenwhendiseasesarebeyondthepointofreversalandcure,vitaminCwillalwaysreducesymptomatologyandimprovethequalityoflife.Itusuallyextendsthelengthoflifeaswell.Itsantioxidantcapabilitiesfightoxidativestressandthedegenerativediseasescausedbythatstressinwaysthatputitinaclassbyitself.WeknowthatpeoplewhohavethehighestlevelsofvitaminChavemuchlowermortalityratesbecauseitkeepsthemfromgettingsickinthefirstplace.

WhyisthisOneSubstancesoEffectiveandImportant?BecausetheintendedroleofvitaminChasalwaysbeenthePrimalPanacea!Man’s

bodywasdesignedtofunctionbestwithhighbloodandcellularlevelsofvitaminC—synthesizedasneededbytheliver.Duetoaninbornerrorofmetabolism,thevastmajorityofusnolongerhavetheabilitytomakeit,butthatdoesnotlessenourneedforvitaminCorthebenefitsderivedfromit.

Unfortunately,theuseofhigh-dosevitaminCisatcross-purposeswithanindustrythatCANNOTEXISTwithoutachronicallyillpopulation.

Don’tbefooled!Thegovernmentandthetraditionalmedicalindustryarelookingforcuresaboutasdiligentlyascrackdealerssearchforanon-addictiveformofcocaine.Eventhoughthetraditionalmedicalworldisstartingtogivelipserviceto“healthandwellness,”thetruthisthatsicknessanddiseasepaythebills.

Thinkaboutit…whatwouldhappenifbysometwistoffatetheentirepopulationsuddenlybecamewellforaperiodoftime?Workerandstudentproductivitywouldbeattoplevelsbecausepeoplewouldbehealthyandfeelingbetterthantheyhaveinyears.Butwait…allthehospitalbedswouldbeempty,thesurgicalsuitesdark,thepharmacyfreeofprescriptions,doctorsidlysittingintheiroffices,andinsuranceclerkswithnothingtodo.

Yes,that’sfar-fetchedandunrealistic.Yet,whatifjust25%ofthepopulationwassignificantlyhealthier?Howwouldthatimpactthemedicalsystem?Onewouldhopeitwouldrejoice—butitcouldn’t!Wouldanypharmaceuticalcompanyembraceacureforheartdiseaseorcancerwhentheirfinancialexistencedependsonsellingheartandcancerdrugs?

HowcouldthecurrentmedicalestablishmentnotseethePrimalPanaceaasathreat?

Fortunatelyforthem,manypeoplewillneverknowaboutthepowerofhigh-dosevitaminC,andtheywillneveravailthemselvesofitsbenefits.Themythswillcontinueto

circulateandthemasseswillcontinuetobelieve.Butwhataboutthoseofuswhodoknow?Weneedtoprotectourfreedomsbyresistingattemptstomakehigh-dosevitaminCillegal,andweneedtolearnthebestwaystodrinkfromthiswonderfullife-givingfountain.

Youholdvaluableinformationinyourhands.Thisbookisfulloffacts,evidence,studies,andabigdoseofreality.Nothingherewasintendedtoscareyou,onlytofullyinformyou.Togetherwecanwinthebattle!Butyouwillneedyourhealthandyourstrengthtodoso.YoucanstartbyoptimizingyourownvitaminClevels…here’show:

OptimizingBloodLevelsofVitaminCVitaminCisthePrimalPanacea—theprimarydefenseinman’sconstantfightagainst

toxins,pathogens,andoxidativestress.BecausemanmustreplacethevitaminCheoncesynthesizedinabundance,thissubstanceoccupiesanespeciallyimportantpositioninthebody’slistofrequirednutrients.

Certainlyhumanshavemanyothernutritionalneeds,butthebody’sintakerequirementsformostothermicronutrients(vitamins,minerals,enzymes,andaminoacids)andmacronutrients(proteins,carbohydrates,fats)staywithinmorelimitedranges.

Chapter3discussedthehugefluctuationinvitaminCproductioninC-synthesizinganimalsthatoccursinresponsetotheircurrenttoxicandpathogenicchallenges.Man’sneedforvitaminCalsovariesgreatlyandinarangefarabovethegovernment’sRDAof75to90mg.ThevitaminCstartingpointforhealthyadultsisapproximately6,000mgandgrowsinproportiontotheirleveloftoxicexposureandtheintensityofchallengestotheimmunesystem.Itisaforegoneconclusionthatmeetingthisneedsolelythroughfoodintakeisnotpossible.

Furthermore,thehumandigestivesystemisextremelyinefficientatgettingvitaminCintothebloodstream.ThisisyetmoreevidenceoftheimportanceofourlostabilitytosynthesizevitaminC.Studiesshowthatasdosesizeincreases,thepercentageofvitaminCthatgetsintotheblooddramaticallydecreases.Onestudyfoundthataround19mgofa20mgdoseofwater-solubleCmadeitintothebloodstream.Asthedosesizesincreased,however,thatamountdroppedprecipitously.227Projectionsfromthestudy’sfindingssuggestthatonly2,000mgofa12,000mgdosewillenterthebloodstream,228anddelivering3,000mgofCintothebloodstreamfromasingleingesteddosewouldbetheoreticallyimpossible.

ThisresistancetovitaminCassimilationfromthedigestivetractoccursbecausevitaminC(inalltraditionaltablets,capsules,liquids,andchewableforms)isabsorbedbythebodythroughalimitednumberofportalsintheintestinalwall.Onlyonemoleculeofascorbatecanpassthroughagivenportalatatime.So,atthepointwhenalltheportalsarebusy,anyremainingunabsorbedvitaminCwillpassonthroughtothecolonandaccumulatethere.ThisiswhythequantityofregularvitaminCthebodycanassimilateissoseverelyrestricted.

Furthermore,thisrestrictionexplainsthesuperiorityofintravenousadministrationofvitaminCovertraditionaloralsupplementationinthetreatmentofacuteinfectious

diseasesandseveretoxinexposures.Andonapracticalnote,bioavailabilitystudiesconfirmimprovedabsorptionwhendailyvitaminCsupplementationisbrokenintoseveralsmallerdoses.

TheMonumentalBreakthroughinHigh-DoseVitaminCSupplementationFrederickKlenner,MD,demonstratedtheenormoustherapeuticvalueofhigh-dose

vitaminCinthetreatmentofanarrayofdiseasesandpoisonings.Whenapatient’sconditionwascritical,heoftenturnedtomassivedosesgivenbyintravenousinfusion.Hewassosuccessfulwiththismethodthatitquicklybecamethe“goldstandard”ofvitaminCdelivery.

SinceKlenner’sday,numerousvariationsoforalvitaminCsupplementformulations(shape,size,additionalingredients,slightimprovementsintabletingprocesses,chewable,etc.)haveenteredthemarketplace.ButnoneofthesesignificantlyimprovedthebioavailabilityoforalvitaminC—thatis,untilvitaminC’smarriagewithliposomeencapsulationscience.

Liposomeswerefirstdiscoveredinthe1960s.229Thescienceofliposome-enhancedbioavailabilityhasenjoyedcontinuedrefinementduringthelast50years.230Itrapidlybecameapparentthatliposomescouldenvelopsubstancesandenhancetheirdeliveryintothecellsofthebody.Becauseofitsabilitytodramaticallyincreasethebody’suptakeoforallyadministeredvitaminC,ithasfoundauniqueplaceintherealmofvitaminCsupplementation.Liposome-encapsulatedvitaminChastheconvenienceofanoraladministrationwhileofferingabioavailabilitytechnicallysuperioreventoCdeliveredbyvein.Inotherwords,anintravenousresultdeliveredbymouthisnowpossible.

WhatAreLiposomes?Whenphospholipids(composedmainlyoffattyacids)areplacedinanaqueoussolution

underspecialconditions,theiruniquemolecularstructureforcesthemtoformmicroscopicbubbles.Thesetinyspheres,calledliposomes,havedouble-layeredmembranesalmostidenticaltothebilayermembranesthatsurroundmostcellsinthebody.Asliposomesareformed,theycaptureandenclosewhateverwasdissolvedinthestartingsolution.

Becauseoftheirfattyacidcomposition,liposomesarenotsolubleinwaterandarenotsusceptibletobreakdowninthestomach.Becauseofthiscomposition—alongwiththeirinfinitesimalsize—liposomescanfacilitateabsorptionofalargepercentageoftheirencapsulatedpayloadsbeforeanysignificantenzymaticbreakdownofthelipidstakesplaceintheintestine.

Assoonastheyenterthesmallintestine,theyslipthroughtheintestinalwallwithouttheneedofthespecialmolecularportals(receptorsites).Liposomesalsopenetratecellwallsinthesameefficientmanner.TheseandotherpropertiesmakethemidealforcarryingvitaminC(andmanyotherwater-solublenutrients)intothebloodandintocells.

Bottomline:Liposome-encapsulatedvitaminCdeliversintravenousimpactinanoralform

Apeer-reviewedstudydemonstratedthatliposome-encapsulatedvitaminCwasableto

deliverroughlytwicethemaximumamountofvitaminCtothebloodpreviouslybelievedtobepossible—evenwithspaceddoses—ofothermore“traditional”formsoforalvitaminC.231Myclinicalexperiencewithliposome-encapsulatedvitaminCsuggeststhattheclinicalimpactofliposome-encapsulatedvitaminCmayevenexceedtheclinicalimpactofintravenousvitaminCforsomeacuteinfections.

ThesefindingsdonotnegatethetherapeuticimportanceofintravenousvitaminC.Clearly,whenthereisaclinicalneedtodeliverahighdoseofvitaminCquickly,asinasnakebiteorbarbiturateoverdose,intravenousdeliveryisbest.However,eveninthesesituations,bothroutesofadministrationworksynergisticallyinoptimizingvitaminC’stherapeuticbenefits.

DeterminingActualVitaminCNeedThehumanbodyhasmechanismsforhelpingusdetermineourcurrentneedfor

vitaminC.Althoughfarfromperfect,oneofthesemechanisms—boweltolerance—isagoodstartingpoint.

Oftenpeoplewhohaveused“megadoses”oftraditionalvitaminCtofightacoldorfluexperienceawaterydiarrhea,calledaC-flush.ThisphenomenonhappenswheneveralargeamountofvitaminCisnotabsorbedinthesmallintestine.TheunabsorbedCreachesthecolonwhereitdrawswaterintothebowels.Awaterydiarrheanaturallyensues,notasanadversesideeffect,butsimplybecausetheintestinescannothandlethevolumeofwaterthattheCdrawsintothelargebowel.

Thepresenceofatoxicorpathogenicchallengeoftenincreasesboweltoleranceforascorbate,mostofteninproportiontotheseverityofthechallenge.Infact,RobertCathcart,MDnotedinhistreatmentofHIV/AIDSpatientsthatboweltolerancefrequentlyroseto75-100gramsperday,whichis20to50timesmorethanseeninhealthyindividuals.232

Anotherwaytodetermineanoptimumdoseissimplybyevaluationofbodilysignals.Whenonedoesn’t“feelquiteright,”anincreaseindosewillusuallybeinorder.Ifonereachesasenseofwell-beingandadditionalvitaminCdoesnotproduceanyfurtherimprovement,thebody’sneedhasmostlikelybeenmet.

ForthosewithknownC-deficiencydiseases(likeatherosclerosis,periodontaldisease,cataracts,orosteoporosis)orcontinualtoxicexposure(suchasmercury-amalgamfillings,rootcanal-treatedteeth,ortoxicchemicalsintheenvironment)upwardadjustmentsindailydosearealsorecommended.

PracticalSuggestionsDailyboweltolerancedosingcanbeinconvenientandunpleasant,butagoodstrategy

includesperiodicutilizationofthistypeofvitaminCsupplementationtoestablishbaselineneed.AC-flushwillcleansethebowelandminimizeitscontributiontothebody’stoxinexposureaswell.Onceamonth,orevenonceaweek,takespaceddosesofvitaminCpowderdissolvedinwateruntiltheonsetofdiarrhea.Atthispointabaselinedosecanbedetermined,andthebowelswillbenefitfromahealthycleanse.Pleasenote:

Sincetheliposomeformulationenjoysanearlycompleteabsorption,itwillnotcauseadiarrhealflush.

Whenthebaselinerequirementisestablished,supplementationonsubsequentdayscouldincludeacombinationofaliposomalformulationandsodiumascorbatepowderoreithertypealone.Becauseliposome-encapsulatedvitaminCisconsiderablymorebioavailablethanallotheroralforms,especiallyasdosesizesincrease,thefollowingsubstitutionscheduleprovidesapproximatevalues:

•1,000mgliposomal=3,000–4,000mgpowder

•2,000mgliposomal=8,000–10,000mgpowder

•3,000mgliposomal=12,000–18,000mgpowder

Thetotaldailydosageshouldbeatleastasmuchasdeterminedbythelastboweltoleranceresult.Additionalamountsoftenprovideincreasedbenefit.

Non-liposomalformulationsofvitaminCabound.Withoutalengthydiscussionofeachtype,herearethemainconsiderations.Theseformsareallwater-soluble:

•AscorbicacidpowderistheleastexpensiveformofvitaminC—becauseitisanacid,itismorelikelytocausedigestivestress

•Sodiumascorbatepowderisinexpensiveandeasytouse—preferredoverallothernon-liposomalforms

•Ascorbylpalmitateisafat-solubleformofvitaminCwhichgivesadifferentabsorptioncharacteristic

•Bioflavonoidsaregoodantioxidantnutrients—althoughtheycanhelpvitaminCimprovetheantioxidantcapacityofthebody,theyarenotnecessaryforthis.A“naturalvitaminCcomplex”isreallyjustamarketingploythatneedlesslyincreasesthepriceofvitaminCsupplementation

•EsterC®ismainlycomposedofcalciumascorbate(whichIdonotrecommendforotherreasons)andmayslightlyimproveabsorption.TheothercomponentsofEsterC®makeitneedlesslyexpensive

•Mineralforms:chromiumascorbate,magnesiumascorbate,manganeseascorbate,molybdenumascorbate,potassiumascorbate,andzincascorbatepresentaproblembecausetheassociatedmineralsbringtoxicitiesoftheirowntothetablewhenusedinthehighdosagesthatyouwanttoreachwithyourvitaminCsupplementation.Avoidthemexceptinlowerdoses.

Pillsandcapsulesoftencontainnon-nutritivefillersandingredientsthatcanaddexpenseandadverselyaffectabsorption.Also,liquidandchewableformulationsmaycontainsugar—avoidthemifpossible.

InadditiontodirectsupplementationwithvitaminC,onecangreatlyimproveitseffectivenessbylimitingthenegativeimpactoftoxins(seeResourceF).Othernutrientsupplementationcanalsobeofsubstantialhelp(seeResourceG).

ConclusionSupplementationofvitaminCisessential.Itwillprotectpeoplefromdreaded

pathogens,provideaninexpensiveyeteffectivetreatmentformanydiseases,andneutralizetoxinsofeverykind.Itcanalsoprovideaneffectiveanswertosomeofthedifficultchallengesthatcurrentlythreatenournation.Goodhealthandeffectivemedicinedonothavetobankruptoursystem.Peopledon’thavetospendtheirlastdecadesinlineatthepharmacypickingupahandfulofexpensivemaintenanceprescriptions.Thenursinghomedoesn’thavetobethelaststopbeforethegrave.High-dosevitaminC,thePrimalPanacea,canchangetheseoutcomesforavastmajorityofpeople.Proveitforyourself—thenshareyourdiscoverywithothers.

SPECIALRESOURCES

FORTHOSEWHOWANTMORESUBSTANTIATION

RESOURCEA

HowvitaminCworksIfullyappreciatedvitaminC’sabilitytocuremostinfections,neutralizealltoxins,and

itseffectivenessagainstmanycancerslongbeforeIunderstoodhowitworked.Andwhensupplementedcorrectly,Iknewthatitwasprobablythebestwaytoforestallagingandpreventorslowmostchronicdegenerativediseases.

Tobesure,theclinicalresponsestovitaminCtherapyseemednothingshortofmiraculous,especiallytoatraditionally-trainedphysiciansuchasmyself.AlthoughIhavenoconflictwithusinganytherapythatclearlybenefitsapatientanddoesnoharm,IknewtherewasanunderlyingscientificmechanismtoexplainvitaminC’sdiverseabilities,andIhadadrivingcuriositytodiscoverit.

ItseemedlogicaltoconcludetheremustbeafinalcommonpathwaythatallowedvitaminCtoresolveorimpedetheimpactofanyinfectionoranytoxin.Thisreasoningthenposedthequestion:

•Whatdoalltoxinsandinfectionshaveincommon?

Theanswerisassimpleasitiselegant:

•Allinfectionsandalltoxinscausetheirdamagebyincreasingoxidativestress

Noexceptions!Thereisnotasingleinfection(viral,bacterial,orother),orasingletoxin,whichdoesnotgeneratesubstancesknownas“reactiveoxygenspecies(ROS).”

ManyROSarefreeradicals,whicharehighlyunstablemoleculescontainingoneormoreunpairedelectrons,causingthemtoalwaysseekadditionalelectrons.Theadditionofelectrons“quenches”thefreeradical,causingittobecomemuchmorestable.Biochemicalreactionsnearlyalwaysseektoincreasethechemicalstabilityofthereactingmolecules.

ROScanonlydoonething(andtheydoitwell),andthatistodamagebiologicalmoleculesbytheprocessofoxidation.Thesamebasicprocessthatrustsawaymetaloutsideofthebodybreaksdownbiomoleculesinsidethebody.Onceabiomoleculeisoxidized,itsabilitytodoitsjobiscompromisedoreliminatedcompletely,untilitischemicallyreduced(thereverseofoxidation)andtherebyrestoredtoitsnormalstructure.So,themoreoxidation(or“oxidativestress”)ispresentinthetissues,themoreabnormalthattissuewillbecomeovertime.

So,whatisoxidativestress?Let’sstartbyunderstandingsomebasicterms.

Oxidation:Theprocessofasubstancelosingelectrons

Reduction:Theprocessofasubstancegainingelectrons,orhavingthemrestored

Alltoxinsarepro-oxidants,meaningtheyoxidize(orcausetobeoxidizedbyROStheygenerate)biomolecules,takingawayenoughoftheirelectronstoimpairorcompletelypreventtheirnormalfunction.

Allantioxidantsreducepreviouslyoxidizedbiomolecules,restoringelectroncontenttothenormalstate,ortheypreventnormalbiomoleculesfrombecomingoxidizedinthefirstplace.Whenenoughoxidizedbiomoleculesarereducedbacktotheirnormalstate,thetissue(orcell)involvedcanonceagainresumeitsnormalfunctions.

Itisalsoimportanttounderstandthedifferencebetweenanoxidizedantioxidantandatoxin.Afterall,whenvitaminC,oranyotherantioxidant,hasdonateditselectrons,itislookingtotakeupelectronsagaintoresumeitsreduced,oractive,state.So,whatisthedifferencebetweenatoxinlookingtotakeupelectrons(oxidation)versusanoxidizedantioxidantlookingtotakeupelectrons(oxidation)inordertobecomeaprotectiveantioxidantagain?Severalfactorsareinvolved:

1.Atoxinstronglyholdsontoitselectronsonceithasoxidizedsomething.Inotherwords,onceatoxinhastakentheelectronsawayfromabiomolecule(oxidation),itwillneverredonatetheelectronstoanyothermoleculeseekingelectrons.Inotherwords,atoxinwillneverperformanantioxidantfunction,evenifithasenoughelectronstodoso.

2.Anantioxidant,suchasvitaminC,isaclassicredox(reduction-oxidation)molecule.ThismeansthatvitaminCisdesignedtotakeandgiveelectronsrepeatedly.Whenmagnifiedmillionsoftimes,thevitaminCmoleculesactuallypromoteelectronflowthroughthecellbytakingandgivingelectronsoverandoveragain.Atoxin,ontheotherhand,onlytakesandkeepstheelectronsitextractsfromthemoleculesitoxidizes.Bythismechanism,toxinsblockelectronflow.

3.Toxinsthathavesatisfiedtheirhungerforelectronsandare“relatively”inert,canexertadditional“toxic”effectsbyphysicallyinterferingwiththeabilityofnormalbiomoleculesandnormalcellularantioxidantstointeractwitheachother.Mostoftenthisinterferenceissimplyaresultofaccumulation.Ifthetoxinisnotmobilizedandexcreted,itwilleventuallyaccumulateandimpairnormalbiomoleculefunction.

VitaminCisanespeciallyusefulantioxidantsinceitssimplechemicalstructureallowsitaccesstonearlyallpartsofthebody,includinginsidethecellaswellasinsidethecell’ssubcellularcompartments.

Manytoxinsaredirectlypro-oxidant,meaningtheyoxidizebiomoleculeswithoutanyintermediatemechanisms.VitaminCandotherantioxidantscanneutralizesuchtoxinsbydirectlydonatingtheirelectrons,moleculeformolecule,tothosetoxins.Suchtoxinsarethen“quenched,”andnolongerhavethechemicalabilitytotakeelectronsawayfromothermolecules.

Othertoxinsareindirectlypro-oxidant,meaningtheychemicallyinteractwithcertainantioxidants,preventingthemfromdoingtheirjobandresultinginincreasedoxidativestress.Examplesincludeheavymetalssuchasmercuryandcadmiumbindingtosulfhydrylgroups,asarefoundinmanyenzymes,aminoacids,andantioxidantssuchasglutathioneandN-acetylcysteine.

Regardless,whetherdirectlyorindirectly,alltoxinscauseexcessoxidativestress,beyondwhatisproducedinthecourseofnormalmetabolism.Thiscanbecouchedin

somebasiclawsofphysiology:

•Electronsarethefueloflife.The“combustion”ofthisfuelissimplytheflow(exchange)ofelectronsbybiomolecules

•Allexcessoxidativestresscauseselectrondepletionandinhibitsoptimalelectronflow

•Alltoxiceffectsarecausedbyexcessoxidativestress

That’sit.Thereisnootherwayinwhichatoxincanbetoxicbeyondtheimpairmentofelectronsupplyandflowinthebiomoleculesoftheaffectedtissues.Andthisispreciselywhyproperly-dosedvitaminC,beforethepointofirreversibletissuedamage,willneutralizethetoxicityofanytoxinexposureorpoisoningencountered.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatchemicalstructureormoleculartypethetoxinis.Big,small,water-soluble,fat-soluble,ionic,neutral—itdoesn’tmatter.

Whilealltoxinshavethesamefinalcommondenominatorofincreasedoxidativestress,itisthemolecularstructureofthetoxinthatdeterminesitsotherknowncharacteristics.

1.Water-orfat-solubilitydetermineswherethetoxinwillaccumulate.

2.Molecularsizedeterminesaccessandeaseofpassageintodifferentcellsandtissuespaces.

3.Theuniquemolecularstructure,alongwithionicchargeorelectricalneutrality,alsodetermineswhereatoxincango.Thesecharacteristicslargelydeterminewhetherittendstoaccumulateorwhetheritismorereadilyexcretedand/orhasaccesstoendogenouschelators,suchasglutathionetransferases,orexogenouschelatorsthatareadministered.

4.MorepotenttoxinscanproducelargeramountsofoxidativestressbygeneratingROSorfreeradicalsthatinitiateoxidativechainreactions,ratherthanjustproducingincreasedROS,moleculeformolecule.

Therefore,anyclinicalpoisoningortoxinexposurecanberapidlyremediedbygettingenoughvitaminC(andotherantioxidantsaswell)intheareasoftoxinconcentrationasrapidlyaspossible.Whenthisisachieved,health,atleastintheshortterm,canalwaysberestored.

Toxinsthataredifficulttoreachand/orhavealreadycausedagreatdealofdamagewhenthevitaminCisfirstadministeredwillbethemostdifficulttotreateffectively.Also,whenatoxinhasanimmediateandprofoundimpactonbiochemicalpathwaysimmediatelycriticaltolife(aswithcyanidepoisoning,forexample),thepatientmaydiebeforeenoughvitaminCcanbeadministered.However,researchshowsthatevenwithsuchprofoundlytoxicsubstanceslikecyanide,lifecanprobablystillbepreservedifenoughvitaminCandotherantioxidantsarepresentwhenthetoxinisfirstencountered.

Inthelongterm,afterhealthhasbeenacutelyrestored,othermeasuresmayneedtobetakentooptimizehealth.Thiswouldincludeanyofanumberofchelatorsorothermeasuresknowntosupportandincreasetheexcretionoftoxins.Furthermore,measures

mayneedtobetakentolessenothernewand/orongoingtoxinexposures,sincealltoxinshaveacumulativeeffectindecreasingtheoverallantioxidantcapacityofthebody.

Now,WhatAboutInfections?Inordertocureinfections,anagentisneededtoneutralizeongoingoxidativestress,

repairoxidizedmolecules,andkillthepathogens,oratleastrenderthemmoresusceptibletoeradicationbyahealthyimmunesystem.VitaminCdoesallofthesethings.

TheeffectsofvitaminConoxidationarenotedabove.Itseffectsinbolsteringtheimmunesystemhavebeenwelldocumentedinthescientificliterature(seeResourceB),includingenhancedinterferonproduction,enhancednaturalkillercellactivity,andstimulationofbothT-lymphocyteandB-lymphocyteproduction.However,itiswhatmakesthepathogenproliferatethatespeciallytargetsitsdemise.

Nearlyallpathogensrequirelargeamountsofirontothriveandmultiply.Manyeffectiveantibioticsareactuallyironchelators,removingreadilyaccessibleironfromtheenvironmentofthepathogens,slowingorstoppinggrowth,andthenallowingtheimmunesystemtokickinandfinishthejob.

Becauseofthisabsoluteneedforironinordertothrive,infectiousagentscharacteristicallyhaverelativelyhighconcentrationsofironinsidethem.Furthermore,muchofthisironisinanunbound,orreactivestate.Thispresenceoflargeamountsofreactiveironeffectivelyplacesabull’s-eyeonthesemicrobes.VitaminChelpsloadthearrowsintothebow,aswillbedescribedbelow.

WhyWouldIronFacilitateNotOnlytheGrowthofPathogensButAlsoTheirDeath?Theansweristhatironistheultimatedouble-edgedsword.Itisabsolutelyrequiredfor

life,and,asitturnsout,itisoftenalsoanabsoluterequirementfordeath(ofcells).Justasironisnecessaryfornormalcellgrowth,itisalsoacriticalcomponentofprogrammedcelldeath.

Eventhehealthiestbodyororganismneedsmanycellstodieondemandduringthecourseofnormaloverallgrowthorjustforthemaintenanceofahealthystate.Otherwise,abodywouldhavenoprecisephysicalformorrecognizableshape.Avariationofthesamemechanismthatcausesphysiologicallyrequiredcelldeathcanalsocausethedeathofapathogen.Italldependsupontheinterrelationshipsamongafewimportantfactors.

Awell-documentedchemicalreactionoccurswheneverenoughreactiveironandhydrogenperoxidegettogetherinsidethecell(orthepathogen).ThisisknownastheFentonreaction.Thisreactioninvolvesthetransferofanelectronfromferrousion(Fe2+)tohydrogenperoxide,generatingafreeradicalknownasthehydroxylradical.

Thehydroxylradicalwillrapidlyandirreversiblyreactwith(oxidize)virtuallyanymoleculeinthebody.Thepresenceofthehydroxylradicalalsofacilitatesthereleaseofmorereactiveironinsidethecellwhichreactswithevenmorehydrogenperoxide—stimulatingaself-sustainingoxidativechainreaction.Thatiswhyitisthemosttoxic

substanceknowntoscience.Theabilityofhydrogenperoxidetokillbacteriahasbeenshowntobedirectlydependentontheamountofhydroxylradicalsthatareproduced.Carbohydrates,RNA,DNA,lipids,andaminoacidsarealloxidizedbythehydroxylradical.

Finally,thereexistsnospecificenzymeorenzymaticreactionthatcanneutralizethehydroxylradical,meaningthattheoxidativedamagesustainedbyvitalbiomoleculesistheonlywaytosatisfyitshungerforelectronsonceitisproduced.

AllofthismeansthatwhenevertheFentonreactionissufficientlyactivatedbythepresenceofenoughhydrogenperoxideandenoughferrousions,cell(orpathogen)deathwillinevitablyresult.AtleastwithregardstothisFentonreaction,thecelldestinedforprogrammedcelldeathandtherapidlydividingpathogenareverysimilar.

HowDoesVitaminCFitintoAllofThis?TheroleofvitaminCinstimulatingtheFentonreaction,alsoverywelldocumented,

occursbecausetheavailableunbound,orfree,ironnormallypresentinsidethecellorpathogenisferricion(Fe3+).

Ferriciondoesnothaveanelectrontodonatetohydrogenperoxide,andnogenerationofhydroxylradicaloccurswhenonlyitandhydrogenperoxidearepresent.However,whenvitaminCgetstogetherwithferricions,itreadilyconverts(reduces)theFe3+toFe2+bythedonationofanelectron.Theelectronisthenpassedalongtothehydrogenperoxide—producingthesuper-oxidizinghydroxylradical.Note:itisstillanantioxidantrole(electrondonation)byvitaminCthatultimatelyresultsinaverypro-oxidanteffect.ItisjustamatteroflocationandconcentrationofthevitaminC,alongwiththepresenceofenoughferricionsandhydrogenperoxide.

ItshouldalsobementionedthattheabilityofvitaminCtostimulatetheFentonreactionisthesingularreasonwhytherearesomanystudiesintheliteratureclaimingthatvitaminC,incertainexperimentalsituations,can“damage”biomolecules,causegeneticdamage,orevenpromotethegrowthofcancer.

TinydosesofvitaminC,inthepresenceofenoughferricionandhydrogenperoxide,willalwaysresultintheproductionofthehydroxylradicalandresultinagreatdealofoxidativestress.However,largedosesofvitaminC,thankstothemasterfuldesignofMotherNature,willalwaysresultinanetantioxidant,neverpro-oxidant,effectinthetissues.EvenwhenasmallpartofthevitaminC(milligrams)mightbestimulatingtheFentonreaction,therestofthevitaminC(grams)“mopsup”theoxidativestressgeneratedveryreadily.

Eventhoughexcessoxidativestressisalwaysundesirableandhighlytoxic,lesseramountsofitareabsolutelynecessaryforthephysiologyofthecelltofunctionnormally.Non-lethalamountsofintracelluaroxidativestressoftenperformsignalingfunctions:turningdifferentenzymesandbiochemicalpathwaysonoroff,aswellasthereadingofgenesandtheproductionofthemoleculesforwhichtheyarecoded.AswithmuchelseinNature,thingsarerarelyjustonoroff,blackorwhite.Shadesofgraymakebiologywhatitis.

BecausetheroleofvitaminCintheFentonreactionisjustthedonationofanelectrontoaferricion,itshouldcomeasnosurprisethatanythingelsethatiscapableofdonatinganelectrontoaferricioninthepresenceofhydrogenperoxidewillstimulatethisreactionaswell.

AnotherROSknownassuperoxide,whichcontainsanextraelectron,canalsoconvertferrictoferrousionsbythedonationofthiselectronandstimulatetheFentonreaction.Thisdonationofanelectrontoferricionbysuperoxide,allowingtheFentonreactiontoproceed,isknownastheHaber-Weissreaction.

Understandingthechemistrydescribedabovefacilitatestheunderstandingofhowanumberofantioxidantenzymesexerttheirinfluencesinthecell.Threeofthemostimportantantioxidantenzymesinthebodyaresuperoxidedismutase(SOD),catalase,andglutathioneperoxidase.

SODconvertssuperoxidetooxygenandhydrogenperoxide.ThismeansthatwhenenoughSODispresent,theFentonreactionwillnotbeabletoproceeddirectlybyelectrondonationfromsuperoxide,whichhelpstostabilizethecell.

Inaddition,thebloodandnearlyallcellscontainanimportantantioxidantenzymeknownascatalase.Theroleofcatalaseistometabolize,orconvert,hydrogenperoxidetowaterandoxygen.Catalaseisexceptionallyefficientinthistask,withonemoleculeofenzymecapableofconvertingmillionsofhydrogenperoxidemoleculesperminuteintherightmedium.

Glutathioneperoxidasefunctionsbyconvertinghydrogenperoxidetowaterwhenitisinthepresenceofreducedglutathione.Reducedglutathione,byvirtueofitsmultiplefunctionsandveryhighintracellularconcentration,isthemostimportantantioxidantinsidethecell.

Itcanbeseen,then,thatmaintainingnormallevelsofthesethreeantioxidantenzymesplaysaprominentroleinsuppressingtheFentonreactioninsidethecellandkeepingoxidativestressatminimallevels.

SODhelpsbymetabolizingsuperoxideandpreventingitfromdirectlyfeedingelectronsintotheFentonreaction.Bothcatalaseandglutathioneperoxidaseworktokeephydrogenperoxidelevelslow,probablythemostimportantfactorinminimizingtheproductionofFenton-producedoxidativestress.Anabundanceofboththesuperoxidefreeradicalandreactiveiron,eveninthepresenceofvitaminC,willproduceverylittleoxidativestressifthereareonlytraceamountsofhydrogenperoxidepresent.

Torecap,nearlyallpathogenscontainlargeamountsofironandasignificantamountofthisironisintheunbound,reactivestate.WhenvitaminCisadministeredtoindividualswithinfections,thevitaminCentersthepathogens,convertstheferriciontoaferrousion,andtheferrousionproceedstobreakdownthehydrogenperoxidepresentinthecell.Then,theresultinghydroxylradicalsliterallyoxidizethepathogentodeath.

WhatAboutCancer?Cancercells,likepathogens,arealsoespeciallysusceptibletothegenerationof

hydroxylradicalsandoxidativestresstothepointofcelldeathviathevitaminC-stimulatedFentonreaction.ThereasonsfortheremarkablesusceptibilityofcancertovitaminCtherapyincludethefollowing:

1.Likepathogens,proliferatingcancercellsrequireincreasedamountsofironinordertomultiply,andtheygenerallyhaveincreasedintracellularconcentrationsofiron.

2.Unlikenormalcells,wheremostoftheironisstoredinabound,unreactivestate,asubstantialamountoftheironinsidecancercellsisavailableinthecytoplasminanunbound,reactivestate.

3.Cancercellsoftenhavelowtoundetectablelevelsofcatalase,allowinghydrogenperoxidelevelsinthecytoplasmtoincrease.

4.Cancercellsoftenhavedepressedlevelsofotherantioxidantenzymes,includingsuperoxidedismutaseandglutathioneperoxidase,causingthecellstoalreadyhaveincreasedlevelsofinternaloxidativestressrelativetonormalcells,andmakingthemmoresusceptibletoinducedcelldeathbyfurtherincreasingthoselevels.

5.TheextracellularmatrixsurroundingcancercellsishighlydependentonvitaminCtomaintainitsintegrity.

6.Whilethecancercellsarebeingattacked,theimmunesystemisbeingsimultaneouslystimulatedandstrengthenedbythevitaminC.

7.Similarly,whilecancercellsarebeingattacked,normalcells(withoutthehighinternallevelsofreactiveironandhydrogenperoxide)arebeingstrengthenedbyaccumulatingvitaminC,bolsteringtheirantioxidantdefenses.

Thetypicalcancercell,then,hasahighconcentrationofreactiveironinitscytoplasm.ItalsohasanelevatedlevelofoxidativestressevenbeforevitaminCtherapyisinitiated.Mostcancercells,duetodepressedlevelsofcatalase,haveincreasedlevelsofhydrogenperoxideinthecytoplasm.Overall,then,thetypicalcancercellhasalloftheelementsoftheFentonreactioninsignificantamounts,waitingtobetriggeredbythevitaminC-mediatedreductionofferrictoferrousion.Subsequently,thecancercell-killinghydroxylradicalisproducedbythebreakdownofhydrogenperoxide.

Allofthesecharacteristicsarenotsharedbynormalcells,whicharebeingstrengthenedbytheinfluxofvitaminCatthesametimethecancercellsarebeingkilled.Furthermore,thevitaminChasmanydifferentmechanismsofstimulatingtheimmunesystemwhilethecancercellsareattackedandthenormalcellsimprovetheirantioxidantcapacity.

AseparatebutimportantwayinwhichvitaminCimpactsthetreatmentofcancerrelatestothenatureoftheextracellularmatrix,whichisthesubstancethatcontainsandsurroundscellsinconnectivetissue.

Undernormalcircumstances,thismatrixhasathick,gel-likequality.Oneimportantfactorintheconversionofanormalcelltoamalignantonerelatestotheconversionofthegel-likenatureofthismatrixtoalooseandwaterynature.

Thischangeinthephysicalconsistencyofthisextracellularmatrixreliablyoccurswhen

vitaminClevelsinthisareaofthetissuesbecomesignificantlydepleted.Thecollagenandconnectivetissueproteinsarenormallyveryelongatedandsubstantiallyinterconnectedinthehealthystate,whenvitaminClevelsarenormal.WhenvitaminCisdepleted,theelongatedmoleculesbreakdownintosmallsegments,andmanyoftheinterconnectionsarelost.Thesechangescausethegel-likenatureofthematrixtodeterioratetoawaterystate.

Whenanormalcelllosesthephysicalrestraintorresistanceofferedbythenormallygel-likenatureofthematrix,thecelloftenbeginsmultiplying,andcaneventuallybecomemalignant.WhenvitaminCisadministeredandnormallevelsarerestored,thereisafairlyrapidreturntothegel-likestateofthismatrix,withanormaldegreeofphysicalsupportagainbeingaffordedthecells.

ThisrestorationofanormalextracellularmatrixbyvitaminCisimportantinrevertingmalignantcellstotheirnormalstate,asidefromthevitaminC-mediatedkillingofcancercellsbythemechanismsdiscussedabove.

Asapracticalpoint,thelackoftoxicityfromvitaminCcombinedwithitssupportoftheimmunesystemalongwiththebolsteringoftheantioxidantcapacityofnormalcellsshouldbereasonenoughtoincludesizabledosesofvitaminCaspartofanycancertreatmentprotocol.EvenifatraditionaloncologistsimplywillnotaccepttheabilityofvitaminCtokillcancercells,itsbenefitsarestillmany.

Todaythereisincreasing“concern”thatvitaminCinterferesinthetreatmentofcancerpatientsreceivingtraditionalchemotherapyandisactuallycontraindicated!Totheextentthatnearlyallstandardchemotherapydrugsarehighlytoxic,itisabsolutelycorrectthatvitaminCwillneutralizethemasitwouldanyothertoxinorpoison,ifallarepresentinthesameplaceatthesametime.However,itisincrediblyeasytocompletelyavoidthispotentialproblembystaggeringtheadministrationsofthechemotherapyandthevitaminC.Givethechemotherapy(ifitmustbedone)andthenfollowitwiththevitaminCafewhourslater.Thechemotherapywillbetakenupbythecancercellsanddoitsdamage,whilethevitaminCadministeredlaterhelpstorepairtheunintentionallydamagednormalcells,whichalwaysoccursaswell.Furthermore,thevitaminCthatendsupgoingtothecancercellswillreliablyaugmentthedesiredeffectsofthechemotherapybytriggeringtheFentonreactionandhelpingtocausecancercelldeath.

Torecap,then,vitaminCbyitselfcanserveastheperfect“chemotherapy”forverymanycasesofcancer.However,regardlessofthetherapeuticapproachtakentowardagivenpatient,vitaminCcanalwaysbeexpectedtoimprovethelong-termoutcome.Aswell,thepatientwillalsosufferfromfarlessofthesideeffectsnormallyexperiencedwithtraditionalchemotherapyifvitaminCisincludedinthetreatmentprotocol.

RESOURCEB

20waysvitaminCbooststheimmunesystemInbothChapterSixandResourceAthepowerofvitaminCresultingfromitsincredible

abilitytodonateelectronsasanantioxidantisdiscussed.Infact,itisthisveryattributeofvitaminCthataccountsformostofitspotentantimicrobialandtoxin-neutralizingqualities.

However,nootherantioxidantcanperformthemanyadditionalphysiologicalandbiologicalrolesthatvitaminCfills.TodismissvitaminCas“nothingmore”thananantioxidantgreatlyunderstatesandmisrepresentstherangeofvitaminC’spositiveeffectsonthebody.VitaminCisastrongstimulatorandsupporterofgoodimmunefunction.SomeofthewaysthatvitaminCpromotesandbooststheimmunesystemincludethefollowing:

1)VitaminCenhancesproductionofinterferons.233,234,235,236,237,238Interferonsareanimportantpartofthebody’simmunesystem.Thebodyproducesthemwhenthepresenceofpathogens—viruses,bacteria,orparasites—isdetected.Theyfacilitatetheabilityofcellstotriggerprotectivecellulardefensesagainstthedetectedattack.

2)VitaminCenhancesthefunctionofphagocytes.239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256Phagocytesareatypeofwhitebloodcellthatenveloppathogensandinfection-relatedparticles.Oncetheinvadersarecapturedinthismanner,theyareenzymaticallydigested.

3)VitaminCselectivelyconcentratesinwhitebloodcells.257,258,259,260,261SomeoftheprimarycellsintheimmunesystemconcentratevitaminCasmuchas80timeshigherthanthelevelinplasma.ThisassuresextradeliveryofvitaminCtothesitesofinfectionbythemigrationofthesevitaminC-richwhitebloodcells.

4)VitaminCenhancesthecell-mediatedimmuneresponse.262Thereare2majorwaysthatthebodycanrespondtoapathogen:antibody-mediatedimmunityandcell-mediatedimmunity.Cell-mediatedresponsereferstotheactivationofmacrophages,naturalkillercells,andantigen-specificT-lymphocytesthatattackanythingperceivedasaforeigninfectiousagent.

5)VitaminCenhancescytokineproductionbywhitebloodcells.263Cytokinesarecommunicationproteinsreleasedbycertainwhitebloodcellsthattransmitinformationtoothercells,promotingtheimmuneresponse.

6)VitaminCinhibitsvariousformsofT-lymphocytedeath.264T-lymphocytesareatypeofwhitebloodcell.Theyareanintegralpartofthecell-mediatedimmunedefensesystem.VitaminChelpstokeeptheseimportantcellsaliveandviable.

7)VitaminCenhancesnitricoxideproductionbyphagocytes.265,266Phagocytes,asdiscussedin#2above,arewhitebloodcellsthatengulfinvadingmicroorganisms.Nitricoxideisproducedinlargeamountsinthesecells.Itisoneoftheagentsthatwillkillcapturedpathogens.

8)VitaminCenhancesT-lymphocyteproliferation.267,268,269Asmentionedin#6above,thesecellsareessentialtocell-mediatedimmuneresponses,andvitaminChelpsthemtomultiplyinnumber.

9)VitaminCenhancesB-lymphocyteproliferation.270Thesewhitebloodcellsmakeantibodiesaspartoftheantibody-mediatedimmuneresponse.Antibodiesareformedinreactiontotheinitialintroductionofaninvadingpathogenorantigen.Ifandwhenthebodydetectsareintroductionofthesamepathogenthebodycounterswithaspecificantibodyattack.

10)VitaminCinhibitsneuraminidaseproduction.271Somepathogenicvirusesandbacteriacreateneuraminidase,anenzymethatkeepsthemfrombeingtrappedinmucus,oneofthebody’snaturallinesofdefense.Byinhibitingneuraminidase,vitaminChelpsthebodyoptimizethisdefensivemechanism.

11)VitaminCenhancesantibodyproductionandcomplementstheiractivity.272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282Goodantibodyfunctionisimportanttocombatbothinfectionsandtoxins.Thecomplementsystemisacomplexgroupofproteinsthatinteracttokilltargetedcellsandmediateotherfunctionsoftheimmunesystem.

12)VitaminCenhancesnaturalkillercellactivity.283Naturalkillercellsaresmalllymphocytesthatcandirectlyattackcells,suchastumorcells,andkillthem.

13)VitaminCenhancesprostaglandinformation.284,285,286Prostaglandinsarehormone-likecompoundsthatcontrolavarietyofphysiologicprocesses,includingtheregulationofT-lymphocytefunction.

14)VitaminCenhancescyclicGMPlevelsinlymphocytes.287,288CyclicGMPplaysacentralroleintheregulationofdifferentphysiologicresponses,includingthemodulationofimmuneresponses.CyclicGMPisimportantfornormalcellproliferation(reproduction)anddifferentiation(specializationforspecificpurposes).CyclicGMPalsocontrolstheactionofmanyhormones,anditappearstomediatetherelaxationofsmoothmuscle.

15)VitaminCenhanceslocalizedgenerationofand/orinteractionwithhydrogenperoxide.289,290,291,292VitaminCandhydrogenperoxidecankillmicroorganismsandcandissolvetheprotectivecapsulesofsomebacteria,suchaspneumococci.293

16)VitaminCdetoxifieshistamine.294,295ThisantihistamineeffectofvitaminCisimportantinthesupportoflocalimmunefactors.

17)VitaminCneutralizesoxidativestress.296Infectionsproducefreeradicalslocallythatfurtherpromotetheinfectiveprocess.

18)VitaminCimprovesandenhancestheimmuneresponseachievedwithvaccination.297,298,299

19)VitaminCenhancesthemucolyticeffect.300Thispropertyhelpsliquefythicksecretions,increasingimmuneaccesstoinfection.

20)VitaminCmaymakebacterialmembranesmorepermeabletosomeantibiotics.301

RESOURCEC

TheimportantmetabolicrolesofvitaminCItiswronglyassumedbymanythatvitaminCisatracenutrient(vitamin)andonly

requiredintinyamountssufficienttopreventscurvy.ItistruethatthisC-deficiencydiseasespawnedthechemicalname[ascorbate]forvitaminC.Ascorbateliterallymeans“againstscurvy.”And,werethisitsonlyfunction,thegovernment’s90mgRDAforvitaminCwouldbesufficientformostpeopleontheplanet.But,there’svastlymoreitcando.

Asidefromitsabilitytopreventandcurescurvy,itsabilitytopreventandcureagreatnumberofinfectiousdiseases,anditspowertoneutralizenearlyeverytoxinknowntoman(seeResourceH),vitaminCisalsoarequiredcomponentofmanyessentialmetabolicprocesses.Afewofthemorestudiedphysiologicalfunctionsarediscussedbelow.

CollagenSynthesisVitaminCisessentialforthesynthesisandmaintenanceofcollagen,themostabundant

proteininthehumanbody.Collagencomprisesabout25%to35%ofthetotalproteincontentinthebody.Itsstrong,connective,elongatedfibrilsarefoundinskin,ligaments,tendons,cartilage,bone,bloodvessels,theintestines,andthediscsbetweenspinalvertebrae.Itisalsofoundinthecorneaandinmuscletissue.Atleast19moleculeshavebeenclassifiedastypesofcollagen,butthemostcommon,Type1,accountsforabout90%ofthebody’stotalcollagencontent.ImportantfactsrelatingvitaminCtocollagenincludethefollowing:

•VitaminCdeficiencyisanunderdiagnosedcontributortodegenerativediscdiseaseintheelderly302

•VitaminChelpsprotecttheskinbypromotingfibroblastproliferation,migration,andreplication-associatedskininjuryrepair303

•FormulacontainingvitaminCprotectsagainstskinwrinklesseeninprematureaging304

•IncreasedvitaminCuptakebyvascularsmoothmusclecellsincreasesboththesynthesisandmaturationofTypeIcollagen305

•VitaminCinducesanincreaseinTypeIcollagendepositsbynormalhumanfibroblastsinadose-dependentmanner—anadequatesupplycontributestotheoptimaldensityofcollagenintheskin306

•HighconcentrationsofvitaminCstimulatesynthesisofTypeIVcollagen,whichhasimportantfiltrationcharacteristicsinthekidney,theblood-brainbarrier,andthearteriallining307

BasementMembraneSynthesis

Basementmembraneisathin,stickylayerthatsupportsepithelialcelllayers—tissuesthatlinethesurfacesandcavitiesthroughoutthebody(e.g.theliningofthestomachandtheliningofbloodvessels).ItbindstheglomerularcapillariesinthekidneystotheBowman’scapsulewhichisnecessaryforbloodfiltration.Italsoattachesthepulmonarycapillariesinthelungstothelungalveoli.Inaddition,basementmembranefunctionsasarestrictivebarriertopreventcancercellsfrompassingdeeperintotissues.VitaminCisrelatedtothebasementmembraneinthefollowingways:

•VitaminCmaintainsthegel-likestateofthebasementmembrane,helpingtosuppresstumorinvasionthroughthebasementmembrane308

•VitaminCdeficiencyreducestheexpressionofbasementmembranecomponents(TypeIVcollagen,laminin,elastin)inbloodvessels309

•VitaminCacceleratesthedepositionofotherimportantbasementmembraneproteinsinthejunctionbetweenthedermisandepidermis310

FacilitatesWoundHealingAsskinwoundsheal,dermalandepidermalcellsmustreplicatetoclosethewound.

ThisprocessconsumesagreatamountofvitaminC.VitaminCisimportantinthefollowingways:

•VitaminCtreatmentresultsinbetterorganizationofbasalkeratinocytes,anincreaseinfibroblastnumberandafasterformationofthedermal-epidermaljunction310

•VitaminCregulateskeratinocyteviability,epidermalbarrier,andbasementmembraneinvitro,anditreduceswoundcontractionaftergraftingofculturedskinsubstitutes311

•FormulationswithvitaminCsignificantlyreducebedsores(pressureulcers)oflong-termnursinghomeresidents312

CarnitineSynthesisCarnitineisanaminoacidthatisessentialforthetransportoffattyacidsinto

mitochondriafortheproductionofATPviathecitricacidcycle(Krebscycle).Thisprocessprovidesthemajorsourceofcellularenergy.VitaminCisanessentialcofactorforthesynthesisofcarnitine,andhigh-dosevitaminChelpsoptimizethissynthesis.313,314

NeurotransmitterSynthesisNeurotransmittersarebiomoleculesthatfacilitatetheelectricalflowbetweenneurons

andnervecellsinthebodyandinthebrain.Thebody’sabilitytorespondtotheenvironmentaswellasthebrain’sabilitytothinkandtorememberisdependentontheseessentialsubstances.VitaminCisalsodirectlyinvolvedinthesynthesisofneurotransmitters.315

PromotesCalciumIncorporationintoBoneTissueTheformationandmaintenanceofquality,high-densitybonematerialrequires

vitaminC.VitaminCpromotesassimilationofcalciumintothebone,protectsagainst

leachingofcalciumoutofthebones(resorption),andfightstheoxidativestressthatworksagainstassimilationandforresorption.316,317AdditionalrelationshipsbetweenvitaminCandbonemetabolismincludethefollowing:

•VitaminCstimulatestheformationofthecellsthatincorporatecalciumintobonetissue(osteoblasts)318,319

•VitaminCinhibitsthedevelopmentofcellsthatdissolvecalciumoutofbonetissues(osteoclasts)318,319

•Asapowerfulantioxidant,vitaminCfightsoxidativestressinbonetissues320

•Collagencross-linking,requiredtoformthedensematrixforoptimalbonestrength,requiresvitaminC321,322

•DeficiencyofvitaminCcanresultinbonefragility323

•VitaminCsupplementationhelpstopreventboneloss324,325,326,327,328,329

•SupplementationwithvitaminCprovidesadose-dependentprotectionagainstbonefracturesintheelderly—thehigherthedose,thefewerthefractures330

•ElderlypatientssustaininghipfracturestypicallyhavelowvitaminCbloodlevels331

NaturalAntihistamineHistaminesarebiomoleculesthattriggerallergicresponsesinthebody.Althoughsome

ofthatresponseisnecessaryandhelpfulasamediatorofinflammationagainstantigens,inmanyindividualstheresponsecanbeprotracted.Thisresultsinamorechronicinflammatoryresponsethatcanproduceunwantedsymptoms(likeitchyeyesandastuffynose),aswellaspromotesignificantchronicdiseasessuchasatherosclerosis.VitaminCnotonlyhelpseliminateorneutralizetheoffendingallergensandtoxins,italsoneutralizesthetoxiceffectsofthehistamineitself—functioningasanaturalantihistamine.332,333,334,335

PlaysManyRolesinImmuneSystemFunctionandMaintenanceThesefunctionsofvitaminCaresoimportantthataseparatelistinghasbeenprovided.

Hereisalist.RefertoResourceBforabroadexplanation.

VitaminCenhances:

•Productionofinterferons

•Functionofphagocytes

•Cytokineproductionbywhitebloodcells

•Cell-mediatedimmuneresponse

•Nitricoxideproductionbyphagocytes

•T-lymphocyteproliferation

•B-lymphocyteproliferation

•Antibodyproductionandcomplementactivity

•Naturalkillercellactivity

•Prostaglandinformation

•CyclicGMPlevelsinlymphocytes

•Localizedgenerationof,and/orinteractionwith,hydrogenperoxide

•Mucolyticeffect

•Nonspecificvaccinationeffect

VitaminCinhibits:

•VariousformsofT-lymphocytedeath

•Neuraminidaseproduction

VitaminCalso:

•Selectivelyconcentratesinwhitebloodcells

•Detoxifieshistamine

•Neutralizesoxidativestress

•Maymakebacterialmembranesmorepermeabletosomeantibiotics

RESOURCED

VitaminCanditsrelationshiptoheartdiseaseriskfactors

ThisresourceprovidesastartingplaceforthoseinterestedinstudyingtherelationshipbetweenhearthealthandvitaminC.Bynomeansisitexhaustiveinscope.Ahandfulofthemajorcoronaryheartdiseaseriskfactorshavebeenselectedsimplytoprovideanexemplaryexposuretothevastsubstantiationavailable.Amuchmorecompletetreatmentofthistopicisavailableinmybook,StopAmerica’s#1Killer!(availabledirectlyfromthepublisheratwww.MedFoxPub.com.orAmazon.com).Itdiscussesnearly30riskfactorsandofferspracticalsuggestionsforthetreatmentandpreventionofarterialblockages.

InthisResource,ashortdiscussionandalistofpublishedstudiesshowingtherolethatvitaminCplaysineachofsevenmajorriskfactorsisprovided.Thesefactorsare:Highbloodpressure,cholesterolandtriglyceridelevels,arterialinflammation,lipoprotein(a)levels,diabetes,smoking,andfibrinogenlevels.

HighBloodPressureHighbloodpressuredoesnotactaloneincontributingtoarterialnarrowingsand

blockages.StudiesshowthathighbloodpressurerequiresanaccompanyinglackofarterialvitaminCtoinitiatethesedamagingaffects.SufficientvitaminCmustbetakenonaregularbasistokeepthecollagencontentinallthreelayersofthebloodvesselatalevelthatwillmaintainarterialintegrity.336,337,338Itistheprogressivelackofwallintegritythatpromptsthebody’scompensatoryresponseofstabilizingthearterialstructurebybulkingupwithatheroscleroticplaques.Manystudieshelptodemonstratetheseconclusions.Hereareafew:

•Combinedantioxidantsupplementation,includingvitaminC,reducesbloodpressure339

•VitaminCiseffectiveasamonotherapyinloweringthebloodpressureofhypertensivepatients340

•HigherbloodlevelsofvitaminCrelatetolowerbloodpressureinhumans341,342,343,344

•HealedwoundsinC-deficientanimalshave“greatlyinferiortensilestrength”comparedtothosewithadequatevitaminC345

•NormallyformedcollagenbreaksdownuponwithdrawalofvitaminC346

•VitaminCisessentialfornormaltissuehealingandmaintenanceofpreviouslyformedscartissue347

•ScartissueismoresensitivethannormalconnectivetissuetovitaminCdeficiency348

•VitaminCdeficiencyplaysanintegralroleintheactualcausationandsustainingofhighbloodpressure349,350,351

CholesterolandTriglycerideLevelsOneofcholesterol’smanyfunctionsinthebodyistoneutralizeorinactivatetoxins.As

aresult,cholesterollevelsareroutinelyelevatedinconditionsofincreasedtoxinexposure.352,353Unfortunately,thisimportantcompensatorymechanism,leftunchecked,cancauseitsownsignificantharmbyacceleratingatherosclerosisasitinfiltratesarterialwalls.

Atriglyceride,likecholesterol,isanotherlipid(fatorfat-likesubstance)thathasbeenlinkedtoheartdisease.Anelevatedleveloftriglyceridesinthebloodisanindependentriskfactortiedtoagreaterchanceofdeathbyheartattack.354

VitaminCgreatlylimitsandcanevenpreventthenegativeimpactofcholesterolandtriglyceridesonthedevelopmentofatherosclerosis.Manystudiesareconsistentwiththisfinding.Hereareafew:

•Cholesterolneutralizesalargenumberofdifferentbacterialtoxinscapableofcausingdirectcellulardamage355,356

•Elevatedserumcholesterolsareseenasamarkerof,ifnotadirectresponseto,avarietyoftoxicexposures357

•Cellmembrane-boundcholesterolinthearterialwallsbindsbacterialtoxins,becomingafocusofreactiveimmuneactivity,andpromotingatheroscleroticdamage358

•Increasedtoxicpesticideexposurescorrelatewithincreasedcholesterollevels359

•Strikingelevationofcholesterolisseeninanimalsexposedtolead360

•Aflatoxinexposureincreasescholesterollevelsinrabbits—vitaminCadministrationsignificantlylowersthoselevelsandalleviatestheharmfuleffectsofexposure361

•VitaminCdeficiencyresultsinthedevelopmentofatherosclerosis—underthisdeficiency,cholesterolandtriglyceridesaccumulateinplaques,evenwithoutaddingcholesteroltothediet362,363

•InjectedvitaminCdemonstratesaprotectiveeffectagainstthedevelopmentofatherosclerosisinguineapigsfedincreasedamountsofcholesterol363

•VitaminCadministrationreducestheincidenceandseverityofatherosclerosisinrabbitsfedadiethighincholesterolandhydrogenatedfat364

•Someformofinjurytoabloodvesselisneededtoinitiatecholesteroldepositioninthevessel—thisinjuryisaccompaniedbyalocalizeddeficiencyofvitaminC365,366

•PresenceofvitaminClimitscholesterolpenetrationintothebloodvesselandincreasesreleaseofcholesterolalreadyinthevessel367

•VitaminCsupplementationlessensintimalthickeningandlipidinfiltrationinrabbitsfedacholesterol-richdiet368

•HighdosesofcholesterolexerttoxiceffectsandrapidlymetabolizevitaminC,justlikeanyothertoxinortoxiceffect369,370,371

•VitaminCdeficiencyleadstoincreasedbloodlevelsofcholesterol372,373,374

•HighlevelsofvitaminClowerthecholesterolconcentrationinboththeserumandtheliverofguineapigs375

•VitaminCpreventsthecholesterollevelinthebloodfromincreasingaftercholesterolfeedinginlabanimals376,377

•LowlevelsofvitaminCreducetherateofmetabolictransformationofcholesterolintobileacidsleadingtoincreasedlevelsofcholesterol378,379

•DailyvitaminCsupplementationdecreasescholesterollevelsinhumans380,381

•VitaminClowersthelevelsofcholesterolandtriglyceridesinrabbitsandratswithhighcholesterollevelsandenhancestheactivityofLPL(lipoproteinlipase),theenzymethathelpsclearfatsfromtheblood382

•Dailysupplementationwith2to3gramsofvitaminCin50of60patientswithincreasedcholesterollevelsand/orheartdiseaseincreasedtheaverageLPLactivityby100%anddecreasedtheaveragetriglyceridelevelby50%to70%382

•Two-gramdailydosesofvitaminCdecreasedboththetriglycerideandcholesterollevels,383whiledosesof500mgwerefoundineffective384

•AsvitaminCbloodlevelsincrease,triglyceridelevelsdropandHDLcholesterolincreases385,386,387

Polyunsaturatedlecithin,orpolyunsaturatedphosphatidylcholine(PPC),isatermreferringtoasubstancethatdirectlyimpactsthecholesterolmetabolisminthearterialwall.

Thepositiveanti-atheroscleroticinteractionsbetweenvitaminCtherapyandlecithintherapyaresignificant.VitaminCisknowntohelpmaintainthenormalphysicalcharacteristicsofthegroundsubstanceandbasementmembraneareas,makingthemsubstantiallylessreceptivetothedepositionofcholesterolfromtheblood.ThefollowingeffectsoflecithinandPPC,alongwiththemanypositiveeffectsofvitaminC,providefurtherreasontosupplementwithaliposome-encapsulatedproductwhenpossible—especiallyforthosewhoneedheart-protectivehelp.

•Administrationofasoybean-derivedPPCwasabletoprotectcholesterol-fedrabbitsfromthedevelopmentofatherosclerosis388

•Asoylecithin-richdietinmonkeysandhamstersreducedtotalplasmacholesterolwithoutreducingtheHDL-bound,or“good”cholesterol;theearlystagesofatherosclerosisweresignificantlyreducedinthehamstersaswell389

•Soylecithinlowerscholesterolinrabbitsandrats;humanendothelialcellsincubatedwithsoylecithinsignificantlyexpelinternalcholesterol390

•Soylecithin-richdietsstimulatetheliveruptakeofHDL-cholesterolinrats391

•Soylecithin-richdietssignificantlyincreasetheamountsofcholesterolexcretedintothebileviatheliverinrabbits392

•VitaminCandlecithinsynergisticallypreventarteriallesionsincholesterol-fedrabbits—givenaloneeachishelpfulbuttogethertheyprovidemorethanjustthesumoftheirindividualeffects393

ArterialInflammationInflammation,bymultiplemechanisms,isasignificantriskfactorforatherosclerotic

heartdisease.Onemechanisminvolvesitstendencytoinducevasoconstrictioninbloodvessels.Thisresultsinasignificantnarrowingofthecaliberofthosevessels.Researchshowsthatthisinflammation-inducedvasoconstrictioncanbecorrectedbyinjectingvitaminCdirectlyintotheartery.394

AvitaminCdeficiency,ontheotherhand,stimulatestheinflammationprocesswiththebody’sneedformorevitaminCindepletedareas.ThiscompensatoryresponsecansucceedinbringingvitaminCintoaninflamedarea.However,inacontinuingstateofvitaminCdeficiency,itbringsotherfactorsintoplaythatalsostimulatedevelopmentofatheroscleroticplaques.Inaddition,vitaminCdeficiencydefinitelyleavesthedooropenforotherinducersofinflammation,suchasbacterialandviralinfections,aswellasthetoxinsandautoimmunereactionstheyoftenproduce.

HerearesomestudiesthatdemonstratetheseaspectsofvitaminC:

•HumanarteriesarecommonlydepletedofvitaminC,eveninindividualswhoare“apparentlywell-nourished”—localizeddepletionsofvitaminCoftenexistinthesegmentsofarteriessubjectedtogreatermechanicalstress395

•Inflammationisthoughttobeamajorplayerinthedevelopment,progression,andeventualdestabilizationofatheroscleroticlesions,ultimatelyleadingtothecompleteobstructionofanartery396,397,398

•Plaquespronetocomplications—suchassuddencompleteobstruction—containlargenumbersofinflammatorycells,whilestableplaquesthathavealessercomplicationratehavelessevidenceofinflammation399,400,401

•LowvitaminClevelsaremostlikelyrelatedbothtothepresenceofinflammationandtheseverityofthevasculardisease402

•Chronicinflammationinatherosclerosis,withanincreasedriskofheartattackfromthetotalblockageofaheartartery,isrelatedtochronicperiodontal(gumandadjacentbone)disease403,404,405

•TheDNAspecificformultipleperiodontalmicrobes/pathogensisdetectedinatheroscleroticplaques406

•Periodontaldiseaseisassociatedwiththedevelopmentofcarotidarteryatherosclerosis407

•LocalizedvitaminCdeficiencyinareasofdevelopingatherosclerosissignificantlyenhancestheabilityformicrobestocontinuetoinfectorcolonizethere408

•Infectionisimplicatedasaprimaryreasonforchronicinflammationofthearterial

wall409

•Variousinfections,includingstreptococcal,tendtostimulatecellproliferationintheintimaandinnermediallayersofthebloodvessel,muchlikethe“traditional”formofatherosclerosis410,411

•Infectionscanfurthercontributetothedevelopmentofatherosclerosisbystimulatingautoimmunereactionsagainstcomponentsofthebloodvesselwall412,413,414

•Autoimmuneantibodiesattackendothelialcellsinculture415andhavebeencorrelatedwithatheroscleroticdiseaseinthecarotidartery416

•Patientsknowntohaveatherosclerosishavealsodemonstratedelevatedlevelsofautoimmuneantibodies417

•Autoimmunediseaseincreasestheprevalenceofatherosclerosis418,419,420,421

•VitaminCiseffectiveintreatingautoimmunedisease422

•Viralinfectionsarespecificallyimplicatedinthedevelopmentofatherosclerosis423,424,425,426,427,428,429

•Higherviralloadsinpatientsinfectedwithhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)areassociatedwithpoorerendothelialfunction,aconditionthoughttoplayanimportantroleintheevolutionofatherosclerosis430

•Herpesvirusesarethoughttoactasblood-clottingactivators,playingaroleinprovokingthetotalarterialblockagesoftenseeninthelatestagesofatherosclerosis431

•HighbloodlevelsofC-reactiveproteinareassociatedwithgreaterdegreesofinflammationandgreaterriskofatherosclerosis432,433,434,435

•C-reactiveproteinisfrequentlyfounddepositedinatheroscleroticlesions435

Lipoprotein(a)LevelsFat-proteincomplexesthattransportfatinthebloodarecalledlipoproteins.Examples

ofthesecomplexesarehigh-density(HDL)andlow-densitylipoproteins(LDL)thatareknownfortheircholesteroltransportfunctions.HDLtransportscholesteroltotheliverformetabolismandexcretion,whileLDLtransportscholesteroltonon-livertissuesandintothearterialwalls.Becauseofthesetransportcharacteristics,HDL-boundcholesterolisknownasthe“good”cholesterolandLDL-boundcholesterolisknownasthe“bad”cholesterol.

HDLisconsideredagoodlipoproteinsinceahighbloodlevelofitmeansthereisagreatercapacityfortransportingmorecholesteroloutofthearterialwallstotheliverforexcretionintotheintestineviathebile.JusttheoppositeisconsideredtobethecaseforLDL,whichisknowntohelpbindcholesterolandbringitintothearterialwall.

Anotherofthesefat-proteincomplexesisknownaslipoprotein(a),orLp(a).Lp(a)isadeptinpromotingatherosclerosisandhasemergedasanindependentcoronaryarterydisease(atherosclerosis)riskfactor.WhenhighbloodlevelsofLp(a)arefoundwithelevatedLDLcholesterol,depressedlevelsofHDLcholesterol,andhypertension,the

combinationcanbeparticularlyaggressiveinthedevelopmentofarterialblockages.436UnstableanginapatientswithelevatedLp(a)aremorelikelytoproceedtoasignificantcardiaccomplication,suchasblockageofthearteryandheartattack.437AdditionalLp(a)-relatedinformationincludesthefollowing:

•BodilyproductionofLp(a)isbelievedtobeacompensatorymechanismtocounteractvitaminCdeficiency438

•Lp(a)isonlyfoundinnon-C-synthesizinganimals438

•ProlongedelevationsofLp(a)resultinexcessivedepositioninthearterialwall,promotingthedevelopmentofatherosclerosis439

•VitaminCdeficiencyincreasesplasmaconcentrationsofLp(a)andfibrinogen440

•Lp(a)depositsinarterialwallscorrelatewiththeextentofatheroscleroticlesiondevelopmentinthecoronaryarteriesandtheaorta441

•Lp(a)accumulationissignificantinthedevelopmentofatherosclerosisincoronaryarterybypassveingrafts442

•AregimenofvitaminCandlysinedramaticallyreducedanginalchestpainsin3casestudies443,444,445

•VitaminCrestoresimpairedbloodflowthroughoutthesmallbloodvessels(microcirculation)ofthehearttypicallyseeninsmokers446

•HumanatheroscleroticlesionsareprimarilycomposedofLp(a)447

•AdministrationofvitaminC,lysineandproline,alongwithniacin,guargumandtheayurvedicherbgumguggulufor19months,significantlyloweredLp(a)levels,reducinga75%narrowingoftherightcoronaryarteryto40%andresolvingother50%narrowingsinacardiacpatientcasestudy448

DiabetesDiabetesmellitusisachronicdiseaseinwhichthemetabolismofcarbohydrate,protein,

andfatisimpairedduetotheinadequateproductionofinsulinorduetoresistanceofthetargettissuestotheeffectsofinsulin.Itappearstoexertmuch,ifnotmost,ofitsnegativeimpactonthebodybyvirtueoftheassociatedchronicdeficiencyofvitaminCfoundinboththetissuesandtheblood.Verycommonly,hypertensionandlipiddisorders(suchaselevatedLp(a)andelevatedcholesterol)coexistwithdiabetes.

ThelocaldeficitofvitaminCinthebloodvesselwallinducedbydiabetescaneasilyinitiatetheatheroscleroticprocess.Afterthisdamagetothebloodvesselwallisinitiated,otherriskfactorssuchasinflammationandelevatedbloodfatslikecholesterolandLp(a)canmoreeasilymaketheircontributionstoplaquedevelopment.

Finally,theuniqueinterrelationshipbetweeninsulinandvitaminCalsooffersstrongevidencethatthechronicdiabeticstateisboththeresultofvitaminCdeficiencyandaverystrongcontributortoacontinuingstateofsignificantvitaminCdeficiency.Considerthefollowingfindings:

•Diabetesisawell-establishedriskfactorforatherosclerosisandcoronaryheartdisease449,450

•DailyvitaminCsupplementationindiabeticpatientsresultsinstrikingcholesteroldrops,rangingfrom40mgto100mgper100mlofbloodinamajorityofthepatients451

•Diabetesismarkedbyhighlevelsofoxidativestressfromincreasedfreeradicalproductionand/orreducedantioxidantdefenses452,453

•Complicationsofdiabetesspringfromitsincreasedoxidativestress454,455,456

•DiabeticshavereducedplasmalevelsofvitaminC457,458,459,460,461

•Elevatedglucoselevels(hyperglycemia)seenindiabetesmaydirectlyinduceastateoflatentscurvy,oradvancedvitaminCdeficiency462

•GlucosecompeteswithvitaminCforuptakeintothecellandmitochondria463,464,465,466,467

•InsulinpromotesthecellularuptakeofvitaminCaswellasthecellularuptakeofglucose468

•InjectionofinsulinproducesafallintheplasmalevelsofvitaminCandariseinthewhitebloodcellandplateletcontentofvitaminC469

•HyperglycemiaworkstodecreasetheabilityofthenaturalfiltersinthekidneytoreabsorbvitaminC,resultinginmorevitaminCbeingexcretedintheurineandlessvitaminCremainingintheblood470

•HighglucoselevelsinhibitsomeimportantfunctionsofvitaminC471

•HyperglycemiaisalsoespeciallyeffectiveindepletingthevitaminCcontentinmonocytes—aprimarypartofimmuneresponse472

•Platelets,thestickyelementsinthebloodthataggregatetoinitiatebloodclotformation,havedecreasedlevelsofvitaminCindiabeticpatients473

•GreateramountsofvitaminCinplateletsdirectlylessentheirtendencytoaggregate,orinitiatethefocusforabloodclot474

•Bloodclottingisanintegralpartofthesmallvesseldisease(angiopathy)seenindiabetics,andthisanti-plateletstickingeffectofvitaminCistypicallylessinevidenceinthediabetic475

•AveragevitaminClevelsinthebloodare“significantlylower”inpersonswithnewlydiagnoseddiabetesthaninnondiabetics476

•VitaminCadministrationhasapowerfulprotectiveeffectagainstabnormalbloodclotting477

•VitaminCalsoappearstoplayanessentialroleinregulatingthereleaseofinsulinfromthecellsthatproduceitinthepancreas478

•DiabeticpatientsshowclinicalimprovementwhenaninfusionofvitaminCis

combinedwithinsulininjections479

•Individualswithdiabetesarealsomuchmorelikelytohaveadvancedperiodontaldiseasethannondiabetics480,481

SmokingSmokingisanotherwell-established,independent,andmajorriskfactorforthe

developmentofatherosclerosisandcoronaryheartdisease.482,483,484Many,ifnotmost,ofthemechanismsinwhichsmokingcausesatherosclerosisappeartoatleastutilizevitaminCdeficiencyasacofactor.Considerthefollowingpoints:

•SmokinglowersthebloodlevelofvitaminC,andaddingnicotinetosamplesofwholehumanbloodsignificantlylowersthevitaminCcontentoftheblood484

•VitaminCbloodlevelsinsmokersaremarkedlyreduced485,486,487

•Evenafteradjustingforage,gender,vitaminCintake,andmultivitaminintake,exposuretotobaccointheimmediateenvironmentremained“significantlyassociated”withlowerbloodlevelsofvitaminCinchildrenchronicallyexposedtotobaccosmoke488

•Environmentaltobaccosmoke,evenwith“minimal”exposure,producesa“highlysignificant”reductionofplasmaascorbatelevels489

•CigarettesmokershaveaveragebloodlevelsofvitaminCthatareinverselyproportionaltotheamountoftobaccosmoked490,491

•Asinglepuffofsmokecontains1,015differentpro-oxidants492

•AsevereformofvasculardiseaseknownasBuerger’sdiseaseisalwaysassociatedwithsmoking,anditischaracterizedbysuchrapidlyprogressivenarrowingsandblockagesofthearteriesthatgangreneoftenoccurswhenthebloodsupplybecomescompromisedenough,resultinginlossoffingersortoes493

•Periodontaldisease(characterizedbyfocalvitaminCdeficiency)ismuchmorecommoninsmokersthaninnonsmokers494

•AstrongcorrelationexistsbetweenlowerwholebloodvitaminClevelsandincreasingseverityofperiodontaldisease495

•AdministrationofvitaminCtochildrenwithsignificantgumdiseaseclearlyimprovesthecondition496

•Typicalcigarette-inducedreductionsinmicrocirculatorybloodflowaregreatlyreducedwithvitaminCsupplementation—thesebloodflowreductionscanresultin,orhelptocause,anginalchestpainandheartattackjustliketheblockagesinthemuchlargerarteries497

•VitaminCprotectsagainstsomecardiovascularandmicrovascularchangesseenaftercigarettesmokeinhalation498

•Cigarettesmokingpromotesatherosclerosisbycausingwhitebloodcellstoclump

togetherandsticktothebloodvesselwalls499,500—oncetheyadhere,acuteandchronicdamagecanbeinflictedonthebloodvesselwall500,501,502

•VitaminCpretreatment“almostentirelyprevented”smoke-exposure-inducedclumpingofwhitebloodcellsandasubsequenttendencytoadheretobloodvesselwallsinlaboratoryanimals503

FibrinogenLevelsFibrinogenisapivotalproteininvolvedintheclottingmechanisminthebloodplasma.

Italsofactorsdirectlyintohowviscous(“thick”)thebloodis.Fibrinogencanplayaroleinhowreadilytheplateletsinthebloodwillsticktogetherandpromotetheinitiationofbloodclots.Fibrin,animportantcomponentinthebloodclot,resultsfromthedirectconversionoffibrinogenwhentheclottingmechanisminthebloodhasbeeninitiated.

FibrinogenappearstobeariskfactorthatinvolvesavitaminCdeficiencyinexertingitseffectsasaheartdiseaseriskfactor.Attheveryleast,thereisaclearcorrelationbetweenelevatedfibrinogenlevelsanddecreasedvitaminClevels.ItisalsoverypossiblethatthevitaminCdeficiencyitselfdirectlyresultsintheelevationoffibrinogenlevelsinthebody.

Anelevatedfibrinogenlevelinthebloodcanbeexpectedtoincreaseboththesizeofatheroscleroticplaquesaswellasthelikelihoodofsuddencompleteblockagesbyacutelyformedbloodclotsontopofdevelopingplaques.Fibrinogenfactsincludethefollowing:

•Anincreasedleveloffibrinogeninthebloodisanindependentriskfactorforcardiovasculardisease504,505,506,507,508

•HigherfibrinogenlevelsaretiedtolowerlevelsofvitaminC509

•BloodfibrinogenlevelswereupandbloodvitaminClevelsweredowninstrokepatients510

•VitaminCsupplementation(1,000mg)substantiallyincreasestheabilitytodissolvebloodclotsinhealthyindividualsaswellasinthosewithcoronaryheartdisease—thiseffectpersistsonlyaslongastheincreaseofvitaminCinthebloodismaintained511

•VitaminCsupplementation(1,000mg)helpspreventexcessivefibrinolysis(bloodclotbreakdown)inpatientswithchronicnephritis,showingthatvitaminCisimportantinmaintainingthebalancebetweenfibrinformationandfibrinbreakdown512

RESOURCEE

KidneystoneformationriskfactorsConcernaboutthedevelopmentofkidneystonesisoftenareasonthathigh-dose

vitaminCisdiscouragedordenied.Undercertainconditions,vitaminC—andalargelistofmanyotherfactors—cancontributetoanincreaseinoxalateconcentrationintheurine.Becausecalciumoxalatecomprisesmanykidneystones,somemayconcludethatvitaminCcauseskidneystones,sinceitcanincreaseurinaryoxalate.ThismythisdebunkedinChapter7.AlthoughresearchpresentedinthatchaptershowsthatahighintakeofvitaminCactuallylowerstheincidenceofkidneystones,thosewithpreexistingkidneydisease(renalinsufficiencyorfailure)shouldseektheadviceofaphysicianbeforeundertakingahigh-dosevitaminCsupplementationprogram.

Manyfactorsareinvolvedintheprecipitationofcalciumoxalateoutoftheurine,leadingtostoneformation.IncreasedvitaminCsupplementationisbutoneofthosefactors.Itisimportanttorealizethatagivenriskfactorcanonlyproduceagivenmedicalconditionwhenothersurroundingcircumstancesfavorthedevelopmentofthatconditionaswell.Theseriskfactors,withappropriatereferences,includethefollowing:

1)Increasedoxalateintheurine513,514

2)Presenceandhighconcentrationofotherdissolvedsubstances(solutes)intheurine515,516

3)Presenceofheavymetalchelationagents,suchasDMPS,DMSA,andEDTA,whichhavetheirownindependentkidneytoxicities,duetoincreasedurinarysoluteloadandtoxindamagetothekidneys4

4)Increasedcalciumintheurine517,518,519,520

5)Lowmagnesiumlevelsintheurine521

6)Lowcitrateintheurine522,523,524

7)Lowpotassiumintheurine518

8)Increasedcystineintheurine525

9)Increasedphosphorusintheurine526

10)Increaseduricacidintheurine527,528

11)Increasedlipidsintheurine529,530

12)Increasedcholesterolintheurine529,530

13)Increasedage,withage-associateddecreaseintheflowrateoffluidfilteredthroughthekidneys531

14)Intakeofhardwater532

15)Overallstateofhydration533,534

16)Decreaseddailyvolumeofurineflowandformation535,536

17)UrinarypH518,537,538,539,540

18)Lowdietarycalcium541

19)Supplementalcalcium541,542

20)VitaminDsupplementation543,544,545,546

21)Lowintakeofmagnesiumandvitamins547

22)Preexistingcalciumdepositsthroughoutthebody,especiallyinthevascularsystem

23)Preexistingkidneyinsufficiencyorfailure,includingbeingonhemodialysis548,549,550

24)Anyinjurytothecellsliningthosepartsoftheurinarysystemsusceptibletostoneformation551

25)Intakeofoxalatestone-generatingoroxalate-containingfoods513,552,553

a.Fruits:rhubarb,blackberries,blueberries,raspberries,strawberries,currants,kiwifruit,concordgrapes,figs,tangerines,lemonpeel,limepeel,plums

b.Vegetables:greenbeans,beetroot,spinach,escarole,okra,parsley,pokeweed,sweetpotatoes,swisschard,beetgreens,collards,leeks

c.Meats:liver

d.Grains:wheatbran,wheatgerm,millet,grits,quinoa

e.Nuts:peanuts,pecans,almonds,cashews,soybeans

f.Miscellaneous:chocolate,pepper

26)Intakeofoxalatestone-generatingoroxalate-containingbeverages554,555(blacktea,cocoa,coffee)

27)Intakeofoxalatestone-generatingoroxalate-containingsupplementsandmedicines556,557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564,565,566,567

28)Intakeofoxalatestone-generatingtoxins513,568,569

29)Receivingallnutritionviaintravenousinfusion570,571

30)Deficiencyofpyridoxine(vitaminB6)572,573,574,575,576,577,578

31)Deficiencyofthiamine(vitaminB1)576,577

32)Havinghadintestinalbypassorresectionsurgery,orsmallbowelmalabsorptionfromanycause579,580,581,582

33)Urinarytractinfectionorpresenceofbacteria583,584,585,586,587,588

34)Presenceofincreasedoxidativestressintheurinarytract589,590

35)Primaryhyperoxaluria(excessiveexcretionofoxalateintheurine),ahereditarydisorder591

36)Hyperparathyroidism592,593

37)Urinarystasis(stoppageorlesseningofnormalurinaryflow)orincompletevoiding594,595

38)Obstructiveurinarydisease588

39)Polycystickidneydisease596,597

40)Cirrhosis513

41)Diabetes513

42)Congestiveheartfailure513

43)Crohn’sdisease598,599,600

44)Cysticfibrosis601,602

45)Renaltubularacidosis(thisisadiseasemarkedbyaninabilityofthekidneystoremoveexcessacidfromthebloodintotheurineresultinginoverlyacidicblood)513

46)Sarcoidosis(achronicinflammationofunknownoriginthatresultsintheformationoflumps[granulomas]invariousorgansofthebody)603,604

47)Klinefelter’ssyndrome513

48)Parasiticdiseasesincludingamebiasis,schistosomiasis,giardiasis,andascariasis513

49)Antibiotictherapy605

50)Increasedfluorideintake606

51)Prolongedbedrest607

52)Kidneytransplantation608

53)Hypertension609,610

54)Increasedalcoholintake611

55)Increasedglucoseintake612,613

56)Pregnancy614,615

57)Methoxyfluraneanesthesia616,617,618

58)Ketogenicdiet(ahigh-fat,high-protein,low-carbohydratediet)619

59)Spacetravel620,621

60)IncreasedvitaminCsupplementation622,623,624

61)CalciumascorbateasthetypeofsupplementalvitaminC625,626

RESOURCEF

MinimizingtoxinimpactTwobasicaspectsoftoxinexposuremustbeaddressed:

1)Dailyexposuretonewtoxins

2)Accumulationandstorageofnewtoxinsinbodilytissuesratherthanneutralizationandexcretion

Aheavymetalsuchasmercuryisagoodexampleofatoxinthattendstoexertitsmaximumtoxicityafterithassignificantlyaccumulatedintargettissuesafterextendedchronicexposure.Othertoxins,likealcohol,arereadilyexcretedaftertheirinitialexposureandlong-termaccumulationsarenotanissue.

Whetheranindividualshouldundergoamild,moderate,oraggressiveprogramofdetoxificationisadecisionthatshouldbemadeinconcertwithahealthcarepractitioner.Thepractitionershouldbefamiliarwiththewidearrayofinterventionsavailableformobilizingandexcretingtoxins.

Althoughagoodprogramofsupplementationwillgenerallystimulateatleastamilddegreeofdetoxification,theneedfordeeperdetoxificationshouldbedeterminedscientifically.Clinicalstatus,standardlaboratorytests,andspecialtestingforthedegreesoftoxinaccumulationsallneedtobeapartofthisdecision.Sometimesanindividualissufferingfromamedicalconditionthatisnotlikelytoshowsubstantialimprovementuntilamajorportionofaccumulatedtoxinshavebeenmobilizedandexcreted.

PoorDentalHealth:AMajorSourceofToxinExposureWithfewexceptions,individualswhoareunabletooptimizetheirantioxidantcapacity

withqualitysupplementationaredealingwithasignificantamountofdentaltoxicity.Dentaltoxicityisoftenbothinfectiousandtoxicinnature,representinga“doublewhammy”inconsumingthebody’sstoredantioxidantsupplies.Also,sincetheinfectionsandtoxinsaregenerated“within”thebody,100%ofallsuchtoxinsareassimilatedbyinhalation,swallowing,mucousmembraneabsorption,ordirectreleaseintothebloodstream.Toxinsexternaltothebodyareneverthiseffectivelyabsorbedandassimilated.

Thisiswhytherootcanalprocedureisthemostimportantsinglefactorinthecausationofchronicdegenerativediseases,especiallycancerandcoronaryheartdisease.Theenormoustoxicitysecreteddirectlyintothebloodstreamalwayskeepstheantioxidantlevelsinthetissuesknockeddown,allowinganyofanumberofdiseasestotakeholdandprogress.

Addressingdentaltoxicity,then,shouldbethefirst,oratleastaveryearlypartofone’sprogramtargetedatoptimizingantioxidantcapacity.Thisinvolvesthefollowing:

1)Findingasupportivedentistwhowillworkwithyou

2)Properlyextractingallrootcanals

3)Properlyextractingallinfectedorabscessedteeth

4)Propercleaning/revisionofjawbonecavitations

5)Properlyaddressingperiodontaldisease(acupofwarmwaterwithafewcapfulsof3%hydrogenperoxideadministeredwithawaterirrigationdevicewillresolvemanycasesofthisdisease,evenwhenadvancedwithgumrecessionandboneresorption)

6)Replacementofmercuryamalgamfillingswithbiocompatiblereplacementmaterials

7)Usingbiocompatiblereplacementmaterialsforcrownsandotherdentalappliances

8)Probableremovalofdentalimplants,dependinguponhowwellthepatientimprovesclinicallywiththeotherdental/supplementationinterventions

Items1through3arethemostimportantfactorstoaddress.Allowingrootcanal-treatedteeth,aswellasanyotherinfectedteeth,toremainunextractedwillseverelycompromiseyourpathtorecoveryoryourattemptstomaintaingoodhealth.

Forthosewhowantmoredetails,theenormoustoxicityoftherootcanal-treatedtoothisthesubjectofanotherbook,TheRootsofDisease,thatIcoauthoredwithDr.RobertKulacz.

PoorDigestion:AHugeSourceofToxinsAnothercommonsourceofsubstantialdailytoxinexposurecomesfromapoorly

functioninggastrointestinaltract.Properdigestionisofparamountimportance.Manytoxinsofthesamevarietyandtoxicitylevelascanbeseeninrootcanal-treatedteetharegeneratedinsubstantialquantityinthesluggish,constipatedgut.

Dailybowelmovements,preferablyatleasttwicedaily,areyourbestevidencethatyourbowelfunctionisnormalornear-normal.Ashortlistofimportantrecommendationstohelpnormalbowelfunctionincludethefollowing(thisissueisaddressedingreaterdepthinmybook,OptimalNutritionforOptimalHealth):

1)Combineyourfoodsproperly(extremelyimportant)

2)Minimizehighglycemicindexfoods(choosecomplexcarbohydratesratherthansimplecarbohydratefoods)

3)Chewthoroughly!!!(asimplebutextremelyimportantfactorinachievingnormaldigestion)

4)Minimizewaterandliquidswithmeals(dilutesdigestiveenzymes)

5)Takeabroad-spectrumdigestiveenzymesupplementwithorbeforemeals

6)Eatsmalleramountsmorefrequentlyratherthanhavingoneor2largemealsdaily

7)Minimizedairyingeneral,anddonotconsumepasteurizedmilkasabeverage(toomuchcalcium,impairsdigestion)

8)Trytolimitmeatproteintobetween2to4ouncesatatime(difficulttocompletelydigestlargeramounts)

9)Minimizeseafood(mercuryexposure)

10)Chooseorganicfoodswhenpossible

MinimizingReactiveIronThisveryimportantkeytoachievingoptimalantioxidantcapacityneedstobeaddressed

separately.Free,orreactive,ironlevelsinthebodymustbeminimized.Suchironisapowerfuloxidativecatalyst,anditisprobablytheprimaryfactorinpromotingexcessoxidativestresswhereverithasexcessivelyaccumulatedinthebody.

Ferritinlevelsarecurrentlythebesttesttocheckforexcessironstores,correspondingtoexcesslevelsoffreeironinthebody.Currently,somelaboratoriesconsiderferritinlevelsashighas400ng/mltobenormal.Thislevelisnevernormal.Everyeffortshouldbemadetobringferritinlevelsdownto15to25ng/ml,orless.Aslongasthehemoglobinlevelisnormal,thebodyhasenoughironinit.Whenaborderlineanemiaisfinallybeingapproached,measurestofacilitateironexcretioncanbewithheld.Thebestwaystolowerthebody’sstoresofironare:

1)Phlebotomy.Givingupto6unitsofbloodannuallyisagoodgoal,andthiswilldropferritinlevelssignificantly.

2)Sweatingexcessively(aerobicathletescanachievethis,butitismorereadilyaccomplishedwithafarinfraredsauna);magnesiumandotherelectrolytescanbewastedaswell,andshouldbemonitoredandsupplemented

3)Inositolhexaphosphate(IP6,phyticacid).Dosesbetween2and3gramsshouldbetakendaily,butonanemptystomach;itwillbindironandcalciuminfoodiftakenwithmeals(besttotakeinthemiddleofthenightwhenarisingtogotothebathroom,orfirstthinginthemorningbyitself)

4)Prescriptionironchelation;thisshouldbedoneonlyifdifficultyisencounteredinstabilizinganacuteclinicalsituationthatislikelybeingexacerbatedby,orprimarilydueto,excessiron(suchasprogressivecoronaryarterydisease,withclearprogressionofarterialnarrowingsonserialangiographythatarenotrespondingadequatelytoothermeasures)

RESOURCEG

Balancinghigh-dosevitaminCwithothersupplements

AlthoughvitaminCisperhapsthepremiersupplement,additionalsupplementationwitharangeofothernutrientsoftendeficientinthedailydietisverybeneficial.Thisisnota“onesizefitsall”matter,however.Whatisoptimalforanygivenpersondependsonmultiplefactors.Thesefactorsincludenewdailytoxinexposure,typesandlevelsoftoxinsalreadyaccumulated,andpre-existingdiseases.

Also,largelyduetothesethreefactors,differentindividualswillhavevariablerequirementsforthedifferentvitaminsandminerals.Someconditionswillconsumeordepletesomenutrientsmorethanothers.Thefollowingsupplementsareimportant,butthedoserangesareonlyveryapproximate.Theyarebestadjustedovertimeinconcertwithaknowledgeablehealthcarepractitionermonitoringyouandyourtestresultsonaregularbasis.

•L-lysine:3,000to6,000mgdaily(especiallywhentryingtosloworevenreversecoronaryarterydisease)

•Magnesiumchelate(glycinateorother):200to1,000mgdaily(essentialtomaintainingnormalcalciummetabolismandmobilizingabnormalcalciumdepositions)

•VitaminK2:1to3mgdaily(criticalforcalciumbalanceaswithmagnesium)

•VitaminD3(cholecalciferol):5,000to10,000IUdaily(adjustupordowndependingonbloodlevels,generallyaimingfor60to80ng/cc)

•VitaminE(mixedtocopherolsandtocotrienols):200to1,000IUdaily

•BetaCarotene(vitaminAsource):25,000IUdaily

•VitaminBcomplex:1dailyoraportionofavegetable/fruitpowderblend(individualBvitaminscanbesupplementedingreateramountsdependinguponneeds)

•Multimineral:1dailyoraportionofavegetable/fruitpowderblend(individualmineralscanbesupplementedingreateramountsdependinguponneeds;AVOIDcopperandiron,unlessacleardeficiencyhasbeenidentified)

•Omega-3krilloil:300to600mgdaily

•Digestiveenzymes:beforeorwithmeals

•Anyofawidevarietyofqualityantioxidantsandothersupplementsincluding,butnotlimitedto:

—N-acetylcysteine

—coenzymeQ10

—alphalipoicacid

—silymarin

—resveratrol

—L-arginine

—aminoacids

—MSM

—nattokinase

—polyphenols

—superoxidedismutase

—catalase

—rutin

—quercetin

—wheyproteinpowder

—wheatgerm

—lecithin

Finally,inconcertwithahealthcarepractitionerwhoisworkingwithyou,periodicassessmentwithcoronaryarterycalciumtestingshouldbeperformed,initiallyat6-monthtoone-yearintervals.Ifyourtotal“program”resultsinprogressivelyincreasingcoronaryarterycalciumscores,moreevaluationneedstobedoneandabetterprogramshouldbeinstituted.Ontheotherhand,aprogressivelydecliningscoreisanexcellentindicatorthatyouaretreatingyourentirebodywell,inadditiontoyourcoronaryarteries.

RESOURCEH

PublishedstudiessupportingtheuseofvitaminCinthetreatmentofinfectiousdiseasesandtoxin

exposuresThisisnotanexhaustiveresource.Timeandspacedonotpermitsuchatreatment;

furthermore,newstudiesarepublisheddaily.Hopefully,theinformationprovidedinthisresourcewillstimulateagreaterappreciationofwhatresearchershavealreadysolidlyestablished.

Thevastmajorityofstudiescitedareindexedonthegovernment’sPubMedwebsite.Forthosewhowantto“see”theabstractsoftheactualstudies,herearesomebasicinstructions:

1.GotothePubMedsiteathttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

2.Typethelastnameofthefirstauthorlistedinthereferencefollowedbytheyear,volume,number,andfirstpageofthatreference(e.g.,theunderlineditemswithsimplespacesseparatingthoseitems,asinthesamplecitationlistedbelow)

RiordanNH,RiordanHD,JacksonJA:Intravenousascorbateasatumorcytotoxicchemo-therapeuticagent.MedHypoth,1995;44(3):207-213.Youwilltype:Riordan199544(3)207

3.Clickthe“Search”button

Inmostcases,thesearchwillretrieveanabstractofthestudy.Insomecasesthewholestudymaybeavailableatnocharge.Fortheremainingstudies,acopyoftheentirestudycanoftenbeobtainedforafee.

Rememberthatallstudiesshouldbeevaluatedcritically.Thegoalofthisbookistopromotehonest,science-basedresearchonthemedicalusesof“high-dose”vitaminC.TheworkofsuchpioneersasDr.Klenner,LinusPauling,Dr.Cathcart,Dr.Riordan,andothersprovidessufficientbasisanddirectionforthecontinuedinvestigationontheapplicationsofvitaminC,thePrimalPanacea.

Therefore,particularcautionshouldbeexercisedregardingthedefinitionof“high-dose.”Thesedefinitionsvarywidely!Thosewhohaveswallowedthe90mgRDAmantraconsider500mgtobe“high-dose,”whilethepioneerslistedabovedefineadaily“high-dose”inthe10,000to150,000mg(ormore)range.ItisessentialforreadersandfutureresearcherstoacknowledgethatobtainingthetypesofresultsreportedbyDr.Klenner—andthosewhofollowedhim—requirestheuseof“Klenner-sized”doses.Timeaftertime,studieshaveshownthatsuccessfulclinicalresponsestovitaminCareextremelydose-dependent.Klennerhimselfrepeatedlyemphasizedthisimportantfact.

Veryfewofthestudiescitedinthefollowingpagesemployedtrue“high-dose”vitaminC.Evenwiththatgreathandicap,positiveresultshavestillbeenachievedwith

dosesconsiderablybelowoptimum.Muchbetteroutcomesawaitthosewhoarewillingtobreakthoughthislow-dosage“barrier.”Curesandgoodhealthatlowcostareahead.Thereisabsolutelynovalidreasontobetimid.Let’smoveforward!

AflatoxinPoisoningDescription:Aflatoxinsareafamilyofpoisonsproducedbyseveralfungalspecies(molds)oftheAspergillusvariety.Thesetoxinsareamongthemostcarcinogenicsubstancesknowntoman.Continuedexposuresignificantlyincreasestheriskofhepatocellularcarcinoma(livercancer),whichisthethirdmostcommoncauseofcancerdeathsworldwide.627Thetypicalsourcesforaflatoxinarefoundindecayingvegetation,nuts,spices,andgrains.Examplesinclude:contaminatedmillet,rice,wheat,peanuts,soybeans,sunflowerseeds,chilipeppers,blackpepper,ginger,almonds,pistachio,walnuts,coconuts,andbrazilnuts.628

TraditionalApproach:NospecifictreatmentforaflatoxinpoisoningpriortodiagnosisofhepatocellularcarcinomaislistedinCecilMedicine.

StudiesShow:

VitaminCprotectsguineapigsfromacuteaflatoxinpoisoning629NegativeeffectsofaflatoxinontherabbitreproductivesystemaregreatlyreducedwithvitaminC630VitaminCaffordssignificantprotectionagainstaflatoxin-inducedruptureofredbloodcellsinvitro631Aflatoxin-inducedchromosomalabnormalitiesinbonemarrowcellsofmicearedecreasedbyvitaminC632VitaminClessensaflatoxin-inducedmutationsinsomebacteria633,634

AIDS/HIVDescription:AcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome(AIDS)resultsfromadvancedHumanImmunodeficiencyVirus(HIV)infection.Thisvirusattackstheimmunesystem,profoundlydepletingT-lymphocytes(cell-mediatedimmunity).Theselymphocytesinitiateandcontrolmanynecessaryimmuneresponses,andtheabilityofHIVtodestroyCD4+lymphocytesreduces/eliminatesthebody’sabilitytodefendagainstahostofopportunisticpathogens.635

TraditionalApproach:TreatmentofHIVandAIDSisdividedintothreemajorareas:(1)anti-retrovirustherapies,(2)treatment/preventionofopportunisticinfections,and(3)treatmentofHIV-relatedcomplications.Thegoalissimplytoslowtheprogressionofthediseasewiththeleastdisruptiontothepatient’slifestyle.636

StudiesShow:

AIDSandHIVinfectionarepreventableandreversiblewithaggressivevitaminCtherapycontinuedforalongenoughtime637ClinicalimprovementisproportionaltovitaminCdosagesize—apatientcanbeputintoremissionifenoughvitaminCisadministered638AIDSpatientswhodieofnervoussystemtoxicityarefoundtohavesignificantlyreducedvitaminClevelsinthemost-effectedareasofbrain639EvensmalldosesoforalvitaminCtoHIV-infectedpatientslessenevidenceofoxidativestressandresultinareductioninactualviralload640,641CD4depletioncanbeslowed,stopped,andevenreversedforseveralyearswhenvitaminCisoptimallydosed642VitaminCinhibitstheabilityofHIVtoreplicateinchronicallyinfectedT-

lymphocyteswithamechanismnotcharacteristicofantioxidantsingeneral643VitaminCconcentrationsnotdirectlytoxictoHIV-infectedcellsarestillabletoinhibitvirusreproductioninsidethecells644SupplementationwithvitaminCandN-acetylcysteinefor6daysinHIV-infectedpatientsincreasesCD4T-lymphocytecount,increasesglutathionelevelsinthosecells,anddecreasesplasmalevelsofHIV-relatedRNA645

HighintakesofvitaminC,niacin,andvitaminB1byHIV-infectedpatientsslowsprogressiontoAIDSafteradjustmentforconfoundingvariables646HIV-infectedpatientshavelowerplasmaconcentrationsofvitaminCthanfoundinnon-HIVcontrols647AIDSpatientswithmyelopathy“respondwell”tovitaminCtherapy648,649“Supranutritional”dosingofvitaminCandvitaminEprotectsagainstAZT-mediatedoxidativemuscledamageinbothAIDSpatientsandinmice650

Alcohol(Ethanol)PoisoningDescription:Themajortoxicityassociatedwithethanolconsumptionspringsfromthebreakdownofalcoholintoacetaldehyde.Atacertainpoint,acetaldehydebecomeslethal.VitaminCnotonlyreducestheproductionofacetaldehyde,butitalsoappearstoreducethelossofperceptionandmotorskillsthatcanaccompanyacuteethanolconsumption.

StudiesShow:

VitaminClessensbodymovementabnormalitiesproducedbytheadministrationofmethanol(anotheralcohol)inmice651MotorcoordinationandcolordiscriminationaresignificantlybetterinmensupplementingvitaminCfor2weekspriortoalcoholconsumptioninaplacebo-controlledstudy—alcoholeliminationfromthebloodisalsoimprovedbyvitaminC652AvitaminCdose(equivalentto4,400mgdosefora150-poundperson)producesnoclearimprovementinmotorcoordinationinalcohol-intoxicatedlabanimals;whilehigh-dosevitaminC(equivalentto35,000mgfora150-poundperson)completelypreventedmotorcoordinationloss65340gramsofintravenousvitaminCalongwithvitaminB1canneutralizetheintoxicationeffectsofalcohol654VitaminCreducesabnormalelevationsofoxidativestressinpatientswithchronicalcoholicliverdisease655Alcoholicshavemuchlowerbloodlevelsofantioxidantenzymesandantioxidants,includingvitaminC656

AlcoholicsbothmetabolizeandeliminatevitaminCmorequickly,indicatingamuchgreaterneedforsupplementation657VitaminCbloodlevelsarereducedby12-15%from“moderate”alcoholconsumption658Supplementationwithonly1,000mgofvitaminCdailyfor3dayspriortoacutealcoholconsumptiondecreasestheassociatedacetaldehyde-mediatedpoisoning659

ThereisadirectcorrelationbetweenlevelsofvitaminCinwhitebloodcellsandtherateofethanolclearancefromtheblood660VitaminCgiven90minutesbeforeanotherwisefatalinjectionofacetaldehydesignificantlyreducesmortalityinmice661,662VitaminC,alongwithglucoseandcysteine,blocksotherwiselethaldosesofacetaldehydegiventomice663PretreatmentwithvitaminClessensalcohol-inducedoxidativestressandblockstheotherwise-expectedDNAdamage664High-dosevitaminC(equivalentto140gramsfora150-poundperson)clearlyreducesalcohol-inducedpoisoninginrats665Guineapigsreceivinga5-weekpre-treatmentwithlargeamountsofvitaminCareabletometabolizeingestedalcoholmuchmorequicklythenthosereceivingminimalamounts666Administrationof“largeamounts”ofvitaminCacceleratesthemetabolismofbothethanolandacetaldehyde,whilereducingsomeoftheiradversehealtheffects667Thealcohol-inducedincreaseinbloodfatsissignificantlyreducedwithsupplementalvitaminCinguineapigs668ThesameethanoldosethatcausedSGOT(aliverenzyme)levelstoincrease12-foldinanimalswithvitaminClevelsbelow16mg/100gofliverweightwasgiventoanimalswithClevelsabovethisthreshold—researchersreporteda60%reductioninSGOT669Athoroughreviewoftheliteraturedemonstratesthatadequately-dosedvitaminCisthebestwaytodetoxifyalcohol,preventfuturealcohol-induceddamage,andrepairpastalcohol-induceddamage670

AluminumPoisoningDescription:Aluminuminthebloodcausesoxidativedamagethroughlipidperoxidation(LPO),whichcanthenresultindamagetocellmembranesandcellularDNA.Aluminumtoxicitycandamagethecentralnervoussystem,anditcangreatlyimpairspeech,cognitiveabilities,memory,andmusclecoordination.Asitaccumulatesinbones,itinhibitstheincorporationofcalcium.Highaluminumexposureincreasestheriskforlungandbladdercancer.671

TraditionalApproach:Removalofaluminumfromthebloodcanbeaccomplishedthroughhemodialysisandhemofiltration.Deferoxamineisusedtochelatealuminumfrombloodandtissueswhenserumlevelsexceed100µg/L.671

StudiesShow:

AnantioxidanttreatmentprotocolincludingvitaminClargelyblockstheabilityofaluminumtoincreaseLPOactivity672VitaminCpreventsaluminum-inducedLPOdamageinvitro673VitaminCsupplementationinrabbitsenhancedexcretion(chelation)ofaluminumaccumulatedinbonetissues674VitaminCpreventssomealuminum-inducedLPObreakageofchromosomesinbonemarrowcellsofmice675,676

Alzheimer’s/Dementia

Description:Dementiaisdefinedasacognitivedisorderthatinterfereswithdailyfunctioningandresultsinalossofindependence.Itsincidenceincreaseswithage.677Itisgenerallyacceptedthatoxidativestressfromreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)islargelyresponsibleforthegenesisandprogressionofdementiadiseases.678

TraditionalApproach:Therearenoestablishedpreventativetherapies.Therearetwoclassesofdrugsareapprovedandusedintreatment:cholinesteraseinhibitorsandmemantine.679

StudiesShow:

AnimalstudiesvalidateanimportantroleforvitaminCinpreventingandreducingexcessoxidativestressinmodelsofneurodegenerativediseases680,681,682AcombinationofvitaminC,vitaminE,andnon-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrugsslowsthecognitivedeclineofAlzheimer’sdisease683Arandomized,double-blind,placebo-controlledstudyconcludesthatAlzheimer’spatientswhoreceivedanantioxidantformula,includingvitaminC,demonstratesignificantlyimprovedcognitivescores684

AmphetaminePoisoningDescription:Seizures,tachycardia,hyperthermia,hallucinations,stroke,hypertension,anddeathcanresultfromacuteamphetamineoverdose.Toxicexposuretoamphetaminecausesneuronalcelldamageandevendestruction,aswellasheartdamage.685

TraditionalApproach:Treatmentcanincludesedation,icepacktherapyforhyperthermia,anduseofdrugslikebenzodiazepinesandhaloperidol.685

StudiesShow:

A17year-oldmalesufferedanEcstasyoverdose,enteredthehospitalafteragrandmalseizure,andawokefromacomatosestate,talkingwithin50minutesafterstartingintravenousvitaminC686

PretreatmentwithvitaminClessenstheneurotoxiceffectsofmethamphetamineinlaboratoryanimals687,688VitaminCpretreatmentalongwithotherantioxidantslessensthelong-lastingdepletionsofdopamineinthebrainsofratsgivenmethamphetamine689Theanti-amphetamineeffectsofhaloperidolaresubstantiallyenhancedbyvitaminCadministration690VitaminClessensthebehavioralabnormalitiesassociatedwithamphetamineadministrationinrats691

ArsenicPoisoningDescription:Arsenicpoisoningcommonlyresultsfromchronicexposuretothetrivalentformofthiselement(arsenite).Signsandsymptomsincludeweakness,malaise,discolorationofthetongueandinsidethemouth,lungdisease,neuropathy,livertoxicity,andbrittlenails.692

TraditionalApproach:Chelationwiththedrug,2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate[DMPS](notFDA-approved),whenbloodlevelsareabove50µg/L.693

StudiesShow:

Inthe1940sdoctorstreatedsyphiliswitharsenic;vitaminCwasfoundtobethe“safestway”toprotectpatientsfromthetoxiceffectsofthemedicine694

VitaminCprotectslabanimalsfromthetoxiceffectsofsodiumarseniteonovarianandbrainfunctions695VitaminCenhancestheeffectivenessofarsenictrioxideinkillingcancercellsseeninleukemiaandmultiplemyeloma696,697,698

ArthritisDescription:Arthritisdiseases(polyarthritis,osteoarthritis,andrheumatoidarthritis)allresultinadegenerationofjointtissues.Oxidativestresshasbeenblamedforcartilagesenescence,chondrocytetelomereinstability,andalesseningofchondrocytefunctioninarthritis.699Acompromisedantioxidantdefensesystemisalsotiedtothedevelopmentofarthritis.700

TraditionalApproach:CecilMedicinehasnolistingforosteoarthritis.Thetreatmentforrheumatoidarthritisattemptstoputthediseaseintoremissionandmanagepain.Itincludestheuseofnon-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs),corticosteroids,anddisease-modifyingantirheumaticdrugs(DMARDs).701TreatmentforpolyarthritisincludestheuseofNSAIDs,corticosteroids,sulfasalazineandmethotrexate.702

StudiesShow:

OsteoarthritispatientshavesignificantlylowervitaminCstoresthannormal703Scurvyvictimsexhibitarthritissymptoms704,705LowerlevelsofvitaminCandGSH(anintracellularantioxidant)areseeninthesynovialfluidofarthriticjointsandaretiedtodamageofcartilagetissue706AlowerintakeofvitaminCisassociatedwithdevelopmentofpolyarthritis707,708AgreatervitaminCintakereducesthebonemarrowlesionsthathelpcausekneeosteoarthritis709High-dosevitaminCadministrationreducesextremityarthritisanditsassociatedinflammatoryedema,aswellastheinfiltrationoftheinflammatorycellsintothesynovialtissueinarthriticrats710

BarbiturateOverdoseDescription:Barbituratesareusedasanticonvulsants,tranquilizers,andsedatives.Phenobarbitalisthemostcommonlyknownofthesedrugs,anditremainsthemostcommondrugusedtotreatseizuredisordersthroughouttheworld.Symptomsofabarbiturateoverdoserangefromsluggishnesstoalife-threateningcoma.711

TraditionalApproach:Afterintubation(insertionofabreathingtube)andbeginningintravenousfluidtherapy,thepatientisoftengivendrugstoboosttheirbloodpressurelikenorepinephrineordopamine.Activatedcharcoalmaythenbegiveninhopesofabsorbinganyofthebarbituratethatremainsinthegastrointestinaltract.712

StudiesShow:

Acomatosepatientwhohadoverdosedonbarbiturates,withabloodpressureof60/0,promptlyawakenedandcompletelyrecoveredwith125,000mgofvitaminCadministeredovera12-hourperiod713FifteencasesofseverebarbiturateoverdosecompletelyresolvedwithinhourswiththecombinationofintravenousandoralvitaminCadministrationtotaling100,000mgormore713Injectionofhigh-dosevitaminCreversesthelowbloodpressure,therespiratoryfailure,andthecentralnervoussystemdepressionseenwithbarbiturateoverdoseindogsandmice714

BenzanthronePoisoningDescription:Benzanthroneisanaromatichydrocarbonderivativeusedasasolventintheindustrialmanufactureofdyes,andinfireworks.715Exposureoveraperiodoftimecanproducesevereskinirritation,alossofappetite,fatigue,andweakness.Itcanalsoimpairliverfunctionandcausegastritis.715IngestionofthistoxicsubstancecancauseburnsintheesophagusandG.I.tract.716

TraditionalApproach:Treatmentofexternalexposureinvolvesremovalfromthesource,alongwithtopicalcreams.Foringestion,stomachpumpingorirrigationfollowedbydosesofactivatedcharcoalisemployedinanattempttoblockfurtherabsorptionofanyremainingbenzanthrone.716

StudiesShow:

ExposuretobenzanthroneconsumesvitaminCandglutathione717VitaminCinadoseequivalentto1,750mgfora150-poundpersonlowersbenzanthrone-induceddeathby40%inlaboratoryanimals718SmalldosesofvitaminCproducesignificantimprovementintheappearanceandthebiochemicalchangesseenintheliver,testis,kidney,andbladderofanimalsexposedtobenzanthrone719OralandtopicalvitaminCtreatmentsprovidesubstantialprotectionagainstbenzanthrone-inducedtoxiceffectsonskinandliver720PretreatmentwithvitaminCincreasesexcretionandgreatlyreducesorganretentionofbenzanthrone721,722

BenzenePoisoningDescription:Benzeneisaclear,liquid,aromatichydrocarboncommonlyusedasasolvent.Exposurecanoccurthroughcontactwiththeskin,breathingthevapors,oringestion.Symptomsofpoisoninginclude:blurredvision,irritatednose/throat,lossofappetite,nausea,vomiting,irregularorrapidheartbeat,rapid/shallowbreathing,dizziness,drowsiness,nervousness,convulsions,headache,staggering,unconsciousness,andweakness.723

TraditionalApproach:“Thereisnoantidoteforacutebenzenepoisoning.”724Thoseexposedshouldbeimmediatelyremovedfromthesourceandcardiopulmonarystatusmustbemonitoredandtreated.Stomachpumpingisindicatedifsignificantquantitieshavebeeningested.724

StudiesShow:

Severebenzenepoisoningresultedin“symptomslikethoseofscurvy,”andhigh-dosevitaminCadministrationforcedexcretionofbenzeneintheurine725Abenzene-inducedscurvy-likestatewassuccessfullytreatedwithhigh-dosevitaminC726VitaminCsupplementationisrecommendedtopreventbenzenepoisoning627VitaminCinadose-dependentfashionprovidesprotectioninanimalcellpreparationsfromthetoxiceffectsofbromobenzene728IncreasedvitaminClessenedsymptomsandloweredmortalityrateby57%inguineapigs729

BrucellosisDescription:Brucellaeareanimal-bornebacteriathatcaninfecthumans,typicallythroughcontactoringestionofcontaminatedmilkproducts.Symptomsofthediseaseincludejointpain,enlargementofthespleenand/orliver,andswollenlymphnodes.Severecasesmaycausedamagetotheheartandcanresultindeath.730

TraditionalApproach:Ifdetectedearlyandtreatedwithanextendedprotocolofantibiotics,theinfectionissometimescurable.Relapsescanoccurthroughoutapatient’slife,evenwhentreatedaggressivelyearlyinthecourseoftheinfection.Chronicbrucellosisisconsideredtobeincurable.730

StudiesShow:

SignificantlylowervitaminClevelsarefoundinchronicbrucellosispatients731VitaminCsupplementationfor15daysrestoresspecificparametersofmonocyteimmunefunctionneededforcombatingbrucellosis731Inabrucellosiscasestudywitha35year-oldwomansufferingwithsymptomsfor15years,15monthsofvitaminCsupplementationat3,000mgperdayeradicatedherrecurringsymptoms732DailyvitaminCsupplementationat3,000mgeliminatedchronicsymptomsandenableda6-yearbrucellosissufferertoreturntoworkandtoregainthe70poundshelostbecauseofthedisease73211of12brucellosiscasesshowdramaticimprovementwithdailyvitaminCsupplementationat3,000to4,000mg—thenon-responderwastheonlypatientrefusinganoccasionalintravenousinjectionofCtobolstertheoralCdosing732

CadmiumPoisoningDescription:Flu-likesymptomscanresultfromanacuteexposuretocadmiumvapor.Tracheobronchitis,pneumonitis,andpulmonaryedemaresultfrommoreseriousexposure.Inhalationcandamagetherespiratorytractandcausekidneyfailure.Ingestioncancauseimmediatedamagetotheliverandthekidneys.Chronicexposurehasbeenlinkedtocalciumlossinthebones.733

TraditionalApproach:“Theclinicalpictureofchroniccadmiumpoisoningisoneofirreversiblerenaltoxicity…Treatmentofthetoxiceffectsofcadmiumissymptomaticandsupportive.Thereisnoacceptedwaytoreducethebodyburdenofcadmium.”734[Translation:Thereisnoeffectivetreatment.]

StudiesShow:

High-dosevitaminCprovidedsubstantiallybetterprotectionagainstcadmiumpoisoningthanlow-dosevitaminCinguineapigstudies735,736,737VitaminCinhibitstheaccumulationofcadmiuminthebrain,heart,andtestesoftestanimals73893%oflabanimalspretreatedwithvitaminCsurvivedadoseofcadmiumthatwasfatalforallthenon-treatedanimals739VitaminCprovidessignificantprotectionagainstthechromosomaldamageinducedbycadmiumchlorideexposureinculturedmousecells740VitaminCaddedtoanimalfeedlowerscadmiumaccumulationinthekidneyandliverbyupto40%741,742

CancerDescription:Cancerisaclassofdiseasesinwhichagroupofcellsdisplaysuncontrolledgrowth,invadingandsometimesdestroyingadjacenttissues.Initsadvancedstagesitfrequentlymetastasizesorspreadstootherlocationsinthebodyvialymphorblood.Thesethreemalignantpropertiesofcancersdifferentiatethemfrombenigntumors,whichdonotrapidlyproliferate,invadeormetastasize.743

TraditionalApproach:Oftenacombinationofoneormoreofthefollowingisused:surgery,radiation,andchemotherapy.Thetheorybehindradiationandchemotherapyisthatthemorerapidlygrowingcancercellsareless

abletodefendthemselvesfromtoxicassaultthanthenormalcells.Radiationandnearlyallchemotherapydrugsarethemselvescarcinogenic(cancer-causing),sincetheyincreaseoxidativestressinallthecellstreated,notjustthecancercells.744

StudiesShow:

Casestudiesdemonstratesuccessintreatingandevencompletelyresolvingvariouscancerswithhigh-dosevitaminC745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752,753

Inadvancedcancerpatients,high-dosevitaminCtherapycomparedtoconventionaltherapyatonefacilityovera3-yearperiodshows:754

75%betterbreastcancersurvivorrate867%betterlungcancersurvivorrate107%bettercolorectalcancersurvivorrateWhenbreastcancerpatientsmadethisfacilityastheirfirsttreatmentoption,the3-yearsurvivalrateimprovedby134%

High-dosevitaminCenhancestheeffectivenessoftraditionalchemotherapies755,756,757VitaminChasitsowncancercell-killingability,anditalsosignificantlyimprovesthecell-killingabilityofdoxorubicin—evenwhenthevitaminCisgivenatanon-cytotoxicdosage,itstillimprovesthecell-killingabilityofdoxorubicin758

CarbonTetrachloridePoisoningDescription:Althoughonceusedasacommoncleaningsolvent,itstoxicpropertieshavelimiteditscurrentuse.Chronicexposuretocarbontetrachloridecanresultinkidneydamageandcancer.Acuteexposuretohighconcentrationsoftheliquidorvaporcandamagethecentralnervoussystem,aswellastheliverandkidneys.Prolongedexposurecanresultincomaandevendeath.759

TraditionalApproach:Noacceptedantidoteforthispoisoningexists.Twoexperimentaltreatmentsaresometimesused:Hyperbaricoxygenand/orN-acetylcysteine760[aprecursorofglutathione,apowerfulintracellularantioxidantthatisrechargedbyvitaminC]

StudiesShow:

RepeateddosesofvitaminsCandEreducetoxiceffectsofcarbontetrachlorideontheliverinrats761,762VitaminCcanpreventcarbontetrachloridefromcausingliverdamageinrats763TheintravenousinjectionofvitaminCintomicepriortotheadministrationofanLD10(lethaldosefor10%ofthetestgroup)ofcarbontetrachloridecompletelypreventsanydeathsandminimizesthetissuedamagenormallyexpected764VitaminCpreventscarbontetrachloride-inducedgonadaldamageinrats765

Cholesterol(HighLevelsofLDL)Description:Cholesterolismanufacturedbythebody,anditisalsosuppliedviadietaryintake.Itisnecessaryfortheneutralizationofseveraldifferenttoxinsanditisanaturalanti-inflammatoryagent.Unlikecholesterollinkedwithhigh-densitylipoprotein(HDL,“thegoodcholesterol”)thatistransportedtotheliverforexcretion,thecholesterollinkedwithlow-densitylipoprotein(LDL,“thebadcholesterol”)istransportedintoarterialwallsduringtimesofafocalvitaminCdeficiencyinthecoronaryarteries,facilitatingplaqueformation.

TraditionalApproach:Statindrugsareusedas“first-linetherapyforloweringLDLcholesterolinpatientswithdiabetes”aswellasforotherpatientswithhighlevelsofLDLcholesterol.766[Ameta-analysisofstatinstudies

publishedin2011foundthattheevidenceforcost-effectiveprimarypreventionwithstatinsisnotclear-cut.Theauthorscautionedagainstprescribingthesedrugsforprimarypreventionamongpeoplewithlowcardiovascularrisk.767]

StudiesShow:

SerumcholesterollevelsincreasewithavitaminCdeficiency768,769,770,771,772,773,774ExcessivecholesteroldepletesvitaminC775,776,777,778,779,780,781,782Vitaminsupplementationlowersserumcholesterol783High-dosevitaminCstimulatescholesteroltransformationintobile784VitaminCprotectsarteriesfromplaquebuildupeveninthepresenceofhighserumcholesterol785,786

ChromiumPoisoningDescription:SeveralformsofchromiumexistbutthemosttoxicformischromiumVI(hexavalentchromium).Topicalexposuretothismetalcancauseseriousdermititis.Inhalingchromiumcancausebreathingdisorders(likeasthmaattacks)andevenlungcancer.IngestingchromiumVIcancausestomachupset,ulcers,convulsions,kidneydamage,liverdamage,andevendeath.787

TraditionalApproach:“Treatmentofchromiumpoisoningissymptomaticandsupportive.788[Translation:Thereisnoeffectivetreatment.]

StudiesShow:

VitaminCisaneffectiveantidoteforchromiumpoisoninginlabanimalsfrombothinternalandexternalexposures789TopicalvitaminCshortenshealingtimeforchromium-inducedskinulcersinguineapigs790VitaminC-impregnatedfiltersprotectagainstthetoxicityofinhalingchromicacidmist791VitaminCisconsidereda“trueantidote”forhexavalentchromiumpoisoning792Chromate-inducedkidneytoxicityisgreatlylessenedbyvitaminC793VitaminCoffersdefiniteprotectionagainstboththetoxicandmutation-causingeffectsofchromiuminguineapigs794VitaminCiseffectiveatremoving(chelating)chromiumfromthetissuesoflaboratoryanimals795

CommonColdDescription:Alsocalledanupperrespiratoryinfection,thecommoncoldiscausedbyavirusthatispassedfromhumantohuman.Irritationandswellingofthenasalpassagesandsinuses,scratchythroat,andcougharetheassociatedsymptoms.Althoughthecoldisconsideredtobeincurable,itisself-limiting,meaningiteventuallyrunsitscourse.Secondaryinfectioniscommon,andthiscanbeserioustolife-threateningintheveryyoungandtheelderly.796

TraditionalApproach:“Giventheself-limitednatureofcolds,anytreatmentshouldbecompletelysafe…Becausethesubjectivesymptomsofacolddisappearinsevendayswithoutintervention,avarietyofactuallyineffectivetreatments,suchasvitaminCandzincgluconatelozenges,havebeenreportedtobeeffectiveasaresultofinadequate‘blinding’ofplaceborecipients.Herbalremediesarewidelyused,butevidencedoesnotindicateanybenefit.”796

StudiesShow:

VitaminCshortensthedurationofthecommoncold797

ThecommoncoldrequiresmuchmorevitaminCthanpreviouslysuggested—amildcoldrequires30,000to60,000mg;aseverecoldrequires60,000to100,000mg798EarlyloadingofvitaminCatthefirstsignofsymptomsreducescoldandflusymptomsby85%799

VitaminClessenstheseverityanddurationofthecommoncold800,801VitaminCalleviatescold-likesymptoms,delaystheonsetofdisease,anddecreaseschancesofdeathfrominfection802

DiphtheriaDescription:TheCorynebacteriumdiphtheriaeorganismprimarilyinfectstherespiratorytract,resultingininflammationofthetonsils,throat,andlarynx.Exotoxinsproducedbythisinfectioncansometimesdamagetheheartandthenervoussystem.Thediseaseishighlycontagiousandbetween5%to10%ofcasesintheU.S.arefatal.803

TraditionalApproach:Patientsarequicklyquarantinedandtreatedwithlargedosesofanantitoxinobtainedfromhorses.BecauseproductionbyU.S.manufacturershasstopped,nolicensedproductisavailablehere.Antibioticsarealsoprescribedtocombattheinfectionandtolimitthecontinuedproductionofexotoxin.Forallthesereasons,theemphasisinthisdiseasehasbeenpreventionthroughtheuseofvaccination.803

StudiesShow:

LethaldosesofdiphtheriatoxinswerenolongerlethalinguineapigswhenpremixedwithvitaminC—thetoxindoseswithoutaddedvitaminCkilledtheguineapigsin4to8days804VitaminCincreasesresistancetodiphtheriatoxininguineapigs805VitaminCinactivatesdiphtheriatoxininthetesttubeandprotectsguineapigsfromalethaldoseofdiphtheriatoxin806Scurvy-strickenguineapigsinfectedwithdiphtheriashowtwicethemortalityrateasnon-scurvyanimals807SmallintramuscularinjectionsofvitaminCsaved50%ofpigeonsinjectedwithfataldosesofdiphtheriatoxin808Small(1,000to2,000mg)oraldosesofvitaminChavelittleeffectondiphtheriabutlarge,frequentdosesviaintramuscularorintravenousadministrationareabletoroutinelycuretheinfection809Threechildrenwithnasaldiphtheria;allreceivedantitoxininjections—1alsoreceived10,000mgofvitaminCviainjectionevery8hoursfor3dosesandthenevery12hoursfor2moredosesfollowedbyoraldosing;thepatientreceivingthevitaminCwasthelonesurvivor810

Distemper(Cat&Dog)Description:Althoughdifferentviralstrainsareresponsibleforfelineandcaninedistemper,thesymptomsareverysimilar.Infectionisaccompaniedby“runnynose,vomitinganddiarrhea,dehydration,excessivesalivation,coughingand/orlaboredbreathing,lossofappetite,andweightloss.Whenandiftheneurologicalsymptomsdevelop,incontinencemayensue.”811

TraditionalApproach:Mostoftenthetreatmentissimplytomaketheanimalmorecomfortable.Unlesstheimmunestatusoftheanimalisespeciallystrong,thediseaseisoftenfatal,especiallyinveryyoungorolderanimals.Althoughmostdogsarevaccinatedfordistemper,thereisstillahighprevalenceofthediseaseintheU.S.811

StudiesShow:

Twelvepets(cats/dogs)weretreatedwith1,000to2,000mgofintravenousvitaminCperdayfor3days—all12recovered,even2thatweregivennohopeofrecoverybyotherveterinarians812ManydogssufferingwithdistemperwerecuredwithmultigraminjectionsofvitaminCevery2hours813Thetreatmentofdistemperin67dogswithvitaminCproducedexcellentresults814

Dysentery,AmebicDescription:Anameba,Entamoebahistolytica,causesthisprotozoaninfectionthatoftenresultsinintestinalcramps,bloodydiarrhea,abdominalsoreness,painfulstrainingduringbowelmovements,andfever.Theintestinalwallcandeveloplesionsthatsometimesperforatethecolon,oftenresultinginafataloutcome.Theinfectionistransferredbytheingestionofuntreateddrinkingwaterorofcontaminatedfoods.815

TraditionalApproach:Preventionisimportant.Infectionsaretreatedwithanarrayofantimicrobialdrugs.815

StudiesShow:

GuineapigsfedavitaminC-deficientdietareespeciallysusceptibletoamebainfection,evenwhenthemicrobecountintheinoculatingdoseisdecidedlysmall816VitaminC-deficientguineapigsmoreeasilycontractedamebicinfections,hadmoresevereclinicalcourses,andalldied—vitaminCsupplementationinanimalsonthesamedietresultedinmoreresistancetosevereinfection,andasignificantnumbersurvived817106ameba-infectedpatientsreceivingonly150mgofvitaminCdailyexperiencedmildersymptoms818Ameba-infectedpatientstreatedwith500mgofvitaminCdailyhadshorterillnessdurationsandquickerresolutionofsymptomsthanpatientsnotgivenvitaminC819

Dysentery,Bacillary(Shigellosis)Description:BacillarydysenteryiscausedbyfourpathogenicspeciesofShigellabacteria.Infectioncausesasevereirritationofthecolonthatcanresultindiarrhea,bloodystools,abdominalcramping,andfever.Thisextremelycontagiousinfectioncanoccurwiththeingestionofasfewas10to100organismsincontrasttoothergutpathogensthatrequirethepresenceof1,000to10,000organismstoinitiateinfection.Shigellabacteriaarebecomingincreasinglyantibiotic-resistant,andtheinfectioncanstillbepassedbyrecoveringindividualsforuptosixweeksafterallsymptomshavesubsided.820

TraditionalApproach:Maintaininggoodhydration,withwaterandelectrolytereplacement,isnecessary.Mostcasesresolvewithin4to8days.Insevereinfectionssymptomscanlastforuptosixweeks,evenwhenantibioticsareprescribed.812

StudiesShow:

Patientsgiven500to1,000mgofvitaminCbyintramuscularinjectionwerereadilycuredofdysentery—childrenhaving“10to15bloodystoolsperday”wouldclearupin48hours822AdrenallevelsofvitaminCwere60%lowerinmonkeysinthewildthatdiedofnaturally-acquireddysentery,indicatingsignificantvitaminCconsumptionbytheinfection823

VitaminCadministrationprovided100%protectionfromdysenteryinfectioninanimalsinjectedwiththeShigellabacteria824Non-vitaminC-producingmonkeyscandevelopseverescurvyafterbeingexposedtoShigella824

EncephalitisDescription:Encephalitisisaninflammationofthebrainthatcausesdangerousswelling,oftenoccurringasacomplicationofaviralinfection.Virusesthatcancauseencephalitisinclude:herpessimplex,measles,mumps,chickenpox,andWestNilevirus.Anallergicreactiontoavaccination,autoimmunediseases,andcertainbacterialinfectionscanalsocauseencephalitis.Symptomsincludeextremelyhighfever,headache,confusion,drowsiness,stiffneckandback,vomiting,muscleweakness/paralysis,memoryloss,seizures,andevencoma.825

TraditionalApproach:Treatmentofthecausemustfirstbeaddressed.Thefevercanbemanagedwithacetaminophen,ice,andcoolingblankets.“Vigoroussupportandavoidanceofcomplicationsareessential.”826

StudiesShow:

Alethargic,stuporous8year-oldboywastreatedwith2,000mgofintravenousvitaminCafter4daysofsymptomsresultingfromviralencephalitisfollowingthemumps—2hoursaftertheinjectionhisappetiteandenergyreturned;after6hourssymptomsbegantoreturn;moreCwasadministeredbothbyinjectionandorally;thechildmadeafullrecovery827Acaseofviralpneumoniaprogressedtoencephalitisina28year-oldwoman—after14daysandtreatmentwith3differentantibioticsherinitialconditionwasworsening,withanaxialtemperatureof106.8oFandinastuporouscondition;injectionsof4,000mgofvitaminCwereadministeredevery2to3hours;after72hoursclinicalsymptomsweregone828ManypatientsrecoverfromcomatoseencephalitisuponrigorousintravenousvitaminCtreatment829,830,831,832,833

FluoridePoisoningDescription:Fluorideinexcessdamagesdevelopingteethandbones(fluorosis)bypullingoutcalciumandphosphorus.Itcanalsodamagethekidneys,causegeneticdefects,andadverselyaffectthethyroid.Skeletalfluorosisdevelopsfromacontinualexposuretofluoride(inwater,food,anddentalproducts)overmanyyears,sinceonlyabout50%ofthissubstanceisremovedfromthebloodbythekidneys.Theremainderaccumulatesand,overtime,causesmuchdamage.Amiscalculationbyearlyresearcherssubstantiallyoverestimatedtheamountofdailyfluorideintakethatissafe.Acorrectionhasfinallybeenmade,anditshowsthatmanypeopleregularlyingestunsafelevels.Sincemostdoctorsarenotlookingforskeletalfluorosis,itisoftenmisdiagnosedasosteoporosisorarthritis.834

TraditionalApproach:CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,publishedin2008,doesnotprovideanytreatmentrecommendationsfordentalorskeletalfluorosis.

StudiesShow:

Dentalfluorosis(stillconsideredbymanyanirreversiblecondition)canbeeffectivelytreatedwithvitaminC,vitaminD,andcalcium835

VitaminCprotocolmarkedlyreducesfluoridelevelsintheblood,serum,andurine835SkeletalfluorosiscanbereversedaswellwithvitaminC836

Sodiumfluorideinducesdamagetoanimalspermcells,andvitaminCbringsabout

asignificantrecovery837

Hepatitis,AcuteViralDescription:Acutevitalhepatitisisaliverinfectionwithahighlyvariableclinicalpicture,causingminimaltosevereillness.Itoftenresolvesoverafewmonthsbutitisalsocapableofleadingtoastateofchronicinfection.Therearefivevirusesknowntocauseacutehepatitis,designatedAthroughE:838

1.HepatitisAishighlycontagious,spreadlargelyviathefecal-oralroute.

2.HepatitisBandDarespreadmainlythroughtheshareduseofcontaminatedneedlesorintimatesexualcontact.

3.HepatitisCispredominatelyspreadthroughneedleuseandonlyrarelyfromintimatesexualcontact.

4.HepatitisEisspreadviathefecal-oralroute,butisrareintheU.S.,anditisnotascontagiousastypeA.

TraditionalApproach:

1.HepatitisA:Therearenorecommendedtherapiesknowntoshortenoramelioratethecourseofillness.838

2.HepatitisB:Someantiviraltherapyhasbeenused,butitiscontroversial—otherwise,thereisnorecommendedtherapy.838

3.HepatitisC:Peginterferonalfaandribavirinhavebeenshowntobeofsomebenefit838

4.HepatitisD:Nospecifictherapiesareavailable.838

5.HepatitisE:“Therearenoknownmeansofpreventionortreatment…”838

StudiesShow:

IntravenousvitaminCwasgiventoanacutehepatitispatientfor24daysat5,000mgperday;anemiaresolved,whitebloodcellcountandanalysisreturnedtonormal,heregainedappetiteandgainedweight,andhelostalloftheabdominalfluidaccumulatedduetohisliverfailure;mostsignificantwasthecompleteresolutionofinflammatorychangesintheliverasdocumentedbyrepeatedliverbiopsy839AphysiciantreatingmanycasesofacutehepatitiswithintravenousvitaminCreportedthatheneverhadacasefailtorespondtoproperly-dosedtreatment,andheneverhadacaseofC-treatedacutehepatitisdevelopchronichepatitis840Administrationofonly300to400mgofvitaminCdailywithothervitamins(B3,B6,&B12)topatientswithviralhepatitisresultedinsignificantimprovementsinimmuneproteinlevelsinthebloodaswellasinimmunecellfunction841HospitalpatientsreceivedvaryingamountsofvitaminCafterwholebloodtransfusions;ofthe170receivinglittleornovitaminC,12developedhepatitis;of1,367receiving2,000mgofvitaminCormoreperdaypost-transfusion,only3casesofhepatitisdeveloped;representingahugedecreaseintheincidenceofpost-

transfusionhepatitis842Muchacceleratedresolutionofacutehepatitissymptomswerenotedwith10,000mgofvitaminCperday843Excellentresponseandclinicalresolutionwereseenin245childrenwithacutehepatitisgiven10,000mgofvitaminCdaily844Dramaticresolutionofacutehepatitiswasseenina24year-oldpatientwhoreceiveddaily2,000mginjectionsofvitaminCfor6days;thepatientreportedfeeling“completelywell”afteronlythesecondinjection845AdentistwithacutehepatitisBtreatedhimselfwith25,000mgofintravenousvitaminCinconjunctionwith20,000mgbymouthdailyfor5days;extremelyelevatedliverenzymes(SGOT,SGPT,andLDH)reachednear-normallevels;hecontinuedC-treatmentfor5moredays,andreturnedtoworkatthattime846

HerpesDescription:Herpesvirusesincludetheherpessimplexvirustype1(coldsores),type2(genital),varicella-zostervirus(chickenpoxandshingles),Epstein-Barrvirus(mononucleosis),andcytomegalovirus.Herpesvirusesoftenestablishlatentinfection.Forreasonsnottotallyunderstood,theycanremaininaninactivestateforweeks,months,andevenyears,andthenreactivateduringmenstruation,timesofstress,exposuretoUVlight,orduetootherunexplainedcauses.847,848

TraditionalApproach:Herpessimplexvirusescanbetreatedwithantiviraldrugs,themostfrequentlyprescribedbeingacyclovir.Intravenousadministrationisoftenusedinseverecases.Otherwise,aprotocoloforalantiviralmedicationisused.848Asofthiswriting,therearenorecognizedtreatmentprotocolsforEpstein-Barrorcytomegalovirus.

StudiesShow:

OralvitaminCproducesclearremissionofsymptomsinrecurrentherpeslabialis(coldsores)849VitaminC,incombinationwithioniccopper,inactivatesahostofvirusesincludingcytomegalovirusandherpessimplexvirustypes1and2850,851AvitaminC-containingsolutionusedagainstherpeslesionsthateruptonmucousmembranesdemonstratesstatisticallysignificantclinicalandantiviraleffectsinadouble-blind,placebo-controlledclinicaltrial852

Hypertension(HighBloodPressure)Description:Bloodpressureisameasurementoftheforceexertedagainstarterialwallsastheheartpumps.Thesystolicpressureismeasuredastheheartcontracts,anddiastolicpressureistheforceremainingastheheartrests.Systolicpressurethatisregularlyover140isconsideredhigh,asisadiastolicmeasurementof90.Obesity,diabetes,arterialnarrowings,hormoneimbalances,stress,smoking,aswellasotherfactorscancausehypertension.Untreated,thisconditionincreasesthechancesofatheroscleroticplaques,heartattack,stroke,andkidneydisease.853

TraditionalApproach:Lifestylechanges,likedietarychanges,increasingexercise,andcessationofsmoking,arerecommended.Ifthatdoesnotproducetheneededresults,thereareover100antihypertensivedrugsthatmaybeprescribed854—drugsthatthepatientwilloftentakefortheremainderofhis/herlife.

StudiesShow:

VitaminCdeficiencyhasbeenshowntoplayanintegralroleintheactualcausationandsustainingofhighbloodpressure855,856,857HigherbloodlevelsofvitaminCarerelatedtolowerbloodpressurein

humans858,859,860,861VitaminC,incombinationwithotherantioxidants,reducesbloodpressure862VitaminCaloneiseffectiveinloweringthebloodpressureofhypertensivepatients,asestablishedinadouble-blind,placebo-controlledstudy863

LeadPoisoningDescription:Serioushealthproblemscanresultfromrelativelysmallamountsofleadexposure,andathighlevels,leadpoisoningcanbefatal.Symptomsinclude:irritability,lossofappetite,weightloss,fatigue,abdominalpain,vomiting,constipation,learningdifficulties,muscularweakness,headache,highbloodpressure,memoryloss,reducedspermcount,abnormalsperm,miscarriage,andprematurebirth.864

TraditionalApproach:Preventionoffurtherexposurealongwithchelationtherapyisrecommended.Chelationagentsincludecalciumdisodiumethylenediaminetetraaceticacid(CaNa2EDTA)and2,3-dimercaptopropanol(dimercaprol).Succimermaybeusedaswell.865

StudiesShow:

Seventeenworkerswithchronicleadpoisoningweretreatedwithonly100mgofvitaminCdaily—withinaweekorless,mostoftheprominentsymptomsresolved866VitaminCatadailydoseof250mgsignificantlylowersbloodleadlevelsandreversesanenzymeinhibitionassociatedwithleadpoisoning867Inlead-toxicpregnantwomen,acombinationofvitaminCandcalciumphosphatedecreasedtheleadcontentoftheirmilkby15%andtheleadcontentoftheplacentaby90%,relativetountreatedmothers868VitaminCiseffectiveinenhancingthechelationofleadalreadyabsorbed,preventingleadfrombeingabsorbedinthegastrointestinaltract,andenhancingleadeliminationfromthekidneysinrats869,870,871,872,873,874HighserumlevelsofvitaminCareindependentlylinkedtoadecreasedprevalenceofelevatedleadlevelsinlargepopulationstudies875,876LowerdietaryintakeofvitaminCmayfacilitateincreasedbloodleadlevels877VitaminCreducestheretentionofleadinthebodyinhumanvolunteers878PretreatmentwithvitaminCsignificantlylowerstheconcentrationsofleadinthefemur(bone),kidney,liver,andbloodplasmainrats879Thebloodleadlevelsof75adultmalesmokerstreatedwith1,000mgofvitaminCdailyforonly1weekdeclinedby81%880

LeprosyDescription:LeprosyiscausedbythebacteriumMycobacteriumleprae.Itisactuallynotverycontagious.Therearetwocommonformsofthisdisease,tuberculoidleprosyandlepromatousleprosy.Bothformsproducelesionsontheskin,butthelepromatousformismostsevere,producinglarge,disfiguringlumpsandirregularities.Eventually,allformsofleprosycausenervedamageinthearmsandlegs,resultinginareductionofsensationintheskinandmuscleweakness.Oftenthosewithlong-termleprosylosesomeoftheuseoftheirhandsorfeetduetorepeatedtraumaresultingfromthelackofsensation.881

TraditionalApproach:Aprotocolofmultipleantimicrobialagentsisgivenfor12to24months,dependingonthetypeofleprosy.Theresolutionofskinlesionsisoftendelayedaslongas1to2yearsaftercessationoftherapy,andsomeimprovementofnervefunctionmayormaynotoccur.882

StudiesShow:

LeprosypatientsexhibitsignificantreductionsinvitaminCbloodlevels883Overhalfofthe20leprosypatientstreatedwithintramuscularinjectionsofonly50to100mgofvitaminChadpositiveresults884SmalldailyinjectionsofvitaminCinleprosypatientsproducedanimprovedsenseofwell-being,animprovedappetitewithweightgain,fewernosebleeds,andanimprovedtolerancetoprescribedanti-leprosymedications885,886VitaminCproducesa“statisticallysignificant”effectininhibitingthemultiplicationofleprosybacteriainmice887

MalariaDescription:MalariaisarelapsinginfectioncausedbyprotozoaofthegenusPlasmodium.Itistransmittedfrompersontopersonbyinfectedmosquitos.Theparasitestraveltotheliver,wheretheymatureandreleaseanotherformoftheparasite(merozoites).Asthemerozoitesenterthebloodstreamtheyinfectredbloodcells.Whileinsidethebloodcell,theymultiplyfor48to72hoursuntilthecellruptures.Thenewlyreleasedmerozoitestheninfectmoreredbloodcells.Mostsymptomsofmalariaoccurfromtheruptureofmassivenumbersofredbloodcells.Thiscausesareleaseoffreehemoglobinintothebloodstream,andananemiaresults.Symptomsofthisdisease,includingchills,fever,headache,jaundice,musclepain,nausea,vomiting,andbloodystools,usuallymanifestinabout10to28daysafterinfection,butcanbedelayedforuptoayear.Oncethesymptomsappear,theyoccurincyclesof48to72hours.888

TraditionalApproach:Thereareseveralantimalarialmedications,andtheoneorcombinationemployedcandependonwhereandwhenthevictimwasinfected.Hospitalizationandaggressivemedicalsupport,alongwithadequatehydration,aresometimesrequired.888

StudiesShow:

Smallintravenousdoses(1,000mg)ofvitaminCpreventchills,lowerelevatedtemperatures,andimproveoverallsenseofwell-beinginmalariapatients—hemoglobinlevelsandredbloodcellcountsremainstableduringtreatment889VitaminCinjectionslowerparasitecountinbloodby38%andincreasesurvivaltimeby67%inmalaria-infectedmice—largerdosesincreasedsurvivaltimeby133%890

VitaminCinthepresenceofcopperdestroystheparasiticgrowthofPlasmodiumfalciparum,amicroorganismresponsibleforanespeciallyaggressiveformofhumanmalaria891Malaria-infectedredbloodcellsconcentrate2.5timesmorevitaminCthannon-infectedredbloodcells.ThevitaminCselectivelyexertsadestructivepro-oxidanteffectinsidetheinfectedcellswhileproducingthetypicalprotectiveantioxidanteffectsinnormalcells892AsmalldoseofvitaminC,alongwithironsupplementation,acceleratesthenormalizationofanemiaseenwithmalaria,anditincreasesthereticulocytecount893AcaseofacuteblindnessafterintravenousquininetherapycompletelyresolvedwithvitaminC,vitaminBcomplex,andsteroids894VitaminCenhancestheeffectofexifone,anantimalarialdrugusedagainstmultidrug-resistantstrainsofPlasmodiumfalciparum895

Measles

Description:Measlesisahighlycontagiousdiseasecausedbytherubeolavirus.Signsandsymptomsincludethecharacteristicrash,cough,runnynose,eyeinflammation,andfever.Complicationsinclude:earinfection,pneumonia,seizures,andencephalitis.Measles-associatedencephalitisisfatalabout10%ofthetime.896

TraditionalApproach:“Thereisnospecificantiviraltherapywithdemonstratedefficacyagainstmeasles,althoughribavirinhasbeenusedinsomecases.”897

StudiesShow:

VitaminCproducesmorerapidrecoveryofcertainlymphocytesubsetsaffectedinmeasles898Intramusculardose(1,000mg)ofvitaminCgivenevery4hourstoa10month-oldinfantwithreddenedeyesandthroat,highfever(105oF),cough,runnynose,andKoplik’sspots(Koplik’sspotsarethetypicalrashspotsseeninmeaslesthatappearonthemucousmembranesinsidethemouthpriortoskineruptions)—after12hourscoughhadsubsided,redeyesandthroatcleared,andtemperaturenormalized;noexternalmeaslesrasheverdeveloped,andthebabymadeacompleteandrapidrecovery899IntravenousvitaminC(1,000mgevery6hours)providescompleteprotectionfromcontractingmeaslesduringanepidemic—oralvitaminC(1,000mginfruitjuiceevery2hours)failedtoprovidecompleteprotection900VitaminCsuccessfulintreatingmeasles901

MercuryPoisoningDescription:Formostpeople,thebiggestexposuretomercurycomesfromamalgamdentalfillings.Othersourcesincludevaccinationsandseafood.Whencertaintypesofseafoodareeatenregularly,thiscanresultinalargeamountofmercuryintake.Intoxicationcancausebrain,kidney,andlungdamage,anditcanleadtoseveraldiseases.Symptomsofmercurypoisoninginclude:peripheralneuropathy(persistentitching,burning,orpain),sheddingofskin,swelling,andhypertension.902

TraditionalApproach:“Apatientwithmercurypoisoningshouldbeimmediatelyremovedfromthecontaminatedenvironment;thesourceofthemercurymustthenbeidentifiedandremoved.Treatmentisprimarilysymptomaticandsupportive.”903[Translation:Thereisnoeffectivetreatment.]

StudiesShow:

VitaminCpreventsthetoxicloweringofoxygenuptakecausedbymeralluride,anearlymercurialdiuretic904VitaminCinfusionsrangingfrom35,000to50,000mglessenandoftencompletelyblocktheacutetoxiceffectsofmercurywhenamalgamfillingswerebeingremoved—lowerdoses(25,000mg)wouldoccasionallyallowsomesymptomsofacutemercurytoxicitytoemerge905VitaminCaddedtomeralluridegiventodogssignificantlyincreasedthedoserequiredtocausedeath906—vitaminCinlargerdosesprovidesmorepronouncedprotectiveeffectsagainstmercurytoxicity907VariabledosesofbothvitaminCandmercuryinguineapigsresultinanincreasedmercurydepositioninliverandkidneytissues(organsofdetoxificationandexcretion)908PretreatmentwithvitaminCpreventskidneydamageotherwisesustainedbyadministrationofmercuricchlorideinrats909

AmoderatepretreatmentdoseofvitaminCallows40%ofguineapigstosurviveanotherwise100%lethaldoseofmercurycyanide910Testingwith100%lethaldosesofmercurychloridegiventoguineapigsshowsa:911

100%survivalwithvitaminCpretreatmentandcontinuationofvitaminCfor20daysAlmostcompletesurvivalwithpretreatmentonly64%survivalwithnopretreatmentanddailyvitaminCtreatmentfor20daysafterlethalinjection68%survivalwithasinglelargevitaminCdoseafterlethalinjection

VitaminCprotectsplantsfromchromosomedamageagainstthegenotoxicityofmercuricchloride912VitaminCbiodegradesorganicmercurycompoundsinratlivers(biodegradationofmercurygreatlylessensmercurytoxicityinthebody)913

MononucleosisDescription:Mononucleosisisaviralinfectionthatisusuallypassedfromhumantohumaninsaliva.Classically,fever,sorethroat,andswollenlymphglandscharacterizeinfectiousmononucleosis.Othercommonsymptomsincludeheadache,malaise,andlossofappetite.Enlargementofthespleenand/orlivermayoccur.Typically,thefeverlastsabout10days,andtheswollenspleenandlymphnodesreturntonormalinaboutfourweeks.Fatiguemayremainforuptothreemonths.914

TraditionalApproach:“Thegoaloftreatmentistorelievesymptoms.Medicinessuchassteroids(prednisone)andantivirals(suchasacyclovir)havelittleornobenefit.”914[Translation:Thereisnoeffectivetreatment.]

StudiesShow:

Largeoraldoses(20,000to30,000mgdaily)ofvitaminCresolvemononucleosisinweeksratherthanmonths915Mononucleosissymptomscompletelyresolvedwithin1weekwith3dailyvitaminCinjections916High-dosevitaminCgivenintravenouslyhasa“striking”influenceonthetypicallyprolongedcourseofinfectiousmononucleosis917

MumpsDescription:Mumpsisacontagiousviraldiseasepassedthroughcontactwithinfectedsaliva.Theprimarycharacteristicofthediseaseisapainfulswellingofthesalivaryglands.However,theinfectioncanspreadtothecentralnervoussystem,pancreas,andtestes.Symptomsinclude:Swellingoftheparotidglands,facepain,sorethroat,headache,fever,testicularpain,andscrotalswelling.918

TraditionalApproach:“Thereisnospecifictreatmentformumps.Iceorheatpacksappliedtotheneckareaandacetaminophen(Tylenol)mayhelprelievepain.”918

StudiesShow:

Ahigh-dosevitaminCtreatmentprotocolquicklyresolved33outof33casesofmumps—feverwasgoneafter24hours,painwasgoneafter36hours,andtheparotidswellingwasresolvedafter48to72hours919Reportonthedifferingclinicalcoursesof3cousinswithmumpsreceivingdifferenttherapeuticregimens:919

Case#1:7year-oldboygiventhe“oldroutineofbedrest,aspirin,andwarmcamphoroilapplications”—hada“roughtime”foraweekCase#2:11year-oldboywasallowedtodevelophismumpswithoutanytherapytothe“pointofmaximumswelling.”Atthispointhewasgiven1,000mgofvitaminCintramuscularlyevery2to4hours—entirelywellinonly48hoursCase#3:Ina9year-oldgirl1,000mgintravenousvitaminCgivenevery4hourswhenparotidglandswellinghadreached60%ofitsanticipatedenlargement—completelywellin72hours

MushroomPoisoningDescription:Approximately100speciesofmushroomsareknowntobepoisonoustohumans.Fifteento20ofthesespeciesareusuallylethalwhenconsumed.920Symptomsofmushroompoisoningvarysubstantiallydependingonthetoxinspresentintheoffendingmushroom.Theycanincludeeverythingfromgastricupsettolife-threateningorganfailureresultingindeath.Symptomsofpoisoningdonotalwaysmanifestimmediatelyafteringestion—theycanbedelayedfordaysandevenweeks.921

TraditionalApproach:“Intheabsenceofadefinitiveidentificationofthemushroom,allingestionsshouldbeconsideredseriousandpossiblylethal.Oncediagnosed,treatmentofmushroompoisoningislargelysupportive.”922[Translation:Thereisnoeffectivetreatment.]

StudiesShow:

ADr.BastiendevelopedaprotocolformushroompoisoningthatincludesdailyinjectionsofvitaminC(3,000mg)combinedwith2antibiotics(nifuroxazideanddihydrostreptomycin)922TwiceDr.Bastienpubliclyconsumednormallyfataldosesofmushrooms(about70grams)andusedhisprotocoltosuccessfullytreathisownpoisoning922FifteenmushroompoisoningvictimsweresuccessfullytreatedwithDr.Bastien’sprotocol922Dr.Bastien’sprotocolbecamethetreatmentofchoiceatanumberofmedicalcentersinFrance923

NickelPoisoningDescription:Themostcommonnickeltoxicityoccursthroughchronicskincontactwithproductscontainingnickel.Asmanyas30%ofpeoplehaveaskinsensitivitytonickel.Exposuretonickeldustandfumesintheindustrialenvironmenthasbeenlinkedtonose,larynx,andlungcancer.TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyidentifiesnickeldustandnickelsubsulfideasclassAhumancarcinogens.924Inhalationofnickelcarbonylcanresultinpoisoningsymptomsthatincludeheadache,irritability,nausea,vertigo,vomiting,andinsomnia.Seriousintoxicationscaninducepneumonia-likesymptoms,includingchestpain,drycough,sweating,weakness,andrapidheartrate.Whentoxicityreachesthelevelthatmanifestsinthesesymptoms,deathmayresult.925

TraditionalApproach:“Thereisnospecifictreatmentfornickel-induceddermalsensitivity.”924Internaltoxicitycanbetreatedwithchelationtherapy(sodiumdiethyldithiocarbamate)andsupporttherapiessuchasoxygen,corticosteroids,andbedrest.925

StudiesShow:

VitaminCreduceslipidperoxidation(LPO)activityinhumanplateletsexposedtonickelchloride926VitaminCprotectshumanplateletsfromnickel-inducedtoxicity,increasesdesired

plateletclumping,reducesLPOlevels,andincreasesthelevelsofvitaminEandglutathione926VitaminCreducestheLPOactivityinhumanplacentaltissueexposedtonickel927VitaminCdecreasesnickel-inducedDNAdamageinhumanlymphocytecultures928PretreatmentwithvitaminCincreasestheviability(percentliving)ofhumanlymphocytesexposedtonickelsulfate929VitaminCsupplementation(1,000mgdaily)appearstodecreasechromosomedamagetoworkersoccupationallyexposedtonickel930VitaminCrestoresgrowthratesofratsimpairedbytoxicdosesofnickel931ActivitiesofmultipleenzymesintheliverandkidneyofratspoisonedbynickelarerestoredbyvitaminC931

Inrats,vitaminCprovidesprotectionagainstnickel-inducedLPO(oxidativestress),livertoxicity,andreducedantioxidantlevelsintheliver932VitaminCreducesLPOactivityinratsgivennickelchloride933InmicegivenvitaminCwithglutathione,nickel-inducedLPO,alongwithnickelaccumulationintheliver,waslessened934A20%preparationoftopicalvitaminCclearlyhelpsthedermatitisseeninnickel-sensitivesubjects,whilethecommonlyused1%hydrocortisonepreparationhadnosignificanteffect935

Nitrate/NitriteToxicityDescription:Theuseofnitratesandnitritesascolorstabilizersandpreservatives,especiallyinprocessedmeats,increasesthedietaryavailabilityofnitratesandnitrites.Peroxynitriteisahighlyreactivefreeradicalformedbythecombinationofsuperoxideandnitricoxide.Nitrosamines,whichcanbeformedfromnitratesandnitritesintheacidofthestomach,cancausecancer.

TraditionalApproach:SincenitratesandnitriteshavebeenapprovedforuseinfoodbytheFDA,thereisnoacknowledgmentofhealthrisk.Consequently,thereisalsonoperceivedrequirementfortreatmenttopreventorlessentoxicity.

StudiesShow:

VitaminCprotectsagainstseveraltoxiceffectsofperoxynitrite936VitaminCdecreasestheperoxynitrite-inducedcelldeathinbothhumanandmousecellsinculture937CellsaregreatlyprotectedfromthetoxicityofperoxynitritebyvitaminCincombinationwithotherantioxidants(vitaminE,betacarotene)938VitaminCprobablyprovides“adetoxificationpathway”forperoxynitrite939VitaminChasapotentantidoteeffectagainstseveraldifferentperoxynitrite-inducedoxidationreactions940Atrialfibrillation,associatedwithincreasedformationofperoxynitriteaftercardiacbypasssurgery,wascutbymorethan50%in43patientstreatedwithvitaminCfor5daysbeforeand5daysaftersurgery941AdailydoseofvitaminChasanapparentprotectiveeffectagainstthetoxiceffectsofnitratesandnitritesontheliverinrats942VitaminCsuppressesnitrate-inducedoxidantstressindogs943

VitaminCinhibitstheconversionofnitratesandnitritestonitrosamineandothercancer-causingN-nitrosocompoundsinthestomach944,945,946,947InhumanssupplementingwithvitaminC,theappearanceofamonitorednitrosamineintheurineislessened948,949VitaminChelpsblocktheformationofamutagenicN-nitrosocompoundwhenmicearefedhighdosesofnitrate950

NitrogenDioxidePoisoningDescription:Nitrogendioxide(NO2)gasseverelyirritatesthelungsandcancausefluidaccumulationthere.Ifinhaledathighconcentrations,itcanproducepulmonaryedemaandcausedeath.ModerateexposuretoNO2mayproduceshortnessofbreath,cough(sometimeswithblood),andchestpain.Higherconcentrationsmayproduceafatalaccumulationoffluidinthelungs.AchronicexposuretoNO2maypredisposeindividualstochronicobstructivepulmonarydiseases,aswellaspulmonaryinfection.951

TraditionalApproach:Treatmentshouldinclude“removalofthepatientfromthesourceofexposure,provisionofsupplementaloxygen,and,ifneeded,airwaymanagementandventilatorysupport.Beawareoftheriskofexposurewhentreatingpatientsandwearaself-containedbreathingapparatus(SCBA),whenindicated.”952[Translation:Thereisnoeffectivetreatment.]

StudiesShow:

VitaminCandglutathioneinhibitnitrogendioxide’sabilitytoformcancer-causingcompoundsviaitschemicalreactionwithmorpholine953VitaminClessensthemutagenic(mutation-causing)effectsofnitrogendioxideinmice954VitaminC,vitaminE,andbetacaroteneworktogethertoprotectagainstnitrogendioxidetoxicityinguineapigs955

OchratoxinToxicityDescription:Ochratoxinsaretoxiccompoundsproducedbysomespeciesoffungi/molds(e.g.,AspergillusochraceusorPenicilliumviridicatum).OchratoxinAisthemostprevalentoftheochratoxins,anditmaybefoundasacontaminantincereals,coffee,driedfruit,redwine,meat,andmeatproducts.DietaryexposuretoochratoxinAcandamagethekidneysandsometimescausecancer.956

TraditionalApproach:Toxicityfromochratoxinsdoesnothaveaspecifictreatment.

StudiesShow:

VitaminClessensochratoxin-inducedtumorsinthekidneysandliversofrats957VitaminCdemonstratesananti-cancereffectinochratoxin-exposedmousekidneys958VitaminClessensthetoxicityofochratoxininlayinghens959ArelativelysmallvitaminCdosesignificantlylessensspermabnormalitiescausedbyochratoxininmice960

OsteoporosisDescription:Thehealthybodyiscontinuallyreplacingoldbonetissuewithnew.Whenbonereplacementfailstokeepupwitholdboneresorption,osteoporosisresults,withthethinningofbonetissueandthelossofbonedensity.Asapersonages,calciumandphosphatemaybereabsorbedbackintothebodyfromthebones,makingthebonesmorefragileandmorepronetofractures,evenwithoutinjuryortrauma.Often,anindividualisnotawareofaproblemuntil

afractureoccurs.Bythattimeosteoporosisisinitsadvancedstages,anddamageisusuallysevere.961

TraditionalApproach:Oncediagnosed,acomprehensivemanagementplanisfollowedthatincludesosteoporosistherapy,toutedtoreducefractureriskbyasmuchas50%.Estrogenreplacementandbisphosphonatetreatment,alongwithcalcitoninandstrontiumranelate,maybepartofthetreatmentprotocol.Inaddition,calciumandvitaminDarecommonlyrecommended.962(NomentionismadeofvitaminC.)

StudiesShow:

VitaminCimprovesmineralizationofcalciumintobonetissues,inhibitscalciumfrombeingleachedfrombonesintotheblood,andreducesoxidativestressinbonetissues963,964VitaminCstimulatesboneprecursorcellstodevelopintoosteoblastsandinhibitsosteoclastformation965,966Oxidativestressisamajorcauseofosteoporosis967VitaminCisessentialforthecollagencross-linkformationneededtooptimizethephysicalstrengthofthebones968VitaminCsupplementationappearstoreducethebonelossofosteoporosis969,970,971,972,973,974DietaryintakeofvitaminCwithoutsupplementationprovidesnosignificantprotectionfromfracturerisk,whereassupplementationdoessignificantlylowerfracturerisk—thehigherthedose,thelowertheriskoffractures975Elderlypatientswithhipfractureshada“significantlylower”levelofvitaminCinthebloodthanelderlypatientswhohadnotsustainedsuchafracture976AchronicstateofseverevitaminCdeficiency(scurvy)appearsresponsibleforlossofbonemassdensity,andinsomeinstancesincreasedcalciumisexcretedordepositedintotissues,suchasisseeninatherosclerosis977PostmenopausalwomentakingvitaminCsupplementshadgreaterbonemineraldensity978Womenbetweentheagesof55and64yearsofagewhohadtakenvitaminCsupplementsfor10yearsormore—andhadNOTtakenestrogens—hadahigherbonemineraldensitythanthosewhohadnottakenthem979

OzoneToxicityDescription:Ozone(O3)iscommonlyencounteredasanairpollutant.Asanunstableformofoxygen,O3leadsdirectlytooxidativestresswhereitisfound.Moderateexposuretothisgaswillcauseirritationtotheeyesandcancauseinflammationintheairways.

TraditionalApproach:BecauseO3naturallybreaksdownintooxygenoutsideofthebody,themaininterventionistoavoidanyadditionalexposure.Aswell,injurysustainedfromexposuretoitneedstobeaddressed.

StudiesShow:

VitaminCpreventsozone-inducedbronchialhyperreactivityinguineapigs980VitaminCisefficientinpreventingozone-inducedoxidativedamagetoculturedhumanskincells981RegularsupplementationwithbothvitaminCandvitaminEappearsespeciallyimportantforprotectingthedevelopinglungsofchildren982

ParaquatPoisoningDescription:Paraquatisahighlytoxicweedkiller.Inhalationofthisherbicidecandamagethelungs.Exposuretothemucousmembranesofthemouth,thestomach,theesophagus,ortheintestinescancauseseveredamageonthosesites.Aswell,thekidneysandlivercanbedamagedbythistoxin.Swallowingthissubstancecanresultinrapiddeath.Symptomsafterexposuretoparaquatcaninclude:difficultyinbreathing,nosebleed,stomachpain,vomiting,seizures,andshock.Chronicexposuremayleadtopulmonaryfibrosis.983

TraditionalApproach:“Thereisnospecifictreatmentforparaquatpoisoning.Thegoalistorelievesymptomsandtreatcomplications(supportivecare).”983

StudiesShow:

VitaminCimprovessurvivalinparaquat-exposedmice984VitaminCappearstobeveryimportantinmaintainingahighenoughtotalantioxidantstatusinthebloodofparaquat-poisonedpatientstosubstantiallysupporttheirrecoveries985VitaminCandN-acetylcysteinereduceparaquat-induceddeathofculturedhumanlungcells986VitaminCwasableto“drasticallyreduce”thetoxicityofparaquatresultingfromtoxin-inducedoxidativedamageonfrogembryos987VitaminCexertedadose-dependentinhibitionofparaquataccumulationinrabbitkidneypreparations988

Pertussis(WhoopingCough)Description:Pertussisisahighlycontagiousbacterialinfectionthatcausesuncontrollable,violentcoughingthatcanlastforamonthormore.Thecommonnameforthisdiseasecomesfromthe“whooping”soundmadebythosewiththediseaseastheytrytotakeabreath.989

TraditionalApproach:Antibiotictherapycanmakethesymptomsgoawaymorequicklyifstartedearlyenough.“Unfortunately,mostpatientsarediagnosedtoolate,whenantibioticsaren’tveryeffective.”989

StudiesShow:

AcombinationofinjectedandoraldosesofvitaminCreducescoughing,restoresappetite,andstopsvomiting,anditisespeciallybeneficialininfants990VitaminC“definitelyshortens”theseverestsymptomsofpertussis,particularlyifrelatively“large”dosesareusedshortlyafterthefirstsymptomsofthediseaseappear991AnoralvitaminCprotocolwasfoundto“markedly”decreasetheintensity,frequency,andlengthofthecharacteristicpertussissymptoms992VerysmallvitaminCinjections(50to200mg,onceortwicedaily,maximumof12injections)to81childrenwithpertussisproducedthefollowingoutcomes:993

34showedaclearimprovementofsymptomsor“perfecthealing”32showedalessersymptomimprovement15showedan“indeterminate”response

DailyvitaminCinjections(100to500mg)reducedconvulsivecoughingandacceleratedoverallrateofrecoveryinpertussispatients994Treatmentof26pertussis-infectedinfantsandchildrenwithsmalldailyoraldoses

ofvitaminCweredeemed“strikinglyeffective”inthereliefofsymptomsinallbut2patients995

Pesticide/HerbicidePoisoningDescription:Manycompoundshavebeenandcontinuetobeusedforplantandpesteradication.ThepositiveeffectsofvitaminConthetoxicityofthefollowingchemicalshavebeenstudied:

Diquat—moderatelytoxic,contactherbicidethatcanbefatalifswallowed,inhaled,orabsorbedthroughtheskininsufficientquantity996Endosulfan—highlyneurotoxicinsecticidethathasnowbeenbannedinover80countries997Phosphamidon—highlytoxicinsecticidethatactsasancholinesteraseinhibitor998Mancozeb—verylowacutetoxicityfungicide999Dimethoate—moderatelytoxicinsecticide1000Malathion—relativelylowtoxicityinsecticidethathasbeenlinkedtoincreasedriskofattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder1001Parathion—highlytoxicpesticidebannedforuseonmanyfoodcrops1002Lindane—highlytoxicinsecticidethathasnowbeenbannedforagriculturaluseintheU.S.1003

StudiesShow:

Treatmentresultsonyoungboysequallyandheavilyexposedtopesticidesprayfromacrop-dustingairplaneareasfollows:1004

Onechildgiven10,000mgofvitaminCwitha50ccsyringeeveryeighthours—dischargedtohomeonthesecondhospitalday.SecondchildnotgivenvitaminCbutonlyreceived“supportivecare”—developedachemicalburnanddermatitis;diedonthefifthdayofhospitalization

AslongasnormalcellularlevelsofvitaminCaremaintained,anotherwiselethalDiquatexposuretolivercellsdoesnotklllthem1005

Low-dosevitaminClessenstoxiceffectsofendosulfan,phosphamidon,andmancozebonmurinesperm1006

Low-dosevitaminClessenschromosomalabnormalitiesinducedbyendosulfan,phosphamidon,andmancozebinmice1007VitaminCadequatelyprotectsmicefromdimethoate-inducedchromosomalabnormalitiesinbonemarrowerythrocytes1008VitaminCsignificantlylessensbothmalathion-inducedanddimethoate-inducedchromosomalabnormalitiesinmiceandlethalmutationsinDrosophila,agenusofflies1009,1010VitaminCis“veryeffectiveincounteractingthegrowthretardation”andtheevidenceoftoxicityinliverandkidneytissuesinratsexposedtoparathionandmalathion1011

VitaminCblocksthemalathion-inducedanddimethoate-induceddepressionofcelldivisionrateinmousespermcells1012VitaminCsupplementationtolindane-toxicrats“neutralizedthegrowthretardationandmaintainedalmostnormalvalues”ofallliverenzymesstudied1013ArelativelysmalldoseofvitaminCinratsmarkedlylessenstheabilityoflindaneandDDTtoinduceoxidativestressortosuppresstheimmunesysteminredbloodcells1014

Phencyclidine(AngelDust)PoisoningDescription:Phencyclidine(PCP)isahallucinogenic,neurotoxicdrugusedalmostexclusivelyforrecreation.Dependingupontheamountandmethodofadministration,PCPcancauseanalcohol-likeintoxicationtopsychoticbehaviorandconvulsions.1015

TraditionalApproach:“Managementofphencyclidineintoxicationmostlyconsistsofsupportivecare—controllingbreathing,circulation,andbodytemperature—and,intheearlystages,treatingpsychiatricsymptoms.”1015

StudiesShow:

VitaminC(2,000mg)wasgivenintravenouslyevery6hoursincomatosepatientsintoxicatedwithPCPtoacceleratetheirurinaryexcretion1016VitaminCispartofasuccessfultreatmentprotocolfortheeffectsofalow,moderate,orheavyoverdoseofPCP,withintravenousvitaminCrecommendedforhigheramountsofPCPingestion1017VitaminCiseffectiveasanantipsychoticagentwhengiventomenwithPCPintoxication—haloperidolandvitaminCtogetherhadanevenbetterantipsychoticeffectthaneitheronealone1018An11day-oldPCP-toxicbabywassuccessfullytreatedwitharegimenthatincluded250mgofvitaminCevery6hours1019

PhenolPoisoningDescription:Alsoknownashydroxybenzene,phenolisahighlytoxicchemical.Ingestionofevenasmallamount(alethaldoseisbetween3to30grams,butaslittleasonegramcanbefatal)ofphenol-containingchemicalscancauseburningofthemucousmembranes,weakness,pallor,fluidretentioninthelungs,andseizures.Ingestionoflargeramountscanresultinrespiratory,circulatory,cardiac,andrenalfailure.Skinexposurecanresultindermatitisoreventhird-degreeburns.Inhalationcancauserespiratorytractirritationandpneumonia.1020,1021

TraditionalApproach:Thetreatmentofphenolpoisoningcaninvolvemanagementofshockwithfluidsanddopamine,aswellasthetreatmentofarrhythmiaswithlidocaineandconvulsionswithdiazepam.Oxygentherapyandassistedventilationmaybenecessaryforrespiratoryproblems.Administrationofactivatedcharcoalmaybegiventoingestionvictims.1021[Translation:Thereisnospecificallyeffectivetreatment.]

StudiesShow:

VitaminC,alongwiththiamineandcalciumpantothenate,normalizedphenol-inducedlaboratoryabnormalitiesinrats1022PretreatmentwithvitaminCreducesthetoxicityof2-amino-5-chlorophenolinratkidneytissuepreparations1023VitaminC“affordedcompleteprevention”fromseveralofthemeasuredtoxiceffectsof4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenolintheratkidney1024

VitaminCpreventsthereductionofactivityseeninimportantliverdetoxificationenzymesinguineapigsintoxicatedwith2,4-dichlorophenol1025VitaminCcompletelyneutralizeseugenolinsolutionandreducesthetoxicityeugenolexertsagainstsomecelllinesinculture1026VitaminCpreventstoxicityofp-aminophenolwhengiventomice1027VitaminC“completelyprotectedagainstthecelldeath”inducedby4-aminophenolinasuspensionofrabbitkidneycells1028

PneumoniaDescription:Pneumoniaisalunginfectionthatmaybecausedbybacteria,viruses,fungi,orevenaspirationofsubstancesintothelungs.Themostcommontypeofpneumoniainadultsiscausedbystreptococcalbacteria.Symptomsincludeasharpchestpainthatgetsworsewhenyoubreathedeeplyorcough,fever,chills,confusion,andexcessivesweating.1029

TraditionalApproach:Antibioticsaremostoftenprescribedwithoutknowingwhetherthepathogenisbacterialorviral.Aspirinoracetaminophenisoftenusedtocontrolfever,andthepatientisencouragedtodrinklotsoffluidtofacilitatethemobilizationofphlegmandsecretions.Withtreatmentmostuncomplicatedcaseswillimprovewithintwoweeks.1029

StudiesShow:

StreptococcalPneumoniaInrabbits,intravenousinjectionofvitaminCabout10minutesbeforeanintravenousinjectionofpneumococcalbacteriaproduceda“substantial”increaseintheanimals’abilitytoremovethebacteriafromtheblood1030VitaminCeffectivelyinhibitsvirulenthemolyticstreptococciandpneumococcibacteria1031AdequatevitaminCintakepreventsthepneumoniaacquiredbyC-deficientmonkeys1032VitaminCwasfoundtobeofbenefitinthetreatmentofpneumonia,anditwasespeciallyeffectiveinshorteningtheclinicalcourseofthedisease1033,1034,1035,1036,1037,1038,1039Militaryrecruitswithinfluenza,receivingvitaminCsupplements,hadsignificantlyfewercasesofpneumoniacomplicatingtheirflu1040VitaminCdemonstrated“spectacularresults”inanelderlypatientwhodevelopedpostoperativepneumonia1041LambsgivenintramuscularinjectionsofvitaminChad83%lesspneumoniathancontrollambs1042TheincidenceofstreptococciinthetonsilsofchildrenisinverselyrelatedtobloodlevelsofvitaminC—higherlevelsofCareassociatedwithlesstonsillarinfection1031VitaminC(200mg/kgbodyweight/day)significantlyenhancestheabilityofmicetoclearpneumococcalpneumoniabacteriafromtheirlungswithin24hoursaftertheinfectiouschallenge1043Arandomizeddouble-blindplacebo-controlledtrialwith674marinerecruitsshowsthatonly2,000mgofvitaminCdailysignificantlyreducestheincidenceofpneumonia1044

ViralPneumoniaVitaminCprovided“excellent”resultsin3casesofviralpneumoniaand1casetermeda“generalviremia”1045VitaminCusedtotreat42casesofviralpneumoniaproduceda“completeclinicalandx-rayresponse”afteronly3tosevenvitaminCinjections1046Cyanotic(turningblue)patientwithviralpneumoniatreatedwithintramuscularinjectionsofvitaminCevery6hoursappearedtobetotallywellafter36hours1047

PolioDescription:Polio(poliomyelitis)isaviraldiseasethatwasepidemicintheU.S.inthe1940sand1950s.Poliocancauseafullorpartialpermanentparalysis.Thevirusmultipliesinthethroatandintestinaltractafterenteringthroughthemouthornose.Itthenspreadsthroughthebodyviathebloodandlymphsystems.Symptomsusuallydevelopwithin7to14daysafterexposure.1048

TraditionalApproach:Treatmentforpolioislimitedtosymptomreliefandsupportivecare.Oncecontracted,theinfectionisallowedtorunitscoursewithinterventionstoprovidecomfortand,ifnecessary,providerespiratory-support.Theemphasiswiththisdiseaseisonpreventionthroughtheuseofvaccination.1048

StudiesShow:

VitaminCcompletelyinactivatesthepoliovirusinvitro,renderingitnon-infectiousevenwhensubsequentlyinjecteddirectlyintothebrainsofmonkeys1049SmalldosesofvitaminCproduceasignificantreductionintheincidenceofparalysisinmonkeysafterpoliovirusinjectionintothebrain1050VitaminCkillspoliovirusininfectedmonkeys105160outof60casesofpoliocuredwithin72hourswithhigh-doseinjectionsofvitaminC(6,000to20,000mgperday)withnoresidualeffects1052VitaminC(10,000to20,000mgdaily)shortensseverityanddurationoffeverandlengthofillnessinpoliopatients1053OralvitaminC(10,000mgperdose)asoftenasevery3hoursin5poliopatientsproducedexcellentclinicalresults1054VitaminC,alongwithhydrogenperoxide,inactivatesthepoliovirus1055VitaminCcompletelycureda5year-oldgirlwithaconfirmedandveryadvancedcaseofpolio:1056

Paralyzedinbothherlowerlegsforover4daysRightlegwascompletelyflaccid(limp)Leftlegwasdeterminedtobe85%flaccidPainwasnoticedespeciallyinthekneeandlumbarareasBythe19thdayoftreatmenttherewasa“completereturnofsensoryandmotorfunction,”andnolong-termimpairmenteverresulted

PCBToxicityDescription:Polychlorinatedbiphenylcompounds(PCBs)areorganiccompoundsthatwerefoundtobeextremelytoxic.TheywerebannedfromproductionintheU.S.in1979.PCBscausecancerinanimals,andtheylikelycausecancerinhumansaswell.ItappearsthatPCBsmightberesponsibleforbirthdefectsandadversedevelopmentaleffects.Theycanalsonegativelyimpacttheendocrinesystemandtheliver.Anelevatedexposureriskoccurswiththe

consumptionofcontaminatedfish.1057,1058

TraditionalApproach:Treatmentislimitedtoremovalfrom,orpreventionofexposureto,PCBs.

StudiesShow:

IncreasedvitaminCisusefulincounteractingPCBtoxicity1059,1060VitaminCisneededforthegeneralsupportandmaximuminductionofseveralliverenzymesystemsneededtodetoxifyPCBandothertoxins1061,1062,1063,SupplementingwithvitaminCprovides“adefiniteprotection”againstthetoxin-inducedchangesinthemicroscopicappearanceofratlivercells1064

PseudomonasInfectionsDescription:Pseudomonasisagenusofgram-negativebacteriathatisparticularlyresistanttoantibiotics.Foundnearlyeverywhere,itfavorsmoistenvironments.Itisresponsibleformanynosocomialinfections(infectionscontractedinamedicaltreatmentfacility),anditisoftenresponsibleforsepsis1065(awidespread,advanced,life-threateninginfection).“ReportsofmoreresistantstrainsofPseudomonasorganismstothecurrentlyusedantimicrobialsarecausingmuchconcern.”1066

TraditionalApproach:Avarietyofantibioticsareemployeddependinguponthelocationoftheinfection.1066

StudiesShow:

VitaminC,withnitrite,markedlyinhibitsthegrowthofPseudomonasaeruginosainhumanurine1067AcombinationoforalandintravenousvitaminCcuresPseudomonasinassociationwithsevereburns1068ThetopicalapplicationofvitaminCalongwithantibioticsensuredtheabsenceofPseudomonasaeruginosafromatreatedbedsore1069,1070Pseudomonasaeruginosabecomes“increasinglysusceptible”totheeffectsof5differentantibioticswhensimultaneouslyexposedtovitaminC1071

VitaminC,incombinationwithsulfamethoxazoleandtrimethoprim,killsPseudomonasaeruginosaefficientlyinvitro1072VitaminCinhibitsthegrowthof16differentstrainsofPseudomonasaeruginosainthetesttubeaswellascuringmiceinfectedwithPseudomonasaeruginosa1073PseudomonasaeruginosalunginfectionsincysticfibrosispatientsareeasilycontrolledwithacombinationofvitaminCandantibiotictherapy1073

RabiesDescription:Rabiesisadeadlyviralinfectionthatisspreadviainfectedanimalsalivathatentersthebodythroughabiteorthroughbrokenskin.Mostcasesofhumanrabiesnowcomefromthebiteofbatsorraccoons.Foxesandskunkshavealsobeenknowntospreadthedisease.Theincubationtimetypicallyrunsfrom3to7weeks.Oncesymptomsappear,thediseaseisalmostalwaysfatal.1074

TraditionalApproach:Arabiesvaccineadministeredpromptlyandappropriatelyalmostalwayspreventstheonsetoftheinfection.1074

StudiesShow:

VitaminCinactivates(kills)therabiesvirus1075VitaminCwasfoundtobeeffectiveinthepreventionofrabiesinguineapigs1076

RadiationToxicityDescription:Radiationisenergytransmittedbywavesand/orbyparticles,suchaselectrons,neutrons,andprotons.Sunlightisanaturalformofradiation,whereasx-rays,cancertreatment,andnuclearpowerplantsinvolveman-maderadiation.Exposuretosmallamountsofradiationoveralongperiodoftimeincreasesoxidativestressandtheriskofcancer.Largerdosesofradiationovershorterperiodsoftimecancauseburnsand/orradiationsickness.Ifanexposureislargeenough,itcancausedeathimmediately.1077,1078

TraditionalApproach:Treatmentofacuteradiationtoxicityis“generallysupportivewithbloodtransfusionsandantibiotics.”1078[Translation:Thereisnoeffectivetreatment.]

StudiesShow:

AsmallamountofvitaminCsubstantiallyincreasessurvivalratefromwholebodyionizingradiationinrats1079VitaminsC,E,andAreducethe“normal”ionizingradiationdamageinflictedonthebonemarrowbytheradioimmunotherapyusedinthetreatmentofcancer1080AfterenoughvitaminCisadministered“theradiationdosegiventocancerpatientscouldbeincreasedwithoutincreasingacutecomplicationsbutwithanexpectedincreaseintumor-controlprobability”1081VitaminsCandEsuccessfullytreatedthesymptomsofchronicradiationproctitisin20patientsreceivingcoursesofpelvicirradiationforcancerinthatareaofthebody:1082

Bleeding,diarrhea,andpainalllessened7of20reported“returntonormal”10patients“reportedasustainedimprovementintheirsymptoms”1yearlater

Forpatientsreceivingradiationtherapy,“asufficientlylargedailydoseofascorbicacid,giveneitherintravenouslyorbymouth,canpreventorminimizethefallofwhitebloodcellswhichfollowsX-rayexposure”and“alsoimprovesconsiderablythegeneralconditionofthepatient,andX-raysicknessisveryslightorentirelyabsent”1083VitaminClessensfreeradicalloadwhengivenpriortoirradiation;evenwhengiven20hoursafterirradiationitstillreducesmutationfrequencyinhumancellstudies1084VitaminsCandEreducechromosomedamageinducedinmicebygammaorx-rayirradiation1085,1086,1087VitaminCservestoprotectagainsttheradiationdamageofeitheraccidentalorintentionalmedicalexposures1088Irradiation-inducedchromosomaldamagetomiceisreducedbyacombinationofvitaminC,vitaminE,andbetacarotene1089AcombinationofvitaminC,vitaminE,andbetacaroteneincreases“theefficiencyofDNArepair”inthespleenofirradiatedmice1090VitaminCsignificantlysuppressestheX-ray-inducedtransformationofculturedmousecellsintocancercells1091VitaminCandvitaminEtakenorallyoffersignificantprotectionagainstultravioletradiationdamage(sunburn)inhumans1092,1093Atopical(versusingested)applicationofvitaminsCandEprovidedcomplete

protectionagainsttheincreaseinlipidperoxidation(oxidativestress)inducedbyUVB(ultravioletlight,typeB)exposureinpigskin1094InjectingavitaminCderivativepriortoUVBexposuresignificantlyreducesanumberofthelaboratoryindicesofincreasedoxidativestress1095VitaminCsupplementation“ledtoasignificantandremarkablereductionoftheUVB-induceddamage”inaparticularbiologicalmodel1096AstablevitaminCderivativeimproveshumanskincellsurvivalsignificantlyafterUVBexposurewithfewerlargeDNAfragmentsinthedebrisofcellsthatwerekilled1097VitaminCexhibitsasignificantprotectiveeffectonlipidperoxidationandDNAstrandbreaks,anditprovidesa“considerablyhighersurvivalrate”instudieswithirradiatedbacteria1098VitaminCpretreatmentsignificantlylessensmicroscopicevidenceofchromosomaldamageinirradiatedmiceandirradiatedmousespleencells1099VitaminCdecreasestheincidenceanddelaystheonsetofskincancerlesionscausedbyUVlightexposureinmice1100“Regardlessofthedetailofthemechanism,theevidencepresentlyavailabledemonstratesthatvitaminCisaradioprotectiveagent”1101

SeleniumPoisoningDescription:Seleniumisabsorbedviathelungsandthegastrointestinaltract.Chronic(long-term)exposuretohighlevelsofseleniuminfoodandwatercanproduceskindiscoloration,deformationandlossofnails,lossofhair,excessivetoothdecayanddiscoloration,lackofmentalalertness,andlistlessness.

TraditionalApproach:Removalfromthesourceofexposure,alongwith“symptomaticandsupportivecare”areindicated.“Chelatingagentsarenotuseful.”1102

StudiesShow:

IntramuscularandoralvitaminCalongwithdimercaprolsuccessfullytreatedtheacuteseleniumpoisoningofa15year-oldgirl—shehadintentionallyswallowedsodiumselenate“manytimestheminimumlethaldose”foranimals.Herbloodlevelswerefoundtobe“atleast”20timeshigherthanthenormalrange1103SeleniumpoisoninginratslowersvitaminClevels,andthelevelsofselenides(seleniumcompounds)inpoisonedanimalsarereducedbyvitaminCsupplementation1104VitaminCpreventsexpectedselenium-induceddamagetoculturedendothelialcellswhengiveninconjunctionwithseleniousacid,aseleniumcompound1105IncreaseddietaryvitaminClessensthegrowthretardationinducedbyhighlevelsofseleniuminchicks1106Inmice,vitaminCprotectsagainsttheselenium-inducedlossofhemoglogin,anditsignificantlydecreasesthedepositionofseleniumintheliversandbrainsoftheanimalsreceivingdiphenyldiselenide1107

Shingles

Description:Afteracaseofchickenpox,thevirus(herpeszoster)canremaindormantinaperson’snerves.Whenthevirusbecomesactiveagainthroughamyriadofpossiblecauses,itproducesapainful,blisteringskinrash.Theblistersbreak,formingsmallulcersthatdryandformcrusts.Thesefalloffin2to3weeks.Additionalsymptomsmayoccur,includingswollenglands,jointpain,chills,fever,genitallesions,headache,hearingloss,andabdominalpain.1108

TraditionalApproach:Treatmentwithhighdosesofanantiviraldrugmayshortenthecourseofthedisease.Allothertherapiesonlyprovidesymptomaticrelief.1109

StudiesShow:

VitaminCinjectionssuccessfullytreated14casesofshingles1110Aseriesofeightadultswithshinglesweresuccessfullytreatedwith2,000to3,000mginjectionsofvitaminCevery12hours,alongwith1,000mgorallyevery2hours—theseverepainassociatedwiththeskinlesions(oftenlastingforweeks)wascompletelygoneinsevenofeightpatientswithin2hoursofthefirstvitaminCinjection1111,1112,1113VitaminCsuccessfullytreats327of327shinglecases—completeresolutionofthediseaseinallpatientswasseenwithin72hoursofthefirstinjection1114

Staphylococcal(Staph)InfectionsDescription:TheskinandnearlyeveryorgancanbeinfectedwithStaphylococcus(Staph)bacteria.Nosocomialinfections(contractedinahospital)arecommonlycausedbyStaph,whichareoftenantibiotic-resistant.Theseverityofinfectioncanrangefrommildskinoutbreaks(cellulitis,folliculitis,orimpetigo)tolife-andlimb-threateningsepsis.MuchofthedamagefromStaphisproducedbythetoxins(exotoxins)itreleasesintothebloodandtissues.1115

TraditionalApproach:Awiderangeofanitbioticsareprescribeddependinguponwheretheinfectionwascontractedandwhereitmanifests.1116

StudiesShow:

VitaminCsignificantlyincreasesabilityofbroilerchickenwhitebloodcellstokillStaphylococcusaureusinthetesttube1117VitaminCeffectivelyinhibitsStaphylococcusaureusgrowth1118IntravenousinjectionsofvitaminC(500to700mg/kgbodyweight)producedpromptresolutionofstaphylococcalinfections1119VitaminCrendersStaphylococcus-relatedtoxinharmless1120After3yearsoffailedattemptstohealaskinlesioninfectedbyStaphylococcusaureuswithconventionaltherapies,vitaminCtherapyprovidedcompleteresolutionwithinweeks1121VitaminCmakesantibiotic-resistantStaphylococcusaureustreatablewithantibiotics1122,1123VitaminC(375mg/kgbodyweight/day)allowsweightgainandproduceslowermetabolicratesinburnedguineapigsinfectedwithStaphylococcusaureus1124

Streptococcal(Strep)InfectionsDescription:Therearetwotypesofstrepinfection.StrepgroupAcausesstrepthroat,scarletfever,tonsillitis,earinfections,impetigo,toxicshocksyndrome,cellulitis,andnecrotizingfasciitis(“flesh-eatingdisease”).StrepgroupBcausesbloodinfections,lunginfections,skininfections,andbone/jointinfections.1125Strepbacteriaaregrowingincreasinglyresistanttoantibiotics.

TraditionalApproach:Penicillinanditsderivatives,alongwithcephalosporinsanderythromycin,arecommonlyused

antibiotics.1126

StudiesShow:

GeneralInfectionsVitaminChadakillingeffect(“bactericidal”)onStreptococcusfaecalisinurine1127IntravenousvitaminC(500to700mg/kgbodyweight)cures“hemolyticstreptococcus”infections1128VitaminC-deficientguineapigsaresignificantlymorelikelytocontractseverestreptococcalinfectionsthatoftenresultindeath1129

KidneyInfectionsChildrenwithstreptococcalkidneyinfectionshavesignificantlylowerlevelsofvitaminCintheplasmaandredbloodcellsandsignificantlaboratoryevidenceofincreasedoxidativestress1130

MiddleEarInfectionsIntramuscularinjectionsofvitaminCprovidedastrikingsuccessintreating10patientswithotitismedia,amiddleearinfection,overaone-yearperiod—“allshowedsignsofimprovementwithin12hoursandhadresolvedwithin4to5days”—furthermore“theresultsweretoostriking”toevenquestion“thetherapeuticeffectoftheparenteraladministration”ofvitaminC1131

RheumaticFeverVitaminCproduceddramaticandrapidresolutionofadvancedrheumaticfeverinsevenpatients1132Low-dosedailyvitaminCsupplementationin335studentsoverseveralmonthscomparedtoalarger,butsimilargroupofnon-supplementersproducedthefollowingresults:1133

Group RheumaticFever Pneumonia

Control 16cases 17cases

VitaminC 0cases 0cases

ScarletFeverIntravenousandoralvitaminCtogetherproduceddramatic,successfulresponsesinseveralcasesofscarletfever1134VitaminCadministrationproducedaveryrapidclinicalresponsein3casesofscarletfever1135

Tonsillitis/ThroatInfectionsVitaminCsupplementationlessenedtheincidenceofpositivebeta-hemolyticstreptococcithroatculturesinadouble-blind,placebo-controlledtrialwith868children1136

StrychninePoisoningDescription:Strychninepoisoningcanoccurbyinhalation,swallowing,orabsorptionthroughtheeyesormouth.

Withinminutesofexposurethemusclesbegintospasm,startingwiththeheadandneckandthenmovingtotheothermusclesthroughoutthebody,resultinginnearlycontinuousconvulsions.Deathcanensuewithin2to3hours,causedbyaninabilitytobreathesecondarytoapoisoningofthenervesthatcontrolbreathing,orultimatelybyexhaustionfromtheconvulsions.1137

TraditionalApproach:“Thereisnospecificantidoteforstrychnine.”Ifcaughtintime,activatedcharcoalisgivenbymouthtoabsorbanystrychninestillremaininginthegut.Anticonvulsantsandmusclerelaxantsaregiventocounteractconvulsionsandmusclerigidity.Ifthepatientsurvivespast24hours,recoveryisprobable.1137

StudiesShow:

VitaminC“inveryhighdosesshowsprotectionagainststrychnine”(invitro)1138Strychninetoxicityisgreatlyincreasedinscurvy-stricken(vitaminC-deficient)guineapigs1139VitaminC“completelycounteractedtheconvulsiveandlethalactionsofstrychnine,”andtheprotectiveactionofvitaminCwas“directlydependentontheplasmaascorbicacidlevel”(invivo-mice)1139VitaminCsignificantlylessenstheabilityofstrychninetoproduceatetanus-likeconditioninyoungchicks1140

TetanusDescription:Tetanus,commonlycalled“lockjaw,”iscausedbythebacteria,Clostridiumtetani.Thesporesofthisbacteriacanbefoundinsoilallovertheglobe.Theinfectiontypicallystartswhenthesesporesenterawoundintheskin.Onceinsideanoxygen-deprivedenvironment,thesporesreleasethebacteria,whichthenexpressaverypotentexotoxincalledtetanospasmin.Thistoxinaffectsthenervoussystem,causingseveremusclespasms.Thesymptomsofinfectionoftenappearfrom1to3weeksaftertheintroductionofthesporesintothebody.Withouttreatment,about1in4victimswilldiefromtetanus.1141

TraditionalApproach:Tetanusantitoxinisadministered,alongwiththeprovisionofrespiratorysupport,autonomicnervoussystemsupport,passiveandactiveimmunization,surgicalcleaningoftheportalwound,andantibiotics.Despiteantitoxintreatment,“theremaybeclinicalprogressionforabouttwoweeks,”andtheremightbeashighasa60%mortalityrate,evenwithexpertcare.1142

StudiesShow:

VitaminCneutralizestetanustoxininthetesttube1143VitaminCaddedtogrowingculturesoftetanusbacteriareducesthetoxicityofthoseculturesinproportiontotheamountofvitaminCadded1144VitaminCcuredtetanusina6year-oldboyalreadydemonstratingveryadvancedmusclespasmsandothersymptomsfromtheproductionoftetanustoxinandtheprogressionoftheinfection1145VitaminC,withouttetanusantitoxin(whichcarriesitsowntoxicity),completelyneutralizestetanustoxininratsinjectedwithtwicetheminimallethalamount1146Inananimalmodel,adequatedosesofvitaminCgivenpriortotetanustoxinadministrationprovecompletelyprotectiveinpreventinganymanifestationoftoxicity1147IntravenousvitaminC(22,000to24,000mgperday)cureda6year-oldboywithtetanus—thetoxicityoftheantitoxindelayedrecovery1148Effectivenessanddose-dependentrelationshipofvitaminCinthetreatmentoftetanus—controlgroupreceivedantitoxinalone,allC-groupsubjectsreceivedantitoxinandonly1,000mgvitaminCintravenouslydaily1149

Group Outcome

Ages1-12w/novitaminC 75%died

Ages1-12w/1,000mgvitaminC 0%died

Ages13-30w/novitaminC 68%died

Ages13-30w/1,000mgvitaminC 37%died

ToxicDrugsDescription:Nearlyallofthedrugsprescribedtodayhaveanassociatedtoxicity.HereisalistofcommondrugswithknowntoxicitiesthathavebeensuccessfullyneutralizedwithvitaminCalone,orwithvitaminCinconjunctionwithothersubstances.Ashortdescriptionofeachdrugwillappearwitheachentryonthelist.

StudiesShow:

Acetaminophen(Thispainreliever/feverreducergoesbynumerousnamesbutthemostcommonisprobablyTylenol®)1150Overdosewiththisdrugisacommoncauseofliverfailureandcanbefatal.Evenatthemaximumrecommendeddailyadultdosesizeof4,000mg,rarecasesofacuteliverinjuryhavebeenseen.1151

VitaminC(1,000mg/kgbodysize)giveneither1hourbeforeor1hourafteradoseofacetaminophenthatkillsalargenumberoflivercellshadapronouncedprotectiveeffectinmice1152VitaminC,N-acetylcysteine,andDL-methionineallowedtheclinicalrecoveryofa“moribundandcyanotic”catthatingestedafataldoseofacetaminophen14hoursearlier1153

Acetanilide,aniline,andantipyrineVitaminCsupplementationsubstantiallyreducesthehalf-lifeofacetanilide,aniline,andantipyrineseeninvitaminC-depletedguineapigsbecausevitaminCrepletionincreasesthehydroxylationrateforeachchemical1154

ArsphenamineThisdrugcontainsorganicarsenicandwasthefirstmodernchemotherapeuticagent(1910s).Itwasusedtotreatsyphilisandtrypanosomalinfections.Becauseoftheserioussideeffectsandtoxicity,thearsenicalcompoundswerereplacedbypenicillininthe1940s1155

AdietrichinvitaminCinhibitsthetoxicreactiontoanarsphenaminecompound(neoarsphenamine)inguineapigs1156IntravenousvitaminCshortenedtherecoverytimeof3patientswitharsphenamine-relateddermatitis1157

Chloroformwasusedforgeneralanesthesiainthe1800sbecauseofitsabilitytodepressthecentralnervoussystem.Itwassoonreplacedwithetherbecauseofitscardiactoxicityandtheassociatedfatalcardiacarrhythmias.Today,chloroformisusedtoproducethenon-sticksubstanceknownasTeflon®1158

VitaminCneutralizeschloroformtoxicityinmicegivenadosethatwouldotherwisekill50%ofthem:1159

-400mg/kgbodyweightreduceddeathrateto40%

-600mg/kgbodyweightreduceddeathratetoonly10%

-1,000mg/kgbodyweightproduced100%survivalrate

Cisplatinisachemotherapydrugusedtotreatawidevarietyofcancers.Thisdrugcancausechromosomaldamageinimmunecells,aswellasseverekidneydamage1160

VitaminCreducedtheabilityofcisplatintoinducechromosomaldamageinhumanlymphocytecultures1161VitaminCprotectsagainstcisplatin-inducedchromosomaldamageinmousebonemarrowcells1162VitaminCprotectsratkidneysfromthetoxiceffectsofcisplatininadose-dependentmanner1163VitaminC,whenadministeredwithvitaminE,providesevenmoreprotectionfromcisplatin-inducedkidneytoxicityintherat1165Antioxidanttreatment,includingvitaminC,lessenscisplatin-inducedhearingdamagecausedbyincreasedoxidativestressinrats1166,1167VitaminCprotectsagainstcisplatin-inducedLPOandotherindicatorsofoxidativestressinbloodplatelets1168

Cyclophosphamide(alsoknownasCytoxan®)isachemotherapydrugusedtotreatahostofcancers.Itcanbeadministeredinpillformorbyintravenousinfusion.1168Aswithallchemodrugs,thereareserioussideeffectsandtoxicityassociatedwithit

VitaminCandtheophyllinetherapyallowsapatienttosurviveacutecyclophosphamidetoxicity1169VitaminCsupplementationnormalizeselevatedlevelsof2commonliverenzymes(SGOTandSGPT)inducedbycyclophosphamide1170Co-administrationofvitaminCwithcyclophosphamidetreatmentcorrectssignificantlipidabnormalities,includingsubstantialincreasesintotalcholesterol/triglyceridesandreductionofHDL-cholesterolcausedbythisdruginrats1171VitaminCiseffectiveinreducingthemicroscopicevidenceofcyclophosphamide-inducedchromosomaldamageinmice1172VitaminCexhibits“asignificantantimutageniceffect”againstthetoxicityofcyclophosphamideinmiceandlargervitaminCdoseshavethemoststrikingantitoxiceffects1173VitaminC(800mg/kgbodyweight)significantlyloweredthecyclophosphamide-inducedchromosomalabnormalitiesinpregnantmice1174VitaminC(upto1,600mg/kgbodyweight)reduceschromosomaldamagefromcyclophosphamideinpregnantmice1175VitaminC(3,340mg/kgbodyweight)hadnotoxiceffectsandproduced“aprotectiveeffectagainstthetoxicmanifestationsofcyclophosphamide”inpregnantmice,withalloffspringbeingmorphologicallynormal1176

Cyclosporineisgenerallygiventosuppressimmuneresponse.Itisprescribedfororgantransplantpatients,rheumatoidarthritissufferers,andtotreatpsoriasis.Itcancauseawidearrayofsideeffects1177

VitaminsCandElessencyclosporine-inducedkidneydamageandincreaseoxidativestressinrabbitstreatedwithcyclosporine1178VitaminCandN-acetylcysteinelessencyclosporine-inducedcelldeathinhumanlymphocytecultures1179VitaminsC(equivalentto100,000mgperdayfora200-poundman)andEprolongthesurvivaloftransplantedheartsinratsgivencyclosporine1180,1181

Digoxin(alsoknownasLanoxin®)isprescribedtocontrolheartrateandimproveheartfunction.Digoxintoxicitycanbefatal1182

VitaminCsignificantlysuppressesmanifestationsofdigoxin-inducedtoxicityingoatlivertissue1183

Doxorubicin(alsoknownasAdriamycin®)Thischemotherapeuticdrugisusedtofightvariouscancers,anditisadministeredintravenously.Itcancausesevereheartdamageevenyearsafterthediscontinuationofthedrug.Anexceptionallypotentchemotherapyagent,itisalsoexceptionallytoxic1184

VitaminsCandElessentheamountoflipidperoxidationinitiatedbydoxorubicininrats1185VitaminCsignificantlyprolongsthelifespansofmiceandguineapigstreatedwithdoxorubicin,whilepreservingtheantitumoreffectofthedrug1186VitaminCimprovesthecancercell-killingabilityofdoxorubicininculturedhumanbreastcancercells1187Benzylideneascorbate,aderivativeofvitaminC,veryeffectivelydecreasestheheartenzymeelevationsassociatedwithdoxorubicin-inducedtoxicityinmice1188Inanimalstested,vitaminCsignificantlyprolongsthelifespanandreducesthedoxorubicin-inducedcardiactoxicitywithoutdiminishingdoxorubicin’santitumoractivity1189Wheninjectedundertheskinofpigs,vitaminCcombinedwiththedoxorubicindecreasesulcerincidencefrom87%to27%1190

VitaminC“significantlydecreasedthefrequency”ofdoxorubicin-inducedchromosomedamageinratbonemarrowcells1191VitaminCprotectionagainstdoxorubicin-inducedchromosomedamageis“dependentonthedoseused”inratbonemarrowcells1192

Iproniazidwasusedasanantidepressantstartinginthelate1950s.Itisnolongerused,asitwasfoundtocauseliverdamage1193

VitaminCsignificantlyinhibitstheiproniazid-inducedincreaseinfreeradicalsseeninrats1194AdministrationofvitaminC“remarkably”lowersiproniazid-inducedcelldeathintheliverofrats“bothquantitativelyandqualitatively”1195

Isoproterenol(alsoknownasIsuprel®)issimilarinstructuretoadrenaline.Abetareceptoractivator,itisusedtotreatheartblockandbradycardia.Apotentcardiacstimulant,thisdrughasresultedincardiacarrest1196

Inculturedratheartcells,vitaminClessensisoproterenol-induceddamage1196,1197,1198,1199,1200Isoproterenoltoxicityresultsinthegradualaccumulationofcalciuminsiderat

heartcells;vitaminCblocksmuchofthisintracellularincrease1201Magnesiumascorbate,amineralsaltofvitaminC,demonstratesprotectiveeffectsagainstisoproterenol-inducedcardiactoxicityinrats1202

Neoarsphenamineisanarsenic-containingdrugthatwasusedfrom1912intothe1940sforthetreatmentofsyphilis.Atthattimethisdrugwasreplacedwithpenicillinbecauseofneoarsphenamine’sserioussideeffects.1203

GuineapigsonalowvitaminCdiethaveadramatictoxicresponsetoneoarsphenamine;whengivenmuchlargeramountsofvitaminCtheseanimalsareprotectedfromsuchtoxicity1204VitaminCsignificantlyreducesthetoxicityofneoarsphenamineinrats1205AhighbloodconcentrationofvitaminCisnecessarytoproduceadetoxifyingeffectoncirculatingneoarsphenamine1206AdditionofvitaminCtoaskinpatchusedtotestforallergicsensitivitytoneoarsphenaminecancompletelyeliminatetheskinreaction,eveninpatientswhowerealreadyknowntobehighlysensitivetothedrug—theauthorssuggestthatifenoughvitaminCwasgivenalongwiththeneoarsphenaminewhentreatingtheirsyphilispatients,mostofthetoxicreactionsthatmightotherwiseoccurcouldbegreatlylessenedorprevented1207AftervitaminCwasaddedtotheirneoarsphenaminetreatmentforsyphilis,theinfectionappearederadicatedin10of14patientswhohadbeenillbetween8monthsand20years1208

Sulfadrugsareaclassofmedicinesthatcontainthesulfonamidegroup.Sulfadrugshavebeenusedforantimicrobial,diuretic,anticonvulsant,anddermatologicalapplications.Thesedrugshaveavarietyofadverseeffects,somelife-threatening1209

AtinydoseofvitaminCproduced“astounding”resultsfromsulfapyridine-inducedsideeffectsina5year-oldboy1210VitaminCproduced“arapidanduneventfulrecovery”fromsulfanilamidetoxicityinamiddle-agedfemalewhodevelopedarashoverherentirebodyand“mucousmembranes”fromtheuseofa“sulfaointment”forasoreonherhand1211VitaminCprotectsagainstsulfanilamide-inducedbirthdefectsinchickenembryos1212

Tetracyclineisapopularantibioticprescribedforrespiratoryinfections,acne,urinaryinfections,andtheinfectionassociatedwithstomachulcers(Helicobacterpylori)1213

AvitaminCinjectionpreventedkidneydamageinducedbyintravenousadministrationoftetracyclineinbothratsanddogs1214

Valproicacidisprescribedformigraineheadaches,bipolardisorder,andcertaintypesofseizures.Thisdrugcancauseseriouslife-threateningdamagetotheliverandthepancreas1215

VitaminsCandEdemonstratedaprotectiveeffectagainstthecellulardamageinducedbyvalproicacidinratlivercells1216

Trichinosis

Description:Trichinosisisaninfectioncausedbytheingestionofaroundworm(Trichinellaspiralis).Thesewormscanbefoundinmultipleanimalmeats,includingpork,horse,andseveralwildanimals.Adequatecookingwillkilltheseparasites.1217

TraditionalApproach:“Mebendazoleoralbendazolecanbeusedtotreatinfectionsintheintestines.Thereisnospecifictreatmentfortrichinosisoncethelarvaehaveinvadedthemuscles.Thecystsremainviableforyears.Painkillerscanhelprelievemusclesoreness.”1217

StudiesShow:

VitaminC,incombinationwithvitaminsA,E,andanantiparasitedrug(mebendazole),resultedinthenumberoflarvaeinthemusclesofratsbeing“highlydecreased”relativetonotreatment1218AdailydoseofvitaminC(equivalenttoabout35,000mgfora150-poundman)totrichinosis-infectedratsproduceda40%reductioninworm(larvae)countinthemusclesafter30daysoftreatment—thissignificantdecreasetookplacewithvitaminCtreatmentalone,sincenotraditionalantiparasitemedicationsweregiven1219

TrypanosomalInfectionsDescription:Trypanosomalinfectionsarecausedbyprotozoaandarecommonlytransmittedbyinsects.Themostcommoninfectionisknownassleepingsickness,whichiscarriedbythetsetsefly.Withindaysofthebitefromaninfectedinsect,anoduleformsontheskinwhichpersistsforuptotwoweeks.Afterthisincubationperiod,thetrypanosomesbegintoinvadethecirculatoryandlympaticsystems,andfever,headache,dizziness,andweaknessfrequentlyoccur.Sixmonthstoseveralyearslater,thediseasepassesfromthehemolymphaticstatetoameningoencephaliticstageastheparasitesreachthecentralnervoussystem.1220

TraditionalApproach:Suraministhedrugofchoicebeforeanycentralnervoussysteminvolvement.Afterthattimethedrugisineffectivebecauseitdoesnotsufficientlycrosstheblood-brainbarrier.Melarsoprol,anarsenic-containingdrug,isthenused.Bothdrugsarehighlytoxic.1220

StudiesShow:

AsmalldoseofvitaminC(approximately20mg/kgbodyweight),raisesthenaturalresistanceofguineapigstoTrypanosomabruceiinfection1221AdditionofvitaminCtothegentianviolettreatmentofblooddeliberatelyinfectedwithTrypanosomacruzibeforetransfusionallowssterilizationwithlessgentianvioletthanistypicallyneeded1222VitaminC,alongwithglutathione,readilykillstrypanosomesinculture1223VitaminC(100mg/kgbodyweight)preventstheelevationinliverenzymesthatotherwiseresultsfromtheinfectionsofrabbitswithTrypanosomabruceibrucei1224

TuberculosisDescription:ThebacteriaMycobacteriumtuberculosiscausespulmonarytuberculosis(TB).Thediseaseistransmittedinthedropletsdischargedinacoughorsneezeofaninfectedperson.ThisfirstinfectioniscalledprimaryTB,andmostpeoplerecoverfromitwithoutfurtherevidenceofthedisease.Insomeindividuals,however,theinfectioncanbecomedormantforseveralyearsandthenreactivate.1225

TraditionalApproach:Theactivediseaseisusuallytreatedwithacombinationofdrugs.Thefourmostcommondrugsareisoniazid,rifampin,pyrazinamide,andethambutol.Additionaldrugsusedincludeamikacin,ethionamide,moxifloxacin,para-aminosalicylicacid,andstreptomycin.Medicationsmayhavetobetakenforsixmonthsorlonger.1225

StudiesShow:

VitaminCprotectsguineapigsinjectedwithtoxicdosesoftuberculin:122681%ofinjectedanimalsnotreceivingvitaminCdiedOnly17%ofinfectedanimalsthatreceivedvitaminCdied

SmallvitaminCinjectionsproducepositiveresponsesintemperature,weight,generalwell-being,appetite,andsomebloodtestsintuberculosispatients1227VitaminC-treatedindividuals(74tuberculosispatients)showeda“markedincrease”inhemoglobincontentandredbloodcellcounts1228A“significantandprogressive”deficiencyofvitaminCisseeninguineapigsinfectedwithtuberculosis,anddailyvitaminCadministrationcausessignificantweightgain,alongwithareductionintheclinicalinvasivenessoftuberculouslesions1229,1230DailyoraldosingofvitaminCsignificantlyinhibitstheskinreactiontosubcutaneousinjectionsoftuberculinintuberculousguineapigs1230150mgofvitaminCsupplementationdaily,alongwithwhateverwasalreadypresentinthediet,appearedtoreducetuberculouslesionsintherespiratorypassages,intestines,andrectum1231

VitaminCpreventstuberculosisbacteriagrowthinartificialmediumthatotherwisesupportsgrowth1232100mgvitaminCinjectionscontrolledthecoughingupofbloodin140tuberculouspatients1233Morehighly-dosedvitaminC(15,000mgdaily)administeredtoveryadvancedtuberculosispatientsresultedinthefollowing:1234

Stillaliveahalfyearlater(5of6)Gainedfrom20to70poundsintheprocessNolongerbedriddenConsideredtohaveundergoneanenormousdegreeofimprovementintheirgeneralconditionTotalvitaminCdosingwasroughly3,000,000mgperpatientwithnoevidenceofanytoxicityorsideeffect

DailysupplementationofvitaminsandmineralsthatincludedvitaminCresultedinan“appreciablylower”incidenceofnewcasesoftuberculosiswhencomparedtoanon-supplementedcontrolgroup1235ThreetimesmorevitaminCthannormalwasrequiredtomaintainnormalplasmalevelsin2patientswithactivetuberculosis1236All28men—fromagroupof1,100freefromthediseaseuponfirstexamination—whodevelopedX-rayevidenceofpulmonarytuberculosiswerealsofoundtohavelowplasmalevelsofvitaminC1237IncreasedamountsofvitaminCseemtodecreasetheseverityandextentoftuberculouslesionsinthelungsofinfectedguineapigs1238DailyurinaryexcretionofvitaminCcorrelatedwiththeactivityleveloftheinfectionintuberculouspatients:thelowestlevelsofurinaryvitaminC(indicatinglowbodylevels)wereassociatedwiththegreatestdiseaseactivity1239DailyvitaminCinjectionscontroltheclinicalcourseoftuberculosisinguineapigs

verywell—theygrewata“normalrate”and“behavedineverywayjustasthecontrols”overafive-monthperiod1240IndividualswhohadadietaryvitaminCintakegreaterthan90mgdailyandwhoconsumed“morethantheaverage”amountoffruits,vegetables,andberrieshadasignificantlylowerriskofcontractingtuberculosis1241“Massivedailydoses”ofvitaminC“willalsocuretuberculosisbyremovaloftheorganisms’polysaccharidecoat,”accordingtoDr.Klenner1242Tuberculousguineapigsfedwithlargeamountsoforangejuicesurvivedtwiceaslongasanimalsfedonlythenormaldiet(thisprecedingthediscoveryofvitaminC)1243ThevitaminClevelinthebodyappearstodeterminethelikelihoodofcontractingintestinaltuberculosis1244AcombinationofinjectedandoralvitaminCwithhighamountsofcitrusjuiceeliminatedfever,stoppedthecharacteristictuberculosiscough,andresultedinaten-poundweightgaininanactivetuberculosispatient1245VitaminCaddedtoatuberculosisbacteriaculturemediuminhibitsgrowth1246Asmalloraldoseofonly150mgvitaminCdailyproducedaclearimprovementin88%ofchildrenand61%ofadultswithtuberculosis,showingthefixeddosehadagreatereffectinasmallerbody1247AminimumoftwiceasmuchvitaminCisneededonadailybasisbytuberculosispatientstomaintainthesameplasmalevelsasnormalsubjectsinastudyonNavajoIndianswithtuberculosis1248Only250mgofvitaminCdailyimprovestheoverall“bloodpicture”ofthetreatedtuberculosispatients1249DailyinjectionsofvitaminCareadequatetoprotecttuberculousguineapigsagainstotherwiselethaldosesoftuberculinthatwouldhavereadilykilledtheunsupplementedcontrolanimals1250

TyphoidFeverDescription:TyphoidfeverisabacterialinfectioncausedbySalmonellatyphi.Thediseasespreadsthroughcontaminatedfood,drink,orwater.Symptomsinclude:highfever,abdominalpain,diarrhea,bloodystools,chills,delirium,nosebleeds,severefatigue,andweakness.1251

TraditionalApproach:Intravenousfluidsaregiventocombatdehydration,andantibotictherapyisgivenaswell.Withtreatment,symptomsusuallyimprovein2to4weeks.1251

StudiesShow:

VitaminCrapidlykillstyphoidbacteriainvitro2InjectedandoralvitaminCtreated106casesoftyphoidfeverwithgreatsuccess1252IntravenousvitaminCandadrenalglandextractdemonstratedsignificantsuccessinreducingthelengthofillnessaswellasthemortalityratein18casesoftyphoid—treatmentwas“dramaticfromthefirstinjection”1253UsingvitaminCasthesoletherapyfortyphoidfeverwouldeliminatetheanemiathatoftenaccompaniestheuseofchloramphenicol(oneofthefirst-lineantibiotics

usedinthetreatmentoftyphoidfever)1254HighlevelsofvitaminCimprovestheresistanceofchickstotyphoid1255

VanadiumPoisoningDescription:Allvanadiumcompoundsappeartobetoxic.Thebiggestdangertohumansisinbreathingfumesordustthatcontainthiselement.1256Vanadiumpoisoningcanadverselyaffecttheheart,bloodvessels,G.I.tract,kidneys,reproductivesystem,andlungs.1257Thetoxicitycausedbythismetalappearstobesecondarytooxidativedamage.1258

TraditionalApproach:Nogenerallyacceptedprotocolsspecificforvanadiumpoisoningwerefound,althoughdimercaprolandvitaminC“mayhavevalue.”1259

StudiesShow:

VitaminChasasignificantprotective,antidoteeffectagainstanotherwiselethaldoseofavanadium-containingcompoundinmice1260Intheinvestigationof18differentantidotes,vitaminC“appearedtobethemostpromising”asanantidoteagainst2vanadiumcompoundsinamousemodel1261VitaminCisveryeffectiveinpreventingvanadiumintoxicationwhenadministeredimmediatelyafterthevanadiuminmice1262PretreatmentwithvitaminCsignificantlyreducestheclinicaltoxicityofvanadiuminmiceasevidencedbylessrespiratorydepressionandlimbparalysis1263VitaminCreducesgrowthretardationrelatedtotheadministrationofvanadiuminchicks1264VitaminCprotectshensfromthetoxiceffectsofvanadiumindecreasingeggproductionandbodyweight1265VitaminCprotectstheeggsoflayinghensfromthedecreasedalbumin(eggwhite)qualityassociatedwithexcessdietaryvanadium.1266VitaminCincreasestheurinaryeliminationofadministeredvanadiuminmice1267VitaminCappearstobeoneofthenaturalreducingagentsofvanadium1268

VitaminCchemicallyreducesvanadiumcompoundsmoreeffectivelythanglutathione,anotherimportantantioxidant,forthesamevanadiumcompounds1269VitaminCatleastpartiallyreversesthevanadiuminhibitionofanimportantenzymethathelpsneuronscommunicateinthebrain1270

VenomsDescription:Morethan200outofapproximately2,900snakespecieshavecausedfatalbitesinhumans.Atleasteightofabout50spidersintheU.S.cancauseseriousdiseaseand/ordeath.Thesearethewidow,brownrecluse,hobo,wolf,fishing,greenlynx,jumping,andyellowsacspiders.1271Manymarineorganisms(forexample:jellyfishandanemones)havevenomousstingsorbites.1272

TraditionalApproach:Unlesstheidentityofabitingsnakeisknown,antivenintherapyisoflittleuse,andeventhen,theeffectivnessofantiveninsisnotclear-cut.1271Manyofthetreatmentprotocolsarevenom-specific.Mostlysupportivecarethataddressesparticularsymptomsisemployed.

StudiesShow:

DosingNotesVitaminC“isanon-toxic,non-specificantitoxinthatmaybeusedforanytype

ofvenomousbitewithouthavingtoawaitidentificationoftheculprit”1273Dr.FredKlennernotedthattheamountofvitaminCadministeredtoapatient“istheallimportantfactor”inassuringapositiveclinicalresponseforthetoxinorinfectionbeingtreated12741. “Nevergivelessthan350mg/kgbodyweight,”repeatedeveryhourfor6

to12dosesdependinguponclinicalimprovement2. Dosescanbespacedfrom2to4hourswhenimprovementisapparent

untilthepatientrecovers3. Dosescanbeashighas1,200mg/kgbodyweightforthecriticallyill

person,suchasapatientcomatosewithviralencephalitisBlackWidowSpider

A31/2year-oldgirlbittenbyablackwidowspiderfullyrecoversaftermultipleadministrationsofhigh-dosevitaminC—somebyinjectionandmorebymouthoveraperiodof4days1275“Eightprovencasesofblackwidowbite”werecuredwithhigh-dosevitaminC1275

PussCaterpillarHigh-doseintravenousvitaminCgivenbysyringeasrapidlyaspossiblesavedacyanoticpusscaterpillarbitevictim1276

SnakeBiteHigh-doseintravenousvitaminCcuresa4year-oldchildwhoreceiveda“fullstrike”fromahighlandmoccasin1277Snakebitevictimwhohadalreadybeenineffectivelytreatedatanotheremergencyroomwastreatedwith15,000mgofvitaminCintravenouslytwicedaily,alongwith5,000mgoforalvitaminCevery4hours;penicillinwasgivenaswell,andthepatientwasbacktoworkinsevendays1278

CitedReferencesCHAPTERONE1.“LivingProof?”60Minutes,NewZealand.2.“WhyCan’tWeTry?”60Minutes,NewZealand.

3.TodarK,Todar’sOnlineTextbookofBacteriology2008.Publishedonlineatwww.textbookofbacteriology.net

4.SalamanMK,“ResistantBacterialInfectionsTreatedwithVitaminC”Publishedonlineatwww.thenhf.com/article.php?id-1980,Jan14,2004.

5.GallowayT,SeifertM,“Bulbarpoliomyelitis:favorableresultsinitstreatmentasaprobleminrespiratoryobstruction”JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation1949141(1):1-8.

6.LandwehrR,“Theoriginofthe42-yearstonewallofvitaminC”JournalofOrthomolecularMedicine19916(2):99-103.

7.HoldenM,ResnickR,“TheinvitroactionofsyntheticcrystallinevitaminC(ascorbicacid)onherpesvirus”JournalofImmunology193631:455-462.

8.HoldenM,MolloyE,“FurtherexperimentsontheinactivationofherpesvirusbyvitaminC(L-ascorbicacid)”JournalofImmunology193733:251-257.

9.SagripantiJ,etal,“Mechanismofcopper-mediatedinactivationofherpessimplexvirus”AntimicrobialAgentsandChemotherapy199741(4):812-817.

10.WhiteL,etal,“Invitroeffectofascorbicacidoninfectivityofherpesvirusesandparamyxoviruses”JournalofClinicalMicrobiology198624(4):527-531.

11.ZureickM,“TreatmentofshinglesandherpeswithvitaminCintravenously”JournaldesPraticiens195064:586.

12.CathcartR,“VitaminCinthetreatmentofacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)”MedicalHypotheses198414(4):423-433.

13.LandwehrR,“Theoriginofthe42-yearstonewallofvitaminC”JournalofOrthomolecularMedicine19916(2):99-103.14.KlennerF,“Significanceofhighdailyintakeofascorbicacidinpreventivemedicine”JournaloftheInternationalAcademyofPreventive

Medicine19741(1):45-69.

CHAPTERTWO15.KlennerF,“Observationsofthedoseandadministrationofascorbicacidwhenemployedbeyondtherangeofavitamininhumanpathology”

JournalofAppliedNutrition197123(3&4):61-88.

16.KlennerF,“Theblackwidowspider:casehistory”Tri-StateMedicalJournalDec1957pp.15-18.

17.KlennerF,“Observationsofthedoseandadministrationofascorbicacidwhenemployedbeyondtherangeofavitamininhumanpathology”JournalofAppliedNutrition197123(3&4):61-88.

18.KlennerF,“Significanceofhighdailyintakeofascorbicacidinpreventivemedicine”JournaloftheInternationalAcademyofPreventiveMedicine19741(1):45-69.

19.KlennerF,“Casehistory:cureofa4-year-oldchildbittenbyamaturehighlandmoccasinwithvitaminC”Tri-StateMedicalJournalJuly1954.

20.SmithL,TheClinicalExperiencesofFrederickR.Klenner,M.D.:ClinicalGuidetotheUseofVitaminC1988Portland,OR:LifeSciencesPress.21.LaingM,“Acureformushroompoisoning”SouthAfricanMedicalJournal198465(15):590.

22.KhawK,etal,“RelationbetweenascorbicacidandmortalityinmenandwomeninEPIC-Norfolkprospectivestudy:aprospectivepopulationstudy,EuropeanProspectiveInvestigationintoCancerandNutrition”Lancet2001357(9257):657-663.

CHAPTERTHREE23.OsbornT,GearJ,“PossiblerelationbetweenabilitytosynthesizevitaminCandreactiontotuberclebacillus”Nature1940145:974.

24.KhawK,etal,“RelationbetweenascorbicacidandmortalityinmenandwomeninEPIC-Norfolkprospectivestudy:aprospectivepopulationstudy.EuropeanProspectiveInvestigationintoCancerandNutrition”Lancet2001357(9257):657-663.

25.NishikimiM,etal,“OccurrenceinhumansandguineapigsofthegenerelatedtotheirmissingenzymeL-gulonolactoneoxidase”ArchivesofBiochemistryandBiophysics1988267(2):842-846.

26.Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunza_people

27.CummingsM,“Cansomepeoplesynthesizeascorbicacid?”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition198134(2):297-298.28.KlineA,EheartM,“Variationintheascorbicacidrequirementsforsaturationofninenormalyoungwomen”JournalofNutrition194428:413-

419.

29.PijoanM,LoznerE,“VitaminCeconomyinthehumansubject”BulletinoftheJohnsHopkinsHospital194475:303-314.

30.ChatterjeeG,PalD,“MetabolismofL-ascorbicacidinratsunderinvivoadministrationofmercury:effectofL-ascorbicacidsupplementation”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch197545(3):284-292.

31.StoneI,“Homosapiensascorbicus,abiochemicallycorrectedrobusthumanmutant”MedicalHypotheses19795(6):711-721.

32.ConneyA,etal,AnnalsoftheNewYorkAcademyofSciences196192:115.

CHAPTERFOUR33.AmericanHeartAssociationHeartDiseaseandStrokeStatistics–2010UpdateDallas,Texas:AmericanHeartAssociation2010.

34.LevyT,CuringtheIncurable.VitaminC,InfectiousDiseases,andToxins2004,MedFoxPublishing,Henderson,NV.35.ClarkE,ClarkE,“Onthereactionofcertaincellsinthetadpole’stailtowardvitaldyes”TheAnatomicalRecord(1918)15:151.

36.ClarkE,ClarkE,“Furtherobservationsonlivinglymphaticvesselsinthetransparentchamberintherabbit’sear—theirrelationtothetissue

spaces”AmericanJournalofAnatomy193352:273-305.

37.LaguesseE,“Lastructurelamelleuseetledeveloppementdutissuconjonctiflachechezlesmammiferesengeneraletchezl’hommeenparticulier”ArchdeBiol192131:173-298.

38.BensleyS,“Onthepresence,propertiesanddistributionoftheintercellulargroundsubstanceoflooseconnectivetissue”TheAnatomicalRecord193460:93-109.

39.McMastersP,ParsonsR,‘Physiologicalconditionsexistinginconnectivetissue.II.Thestateofthefluidintheintradermaltissue”JournalofExperimentalMedicine193969:265-282.

40.WolbachS,HoweP,“Intercellularsubstancesinexperimentalscorbutus”ArchivesofPathologyandLaboratoryMedicine19261(1):1-24.

41.KefalidesN,“Isolationandcharacterizationofthecollagenfromglomerularbasementmembrane”Biochemistry19687(9):3103-3112.

42.GoreI,etal,“Endothelialchangesproducedbyascorbicaciddeficiencyinguineapigs”ArchivesofPathology196580(4):371-376.

43.PaulingL,“VitaminCandlongevity”Agressologie198324(7):317-319.

44.PiraniC,CatchpoleH,“Serumglycoproteinsinexperimentalscurvy”A.M.A.ArchivesofPathology195151:597-601.45.FisherE,etal,“Interactionofascorbicacidandglucoseonproductionofcollagenandproteoglycanbyfibroblasts”Diabetes199140(3):371-376.

46.Wolbach,S.andP.Howe(1926)Intercellularsubstancesinexperimentalscorbutus.ArchivesofPathologyandLaboratoryMedicine1(1):1-24.

47.GershI,CatchpoleH,“Theorganizationofgroundsubstanceandbasementmembraneanditssignificanceintissueinjury,diseaseandgrowth”AmericanJournalofAnatomy194985:457-521.

48.PiraniC,CatchpoleH,“Serumglycoproteinsinexperimentalscurvy”A.M.A.ArchivesofPathology195151:597-601.

49.FisherE,etal,“Interactionofascorbicacidandglucoseonproductionofcollagenandproteoglycanbyfibroblasts”Diabetes199140(3):371-376.

50.KatzE,“ReductionofcholesterolandLp(a)andregressionofcoronaryarterydisease:acasestudy”JournalofOrthomolecularMedicine199611(3):173-179.

51.Ibid.

52.HorlickL,KatzL,“Retrogressionofatheroscleroticlesionsoncessationofcholesterolfeedinginthechick”JournalofLaboratoryandClinicalMedicine194934:1427-1442.

53.LevyT,CuringtheIncurable.VitaminC,InfectiousDiseases,andToxins2004,MedFoxPublishing,Henderson,NV.

54.BeckJ,etal,“Dentalinfectionsandatherosclerosis”AmericanHeartJournal1999138(5Pt2):S528-533.

55.MuhlesteinJ,“Infectiousagents,antibiotics,andcoronaryarterydisease”CurrentInterventionalCardiologyReports20002(4):342-348.

56.EmingilG,etal,“Associationbetweenperiodontaldiseaseandacutemyocardialinfarction”JournalofPeriodontology200071(12):1882-1886.57.HugginsH,LevyT,UninformedConsent:TheHiddenDangersinDentalCare1999Charlottesville,VA:HamptonRoadsPublishingCompany,

Inc.

58.KulaczR,LevyT,TheRootsofDisease.ConnectingDentistryandMedicine2002Philadelphia,PA:XlibrisCorporation.

59.Ibid.

60.LerenP,“TheOsloDietHeartStudy:eleven-yearreport”Circulation197042(5):935-942.

61.CoronaryDrugProjectResearchGroup,“Clofibrateandniacinincoronaryheartdisease”JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation1975231(4):360-381.

62.CarlsonL,etal,“Reductionofmyocardialreinfarctionbythecombinedtreatmentwithclofibrateandnicotinicacid”Atherosclerosis197728(1):81-86.

63.LipidResearchClinicsProgram,“TheLipidResearchClinicsCoronaryPrimaryPreventionTrialresults.I.Reductioninincidenceofcoronaryheartdisease”JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation1984251(3):351-374.

64.FrickM,etal,“HelsinkiHeartStudy:primary-preventionwithgemfibrozilinmiddle-agedmenwithdyslipemia”TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine1987317(20):1237-1245.

65.DorrA,etal,“Colestipolhydrochlorideinhypercholesterolemicpatients-effectonserumcholesterolandmortality”JournalofChronicDisease197831(1):5-14.

66.BuchwaldH,etal,“Effectofpartialilealbypassonmortalityandmorbidityfromcoronaryheartdiseaseinpatientswithhypercholesterolemia.ReportoftheProgramontheSurgicalControlofHyperlipidemias(POSCH)”TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine1990323(14):946-955.

67.BrophyJ,BrassardP,BourgaultC,“Thebenefitofcholesterol-loweringmedicationsaftercoronaryrevascularization:apopulationstudy”.AmericanHeartJournal2005150(2):282-286.

68.WillisG,“Anexperimentalstudyoftheintimalgroundsubstanceinatherosclerosis”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal195369:17-22.69.Ibid.

70.DuffG,“Experimentalcholesterolarteriosclerosisanditsrelationshiptohumanarteriosclerosis”ArchivesofPathology193520:81-123,259-304.

71.TurleyS,WestC,HortonB,“Theroleofascorbicacidintheregulationofcholesterolmetabolismandinthepathogenesisofatherosclerosis”Atherosclerosis197624(1-2):1-18.

72.GinterE,“Ascorbicacidincholesterolandbileacidmetabolism”AnnalsoftheNewYorkAcademyofSciences1975258:410-421.

73.GinterE,etal,“Loweredcholesterolcatabolisminguineapigswithchronicascorbicaciddeficiency”AmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition197124(10):1238-1245.

74.BanerjeeS,SinghH,“Cholesterolmetabolisminscorbuticguineapigs”JournalofBiologicalChemistry1958233(1):336-339.

75.MaedaN,etal,“Aorticwalldamageinmiceunabletosynthesizeascorbicacid”ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica200097(2):841-846.

76.DentF,HayesR,BookerW,“Furtherevidenceofcholesterol-ascorbicacidantagonisminblood;roleofadrenocorticalhormones”FederationProceedings195118:291.

77.BookerW,etal,“Cholesterol-ascorbicacidrelationship;changesinplasmaandcellascorbicacidandplasmacholesterolfollowingadministrationofascorbicacidandcholesterol”AmericanJournalofPhysiology1957189:75-77.

78.SitaramayyaC,AliT,“Studiesonexperimentalhypercholesterolemiaandatherosclerosis”JournalofPhysiologyandPharmacology19626:192-204.

79.SadavaD,etal,“TheeffectofvitaminContherapidinductionofaorticchangesinrabbits”JournalofNutritionalScienceandVitaminology198228(2):85-92.

80.GinterE,KajabaT,NiznerO,“TheeffectofascorbicacidoncholesterolemiainhealthysubjectswithseasonaldeficitofvitaminC”NutritionandMetabolism19702(2):76-86.

81.GinterE,etal,“Effectofascorbicacidonplasmacholesterolinhumansinalong-termexperiment”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch197747(2):123-134.

82.GinterE,“MarginalvitaminCdeficiency,lipidmetabolism,andatherogenesis”AdvancesinLipidResearch197816:167-220.

83.SokoloffB,etal,“Aging,atherosclerosisandascorbicacidmetabolism”JournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSociety196614(12):1239-1260.

84.WillisG,“Anexperimentalstudyoftheintimalgroundsubstanceinatherosclerosis”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal195369:17-22.

85.DateyK,etal,“Ascorbicacidandexperimentalatherosclerosis”JournaloftheAssociationofPhysiciansofIndia196816(9):567-570.86.StamlerJ,StamlerR,LiuK,“Highbloodpressure”In:ConnorW,BristowJ(eds.),CoronaryHeartDisease:Prevention,Complications,and

Treatment1985Philadelphia,PA:J.P.LippincottCompany.

87.HjerkinnE,etal,“Markersofendothelialcellactivationinelderlymenathighriskforcoronaryheartdisease”ScandinavianJournalofClinicalandLaboratoryInvestigation200565(3):201-209.

88.KemplerP,“Learningfromlargecardiovascularclinicaltrials:classicalcardiovascularriskfactors”DiabetesResearchandClinicalPractice200568(Suppl1):S43-47.

89.BatesC,etal,“DoesvitaminCreducebloodpressure?Resultsofalargestudyofpeopleaged65orolder”JournalofHypertension199816(7):925-932.

90.FotherbyM,etal,“EffectofvitaminConambulatorybloodpressureandplasmalipidsinolderpersons”JournalofHypertension200018(4):411-415.

91.MayJ,“Howdoesascorbicacidpreventendothelialdysfunction?”FreeRadicalBiology&Medicine200028(9):1421-1429.92.MoranJ,etal,“Plasmaascorbicacidconcentrationsrelateinverselytobloodpressureinhumansubjects”TheAmericanJournalofClinical

Nutrition199357(2):213-217.

93.NessA,etal,“VitaminCstatusandbloodpressure”JournalofHypertension199614(4):503-508.

94.NessA,CheeD,ElliottP,“VitaminCandbloodpressure—anoverview”JournalofHumanHypertension199711(6):343-350.

95.SakaiN,etal,“AninverserelationshipbetweenserumvitaminCandbloodpressureinaJapanesecommunity”JournalofNutritionalScienceandVitaminology199844(6):853-867.

96.DuffyS,etal,“Treatmentofhypertensionwithascorbicacid”Lancet1999354(9195):2048-2049.

97.GalleyH,etal,“Combinationoralantioxidantsupplementationreducesbloodpressure”ClinicalScience199792(4):361-365.98.BlanckT,PeterkofskyB,“Thestimulationofcollagensecretionbyascorbateasaresultofincreasedprolinehydroxylationinchickembryo

fibroblasts”ArchivesofBiochemistryandBiophysics1975171(1):259-267.

99.WendtM,etal,“AscorbatestimulatestypeIandtypeIIIcollageninhumanTenon’sfibroblasts”JournalofGlaucoma19976(6):402-407.

100.MayJ,QuZ,“TransportandintracellularaccumulationofvitaminCinendothelialcells:relevancetocollagensynthesis”ArchivesofBiochemistryandBiophysics2005434(1):178-186.

101.Dahl-JorgensenK,LarsenJ,HanssenK,“AtherosclerosisinchildhoodandadolescenttypeIdiabetes:earlydisease,earlytreatment?”Diabetologia200548(8):1445-1453.

102.HaffnerS,“RationalefornewAmericanDiabetesAssociationGuidelines:arenationalcholesteroleducationprogramgoalsadequateforthepatientwithdiabetesmellitus?”TheAmericanJournalofCardiology200596(4A):33E-36E.

103.Onlinearticle:http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/heart-disease/104.KodamaM,etal,“DiabetesmellitusiscontrolledbyvitaminCtreatment”InVivo19937(6A):535-542.

105.DouC,XuD,WellsW,“Studiesontheessentialroleofascorbicacidintheenergydependentreleaseofinsulinfrompancreaticislets”BiochemicalandBiophysicalResearchCommunications1997231(3):820-822.

106.GinterE,etal“Hypocholesterolemiceffectofascorbicacidinmaturity-onsetdiabetesmellitus”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch197848(4):368-373.

107.SomS,etal,“Ascorbicacidmetabolismindiabetesmellitus”Metabolism:ClinicalandExperimental198130(6):572-577.

108.StankovaL,etal,“Plasmaascorbateconcentrationsandbloodcelldehydroascorbatetransportinpatientswithdiabetesmellitus”Metabolism:ClinicalandExperimental198433(4):347-353.

109.MooradianA,MorleyJ,“Micronutrientstatusindiabetesmellitus”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition198745(5):877-895.110.SimonJ,“VitaminCandcardiovasculardisease:areview”JournaloftheAmericanCollegeofNutrition199211(2):107-125.

111.BigleyR,etal,“Interactionbetweenglucoseanddehydroascorbatetransportinhumanneutrophilsandfibroblasts”Diabetes198332(6):545-548.

112.KapeghianJ,VerlangieriA,“Theeffectsofglucoseonascorbicaciduptakeinheartendothelialcells:possiblepathogenesisofdiabeticangiopathies”LifeSciences198434(6):577-584.

113.KhatamiM,LiW,RockeyJ,“Kineticsofascorbatetransportbyculturedretinalcapillarypericytes.Inhibitionbyglucose”InvestigativeOphthalmology&VisualScience198627(11):1665-1671.

114.SagunK,CarcamoJ,GoldeD,“VitaminCentersmitochondriaviafacilitativeglucosetransporter1(Glut1)andconfersmitochondrialprotectionagainstoxidativeinjury”TheFASEBJournal:OfficialPublicationoftheFederationofAmericanSocietiesforExperimentalBiology200519(12):1657-1667.

115.WilsonJ,“RegulationofvitaminCtransport”AnnualReviewofNutrition200525:105-125.

116.CunninghamJ“Theglucose/insulinsystemandvitaminC:implicationsininsulin-dependentdiabetesmellitus”JournaloftheAmericanCollegeofNutrition199817(2):105-108.

117.BeltingC,HinklerJ,DummettC,“Influenceofdiabetesmellitusontheseverityofperiodontaldisease”JournalofPeriodontology196435:476.118.KodamaM,etal,“DiabetesmellitusiscontrolledbyvitaminCtreatment”InVivo19937(6A):535-542.

CHAPTERFIVE119.RowlandJH,etal,“CancerSurvivors—UnitedStates,2007”Morbidity&MortalityWeeklyReport201160(9):269-272.

120.Onlinearticle:http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CancerCauses/index

121.Ibid.

122.KhawK,etal,“MortalityinmenandwomeninEPIC-Norfolkprospectivestudy:aprospectivepopulationstudy.EuropeanProspectiveInvestigationintoCancerandNutrition”Lancet2001357(9257):657-663.

123.KromhoutD,etal,“Saturatedfat,vitaminCandsmokingpredictlong-termpopulationall-causemortalityratesintheSevenCountriesStudy”IntJEpidemiol.2000Apr;29(2):260-5.

124.RiordanHD,etal,“IntravenousVitaminCasaChemotherapyAgent:AReportonClinicalCases”PuertoRicoHealthSciJ200423-2:115.125.RiordanHD,etal,“IntravenousVitaminCasaChemotherapyAgent:AReportonClinicalCases”PuertoRicoHealthSciJ200423-2:117.

126.RiordanHD,etal,“IntravenousVitaminCasaChemotherapyAgent:AReportonClinicalCases”PuertoRicoHealthSciJ200423-2:115.

127.JacksonJA,etal,“Sixteen-YearHistorywithHighDoseIntravenousVitaminCTreatmentforVariousTypesofCancerandOtherDiseases”JOrthomolMed200217-2:117-119.

128.PadayattySJ,etal,“IntravenouslyadministeredvitaminCascancertherapy:threecases”CanadianMedAssocJournalMarch28,2006174(7).

129.JacksonJA,Riordan,HD,SchultzM,“High-doseintravenousvitaminCinthetreatmentofapatientwithadenocarcinomaofthekidneys–acasestudy”JOrthomolMed19905-1:5-7.

130.JacksonJA,etal,“High-doseintravenousvitaminCandlongtimesurvivalofapatientwithcanceroftheheadofthepancreas”JOrthomolMed199510-2:87-88.

131.RiordanNH,JacksonJA,RiordanHD“IntravenousvitaminCinaterminalcancerpatient”JOrthomolMed199611-2:80-82.

132.RiordanHD,etal,“High-doseintravenousvitaminCinthetreatmentofapatientwithrenalcellcarcinomaofthekidney”JOrthomolMed199813-2:72-73.

133.Onlinearticle:http://www.oasisofhope.com/irt_ch17_survival_statistics.php

134.Onlinearticle:http://www.oasisofhope.com/irt_ch14_diet_exercise.php

135.Onlinearticle:http://www.oasisofhope.com/irt_ch16_caring_spirit.php

136.Onlinearticle:http://www.oasisofhope.com/alternative-cancer-treatments.php137.PaulingL,“VitaminCandlongevity”Agressologie(1983)24(7):317-319.

138.PiraniC,CatchpoleH,“Serumglycoproteinsinexperimentalscurvy”A.M.A.ArchivesofPathology(1951)51:597-601.

139.FisherE,etal,“Interactionofascorbicacidandglucoseonproductionofcollagenandproteoglycanbyfibroblasts”Diabetes199140(3):371-376.

140.Wolbach,S.andP.Howe(1926)Intercellularsubstancesinexperimentalscorbutus.ArchivesofPathologyandLaboratoryMedicine1(1):1-24.

141.GershI,CatchpoleH,“Theorganizationofgroundsubstanceandbasementmembraneanditssignificanceintissueinjury,diseaseandgrowth”AmericanJournalofAnatomy194985:457-521.

142.PiraniC,CatchpoleH,“Serumglycoproteinsinexperimentalscurvy”A.M.A.ArchivesofPathology(1951)51:597-601.143.FisherE,etal,“Interactionofascorbicacidandglucoseonproductionofcollagenandproteoglycanbyfibroblasts”Diabetes199140(3):371-376.

144.TianJ,etal,“Metalloporphyrinsynergizeswithascorbicacidtoinhibitcancercellgrowththroughfentonchemistry”CancerBiotherRadiopharm2010Aug25(4):439-48.

145.RiordanNH,RiordanHD,JacksonJA,“Intravenousascorbateasatumorcytotoxicchemo-therapeuticagent”MedHypoth199444-3:7-213.

146.CasciariJP,etal,“Cytotoxicityofascorbate,lipoicacidandotherantioxidantsinhollowfibreinvitrotumors”BritJCanc0184-11:1544-1550.

147.Kurbacher,etal,“Ascorbicacid(vitaminC)improvestheantineoplasticactivityofdoxorubicin,cisplatin,andpaclitaxelinhumanbreastcarcinomacellsinvitro”CancerLetters1996103(2):183-189.

148.ShimpoK,etal,“Ascorbicacidandadriamycintoxicity”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition199154(6Suppl):1298S-1301S.149.PadayattySJ,etal,“IntravenouslyadministeredvitaminCascancertherapy:threecases”CanadianMedAssocJournalMarch28,2006;174(7).

CHAPTERSIX150.JomovaK,ValkoM,“Advancesinmetal-inducedoxidativestressandhumandisease”Toxicology2011Mar14.

151.GabbayKH,etal,“Ascorbatesynthesispathway:dualroleofascorbateinbonehomeostasis”JBiolChem2010Jun18285(25):19510-20.

152.YalinS,etal“Istherearoleoffreeoxygenradicalsinprimarymaleosteoporosis?”ClinExpRheumatol2005Sep-Oct23(5):689-92.

153.ParkJB,“TheEffectsofDexamethasone,AscorbicAcid,andβ-GlycerophosphateonOsteoblasticDifferentiationbyRegulatingEstrogenReceptorandOsteopontinExpression”JSurgRes2010Oct8.

154.HieM,TsukamotoI,“VitaminC-deficiencystimulatesosteoclastogenesiswithanincreaseinRANKexpression”JNutrBiochem2011Feb22(2):164-71.

155.SheweitaSA,KhoshhalKI,“Calciummetabolismandoxidativestressinbonefractures:roleofantioxidants”CurrDrugMetab2007Jun8(5):519-25.

156.SaitoM,“Nutritionandbonehealth.RolesofvitaminCandvitaminBasregulatorsofbonemassandquality”ClinCalcium2009Aug

19(8):1192-9.

157.MaehataY,etal,“TypeIIIcollagenisessentialforgrowthaccelerationofhumanosteoblasticcellsbyascorbicacid2-phosphate,along-actingvitaminCderivative”MatrixBiol2007Jun26(5):371-81.

158.HieM,TsukamotoI,“VitaminC-deficiencystimulatesosteoclastogenesiswithanincreaseinRANKexpression”JNutrBiochem2011Feb22(2):164-71.

159.ChuinA,etal,“EffectofantioxidantscombinedtoresistancetrainingonBMDinelderlywomen:apilotstudy”OsteoporosInt2009Jul20(7):1253-8.

160.SahniS,etal,“HighvitaminCintakeisassociatedwithlower4-yearbonelossinelderlymen”JNutr2008Oct138(10):1931-8.

161.PascoJA,etal,“Antioxidantvitaminsupplementsandmarkersofboneturnoverinacommunitysampleofnonsmokingwomen”JWomensHealth(Larchmt)2006Apr15(3):295-300.

162.SugiuraM,etal,“Dietarypatternsofantioxidantvitaminandcarotenoidintakeassociatedwithbonemineraldensity:findingsfrompost-menopausalJapanesefemalesubjects”OsteoporosInt2011Jan22(1):143-52.

163.Ruiz-RamosM,etal,“Supplementationofascorbicacidandalpha-tocopherolisusefultopreventingbonelosslinkedtooxidativestressinelderly”JNutrHealthAging2010Jun14(6):467-72.

164.ZinnurogluM,etal,“Prospectiveevaluationoffreeradicalsandantioxidantactivityfollowing6-monthrisedronatetreatmentinpatientswithpostmenopausalosteoporosis”RheumatolInt2011Jan8.

165.SahniS,etal,“ProtectiveeffectoftotalandsupplementalvitaminCintakeontheriskofhipfracture—a17-yearfollow-upfromtheFraminghamOsteoporosisStudy”OsteoporosInt2009Nov20(11):1853-61.

166.FalchJA,MowéM,BøhmerT,“Lowlevelsofserumascorbicacidinelderlypatientswithhipfracture”ScandJClinLabInvest1998May58(3):225-8.

167.BourneG,“VitaminCandrepairofinjuredtissues”Lancet19422:661-664.

168.MortonD,Barrett-ConnorE,SchneideD,“VitaminCsupplementuseandbonemineraldensityinpostmenopausalwomen”JournalofBoneandMineralResearch200116(1):135-140.

169.LeveilleS,etal,“DietaryvitaminCandbonemineraldensityinpostmenopausalwomeninWashingtonState,USA”JournalofEpidemiologyandCommunityHealth199751(5):479-485.

170.KhodyrevVN,etal,“Theinfluenceofthevitamin-mineralcomplexuponthebloodvitamin,calciumandphosphorusofpatientswithostreoarthrosis”VoprPitan200675(2):44-7.

171.YudohK,etal,“Potentialinvolvementofoxidativestressincartilagesenescenceanddevelopmentofosteoarthritis:oxidativestressinduceschondrocytetelomereinstabilityanddownregulationofchondrocytefunction”ArthritisResTher20057(2):R380-91.

172.LauH,MassassoD,JoshuaF,“Skin,muscleandjointdiseasefromthe17thcentury:scurvy”IntJRheumDis.2009Dec12(4):361-5.

173.KumarV,ChoudhuryP,“Scurvy—aforgottendiseasewithanunusualpresentation”TropDoct2009Jul39(3):190-2.

174.VitaleA,etal,“Arthritisandgumbleedingintwochildren”JPaediatrChildHealth2009Mar45(3):158-60.

175.26.ReganEA,BowlerRP,CrapoJD,“Jointfluidantioxidantsaredecreasedinosteoarthriticjointscomparedtojointswithmacroscopicallyintactcartilageandsubacuteinjury”OsteoarthritisCartilage2008Apr16(4):515-21.

176.ChoiHK,etal,“Dietaryriskfactorsforrheumaticdiseases”CurrOpinRheumatol2005Mar17(2):141-6.177.PattisonDJ,etal,“VitaminCandtheriskofdevelopinginflammatorypolyarthritis:prospectivenestedcase-controlstudy”AnnRheumDis2004

Jul63(7):843-7.

178.JaswalS,etal,“Antioxidantstatusinrheumatoidarthritisandroleofantioxidanttherapy”ClinChimActa2003Dec338(1-2):123-9.

179.WangY,etal,“Effectofantioxidantsonkneecartilageandboneinhealthy,middle-agedsubjects:across-sectionalstudy”ArthritisResTher20079(4):R66.

180.SakaiA,etal,“Large-doseascorbicacidadministrationsuppressesthedevelopmentofarthritisinadjuvant-infectedrats”ArchOrthopTraumaSurg1999119(3-4):121-6.

181.GraySL,etal,“AntioxidantvitaminsupplementuseandriskofdementiaorAlzheimer’sdiseaseinolderadults”JAmGeriatrSoc2008Feb56(2):291-5.

182.FotuhiM,etal,“BettercognitiveperformanceinelderlytakingantioxidantvitaminsEandCsupplementsincombinationwithnonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs:theCacheCountyStudy”AlzheimersDement2008May4(3):223-7.

183.CornelliU,“TreatmentofAlzheimer’sdiseasewithacholinesteraseinhibitorcombinedwithantioxidants”NeurodegenerDis20107(1-3):193-202.

184.HarrisonFE,etal,“VitaminCdeficiencyincreasesbasalexploratoryactivitybutdecreasesscopolamine-inducedactivityinAPP/PSEN1transgenicmice”PharmacolBiochemBehav2010Feb94(4):543-52.

185.HarrisonFE,etal,“AntioxidantsandcognitivetraininginteracttoaffectoxidativestressandmemoryinAPP/PSEN1mice”NutrNeurosci2009Oct12(5):203-18.

186.HarrisonFE,etal,“Ascorbicacidattenuatesscopolamine-inducedspatiallearningdeficitsinthewatermaze”BehavBrainRes2009Dec28205(2):550-8.

187.HarrisonFE,MayJM,“VitaminCfunctioninthebrain:vitalroleoftheascorbatetransporterSVCT2”FreeRadicBiolMed2009Mar1546(6):719-30.

CHAPTERSEVEN188.HayashiT,etal,“Fatalwaterintoxicationinaschizophrenicpatient—anautopsycase”JClinForensicMed.2005Jun;12(3):157-9.Epub2005

Mar16.

189.LevyT,CuringtheIncurable.VitaminC,InfectiousDiseases,andToxins2004,MedFoxPublishing,Henderson,NV.190.LazarouJ,PomeranzBH,CoreyPN,“Incidenceofadversedrugreactionsinhospitalizedpatients:ameta-analysisofprospectivestudies”JAMA

1998279:10-15.

191.CasciariJ,etal,“Cytotoxicityofascorbate,lipoicacid,andotherantioxidantsinhollowfibreinvitrotumours”BritishJournalofCancer200184(11):1544-1550.

192.KalokerinosA,DettmanI,DettmanG,“Ascorbate—theproofofthepudding!Aselectionofcasehistoriesrespondingtoascorbate”AustralasNursesJ.1982Mar;11(2):18-21.

193.CathcartR,“VitaminC,titratingtoboweltolerance,anascorbemia,andacuteinducedscurvy”MedicalHypotheses19817(11):1359-1376.

194.CathcartR,“VitaminCinthetreatmentofacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)”MedicalHypotheses198414(4):423-433.

195.CathcartR,“VitaminC:thenontoxic,nonrate-limited,antioxidantfreeradicalscavenger”MedicalHypotheses198518(1):61-77.

196.CathcartR,“ThethirdfaceofvitaminC”JournalofOrthomolecularMedicine19937(4):197-200.

197.CreaganE,etal,“Failureofhigh-dosevitaminC(ascorbicacid)therapytobenefitpatientswithadvancedcancer.Acontrolledtrial”TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine1979301(13):687-690.

198.MoertelC,etal,“High-dosevitaminCversusplacebointhetreatmentofpatientswithadvancedcancerwhohavehadnopriorchemotherapy.Arandomizeddouble-blindcomparison”TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine1985312(3):137-141.

199.LudvigssonJ,HanssonL,StendahlO,“TheeffectoflargedosesofvitaminConleukocytefunctionandsomelaboratoryparameters”InternationalJournalofVitaminandNutritionResearch197949(2):160-165.

200.BusseyH,etal,“Arandomizedtrialofascorbicacidinpolyposiscoli”Cancer198250(7):1434-1439.

201.McKeown-EyssenG,etal,“ArandomizedtrialofvitaminsCandEinthepreventionofrecurrenceofcolorectalpolyps”CancerResearch198848(16):4701-4705.

202.TaylorA,etal,“Relationshipinhumansbetweenascorbicacidconsumptionandlevelsoftotalandreducedascorbicacidinlens,aqueoushumor,andplasma”CurrentEyeResearch199110(8):751-759.

203.OsilesiO,etal,“Bloodpressureandplasmalipidsduringascorbicacidsupplementationinborderlinehypertensiveandnormotensiveadults”NutritionResearch199111:405-412.

204.LuxB,MayP,“Long-termobservationofyoungcystinuricpatientsunderascorbicacidtherapy”UrologiaInternationalis198338(2):91-94.205.MelethilS,MasonD,ChangC,“Dose-dependentabsorptionandexcretionofvitaminCinhumans”InternationalJournalofPharmacology1986

31:83-89.

206.BroxA,Howson-JanK,FauserA,“Treatmentofidiopathicthrombocytopenicpurpurawithascorbate”BritishJournalofHaematology198870(3):341-344.

207.GodeauB,BierlingP,“Treatmentofchronicautoimmunethrombocytopenicpurpurawithascorbate”BritishJournalofHaemotology199075(2):289-290.

208.ReavenP,etal,“Effectofdietaryantioxidantcombinationsinhumans.ProtectionofLDLbyvitaminEbutnotbybeta-carotene”ArteriosclerosisandThrombosis199313(4):590-600.

209.SharmaD,MathurR,“Correctionofanemiaandirondeficiencyinvegetariansbyadministrationofascorbicacid”IndianJournalofPhysiologyandPharmacology199539(4):403-406.

210.BassW,etal,“Evidenceforthesafetyofascorbicacidadministrationtotheprematureinfant”AmericanJournalofPerinatology199815(2):133-140.

211.MaikranzP,etal,“Gestationalhypercalciuriacausespathologicalurinecalciumoxalatesupersaturations”KidneyInternational198936(1):108-113.

212.CurhanG,etal,“IntakeofvitaminsB6andCandtheriskofkidneystonesinwomen”JournaloftheAmericanSocietyofNephrology199910(4):840-845.

213.GersterH,“Nocontributionofascorbicacidtorenalcalciumoxalatestones”AnnalsofNutrition&Metabolism199741(5):269-282.

214.PadayattySJ,etal,“VitaminC:intravenoususebycomplementaryandalternativemedicinepractitionersandadverseeffects”PLoSOne.2010Jul7;5(7):e11414.

215.HeaneyML,etal,“VitaminCantagonizesthecytotoxiceffectsofantineoplasticdrugs”CancerRes2008Oct168(19):8031-8.

216.ChallemJ,“MedicalJournalWatch”AlternativeandComplementaryTherapies2009February15(1):42-46.

CHAPTEREIGHT217.LazarouJ,PomeranzBH,CoreyPN,“Incidenceofadversedrugreactionsinhospitalizedpatients:ameta-analysisofprospectivestudies”JAMA

1998Apr15279(15):1200-5.218.Onlinearticle:http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/a/adverse_reaction/prevalence.htm

219.KaiserFamilyFoundationNewsletterMay2007MenloPark,CA94025.

220.LaiM,etal,“2005AnnualReportoftheAmericanAssociationofPoisonControlCenters’NationalPoisoningandExposureDatabase”ClinicalToxicology2006(44):803-932.

221.BronsteinA,etal,“2006AnnualReportoftheAmericanAssociationofPoisonControlCenters’NationalPoisonDataSystem(NPDS)”ClinicalToxicology2007(45):815-917.

222.BronsteinA,etal,“2007AnnualReportoftheAmericanAssociationofPoisonControlCenters’NationalPoisonDataSystem(NPDS):25thAnnualReport”ClinicalToxicology2008(46):927-1057.

223.BronsteinA,etal,“2008AnnualReportoftheAmericanAssociationofPoisonControlCenters’NationalPoisonDataSystem(NPDS):26thAnnualReport”ClinicalToxicology2009(47):911-1084.

224.BronsteinA,“2009AnnualReportoftheAmericanAssociationofPoisonControlCenters’NationalPoisonDataSystem(NPDS):27thAnnualReport”ClinicalToxicology2010(48):979-1178.

225.HHS1FDA,DepartmentofHealth&HumanServices,PrescriptionDrugFeeRatesforFiscalYear2010DocketNo.FDA-2009-N-0339page

38451.

226.CauchonD,“FDAAdvisersTiedtoIndustry”USATodaySeptember25,2000.

CHAPTERNINE227.GroffJL,GropperSS,HuntSM,“AdvancedNutritionandHumanMetabolism”WestPublishingCo1995,pages222-237.

228.“Bio-TechnologyBreakthroughPromisesNearly100%Bioavailability”USATodayDecember19,2006.229.Bangham,A.,StandishM,WatkinsJ,“Diffusionofunivalentionsacrossthelamellaeofswollenphospholipids”JournalofMolecularBiology

196513(1):238-252.

230.GregoriadisG.[ed.]LiposomeTechnology.Thirdedition.VolumeII:EntrapmentofDrugsandOtherMaterialsintoLiposomes,NewYork,NY:InformaHealthcareUSA,Inc.2007.

231.HickeyS.,RobertsH,MillerN,“PharmacokineticsoforalvitaminC”JournalofNutritional&EnvironmentalMedicineJuly31,2009.

232.CathcartR,“VitaminC,titratingtoboweltolerance,anascorbemia,andacuteinducedscurvy”MedicalHypotheses19817(11):1359-1376.

ResourceB233.SiegelB,“Enhancedinterferonresponsetomurineleukemiavirusbyascorbicacid”InfectionandImmunity197410(2):409-410.

234.SiegelB,“Enhancementofinterferonproductionbypoly(rI)-poly(rC)inmousecellculturesbyascorbicacid”Nature1975254(5500):531-532.

235.GeberW,LefkowitzS,HungC,“Effectofascorbicacid,sodiumsalicylate,andcaffeineontheseruminterferonlevelinresponsetoviralinfection”Pharmacology197513(3):228-233.

236.DahlH,DegreM,“Theeffectofascorbicacidonproductionofhumaninterferonandtheantiviralactivityinvitro.ActaPathologicaetMicrobiologicaScandinavica.SectionB”Microbiology197684(5):280-284.

237.StoneI,“Thepossibleroleofmega-ascorbateintheendogenoussynthesisofinterferon”MedicalHypotheses19806(3):309-314.

238.KarpinskaT,KaweckiZ,Kandefer-SzerszenM,“Theinfluenceofultravioletirradiation,L-ascorbicacidandcalciumchlorideontheinductionofinterferoninhumanembryofibroblasts”ArchivumImmunologiaeetTherapiaeExperimentalis198230(1-2)33-37.

239.NungesterW,AmesA,“Therelationshipbetweenascorbicacidandphagocyticactivity”JournalofInfectiousDiseases194883:50-54.

240.GoetzlE,etal,“Enhancementofrandommigrationandchemotacticresponseofhumanleukocytesbyascorbicacid”TheJournalofClinicalInvestigation197453(3):813-818.

241.SandlerJ,GallinJ,VaughanM,“Effectsofserotonin,carbamylcholine,andascorbicacidonleukocytecyclicGMPandchemotaxis”TheJournalofCellBiology197567(2Pt1):480-484.

242.BoxerL,etal,“CorrectionofleukocytefunctioninChediak-Higashisyndromebyascorbate”TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine1976295(19):1041-1045.

243.GangulyR,DurieuxM,WaldmanR,“MacrophagefunctioninvitaminC-deficientguineapigs”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition197629(7):762-765.

244.AndersonR,DittrichO,“Effectsofascorbateonleucocytes.PartIV.Increasedneutrophilfunctionandclinicalimprovementafteroralascorbatein2patientswithchronicgranulomatousdisease”SouthAfricanMedicalJournal197956(12):476-480.

245.AndersonR,TheronA,“Effectsofascorbateonleucocytes.PartIII.Invitroandinvivostimulationofabnormalneutrophilmotilitybyascorbate”SouthAfricanMedicalJournal197956(11):429-433.

246.AndersonR,etal,“Theeffectsofincreasingweeklydosesofascorbateoncertaincellularandhumoralimmunefunctionsinnormalvolunteers”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition198033(1):71-76.

247.AndersonR,etal,“Theeffectofascorbateoncellularhumoralimmunityinasthmaticchildren”SouthAfricanMedicalJournal198058(24):974-977.

248.DallegriF,LanziG,PatroneF,“Effectsofascorbicacidonneutrophillocomotion”InternationalArchivesofAllergyandAppliedImmunology198061(1):40-45.

249.CorberandJ,etal,“Malignantexternalotitisandpolymorphonuclearleukocytemigrationimpairment.Improvementwithascorbicacid”ArchivesofOtolaryngology1982108(2):122-124.

250.PatroneF,etal,“Effectsofascorbicacidonneutrophilfunction.Studiesonnormalandchronicgranulomatousdiseaseneutrophils”ActaVitaminologicaetEnzymologica19824(1-2):163-168.

251.Cunningham-RundlesS,“Effectsofnutritionalstatusonimmunologicalfunction”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition198235(5Suppl):1202-1210.

252.OberritterH,etal,“Effectoffunctionalstimulationonascorbatecontentinphagocytesunderphysiologicalandpathologicalconditions”InternationalArchivesofAllergyandAppliedImmunology198681(1):46-50.

253.LevyR,SchlaefferF,“SuccessfultreatmentofapatientwithrecurrentfurunculosisbyvitaminC:improvementofclinicalcourseandofimpairedneutrophilfunctions”InternationalJournalofDermatology199332(11):832-834.

254.LevyR,etal,“VitaminCforthetreatmentofrecurrentfurunculosisinpatientswithimpairedneutrophilfunctions”TheJournalofInfectiousDiseases1996173(6):1502-1505.

255.CiocoiuM,etal,“TheinvolvementofvitaminsCandEinchangingtheimmuneresponse”[ArticleinRomanian]RevistaMedico-ChirurgicalaaSocietatiideMedicisiNaturalistidinIasi1998102(1-2):93-96.

256.DelaFuenteM,etal,“ImmunefunctioninagedwomenisimprovedbyingestionofvitaminsCandE”CanadianJournalofPhysiologyandPharmacology199876(4):373-380.

257.GlickD,HosodaS,“Histochemistry.LXXViii.Ascorbicacidinnormalmastcellsandmacrophagesandneoplasticmastcells”ProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiologyandMedicine1965119:52-56.

258.ThomasW,HoltP,“VitaminCandimmunity:anassessmentoftheevidence”ClinicalandExperimentalImmunology197832(2):370-379.

259.EvansR,CurrieL,CampbellA,“Thedistributionofascorbicacidbetweenvariouscellularcomponentsofblood,innormalindividuals,andits

relationtotheplasmaconcentration”TheBritishJournalofNutrition198247(3):473-482.

260.GoldschmidtM,“Reducedbactericidalactivityinneutrophilsfromscorbuticanimalsandtheeffectofascorbicacidonthesetargetbacteriainvivoandinvitro”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition199154(6Suppl):1214S-1220S.

261.WashkoP,WangY,LevineM,“Ascorbicacidrecyclinginhumanneutrophils”TheJournalofBiologicalChemistry1993268(21):15531-15535.262.SiegelB,MortonJ,“VitaminCandtheimmuneresponse”Experientia197733(3):393-395.

263.JengK,etal,“SupplementationwithvitaminsCandEenhancescytokineproductionbyperipheralbloodmononuclearcellsinhealthyadults”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition199664(6):960-965.

264.CampbellJ,etal,“AscorbicacidisapotentinhibitorofvariousformsofTcellapoptosis”CellularImmunology1999194(1):1-5.

265.MizutaniA,etal,“Ascorbate-dependentenhancementofnitricoxideformationinactivatedmacrophages.NitricOxide:BiologyandChemistry19982(4):235-241.

266.MizutaniA.TsukagoshiN,“MolecularroleofascorbateinenhancementofNOproductioninactivatedmacrophage-likecellline,J774.1”JournalofNutritionalScienceandVitaminology199945(4):423-435.

267.FraserR,etal,“TheeffectofvariationsinvitaminCintakeonthecellularimmuneresponseofguineapigs”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition198033(4):839-847.

268.KennesB,etal,“EffectofvitaminCsupplementsoncell-mediatedimmunityinoldpeople”Gerontology198329(5):305-310.

269.WuC,DorairajanT,LinT,“Effectofascorbicacidsupplementationontheimmuneresponseofchickensvaccinatedandchallengedwithinfectiousbursaldiseasevirus”VeterinaryImmunologyandImmunopathology200074(1-2):145-152.

270.SchwagerJ,SchulzeJ,“Influenceofascorbicacidontheresponsetomitogensandinterleukinproductionofporcinelymphocytes”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch199767(1):10-16.

271.RotmanD,“Sialoresponsinandanantiviralactionofascorbicacid”MedicalHypotheses19784(1):40-43.

272.EckerE,PillemerL,“VitaminCrequirementoftheguineapig”ProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiologyandMedicine194044:262.

273.BourneG,“VitaminCandimmunity”TheBritishJournalofNutrition19492:342.274.PrinzW,etal,“Theeffectofascorbicacidsupplementationonsomeparametersofthehumanimmunologicaldefencesystem”International

JournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch197747(3):248-257.

275.VallanceS,“Relationshipsbetweenascorbicacidandserumproteinsoftheimmunesystem”BritishMedicalJournal19772(6084):437-438.

276.SakamotoM,etal,“TheeffectofvitaminCdeficiencyoncomplementsystemsandcomplementcomponents”JournalofNutritionalScienceandVitaminology198127(4):367-378.

277.FeigenG,etal,“EnhancementofantibodyproductionandprotectionagainstsystemicanaphylaxisbylargedosesofvitaminC”ResearchCommunicationsinChemicalPathologyandPharmacology198238(2):313-333.

278.LiY,LovellT,“Elevatedlevelsofdietaryascorbicacidincreaseimmuneresponsesinchannelcatfish”TheJournalofNutrition1985115(1):123-131.

279.WahliT,MeierW,PfisterK,“Ascorbicacidinducedimmune-mediateddecreaseinmortalityinIchthyophthiriusmultifiliisinfectedrainbow-trout(Salmogairdneri)”ActaTropica198643(3):287-289.

280.JohnstonC,KolbW,HaskellB,“TheeffectofvitaminCnutritureoncomplementcomponentC1qconcentrationsinguineapigplasma”TheJournalofNutrition1987117(4):764-768.

281.HaskellB,JohnstonC,“ComplementcomponentC1qactivityandascorbicacidnutritureinguineapigs”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition199154(6Suppl):1228S-1230S.

282.WuC,DorairajanT,LinT,“Effectofascorbicacidsupplementationontheimmuneresponseofchickensvaccinatedandchallengedwithinfectiousbursaldiseasevirus”VeterinaryImmunologyandImmunopathology200074(1-2):145-152.

283.HeuserG,VojdaniA,“EnhancementofnaturalkillercellactivityandTandBcellfunctionbybufferedvitaminCinpatientsexposedtotoxicchemicals:theroleofproteinkinase-C”ImmunopharmacologyandImmunotoxicology199719(3):291-312.

284.HorrobinD,etal,“ThenutritionalregulationofTlymphocytefunction”MedicalHypotheses19795(9):969-985.

285.ScottJ,“Onthebiochemicalsimilaritiesofascorbicacidandinterferon”JournalofTheoreticalBiology198298(2):235-238.286.SiegelB,MortonJ,“VitaminCandimmunity:influenceofascorbateonprostaglandinE2synthesisandimplicationsfornaturalkillercell

activity”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch198454(4):339-342.

287.AtkinsonJ,etal,“Effectsofascorbicacidandsodiumascorbateoncyclicnucleotidemetabolisminhumanlymphocytes”JournalofCyclicNucleotideResearch19795(2):107-123.

288.PanushR,etal,“ModulationofcertainimmunologicresponsesbyvitaminC.III.Potentiationofinvitroandinvivolymphocyteresponses”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch.Supplement198223:35-47.

289.StrangewaysW,“Observationsonthetrypanocidalactioninvitroofsolutionsofglutathioneandascorbicacid”AnnalsofTropicalMedicineandParasitology193731:405-416.

290.MillerT,“Killingandlysisofgram-negativebacteriathroughthesynergisticeffectofhydrogenperoxide,ascorbicacid,andlysozyme”JournalofBacteriology196998(3):949-955.

291.TappelA,“Lipidperoxidationdamagetocellcomponents”FederationProceedings197332(8):1870-1874.292.KrautE,MetzE,SagoneA,“Invitroeffectsofascorbateonwhitecellmetabolismandthechemiluminescenceresponse”Journalofthe

ReticuloendothelialSociety198027(4):359-366.

293.RobertsonW,RopesM,BauerW,“Thedegradationofmucinsandpolysaccharidesbyascorbicacidandhydrogenperoxide”TheBiochemicalJournal194135:903.

294.NandiB,etal,“Effectofascorbicacidondetoxificationofhistamineunderstressconditions”BiochemicalPharmacology197423(3):643-647.

295.JohnstonC,MartinL,CaiX,“Antihistamineeffectofsupplementalascorbicacidandneutrophilchemotaxis”JournaloftheAmericanCollegeofNutrition199211(2):172-176.

296.KastenbauerS,etal,“Oxidativestressinbacterialmeningitisinhumans”Neurology200258(2):186-191.

297.VersteegJ,“Investigationsontheeffectofascorbicacidonantibodyproductioninrabbitsafterinjectionofbacterialandviralantigensbydifferentroutes.ProceedingsoftheKoninklijkeNederlandseAkademievanWetenschappen.SeriesC”BiologicalandMedicalSciences197073(5):494-501.

298.BanicS,“ImmunostimulationbyvitaminC”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch.Supplement198223:49-52.299.WuC,DorairajanT,LinT,“Effectofascorbicacidsupplementationontheimmuneresponseofchickensvaccinatedandchallengedwith

infectiousbursaldiseasevirus”VeterinaryImmunologyandImmunopathology200074(1-2):145-152.

300.EricssonY,“Theeffectofascorbicacidoxidationonmucoidsandbacteriainbodysecretions”ActaPathologicaetMicrobiologicaScandinavica195435:573-583.

301.RawalB,“BactericidalactionofascorbicacidonPseudomonasaeruginosa:alterationofcellsurfaceasapossiblemechanism”Chemotherapy197824(3):166-171.

ResourceC302.SmithVH,“VitaminCdeficiencyisanunder-diagnosedcontributortodegenerativediscdiseaseintheelderly”MedHypotheses2010Apr

74(4):695-7.

303.DuarteTL,CookeMS,JonesGD,“GeneexpressionprofilingrevealsnewprotectiverolesforvitaminCinhumanskincells”FreeRadicBiolMed2009Jan146(1):78-87.

304.HashemMA,etal,“ArapidandsensitivescreeningsystemforhumantypeIcollagenwiththeaimofdiscoveringpotentanti-agingoranti-fibroticcompounds”MolCells2008Dec3126(6):625-30.

305.QiaoH,etal,“AscorbicaciduptakeandregulationoftypeIcollagensynthesisinculturedvascularsmoothmusclecells”JVascRes200946(1):15-24.

306.BoyeraN,GaleyI,BernardBA,“EffectofvitaminCanditsderivativesoncollagensynthesisandcross-linkingbynormalhumanfibroblasts”IntJCosmetSci1998Jun20(3):151-8.

307.MayJM,QuZC,“TransportandintracellularaccumulationofvitaminCinendothelialcells:relevancetocollagensynthesis”ArchBiochemBiophys2005Feb1434(1):178-86.

308.SaitohY,NagaiY,MiwaN,“Fucoidan-VitaminCcomplexsuppressestumorinvasionthroughthebasementmembrane,withscarceinjuriestonormalortumorcells,viadecreasesinoxidativestressandmatrixmetalloproteinases”IntJOncol2009Nov35(5):1183-9.

309.MahmoodianF,PeterkofskyB,“VitaminCdeficiencyinguineapigsdifferentiallyaffectstheexpressionoftypeIVcollagen,laminin,andelastininbloodvessels”JNutr1999Jan129(1):83-91.

310.MarionnetC,etal,“Morphogenesisofdermal-epidermaljunctioninamodelofreconstructedskin:beneficialeffectsofvitaminC“ExpDermatol2006Aug15(8):625-33.

311.BoyceST,etal,“VitaminCregulateskeratinocyteviability,epidermalbarrier,andbasementmembraneinvitro,andreduceswoundcontractionaftergraftingofculturedskinsubstitutes”JInvestDermatol2002Apr118(4):565-72.

312.HeymanH,“Benefitsofanoralnutritionalsupplementonpressureulcerhealinginlong-termcareresidents”JWoundCare2008Nov17(11):476-8,480.

313.OtsukaM,etal,“ContributionofahighdoseofL-ascorbicacidtocarnitinesynthesisinguineapigsfedhigh-fatdiets”JNutrSciVitaminol(Tokyo).1999Apr45(2):163-71.

314.ReboucheCJ,“Ascorbicacidandcarnitinebiosynthesis”AmJClinNutr1991Dec54(6Suppl):1147S-1152S.

315.NaiduKA,“VitaminCinhumanhealthanddiseaseisstillamystery?Anoverview”NutrJ2003Aug212:7.

316.GabbayKH,etal,“Ascorbatesynthesispathway:dualroleofascorbateinbonehomeostasis”JBiolChem2010Jun18285(25):19510-20.

317.YalinS,etal,“Istherearoleoffreeoxygenradicalsinprimarymaleosteoporosis?”ClinExpRheumatol2005Sep-Oct23(5):689-92.318.ParkJB,“TheEffectsofDexamethasone,AscorbicAcid,andβ-GlycerophosphateonOsteoblasticDifferentiationbyRegulatingEstrogen

ReceptorandOsteopontinExpression”JSurgRes2010Oct8.

319.HieM,TsukamotoI,“VitaminC-deficiencystimulatesosteoclastogenesiswithanincreaseinRANKexpression”JNutrBiochem2011Feb22(2):164-71.

320.SheweitaSA,KhoshhalKI,“Calciummetabolismandoxidativestressinbonefractures:roleofantioxidants”CurrDrugMetab2007Jun8(5):519-25.

321.SaitoM,“Nutritionandbonehealth.RolesofvitaminCandvitaminBasregulatorsofbonemassandquality”ClinCalcium2009Aug19(8):1192-9.

322.MaehataY,etal,“TypeIIIcollagenisessentialforgrowthaccelerationofhumanosteoblasticcellsbyascorbicacid2-phosphate,along-actingvitaminCderivative”MatrixBiol2007Jun26(5):371-81.

323.HieM,TsukamotoI,“VitaminC-deficiencystimulatesosteoclastogenesiswithanincreaseinRANKexpression”JNutrBiochem2011Feb22(2):164-71.Epub2010May4.

324.ChuinA,etal,“EffectofantioxidantscombinedtoresistancetrainingonBMDinelderlywomen:apilotstudy”OsteoporosInt2009Jul20(7):1253-8.

325.SahniS,etal,“HighvitaminCintakeisassociatedwithlower4-yearbonelossinelderlymen”JNutr2008Oct138(10):1931-8.

326.PascoJA,etal,“Antioxidantvitaminsupplementsandmarkersofboneturnoverinacommunitysampleofnonsmokingwomen”JWomensHealth(Larchmt)2006Apr15(3):295-300.

327.SugiuraM,etal,“Dietarypatternsofantioxidantvitaminandcarotenoidintakeassociatedwithbonemineraldensity:findingsfrompost-menopausalJapanesefemalesubjects”OsteoporosInt2011Jan22(1):143-52

328.Ruiz-RamosM,etal,“Supplementationofascorbicacidandalpha-tocopherolisusefultopreventingbonelosslinkedtooxidativestressinelderly”JNutrHealthAging2010Jun14(6):467-72.

329.ZinnurogluM,etal,“Prospectiveevaluationoffreeradicalsandantioxidantactivityfollowing6-monthrisedronatetreatmentinpatientswithpostmenopausalosteoporosis”RheumatolInt2011Jan8.

330.SahniS,etal,“ProtectiveeffectoftotalandsupplementalvitaminCintakeontheriskofhipfracture—a17-yearfollow-upfromtheFraminghamOsteoporosisStudy”OsteoporosInt2009Nov20(11):1853-61.

331.FalchJA,MowéM,BøhmerT,“Lowlevelsofserumascorbicacidinelderlypatientswithhipfracture”ScandJClinLabInvest1998May58(3):225-8.

332.SubramanianN,etal,“Effectofascorbicacidondetoxificationofhistamineinratsandguineapigsunderdrugtreatedconditions”Pharmacol1974Feb123(3):637-41.

333.JohnstonC,MartinL,CaiX,“Antihistamineeffectofsupplementalascorbicacidandneutrophilchemotaxis”JournaloftheAmericanCollegeofNutrition199211(2):172-176.

334.JohnstonCS,HuangSN,“Effectofascorbicacidnutritureonbloodhistamineandneutrophilchemotaxisinguineapigs”JNutr1991Jan121(1):126-30.

335.CathcartRF3rd,“ThevitaminCtreatmentofallergyandthenormallyunprimedstateofantibodies”MedHypotheses1986Nov21(3):307-21.

ResourceD336.BlanckT,PeterkofskyB,“Thestimulationofcollagensecretionbyascorbateasaresultofincreasedprolinehydroxylationinchickembryo

fibroblasts”ArchivesofBiochemistryandBiophysics1975171(1):259-267.

337.WendtM,etal,“AscorbatestimulatestypeIandtypeIIIcollageninhumanTenon’sfibroblasts”JournalofGlaucoma19976(6):402-407.

338.MayJ,QuZ,“TransportandintracellularaccumulationofvitaminCinendothelialcells:relevancetocollagensynthesis”ArchivesofBiochemistryandBiophysics2005434(1):178-186.

339.GalleyH,etal,“Combinationoralantioxidantsupplementationreducesbloodpressure”ClinicalScience199792(4):361-365.

340.DuffyS,etal,“Treatmentofhypertensionwithascorbicacid”Lancet1999354(9195):2048-2049.

341.MoranJ,etal,“Plasmaascorbicacidconcentrationsrelateinverselytobloodpressureinhumansubjects”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition199357(2):213-217.

342.NessA,“VitaminCstatusandbloodpressure”JournalofHypertension199614(4):503-508.

343.NessA,CheeD,ElliottP,“VitaminCandbloodpressure—anoverview”JournalofHumanHypertension199711(6):343-350.

344.Sakai,N,etal,“AninverserelationshipbetweenserumvitaminCandbloodpressureinaJapanesecommunity”JournalofNutritionalScienceandVitaminology199844(6):853-867.

345.LanmanT,IngallsT,“VitaminCdeficiencyandwoundhealing:anexperimentalandclinicalstudy”AnnalsofSurgery1937105(4):616-625.

346.StolmanJ,GoldmanH,GouldB,“Ascorbicacidandbloodvessels”ArchivesofPathology196172:535-545.

347.AbtA,vonSchuchingS,RoeJ,“Connectivetissuestudies.II.TheeffectofvitaminCdeficiencyonhealedwounds”BulletinoftheJohnsHopkinsHospital1959105:67-76.

348.PiraniC,LevensonS,“EffectofvitaminCdeficiencyonhealedwounds”ProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiologyandMedicine195382:95-99.

349.BatesC,etal,“DoesvitaminCreducebloodpressure?Resultsofalargestudyofpeopleaged65orolder”JournalofHypertension199816(7):925-932.

350.FotherbyM,etal,“EffectofvitaminConambulatorybloodpressureandplasmalipidsinolderpersons”JournalofHypertension200018(4):411-415.

351.MayJ,“Howdoesascorbicacidpreventendothelialdysfunction?”FreeRadicalBiology&Medicine200028(9):1421-1429.

352.FigueiredoP,etal,“Serumhigh-densitylipoprotein(HDL)inhibitsinvitroenterohemolysin(EHly)activityproducedbyenteropathogenicEscherichiacoli”FEMSImmunologyandMedicalMicrobiology200338(1):53-57.

353.Park,K.,etal,“LowdensitylipoproteininactivatesVibriovulnificuscytolysinthroughtheoligomerizationoftoxinmonomer”MedicalMicrobiologyandImmunology2005194(3):137-141.

354.CarlsonL,BottigerL,“Riskfactorsforischaemicheartdiseaseinmenandwomen.Resultsofthe19-yearfollow-upoftheStockholmProspectiveStudy”ActaMedicaScandinavica1985218(2):207-211.

355.AloufJ,“Thiol-dependentcytolyticbacterialtoxins:streptolysinOandprominenttoxins”[French]Archivesdel’InstitutPasteurdeTunis198158(3):355-373.

356.AloufJ,“Cholesterol-bindingcytolyticproteintoxins”InternationalJournalofMedicalMicrobiology2000290(4-5):351-356.357.ChiM,etal,“EffectsofT-2toxinonbraincatecholaminesandselectedbloodcomponentsingrowingchickens”PoultryScience198160(1):137-

141.

358.WatsonK,KerrE,“Functionalroleofcholesterolininfectionandautoimmunity”Lancet19751(7902):308-310.

359.BloomerA,etal,“AstudyofpesticideresiduesinMichigan’sgeneralpopulation,1968-70”PesticidesMonitoringJournal197711(3):111-115.

360.TarugiP,etal“Heavymetalsandexperimentalatherosclerosis.Effectofleadintoxicationonrabbitplasmalipoproteins”Atherosclerosis198245(2):221-234.

361.YousefM,etal,“InfluenceofascorbicacidsupplementationonthehaematologicalandclinicalbiochemistryparametersofmalerabbitsexposedtoaflatoxinB1”JournalofEnvironmentalScienceandHealth.PartB.Pesticides,FoodContaminants,andAgriculturalWastes200338(2):193-209.

362.GinterE,“MarginalvitaminCdeficiency,lipidmetabolism,andatherogenesis”AdvancesinLipidResearch197816:167-220.363.WillisG,“Anexperimentalstudyoftheintimalgroundsubstanceinatherosclerosis”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal195369:17-22.

364.DateyK,etal,“Ascorbicacidandexperimentalatherosclerosis”JournaloftheAssociationofPhysiciansofIndia196816(9):567-570.

365.DuffG,“Experimentalcholesterolarteriosclerosisanditsrelationshiptohumanarteriosclerosis”ArchivesofPathology193520:81-123,259-304.

366.WillisG,FishmanS,“Ascorbicacidcontentofhumanarterialtissue”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal195572:500-503.

367.ZaitsvV,etal,“Theeffectofascorbicacidonexperimentalatherosclerosis”CoretVasa19646(1):19-25.

368.Beetens,etal,“InfluenceofvitaminConthemetabolismofarachidonicacidandthedevelopmentofaorticlesionsduringexperimentalatherosclerosisinrabbits”BiomedicaBiochimicaActa198443(8-9):S273-S276.

369.GinterE,TheRoleofVitaminCinCholesterolCatabolismandAtherogenesis1975Bratislava,Czechoslovakia:Veda,VydavatelstvoSlovenskejAkademieVied.

370.DentF,HayesR,BookerW,“Furtherevidenceofcholesterol-ascorbicacidantagonisminblood;roleofadrenocorticalhormones”FederationProceedings195118:291.

371.BookerW,etal“Cholesterol-ascorbicacidrelationship;changesinplasmaandcellascorbicacidandplasmacholesterolfollowingadministrationofascorbicacidandcholesterol”AmericanJournalofPhysiology1957189:75-77.

372.TurleyS,WestC,HortonB,“Theroleofascorbicacidintheregulationofcholesterolmetabolismandinthepathogenesisofatherosclerosis”Atherosclerosis197624(1-2):1-18.

373.BanerjeeS,SinghH,“Cholesterolmetabolisminscorbuticguineapigs”JournalofBiologicalChemistry1958233(1):336-339.

374.39.MaedaN,etal,“Aorticwalldamageinmiceunabletosynthesizeascorbicacid”ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica200097(2):841-846.

375.GinterE,“Cholesterol:vitaminCcontrolsitstransformationtobileacids”Science1973179(74):702-704.

376.SitaramayyaC,AliT,“Studiesonexperimentalhypercholesterolemiaandatherosclerosis”JournalofPhysiologyandPharmacology19626:192-204.

377.SadavaD,etal,“TheeffectofvitaminContherapidinductionofaorticchangesinrabbits”JournalofNutritionalScienceandVitaminology198228(2):85-92.

378.GinterE,“Ascorbicacidincholesterolandbileacidmetabolism”AnnalsoftheNewYorkAcademyofSciences1975258:410-421.

379.GinterE,etal,“Loweredcholesterolcatabolisminguineapigswithchronicascorbicaciddeficiency”AmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition197124(10):1238-1245.

380.GinterE,KajabaT,NiznerO,“TheeffectofascorbicacidoncholesterolemiainhealthysubjectswithseasonaldeficitofvitaminC”NutritionandMetabolism19702(2):76-86.

381.GinterE,etal,“Effectofascorbicacidonplasmacholesterolinhumansinalong-termexperiment.InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch197747(2):123-134.

382.SokoloffB,etal,“Aging,atherosclerosisandascorbicacidmetabolism”JournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSociety196614(12):1239-1260.

383.ErdenF,etal,“Ascorbicacideffectonsomelipidfractionsinhumanbeings”ActaVitaminologicaetEnzymologica19857(1-2):131-137.

384.BishopN,SchorahC,WalesJ,“TheeffectofvitaminCsupplementationondiabetichyperlipidaemia:adoubleblind,crossoverstudy”DiabeticMedicine:AJournaloftheBritishDiabeticAssociation19852(2):121-124.

385.NessA,etal,“VitaminCstatusandserumlipids”EuropeanJournalofClinicalNutrition199650(11):724-729.

386.BobekP,etal,“TheeffectofchronicmarginalvitaminCdeficiencyontherateofsecretionandtheremovalofplasmatriglyceridesinguinea-pigs”PhysiologiaBohemoslovaca198029(4):337-343.

387.HaT,OtsukaM,ArakawaN,“Theeffectofgradeddosesofascorbicacidonthetissuecarnitineandplasmalipidconcentrations”JournalofNutritionalScienceandVitaminology199036(3):227-234.

388.AdamsC,etal,“Modificationofaorticatheromaandfattyliverinsaturatedandpolyunsaturatedlecithins”JournalofPathologyandBacteriology196794(1):77-87.

389.WilsonT,MeserveyC,NicolosiR,“Soylecithinreducesplasmalipoproteincholesterolandearlyatherogenesisinhypercholesterolemicmonkeysandhamsters:beyondlineoleate”Atherosclerosis1998140(1):147-153.

390.MastelloneI,etal,“Dietarysoybeanphosphatidylcholineslowerlipidemia:Mechanismsatthelevelsofintestine,endothelialcell,andhepato-biliaryaxis”JournalofNutritionalBiochemistry200011(9):461-466.

391.PolichettiE,etal,“Cholesterol-loweringeffectofsoyabeanlecithininnormolipidaemicratsbystimulationofbiliarylipidsecretion”BritishJournalofNutrition199675(3):471-478.

392.PolichettiE,etal,“Dietarypolyenylphosphatidylcholinedecreasescholesterolemiainhypercholesterolemicrabbits:roleofthehepato-biliaryaxis”LifeSciences200067(21):2563-2576.

393.AltmanR,etal,“PhospholipidsassociatedwithvitaminCinexperimentalatherosclerosis.Arzneimittelforschung198030(4):627-630.

394.PleinerJ,etal,“Inflammation-inducedvasoconstrictorhyporeactivityiscausedbyoxidativestress”JournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology200342(9):1656-1662.

395.WillisG,FishmanS,“Ascorbicacidcontentofhumanarterialtissue”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal195572:500-503.

396.YuH,RifaiN,“High-sensitivityC-reactiveproteinandatherosclerosis:fromtheorytotherapy”ClinicalBiochemistry200033(8):601-610.

397.MacCallumP,“Markersofhemostasisandsystemicinflammationinheartdiseaseandatherosclerosisinsmokers”ProceedingsoftheAmericanThoracicSociety20052(1):34-43.

398.BoosC,LipG,“Bloodclotting,inflammation,andthrombosisincardiovascularevents:perspectives”FrontiersinBioscience:aJournalandVirtualLibrary200611:328-336.

399.BeckerA,deBoerO,vanderWalA,“Theroleofinflammationandinfectionincoronaryheartdisease”AnnualReviewofMedicine200152:289-297.

400.CortiR,etal,“Evolvingconceptsinthetriadofatherosclerosis,inflammationandthrombosis”JournalofThrombosisandThrombolysis200417(1):35-44.

401.LicastroF,etal,“Innateimmunityandinflammationinageing:akeyforunderstandingage-relateddiseases”Immunity&Ageing20052:8.

402.LangloisM,etal,“SerumvitaminCconcentrationislowinperipheralarterialdiseaseandisassociatedwithinflammationandseverityof

atherosclerosis”Circulation2001103(14):1863-1868.

403.BeckJ,etal,“Dentalinfectionsandatherosclerosis”AmericanHeartJournal1999138(5Pt2):S528-533.

404.MuhlesteinJ,“Infectiousagents,antibiotics,andcoronaryarterydisease”CurrentInterventionalCardiologyReports20002(4):342-348.405.EmingilG,etal,“Associationbetweenperiodontaldiseaseandacutemyocardialinfarction”JournalofPeriodontology200071(12):1882-1886.

406.HajishengallisG,etal,“Interactionsoforalpathogenswithtoll-likereceptors:possibleroleinatherosclerosis”AnnalsofPeriodontology20027(1):72-78.

407.SoderP,etal,“Earlycarotidatherosclerosisinsubjectswithperiodontaldiseases”Stroke:AJournalofCerebralCirculation200536(6):1195-1200.

408.WillisG,FishmanS,“Ascorbicacidcontentofhumanarterialtissue”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal195572:500-503.

409.BeckerA,deBoerO,vanderWalA,“Theroleofinflammationandinfectionincoronaryheartdisease”AnnualReviewofMedicine200152:289-297.

410.KlotzO,“Adiscussionoftheclassificationandexperimentalproductionofarteriosclerosis”BritishMedicalJournal19062:1767.411.KlotzO,“Therelationofexperimentalarterialdiseaseinanimalstoarteriosclerosisinman”JournalofExperimentalMedicine,N.Y.19068:504.

412.KiechlS,etal,“Chronicinfectionsandtheriskofcarotidatherosclerosis.Prospectiveresultsfromalargepopulationstudy”Circulation2001103(8):1064-1070.

413.LeskovV,ZatevakhinI,“Theroleoftheimmunesysteminthepathogenesisofatherosclerosis[articleinRussian]AngiologiiaiSosudistaiaKhirurgiia200511(2):9-14.

414.WickG,etal,“Atherosclerosis,autoimmunity,andvascular-associatedlymphoidtissue”FederationofAmericanSocietiesforExperimentalBiologyJournal199711(13):1199-1207.

415.MayrM,etal,“EndothelialcytotoxicitymediatedbyserumantibodiestoheatshockproteinsofEscherichiacoliandChlamydiapneumoniae:immunereactionstoheatshockproteinsasapossiblelinkbetweeninfectionandatherosclerosis”Circulation199999(12):1560-1566.

416.XuQ,etal,“Associationofserumantibodiestoheat-shockprotein65withcarotidatherosclerosis:clinicalsignificancedeterminedinafollow-upstudy”Circulation1999100(11):1169-1174.

417.XuQ,etal,“Serumsolubleheatshockprotein60iselevatedinsubjectswithatherosclerosisinageneralpopulation”Circulation2000102(1):14-20.

418.deLeeuwK,KallenbergC,BijlM,“Acceleratedatherosclerosisinpatientswithsystemicautoimmunediseases”AnnalsoftheNewYorkAcademyofSciences20051051:362-371.

419.DoriaA,etal,“Inflammationandacceleratedatherosclerosis:basicmechanisms”RheumaticDiseasesClinicsofNorthAmerica200531(2):355-362,viii.

420.FrostegardJ,“Atherosclerosisinpatientswithautoimmunedisorders”Arteriosclerosis,Thrombosis,andVascularBiology200525(9):1776-1785.

421.KleindienstR,etal,“Atherosclerosisasanautoimmunecondition”IsraelJournalofMedicalSciences199531(10):596-599.

422.KodamaM,etal,“DiabetesmellitusiscontrolledbyvitaminCtreatment”InVivo19937(6A):535-542.423.AdamE,etal,“Highlevelsofcytomegalovirusantibodyinpatientsrequiringvascularsurgeryforatherosclerosis”Lancet19872(8554):291-293.

424.CunninghamM,PasternakR,“Thepotentialroleofvirusesinthepathogenesisofatherosclerosis”Circulation198877(5):964-966.

425.MelnickJ,AdamE,DeBakeyM,“Cytomegalovirusandatherosclerosis”Bioessays199517(10):899-903.

426.EryolN,etal,“Arethehighlevelsofcytomegalovirusantibodiesadeterminantinthedevelopmentofcoronaryarterydisease?”InternationalHeartJournal200546(2):205-209.

427.FabricantC,etal,“Virus-inducedatherosclerosis”JournalofExperimentalMedicine1978148(1):335-340.

428.MinickC,etal,“Atheroarteriosclerosisinducedbyinfectionwithaherpesvirus”AmericanJournalofPathology197996(3):673-706.429.FabricantC,etal,“Herpesvirus-inducedatherosclerosisinchickens”FederationProceedings198342(8):2476-2479.

430.BlumA,etal,“Viralloadofthehumanimmunodeficiencyviruscouldbeanindependentriskfactorforendothelialdysfunction”ClinicalCardiology200528(3):149-153.

431.NicholsonA,HajjarD,“Herpesvirusesandthrombosis:activationofcoagulationontheendothelium”ClinicaChimicaActa(InternationalJournalofClinicalChemistry)1999286(1-2):23-29.

432.MorrowD,RidkerP,“C-reactiveprotein,inflammation,andcoronaryrisk”MedicalClinicsofNorthAmerica200084(1):149-161,ix.

433.IlhanF,etal,“Procalcitonin,C-reactiveprotein,andneopterinlevelsinpatientswithcoronaryatherosclerosis”ActaCardiologica200560(4):361-365.

434.MakitaS,NakamuraM,HiramoriK,“TheassociationofC-reactiveproteinlevelswithcarotidintima-mediacomplexthicknessandplaqueformationinthegeneralpopulation”Stroke:aJournalofCerebralCirculation200536(10):2138-2142.

435.SunH,etal,“C-reactiveproteininatheroscleroticlesions:itsoriginandpathophysiologicalsignificance”TheAmericanJournalofPathology2005167(4):1139-1148.

436.vonEckardsteinA,etal,“Lipoprotein(a)furtherincreasestheriskofcoronaryeventsinmenwithhighglobalcardiovascularrisk”JournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology200137(2):434-439.

437.StubbsP,etal,“Aprospectivestudyoftheroleoflipoprotein(a)inthepathogenesisofunstableangina”EuropeanHeartJournal199718(4):603-607.

438.RathM,PaulingL,“Hypothesis:lipoprotein(a)isasurrogateforascorbate”ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofScienceUSA199087(16):6204-6207.

439.RathM,etal,“Detectionandquantificationoflipoprotein(a)inthearterialwallof107coronarybypasspatients”Arteriosclerosis19899(5):579-592.

440.RathM,PaulingL,“Solutiontothepuzzleofhumancardiovasculardisease:itsprimarycauseisascorbatedeficiencyleadingtothedepositionof

lipoprotein(a)andfibrinogen/fibrininthevascularwall”JournalofOrthomolecularMedicine19916(3&4):125-134.

441.NiendorfA,etal,“Morphologicaldetectionandquantificationoflipoprotein(a)depositioninatheromatouslesionsofhumanaortaandcoronaryarteries”VirchowsArchA,PathologicalAnatomyandHistopathology1990417(2):105-111.

442.CushingG,etal,“Quantitationandlocalizationofapolipoproteins(a)andBincoronaryarterybypassveingraftsresectedatre-operation”Arteriosclerosis19899(5):593-603.

443.PaulingL,“Casereport:lysine/ascorbate-relatedameliorationofanginapectoris”JournalofOrthomolecularMedicine19916(3&4):144-146.

444.PaulingL,“Thirdcasereportonlysine-ascorbateameliorationofanginapectoris”JournalofOrthomolecularMedicine19938(3):137-138.

445.McBeathM,PaulingL,“Acasehistory:lysine/ascorbate-relatedameliorationofanginapectoris”JournalofOrthomolecularMedicine19938(2):77-78.

446.KaufmannP,etal,“Coronaryheartdiseaseinsmokers:vitaminCrestorescoronarymicrocirculatoryfunction”Circulation2000102(11):1233-1238.

447.RathM,“Reducingtheriskforcardiovasculardiseasewithnutritionalsupplements”JournalofOrthomolecularMedicine19927(3):153-162.

448.KatzE,“ReductionofcholesterolandLp(a)andregressionofcoronaryarterydisease:acasestudy”JournalofOrthomolecularMedicine199611(3):173-179.

449.Dahl-JorgensenK,LarsenJ,HanssenK,“AtherosclerosisinchildhoodandadolescenttypeIdiabetes:earlydisease,earlytreatment?”Diabetologia200548(8):1445-1453.

450.HaffnerS,“RationalefornewAmericanDiabetesAssociationGuidelines:arenationalcholesteroleducationprogramgoalsadequateforthepatientwithdiabetesmellitus?”TheAmericanJournalofCardiology200596(4A):33E-36E.

451.GinterE,“MarginalvitaminCdeficiency,lipidmetabolism,andatherogenesis”AdvancesinLipidResearch197816:167-220.

452.HuntJ,BottomsM,MitchinsonM,“Ascorbicacidoxidation:apotentialcauseoftheelevatedseverityofatherosclerosisindiabetesmellitus?”FEBSLetters1992311(2):161-164.

453.GuptaM,ChariS“Lipidperoxidationandantioxidantstatusinpatientswithdiabeticretinopathy”IndianJournalofPhysiologyandPharmacology200549(2):187-192.

454.WolffS,JiangZ,HuntJ,“Proteinglycationandoxidativestressindiabetesmellitusandageing”FreeRadicalBiology&Medicine199110(5):339-352.

455.BaynesJ,“Roleofoxidativestressindevelopmentofcomplicationsindiabetes”Diabetes199140(4):405-412.

456.SatoY,etal,“Lipidperoxidelevelinplasmaofdiabeticpatients”BiochemicalMedicine197921(1):104-107.

457.GinterE,“MarginalvitaminCdeficiency,lipidmetabolism,andatherogenesis”AdvancesinLipidResearch197816:167-220.

458.SomS,etal,“Ascorbicacidmetabolismindiabetesmellitus”Metabolism:ClinicalandExperimental198130(6):572-577.

459.StankovaL,etal,“Plasmaascorbateconcentrationsandbloodcelldehydroascorbatetransportinpatientswithdiabetesmellitus”Metabolism:ClinicalandExperimental198433(4):347-353.

460.MooradianA,MorleyJ,“Micronutrientstatusindiabetesmellitus“TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition198745(5):877-895.461.SimonJ,“VitaminCandcardiovasculardisease:areview”JournaloftheAmericanCollegeofNutrition199211(2):107-125.

462.PriceK,PriceC,ReynoldsR,“Hyperglycemia-inducedlatentscurvyandatherosclerosis:thescorbutic-metaplasiahypothesis”MedicalHypotheses199646(2):119-129.

463.BigleyR,etal,“Interactionbetweenglucoseanddehydroascorbatetransportinhumanneutrophilsandfibroblasts”Diabetes198332(6):545-548.

464.KapeghianJ,VerlangieriA,“Theeffectsofglucoseonascorbicaciduptakeinheartendothelialcells:possiblepathogenesisofdiabeticangiopathies”LifeSciences198434(6):577-584.

465.KhatamiM,LiW,RockeyJ,“Kineticsofascorbatetransportbyculturedretinalcapillarypericytes.Inhibitionbyglucose”InvestigativeOphthalmology&VisualScience198627(11):1665-1671.

466.SagunK,CarcamoJ,GoldeD,“VitaminCentersmitochondriaviafacilitativeglucosetransporter1(Glut1)andconfersmitochondrialprotectionagainstoxidativeinjury”TheFASEBJournal:OfficialPublicationoftheFederationofAmericanSocietiesforExperimentalBiology200519(12):1657-1667.

467.WilsonJ,“RegulationofvitaminCtransport”AnnualReviewofNutrition200525:105-125.

468.CunninghamJ,“Theglucose/insulinsystemandvitaminC:implicationsininsulin-dependentdiabetesmellitus”JournaloftheAmericanCollegeofNutrition199817(2):105-108.

469.SherryS,RalliE,“FurtherstudiesoftheeffectsofinsulinonthemetabolismofvitaminC”JournalofClinicalInvestigation194827:217-225.

470.WillJ,ByersT,“DoesdiabetesmellitusincreasetherequirementforvitaminC?NutritionReviews199654(7):193-202.

471.FisherE,etal,“Interactionofascorbicacidandglucoseonproductionofcollagenandproteoglycanbyfibroblasts”Diabetes199140(3):371-376.

472.ChenM,etal,“Hyperglycemia-inducedintracellulardepletionofascorbicacidinhumanmononuclearleukocytes”Diabetes198332(11):1078-1081.

473.KarpenC,etal,“InterrelationofplateletvitaminEandthromboxanesynthesisintypeIdiabetesmellitus”Diabetes198433(3):239-243.

474.SarjiK,etal,“DecreasedplateletvitaminCindiabetesmellitus:possibleroleinhyperaggregation”ThrombosisResearch197915(5/6):639-650.

475.Ibid.

476.WillJ,FordE,BowmanB,“SerumvitaminCconcentrationsanddiabetes:findingsfromtheThirdNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,1988-1994”AmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition199970(1):49-52.

477.SpittleC,“VitaminCanddeep-veinthrombosis”Lancet19732(7822):199-201&“TheactionofvitaminConbloodvessels”AmericanHeartJournal197488(3):387-388.

478.DouC,XuD,WellsW,“Studiesontheessentialroleofascorbicacidintheenergydependentreleaseofinsulinfrompancreaticislets”BiochemicalandBiophysicalResearchCommunications1997231(3):820-822.

479.KodamaM,etal,“DiabetesmellitusiscontrolledbyvitaminCtreatment”InVivo19937(6A):535-542.

480.BeltingC,HinklerJ,DummettC,“Influenceofdiabetesmellitusontheseverityofperiodontaldisease”JournalofPeriodontology196435:476.

481.AleoJ,“Diabetesandperiodontaldisease.PossibleroleofvitaminCdeficiency:anhypothesis”JournalofPeriodontology198152(5):251-254.482.FrankE,“Benefitsofstoppingsmoking”TheWesternJournalofMedicine1993159(1):83-86.

483.MennotiA,etal,“Forty-yearmortalityfromcardiovasculardiseasesandallcausesofdeathintheUSRailroadcohortoftheSevenCountriesStudy”EuropeanJournalofEpidemiology200419(5):417-424.

484.BourquinA,MusmannoE,“Preliminaryreportontheeffectofsmokingontheascorbicacidcontentofwholeblood”AmericanJournalofDigestiveDiseases195320:75-77.

485.StraussI,ScheerP,“EffectofnicotineonvitaminCmetabolism”InternationaleZeitschriftfurVitaminforschung19399:39-49.

486.McCormickW,“Coronarythrombosis:anewconceptofmechanismandetiology”ClinicalMedicine1957)July,pp.839-845.

487.DurandC,AudinotM,FrajdenrajchS,“HypovitaminoseClatenteettabac”ConcoursMedical196284:4801.488.StraussR,“EnvironmentaltobaccosmokeandserumvitaminClevelsinchildren”Pediatrics2001107(3):540-542.

489.PrestonA,etal,“InfluenceofenvironmentaltobaccosmokeonvitaminCstatusinchildren”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition200377(1):167-172.

490.PelletierO,“VitaminCandcigarettesmokers”AnnalsoftheNewYorkAcademyofSciences1975258:156-167.

491.PelletierO,“VitaminCandtobacco”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch.Supplement197716:147.

492.MaritzG,“Ascorbicacid.Protectionoflungtissueagainstdamage”SubcellularBiochemistry199625:265-291.

493.McCormickW,“Coronarythrombosis:anewconceptofmechanismandetiology”ClinicalMedicine1957July,pp.839-845.494.SolomonH,PrioreR,BrossI,“Cigarettesmokingandperiodontaldisease”JournaloftheAmericanDentalAssociation196877(5):1081-1084.

495.ShannonI,“Significantcorrelationsbetweengingivalscoresandascorbicacidstatus”JournalofDentalResearch197352(2):394.

496.CohenM,“Theeffectoflargedosesofascorbicacidongingivaltissueatpuberty”JournalofDentalResearch195534(Abstract):750.

497.TeramotoK,etal,“AcuteeffectoforalvitaminConcoronarycirculationinyounghealthysmokers”AmericanHeartJournal2005148(2):300-305.

498.GambleJ,GrewalP,GartsideI,“VitaminCmodifiesthecardiovascularandmicrovascularresponsestocigarettesmokeinhalationinman”ClinicalScience200098(4):455-460.

499.JanoffA,“Elastasesandemphysema.Currentassessmentoftheprotease-antiproteasehypothesis”TheAmericanReviewofRespiratoryDisease1985132(2):417-433.

500.RossR,“Rous-WhippleAwardLecture.Atherosclerosis:adefensemechanismgoneawry”AmericanJournalofPathology1993143(4):987-1002.

501.WeissS,“Tissuedestructionbyneutrophils”TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine1989320(6):365-376.

502.LehrH,ArforsK,“Mechanismsoftissuedamagebyleukocytes”CurrentOpinioninHematology19941(1):92-99.

503.LehrH,FreiB,ArforsK,“VitaminCpreventscigarettesmoke-inducedleukocyteaggregationandadhesiontoendotheliuminvivo”ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica199491(16):7688-7692.

504.KannelW,etal,“Fibrinogenandriskofcardiovasculardisease.TheFraminghamStudy”TheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation1987258(9):1183-1186.

505.Tunstall-PedoeH,etal,“Comparisonofthepredictionby27differentfactorsofcoronaryheartdiseaseanddeathinmenandwomenoftheScottishhearthealthstudy:cohortstudy”BMJ1997315(7110):722-729.

506.NyyssonenK,etal,“VitaminCdeficiencyandriskofmyocardialinfarction:prospectivepopulationstudyofmenfromeasternFinland”BMJ1997314(7081):634-638.

507.BielakL,etal,“Associationoffibrinogenwithquantityofcoronaryarterycalcificationmeasuredbyelectronbeamcomputedtomography”Arteriosclerosis,Thrombosis,andVascularBiology200020(9):2167-2171.

508.ParamoJ,etal,“Validationofplasmafibrinogenasamarkerofcarotidatherosclerosisinsubjectsfreeofclinicalcardiovasculardisease”Haematologica200489(10):1226-1231.

509.KhawK,WoodhouseP,“InterrelationofvitaminC,infection,haemostaticfactors,andcardiovasculardisease”BMJ(ClinicalResearched)1995310(6994):1559-1563.

510.HumeR,VallanceB,MuirM,“Ascorbatestatusandfibrinogenconcentrationsaftercerebrovascularaccident”JournalofClinicalPathology198235(2):195-199.

511.BordiaA,etal,“Acuteeffectofascorbicacidonfibrinolyticactivity”Atherosclerosis197830(4):351-354.512.ShimizuM,etal,“Effectofascorbicacidonfibrinolysis”ActaHaemotologicaJaponica197033(1):137-148.

ResourceE513.HaglerL,HermanR,“Oxalatemetabolism.III”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition197326(9):1006-1010.

514.OgawaY,MiyazatoT,HatanoT,“Oxalateandurinarystones”WorldJournalofSurgery200024(10):1154-1159.

515.OkeO,“Oxalicacidinplantsandinnutrition”WorldReviewofNutritionandDietetics196910:262-303.

516.LawtonJ,etal,“Acuteoxalatenephropathyaftermassiveascorbicacidadministration”ArchivesofInternalMedicine1985145(5):950-951.

517.NoeH,“Hypercalciuriaandpediatricstonerecurrenceswithandwithoutstructuralabnormalities”TheJournalofUrology2000164(3Pt2):1094-1096.

518.KinderJ,etal,“Urinarystoneriskfactorsinthesiblingsofpatientswithcalciumrenalstones”TheJournalofUrology2002167(5):1965-1967.

519.BushinskyD,etal,“Calciumoxalatestoneformationingenetichypercalciuricstone-formingrats”KidneyInternational200261(3):975-987.

520.BorghiL,etal,“Comparisonoftwodietsforthepreventionofrecurrentstonesinidiopathichypercalciuria”TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine2002346(2):77-84.

521.SwartzR,etal,“Hyperoxaluriaandrenalinsufficiencyduetoascorbicacidadministrationduringtotalparenteralnutrition”AnnalsofInternalMedicine1984100(4):530-531.

522.AlvarezM,TrabaM,RapadoA,“Hypocitraturiaasapathogenicriskfactorinthemixed(calciumoxalate/uricacid)renalstones”UrologiaInternationalis199248(3):342-346.

523.TekinA,etal,“Astudyoftheetiologyofidiopathiccalciumurolithiasisinchildren:hypocitruriaisthemostimportantriskfactor”TheJournalofUrology2000164(1):162-165.

524.YagisawaT,etal,“Contributorymetabolicfactorsinthedevelopmentofnephrolithiasisinpatientswithmedullaryspongekidney”AmericanJournalofKidneyDiseases200137(6):1140-1143.

525.MartinsM,etal,“Cystine:apromoterofthegrowthandaggregationofcalciumoxalatecrystalsinnormalundilutedhumanurine”TheJournalofUrology2002167(1):317-321.

526.PrieD,etal,“Frequencyofrenalphosphateleakamongpatientswithcalciumnephrolithiasis”KidneyInternational200160(1):272-276.

527.KoideT,“Hyperuricosuriaandurolithiasis”[ArticleinJapanese]NipponRinsho199654(12):3273-3276.

528.YagisawaT,etal,“Metaboliccharacteristicsoftheelderlywithrecurrentcalciumoxalatestones”BJUInternational199983(9):924-928.529.KhanS,ShevockP,HackettR,“Presenceoflipidsinurinarystones:resultsofpreliminarystudies”CalcifiedTissueInternational198842(2):91-

96.

530.KhanS,GlentonP,“Increasedurinaryexcretionoflipidsbypatientswithkidneystones”1996BritishJournalofUrology77(4):506-511.

531.MoussonC,etal,“Piridoxilate-inducedoxalatenephropathycanleadtoend-stagerenalfailure”Nephron199363(1):104-106.

532.BellizziV,etal,“Effectsofwaterhardnessonurinaryriskfactorsforkidneystonesinpatientswithidiopathicnephrolithiasis”Nephron199981(Suppl1):66-70.

533.SakhaeeK,etal,“Assessmentofthepathogeneticroleofphysicalexerciseinrenalstoneformation”TheJournalofClinicalEndocrinologyandMetabolism198765(5):974-979.

534.BorghiL,etal,“Urinaryvolume,waterandrecurrencesinidiopathiccalciumnephrolithiasis:a5-yearrandomizedprospectivestudy”TheJournalofUrology1996155(3):839-843.

535.RioboP,etal,“Updateontheroleofdietinrecurrentnephrolithiasis”[ArticleinSpanish]NutricionHospitalaria199813(4):167-171.

536.BorghiL,etal,“Urinevolume:stoneriskfactorandpreventivemeasure”Nephron1999a81(Suppl1):31-37.

537.WallI,TiseliusH,“Long-termacidificationofurineinpatientstreatedforinfectedrenalstones”UrologiaInternationalis199045(6):336-341.

538.HokamaS,etal,“AscorbateconversiontooxalateinalkalinemilieuandProteusmirabilisculture”MolecularUrology20004(4):321-328.

539.MurayamaT,etal,“RoleofthediurnalvariationofurinarypHandurinarycalciuminurolithiasis:astudyinoutpatients”InternationalJournalofUrology20018(10):525-531.

540.HsuT,etal,“AssociationofchangesinthepatternofurinarycalculiinTaiwanesewithdiethabitchangebetween1956and1999”JournaloftheFormosanMedicalAssociation2002101(1):5-10.

541.CurhanG,etal,“Comparisonofdietarycalciumwithsupplementalcalciumandothernutrientsasfactorsaffectingtheriskforkidneystonesinwomen”AnnalsofInternalMedicine1997126(7):497-504.

542.PowellR,“Purecalciumcarbonategallstonesinatwoyearoldinassociationwithprenatalcalciumsupplementation”JournalofPediatricSurgery198520(2):143-144.

543.BlackJ,“OxaluriainBritishtroopsinIndia”BritishMedicalJournal19451:590.

544.HodgkinsonA,ZarembskiP,“Oxalicacidmetabolisminman:areview”CalcifiedTissueResearch19682(2):115-132.

545.BroadusA,etal,“Theimportanceofcirculating1,25-dihydroxyvitaminDinthepathogenesisofhypercalciuriaandrenal-stoneformationinprimaryhyperparathyroidism”TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine1980302(8):421-426.

546.IchiokaK,etal,“AcaseofurolithiasisduetovitaminDintoxicationinapatientwithidiopathichypoparathyroidism”[ArticleinJapanese]HinyokikaKiyo.ActaUrologicaJaponica200248(4):231-234.

547.WilliamsH,SmithL,“Disordersofoxalatemetabolism”TheAmericanJournalofMedicine196845(5):715-735.

548.OrenA,etal,“Calciumoxalatekidneystonesinpatientsoncontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis”KidneyInternational198425(3):534-538.

549.ChenS,etal,“Renalexcretionofoxalateinpatientswithchronicrenalfailureornephrolithiasis”JournaloftheFormosanMedicalAssociation199089(8):651-656.

550.DaudonM,etal,“Urolithiasisinpatientswithendstagerenalfailure”TheJournalofUrology1992147(4):977-980.

551.KhanS,ThamilselvanS,“Nephrolithiasis:aconsequenceofrenalepithelialcellexposuretooxalateandcalciumoxalatecrystals”MolecularUrology20004(4):305-312.

552.BakaneB,NagtilakS,PatilB,“Urolithiasis:atribalscenario”IndianJournalofPediatrics199966(6):863-865.553.MasseyL,PalmerR,HornerH,“Oxalatecontentofsoybeanseeds(Glycinemax:Leguminosae),soyfoods,andotherediblelegumes”Journalof

AgriculturalandFoodChemistry200149(9):4262-4266.

554.McKayD,etal,“Herbaltea:analternativetoregularteaforthosewhoformcalciumoxalatestones”JournaloftheAmericanDieteticAssociation199595(3):360-361.

555.CurhanG,etal,“Prospectivestudyofbeverageuseandtheriskofkidneystones”AmericanJournalofEpidemiology1996143(3):240-247.

556.TerrisM,IssaM,TackerJ,“Dietarysupplementationwithcranberryconcentratetabletsmayincreasetheriskofnephrolithiasis”Urology200157(1):26-29.

557.ShieldsM,SimmonsR,“Urinarycalculusduringmethazolamidetherap”.AmericanJournalofOphthalmology197681(5):622-624.558.FleischH,“Inhibitorsandpromotersofstoneformation”KidneyInternational197813(5):361-371.

559.EttingerB,OldroydN,SorgelF,“Triamterenenephrolithiasis”TheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation1980244(21):2443-2445.

560.WolfC,etal,“Calciumoxalatestonesandhyperoxaluriasecondarytotreatmentwithpyridoxilate”[ArticleinFrench]Annalesd’urologie198519(5):313-317.

561.AhlstrandC,TiseliusH,“Urinecompositionandstoneformationduringtreatmentwithacetazolamide”ScandinavianJournalofUrologyandNephrology198721(3):225-228.

562.DaudonM,etal,“Piridoxilate-inducedcalciumoxalatecalculi:anewdrug-inducedmetabolicnephrolithiasis”TheJournalofUrology1987138(2):258-261.

563.MichelacciY,etal,“Possibleroleforchondroitinsulfateinurolithiasis:invivostudiesinanexperimentalmodel”ClinicaChimicaActa1992208(1-2):1-8.

564.KohanA,ArmenakasN,FracchiaJ,“Indinavirurolithiasis:anemergingcauseofrenalcolicinpatientswithhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus”TheJournalofUrology1999161(6):1765-1768.

565.SundaramC,SaltzmanB,“Urolithiasisassociatedwithproteaseinhibitors”JournalofEndourology199913(4):309-312.

566.GonzalezC,etal,“RenalcolicandlithiasisinHIV(+)-patientstreatedwithproteaseinhibitors”[ArticleinSpanish]ActasUrologicasEspanolas200024(3):212-218.

567.WuD,StollerM,“Indinavirurolithiasis”CurrentOpinioninUrology200010(6):557-561.568.ConyersR,BaisR,RofeA,“Therelationofclinicalcatastrophes,endogenousoxalateproduction,andurolithiasis”ClinicalChemistry1990

36(10):1717-1730.

569.MuthukumarA,SelvamR,“Roleofglutathioneonrenalmitochondrialstatusinhyperoxaluria”MolecularandCellularBiochemistry1998185(1-2):77-84.

570.FriedmanA,etal,“Secondaryoxalosisasacomplicationofparenteralalimentationinacuterenalfailure”AmericanJournalofNephrology19833(5):248-252.

571.SwartzR,etal,“Hyperoxaluriaandrenalinsufficiencyduetoascorbicacidadministrationduringtotalparenteralnutrition”AnnalsofInternalMedicine1984100(4):530-531.

572.GershoffS,etal,“VitaminB6deficiencyandoxalatenephrocalcinosisinthecat”TheAmericanJournalofMedicine195927:72.

573.FaberS,etal,“Theeffectsofaninducedpyridoxineandpantothenicaciddeficiencyonexcretionsofoxalicandxanthurenicacidsintheurine”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition196312:406.

574.GershoffS,“VitaminB6andoxalatemetabolism”VitaminsandHormones196422:581.

575.MitwalliA,etal,“Controlofhyperoxaluriawithlargedosesofpyridoxineinpatientswithkidneystones”InternationalUrologyandNephrology198820(4):353-359.

576.AlkhunaiziA,ChanL,“Secondaryoxalosis:acauseofdelayedrecoveryofrenalfunctioninthesettingofacuterenalfailure”JournaloftheAmericanSocietyofNephrology19967(11):2320-2326.

577.CurhanG,etal,“IntakeofvitaminsB6andCandtheriskofkidneystonesinwomen”JournaloftheAmericanSocietyofNephrology199910(4):840-845.

578.BuckleR,“Theglyoxylicacidcontentofhumanbloodanditsrelationshiptothiaminedeficiency”ClinicalScience196325:207.

579.GregoryJ,ParkK,SchoenbergH,“Oxalatestonediseaseafterintestinalresection”TheJournalofUrology1977117(5):631-634.580.DrenickE,etal,“Renaldamagewithintestinalbypass”AnnalsofInternalMedicine197889(5):594-599.

581.NightingaleJ,“Managementofpatientswithashortbowel”Nutrition199915(7-8):633-637.

582.NightingaleJ,“Managementofpatientswithashortbowel”WorldJournalofGastroenterology20017(6):741-751.

583.TrinchieriA,etal,“Clinicalobservationson2086patientswithupperurinarytractstone”ArchivioItalianodiUrologia,Andrologia199668(4):251-262.

584.DewanB,etal,“Upperurinarytractstones&Ureaplasmaurealyticum”TheIndianJournalofMedicalResearch1997105:15-21.

585.DaskalovaS,etal,“Arebacterialproteinspartofthematrixofkidneystones?”MicrobialPathogenesis199825(4):197-201.586.HokamaS,etal,“AscorbateconversiontooxalateinalkalinemilieuandProteusmirabilisculture”MolecularUrology20004(4):321-328.

587.SohshangH,etal,“Biochemicalandbacteriologicalstudyofurinarycalculi”TheJournalofCommunicableDiseases200032(3):216-221.

588.KimH,CheighJ,HamH,“Urinarystonesfollowingrenaltransplantation”TheKoreanJournalofInternalMedicine200116(2):118-122.

589.ScheidC,etal,“OxalatetoxicityinLLC-PK1cells:roleoffreeradicals”KidneyInternational199649(2):413-419.

590.MuthukumarA,SelvamR,“Roleofglutathioneonrenalmitochondrialstatusinhyperoxaluria”MolecularandCellularBiochemistry1998185(1-2):77-84.

591.DaudonM,etal,“Unusualmorphologyofcalciumoxalatecalculiinprimaryhyperoxaluria”JournalofNephrology199811(Suppl1):51-55.592.Ralph-EdwardsA,etal,“Ajejuno-ilealbypasspatientpresentingwithrecurrentrenalstonesduetoprimaryhyperparathyroidism”Obesity

Surgery19922(3):265-268.

593.YamaguchiS,etal,“Earlystageofurolithiasisformationinexperimentalhyperparathyroidism”TheJournalofUrology2001165(4):1268-1273.

594.NikakhtarB,etal,“Urolithiasisinpatientswithspinalcordinjury”Paraplegia198119(6):363-366.

595.SarkissianA,etal,“PediatricurolithiasisinArmenia:astudyof198patientsobservedfrom1991to1999”PediatricNephrology200116(9):728-732.

596.TorresV,etal,“Theassociationofnephrolithiasisandautosomaldominantpolycystickidneydisease”AmericanJournalofKidneyDiseases198811(4):318-325.

597.TorresV,etal,“Renalstonediseaseinautosomaldominantpolycystickidneydisease”AmericanJournalofKidneyDiseases199322(4):513-519.

598.ShiraishiK,etal,“UrolithiasisassociatedwithCrohn’sdisease:acasereport”[ArticleinJapanese]HinyokikaKiyo.ActaUrologicaJaponica.199844(10):719-723.

599.BunoA,etal,“LithogenicriskfactorsforrenalstonesinpatientswithCrohn’sdisease”ArchivosEspanolesdeUrologia200154(3):282-292.

600.McConnellN,etal,“Riskfactorsfordevelopingrenalstonesininflammatoryboweldisease”BJUInternational200289(9):835-841.

601.TurnerM,GoldwaterD,DavidT,“Oxalateandcalciumexcretionincysticfibrosis”ArchivesofDiseaseinChildhood200083(3):244-247.602.Perez-BrayfieldM,etal,“Metabolicriskfactorsforstoneformationinpatientswithcysticfibrosis”TheJournalofUrology2002167(2Pt

1):480-484.

603.SharmaO,“VitaminD,calcium,andsarcoidosis”Chest1996109(2):535-539.

604.RodmanJ,MahlerR,“Kidneystonesasamanifestationofhypercalcemicdisorders.Hyperparathyroidismandsarcoidosis”TheUrologicClinicsofNorthAmerica200027(2):275-285,viii.

605.BohlesH,etal,“Antibiotictreatment-inducedtubulardysfunctionasariskfactorforrenalstoneformationincysticfibrosis”JournalofPediatrics2002140(1):103-109.

606.SinghP,etal,“Evidencesuggestingthathighintakeoffluorideprovokesnephrolithiasisintribalpopulations”UrologicalResearch200129(4):238-244.

607.HwangT,etal,“Effectofprolongedbedrestonthepropensityforrenalstoneformation”TheJournalofClinicalEndocrinologyandMetabolism198866(1):109-112.

608.TorrecillaC,etal,“Incidenceandtreatmentofurinarylithiasisinrenaltransplantation”[ArticleinSpanish]ActasUrologicasEspanolas200125(5):357-363.

609.BorghiL,etal,“Essentialarterialhypertensionandstonedisease”KidneyInternational199955(6):2397-2406.

610.HallW,etal,“RiskfactorsforkidneystonesinolderwomeninthesouthernUnitedStates”TheAmericanJournaloftheMedicalSciences2001322(1):12-18.

611.HughesJ,NormanR,“Dietandcalciumstones.CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal1992146(2):137-143.

612.BurnsJ,BurchH,KingC,“Themetabolismof1-C14-L-ascorbicacidinguineapigs”TheJournalofBiologicalChemistry1951191:501.

613.NguyenN,etal,“Urinarycalciumandoxalateexcretionduringoralfructoseorglucoseloadinman”HormoneandMetabolicResearch198921(2):96-99.

614.HildebrandtR,ShanklinD,“Oxalosisandpregnancy”AmericanJournalofObstetricsandGynecology196284:65.

615.MaikranzP,etal,“Gestationalhypercalciuriacausespathologicalurinecalciumoxalatesupersaturations”KidneyInternational198936(1):108-113.

616.MazzeR,ShueG,JacksonS,“Renaldysfunctionassociatedwithmethoxyfluraneanesthesia.Arandomized,prospectiveclinicalevaluation”TheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation1971216(2):278-288.

617.MazzeR,TrudellJ,CousinsM“Methoxyfluranemetabolismandrenaldysfunction:clinicalcorrelationinman”Anesthesiology197135(3):247-252.

618.SilverbergD,etal,“Oxalicacidexcretionaftermethoxyfluraneandhalothaneanaesthesia”CanadianAnaesthetists’SocietyJournal197118(5):496-504.

619.FurthS,etal,“Riskfactorsforurolithiasisinchildrenontheketogenicdiet”PediatricNephrology200015(1-2):125-128.620.WhitsonP,PietrzykR,PakC,“RenalstoneriskassessmentduringSpaceShuttleflights”TheJournalofUrology1997158(6):2305-2310.

621.WhitsonP,PietrzykR,PakC,“Spaceflightandtheriskofrenalstones”JournalofGravitationalPhysiology19996(1):P87-P88.

622.PruC,EatonJ,KjellstrandC,“VitaminCintoxicationandhyperoxalemiainchronichemodialysispatients”Nephron198539(2):112-116.

623.UrivetzkyM,KessarisD,SmithA,“Ascorbicacidoverdosing:ariskfactorforcalciumoxalatenephrolithiasis”TheJournalofUrology1992147(5):1215-1218.

624.AuerB,AuerD,RodgersA,“Relativehyperoxaluria,crystalluriaandhaematuriaaftermegadoseingestionofvitaminC”EuropeanJournalofClinicalInvestigation199828(9):695-700.

625.KalokerinosA,DettmanI,DettmanG,“VitaminC.Thedangersofcalciumandsafetyofsodiumascorbate”TheAustralasianNursesJournal198110(3):22.

626.TsugawaN,etal,“Intestinalabsorptionofcalciumfromcalciumascorbateinrats”JournalofBoneandMineralMetabolism199917(1):30-36.

ResourceH

Aflatoxin627.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.206.

628.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin

629.NetkeS,etal,“Ascorbicacidprotectsguineapigsfromacuteaflatoxintoxicity”ToxicologyandAppliedPharmacology1997143(2):429-435.630.SalemM,etal,“ProtectiveroleofascorbicacidtoenhancesemenqualityofrabbitstreatedwithsublethaldosesofaflatoxinB(1)”Toxicology

2001162(3):209-218.

631.VermaR,ShuklaR,MehtaD,“InteractionofaflatoxinwithL-ascorbicacid:akineticandmechanisticapproach”NaturalToxins19997(1):25-29.

632.BoseS,SinhaS,“Aflatoxin-inducedstructuralchromosomalchangesandmitoticdisruptioninmousebonemarrow”1991MutationResearch261(1):15-19.

633.RainaV,GurtooH,“EffectsofvitaminsA,C,andEonaflatoxinB1-inducedmutagenesisinSalmonellatyphimuriumTA-98andTA-100”1985Teratogenesis,Carcinogenesis,andMutagenesis5(1):29-40.

634.BhattacharyaR,FrancisA,ShettyT,“ModifyingroleofdietaryfactorsonthemutagenicityofaflatoxinB1:invitroeffectofvitamins”1987MutationResearch188(2):121-128.

AIDS

635.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“History,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.412.

636.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“Treatment,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.412.

637.CathcartR,“VitaminCinthetreatmentofacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)”MedicalHypotheses198414(4):423-433.638.CathcartR,“LettertotheEditor”Lancet1990335:235.

639.EverallI,HudsonL,KerwinR,“Decreasedabsolutelevelsofascorbicacidandunalteredvasoactiveintestinalpolypeptidereceptorbindinginthefrontalcortexinacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome”NeuroscienceLetters1997224(2):119-122.

640.AllardJ,etal,“EffectsofvitaminEandCsupplementationonoxidativestressandviralloadinHIVinfectedsubjects”AIDS199812(13):1653-1659.

641.KotlerD,“AntioxidanttherapyandHIVinfection:1998[editorial]”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition199867:7-9.

642.CathcartR,“LettertotheEditor”Lancet1990335:235.

643.HarakehS,JariwallaR,“Comparativestudyoftheanti-HIVactivitiesofascorbateandthiol-containingreducingagentsinchronicallyHIV-infectedcells”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition199154(6Suppl):1231S-1235S.

644.HarakehS,JariwallaR,PaulingL,“Suppressionofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusreplicationbyascorbateinchronicallyandacutelyinfectedcells”ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica(1990)87(18):7245-7249.

645.MullerR,etal,“VirologicalandimmunologicaleffectsofantioxidanttreatmentinpatientswithHIVinfection”EuropeanJournalofClinicalInvestigation200030(10):905-914.

646.TangA,etal,“Dietarymicronutrientintakeandriskofprogressiontoacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)inhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1(HIV-1)-infectedhomosexualmen”AmericanJournalofEpidemiology1993138(11):937-951.

647.TreitingerA,etal,“Decreasedantioxidantdefenceinindividualsinfectedbythehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus”EuropeanJournalofClinicalInvestigation200030(5):454-459.

648.KataokaA,etal,“Intermittenthigh-dosevitaminCtherapyinpatientswithHTLV-1associatedmyelopathy”JournalofNeurology,Neurosurgery,andPsychiatry199356(11):1213-1216.

649.KataokaA,etal,“Intermittenthigh-dosevitaminCtherapyinpatientswithHTLV-1-associatedmyelopathy”[ArticleinJapanese]RinshoShinkeigaku.ClinicalNeurology199333(3):282-288.

650.DelaAsuncionJ,etal,“AZTtreatmentinducesmolecularandultrastructuraloxidativedamagetomusclemitochondria.Preventionbyantioxidantvitamins”TheJournalofClinicalInvestigation1998102(1):4-9.

Alcohol651.MiquelM,AguilarM,AragonC,“Ascorbicacidantagonizesethanol-inducedlocomotoractivityintheopen-field”Pharmacology,Biochemistry,

andBehavior199962(2):361-366.

652.SusickJrR,ZannoniV,“Effectofascorbicacidontheconsequencesofacutealcoholconsumptioninhumans”ClinicalPharmacologyandTherapeutics198741(5):502-509.

653.BusnelR,LehmannA,“Antagonisticeffectofsodiumascorbateonethanol-inducedchangesinswimmingofmice”BehaviouralBrainResearch19801(4):351-356.

654.KlennerF,“Observationsonthedoseandadministrationofascorbicacidwhenemployedbeyondtherangeofavitamininhumanpathology”JournalofAppliedNutrition197123(3&4):61-88.

655.MeagherE,etal,“Alcohol-inducedgenerationoflipidperoxidationproductsinhumans”TheJournalofClinicalInvestigation1999104(6):805-813.

656.ZhouJ,ChenP,“StudiesontheoxidativestressinalcoholabusersinChina”BiomedicalandEnvironmentalSciences200114(3):180-188.657.FaizallahR,ETAL,“AlcoholenhancesvitaminCexcretionintheurine”AlcoholandAlcoholism198621(1):81-84.

658.vanderGaagM,etal,“Moderateconsumptionofbeer,redwineandspiritshascounteractingeffectsonplasmaantioxidantsinmiddle-agedmen”EuropeanJournalofClinicalNutrition200054(7):586-591.

659.WickramasingheS,HasanR,“InvivoeffectsofvitaminConthecytotoxicityofpost-ethanolserum”BiochemicalPharmacology199448(3):621-624.

660.KrasnerN,etal,“Ascorbic-acidsaturationandethanolmetabolism”Lancet19742(7882):693-695.

661.MoldowanM,AcholonuW,“Effectofascorbicacidorthiamineonacetaldehyde,disulfiram-ethanol-ordisulfiram-acetaldehyde-inducedmortality”AgentsandActions198212(5-6):731-736.

662.YuniceA,LindemanR,“Effectofascorbicacidandzincsulfateonethanoltoxicityandmetabolism”ProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiologyandMedicine1977154(1):146-150.

663.TamuraT,etal,“Studiesontheantidotalactionofdrugs.Part1.VitaminCanditsantidotaleffectagainstalcoholicandnicotinepoisoning”TheJournalofNihonUniversitySchoolofDentistry196911(4):149-151.

664.NavasumritP,etal,“Ethanol-inducedfreeradicalsandhepaticDNAstrandbreaksarepreventedinvivobyantioxidants:effectsofacuteandchronicethanolexposure”Carcinogenesis200021(1):93-99.

665.SureshM,MenonB,IndiraM,“EffectsofexogenousvitaminConethanoltoxicityinrats”IndianJournalofPhysiologyandPharmacology200044(4):401-410.

666.GinterE,ZlochZ,“InfluenceofvitaminCstatusonthemetabolicrateofasingledoseofethanol-1-(14)Cinguineapigs”PhysiologicalResearch199948(5):369-373.

667.GinterE,ZlochZ,OndreickaR,“InfluenceofvitaminCstatusonethanolmetabolisminguinea-pigs”PhysiologicalResearch199847(2):137-141.

668.SureshM,etal,“Interactionofethanolandascorbicacidonlipidmetabolisminguineapigs”IndianJournalofExperimentalBiology199735(10):1065-1069.

669.SusickJrR,ZannoniV,“AscorbicacidandelevatedSGOTlevelsafteranacutedoseofethanolintheguineapig”Alcoholism,Clinicaland

ExperimentalResearch198711(3):265-268.

670.ZannoniV,etal,“Ascorbicacid,alcohol,andenvironmentalchemicals”AnnalsoftheNewYorkAcademyofSciences1987498:364-388.

Aluminum671.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“History,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.20.

672.AnaneR,CreppyE,“Lipidperoxidationaspathwayofaluminiumcytotoxicityinhumanskinfibroblastcultures:preventionbysuperoxidedismutase+catalaseandvitaminsEandC”Human&ExperimentalToxicology200120(9):477-481.

673.SwainC,ChainyG,“Invitrostimulationofchickbrainlipidperoxidationbyaluminium,andeffectsofTiron,EDTAandsomeantioxidants”IndianJournalofExperimentalBiology200038(12):1231-1235.

674.FultonB,JefferyE,“Absorptionandretentionofaluminumfromdrinkingwater.Effectofcitricandascorbicacidsonaluminumtissuelevelsinrabbits”FundamentalandAppliedToxicology199014(4):788-796.

675.DhirH,etal,“ModificationofclastogenicityofleadandaluminiuminmousebonemarrowcellsbydietaryingestionofPhyllanthusemblicafruitextract”MutationResearch1990241(3):305-312.

676.RoyA,DhirH,SharmaA,“Modificationofmetal-inducedmicronucleiformationinmousebonemarrowerythrocytesbyPhyllanthusfruitextractandascorbicacid”ToxicologyLetters199262(1):9-17.

Alzheimer’s/Dementia677.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“DementiaDefinition,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.425.

678.BennettS,GrantMM,AldredS,“OxidativestressinvasculardementiaandAlzheimer’sdisease:acommonpathology,”JAlzheimersDis.2009;17(2):245-57.

679.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“PreventionandTreatment,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.425.680.HarrisonFE,etal,“VitaminCdeficiencyincreasesbasalexploratoryactivitybutdecreasesscopolamine-inducedactivityinAPP/PSEN1

transgenicmice,”PharmacolBiochemBehav.2010Feb;94(4):543-52.

681.HarrisonFE,etal,“AntioxidantsandcognitivetraininginteracttoaffectoxidativestressandmemoryinAPP/PSEN1mice,”NutrNeurosci.2009Oct;12(5):203-18.

682.HarrisonFE,etal,“Ascorbicacidattenuatesscopolamine-inducedspatiallearningdeficitsinthewatermaze,”BehavBrainRes.2009Dec28;205(2):550-8.

683.FotuhiM,etal.“BettercognitiveperformanceinelderlytakingantioxidantvitaminsEandCsupplementsincombinationwithnonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs:theCacheCountyStudy,”AlzheimersDement.2008May;4(3):223-7.

684.CornelliU,“TreatmentofAlzheimer’sdiseasewithacholinesteraseinhibitorcombinedwithantioxidants,”NeurodegenerDis.2010;7(1-3):193-202

AmphetaminePoisoning685.Onlinearticleathttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/812518-treatment#a1126

686.BeyerC,“RapidrecoveryfromEcstasyintoxication”SouthAfricanMedicalJournal200191(9):708-709.687.WagnerG,CarelliR,JarvisM,“Pretreatmentwithascorbicacidattenuatestheneurotoxiceffectsofmethamphetamineinrats”Research

CommunicationsinChemicalPathologyandPharmacology198547(2):221-228.

688.MiquelM,AguilarM,AragonC,“Ascorbicacidantagonizesethanol-inducedlocomotoractivityintheopen-field”Pharmacology,Biochemistry,andBehavior199962(2):361-366.

689.DeVitoM,WagnerG,“Methamphetamine-inducedneuronaldamage:apossibleroleforfreeradicals”Neuropharmacology198928(10):1145-1150.

690.RebecG,etal,“Ascorbicacidandthebehavioralresponsetohaloperidol:implicationsfortheactionofantipsychoticdrugs”Science1985227(4685):438-440.

691.WhiteL,etal,“Ascorbateantagonizesthebehavioraleffectsofamphetaminebyacentralmechanism”Psychopharmacology198894(2):284-287.

ArsenicPoisoning692.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“Arsenic,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.20.

693.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“Arsenic:Treatment,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.20.694.LahiriK,“Advancementinthetreatmentofarsenicalintolerance”IndianJournalofVenerealDiseasesandDermatology19439(1):115-117.

695.ChattopadhyayS,etal,“Protectionofsodiumarsenite-inducedovariantoxicitybycoadministrationofL-ascorbate(vitaminC)inmatureWistarstrainrat”ArchivesofEnvironmentalContaminationandToxicology200141(1):83-89.

696.GradJ,etal,“Ascorbicacidenhancesarsenictrioxide-inducedcytotoxicityinmultiplemyelomacells”Blood200198(3):805-813.

697.GaoF,etal,“AscorbicacidenhancestheapoptosisofU937cellsinducedbyarsenictrioxideincombinationwithDMNQanditsmechanism”[ArticleinChinese]ZhonghuaXueyexueZazhi200223(1):9-11.

698.Bachleitner-HofmannT,etal,“Arsenictrioxideandascorbicacid:synergywithpotentialimplicationsforthetreatmentofacutemyeloidleukaemia?”BritishJournalofHaematology2001112(3):783-786.

Arthritis699.YudohK,etal,“Potentialinvolvementofoxidativestressincartilagesenescenceanddevelopmentofosteoarthritis:oxidativestressinduces

chondrocytetelomereinstabilityanddownregulationofchondrocytefunction”ArthritisResTher.2005;7(2):R380-91.

700.JaswalS,etal,“Antioxidantstatusinrheumatoidarthritisandroleofantioxidanttherapy”ClinChimActa.2003Dec;338(1-2):123-9.701.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“MedicalTherapy”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.285.

702.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“MedicalTherapy”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.286.

703.KhodyrevVN,etal,“Theinfluenceofthevitamin-mineralcomplexuponthebloodvitamin,calciumandphosphorusofpatientswithostreoarthrosis”VoprPitan.2006;75(2):44-7.

704.LauH,MassassoD,JoshuaF,“Skin,muscleandjointdiseasefromthe17thcentury:scurvy”IntJRheumDis.2009Dec;12(4):361-5.705.KumarV,ChoudhuryP,“Scurvy—aforgottendiseasewithanunusualpresentation”TropDoct.2009Jul;39(3):190-2.

706.VitaleA,etal,“Arthritisandgumbleedingintwochildren”JPaediatrChildHealth.2009Mar;45(3):158-60.ReganEA,BowlerRP,CrapoJD,“ointfluidantioxidantsaredecreasedinosteoarthriticjointscomparedtojointswithmacroscopicallyintactcartilageandsubacuteinjury”OsteoarthritisCartilage2008Apr;16(4):515-21.

707.ChoiHK,etal,“Dietaryriskfactorsforrheumaticdiseases,”CurrOpinRheumatol.2005Mar;17(2):141-6.

708.PattisonDJ,etal,“VitaminCandtheriskofdevelopinginflammatorypolyarthritis:prospectivenestedcase-controlstudy”AnnRheumDis.2004Jul;63(7):843-7.

709.WangY,etal,“Effectofantioxidantsonkneecartilageandboneinhealthy,middle-agedsubjects:across-sectionalstudy”ArthritisResTher.2007;9(4):R66.

710.SakaiA,atal,“Large-doseascorbicacidadministrationsuppressesthedevelopmentofarthritisinadjuvant-infectedrats”ArchOrthopTraumaSurg.1999;119(3-4):121-6.

BarbiturateOverdose711.Articleonlineat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturate_overdose712.Articleonlineat:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/813155-treatment#a1126

713.KlennerF,“Observationsonthedoseandadministrationofascorbicacidwhenemployedbeyondtherangeofavitamininhumanpathology”JournalofAppliedNutrition197123(3&4):61-88.

714.KaoH,JaiS,YoungY,“Astudyofthetherapeuticeffectoflargedosageofinjectionascorbiciacidionthedepressionofthecentralnervoussystemasinacutepoisoningduetobarbiturates”[ArticleinChinese]ActaPharmaceuticaSinica196512(11):764-765.

BenzanthronePoisoning715.Articleonllineat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzanthrone

716.Articleonlineat:http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+5245

717.DwivediN,DasM,KhannaS,“Roleofbiologicalantioxidantsinbenzanthronetoxicity”ArchivesofToxicology200175(4):221-226.

718.PandyaK,SinghG,JoshiN,“Effectofbenzanthroneonthebodylevelofascorbicacidinguineapigs”ActaPharmacologicaetToxicologica197028(6):499-506.

719.DasM,etal,“Attenuationofbenzanthronetoxicitybyascorbicacidinguineapigs”FundamentalandAppliedToxicology199422(3):447-456.

720.DwivediN,etal,“Modulationbyascorbicacidofthecutaneousandhepaticbiochemicaleffectsinducedbytopicallyappliedbenzanthroneinmice”FoodandChemicalToxicology199331(7):503-508.

721.GargK,etal,“Effectofextraneoussupplementationofascorbicacidonthebio-dispositionofbenzanthroneinguineapigs”FoodandChemicalToxicology199230(11):967-971.

722.DasM,etal,“Bio-eliminationandorganretentionprofileofbenzanthroneinscorbuticandnon-scorbuticguineapigs”BiochemicalandBiophysicalResearchCommunications1991178(3):1405-1412.

BenzenePoisoning723.Onlinearticleat:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002720.htm

724.Onlinearticleat:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/benzene/treatment_management.html

725.MeyerA,“Benzenepoisoning”TheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation1937108(11):911.726.CathalaJ,BolgertM,GrenetP,“Scorbutchezunsujetsoumisauneintoxicationbenzoliqueprofessionelle”BulletMemSocdHopdeParis1936

52:1648.

727.LurieJ,“BenzeneintoxicationandvitaminC”TheTransactionsoftheAssociationofIndustrialMedicalOfficers196515:78-79.

728.WuJ,KarlssonK,DanielssonA,“ProtectiveeffectsoftroloxC,vitaminC,andcatalaseonbromobenzene-induceddamagetorathepatocytes”ScandinavianJournalofGastroenterology199631(8):797-803.

729.GonteaI,etal,“InfluenceofchronicbenzeneintoxicationonvitaminCintheguineapigandrat”Igiena196918:1-11.

Brucellosis730.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,Chap.331,Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008.

731.BouraP,etal,“Monocytelocomotioninanergicchronicbrucellosispatients:theinvivoeffectofascorbicacid”ImmunopharmacologyandImmunotoxicology198911(1):119-129.

732.MickE,“Brucellosisanditstreatment.Observationspreliminaryreport”ArchivesofPediatrics195572:119-125.

CadmiumPoisoning733.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_poisoning734.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“ChronicPoisoning:TraceMetals,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.20.

735.NagyovaA,GalbavyS,GinterE,“HistopathologicalevidenceofvitaminCprotectionagainstCd-nephrotoxicityinguineapigs”ExperimentalandToxicologicPathology199446(1):11-14.

736.KubovaJ,etal,“Theinfluenceofascorbicacidonselectedparametersofcellimmunityinguineapigsexposedtocadmium”ZeitschriftfurErnahrungswissenschaft199332(2):113-120.

737.HudecovaA,GinterE,“Theinfluenceofascorbicacidonlipidperoxidationinguineapigsintoxicatedwithcadmium”FoodandChemicalToxicology199230(12):1011-1013.

738.KadrabovaJ,MadaricA,Ginter,“Theeffectofascorbicacidoncadmiumaccumulationinguineapigtissues”Experientia199248(10):989-991.

739.ShiraishiN,UnoH,WaalkesM,“EffectofL-ascorbicacidpretreatmentoncadmiumtoxicityinthemaleFischer(F344/NCr)rat”Toxicology199385(2-3):85-100.

740.FahmyM,AlyF,“Invivoandinvitrostudiesonthegenotoxicityofcadmiumchlorideinmice”JournalofAppliedToxicology200020(3):231-238.

741.RambeckW,GuillotI,“Bioavailabilityofcadmium:effectofvitaminCandphytaseinbroilerchickens”[ArticleinGerman]TierarztlichePraxis199624(5):467-470.

742.RotheS,etal,“TheeffectofvitaminCandzinconthecopper-inducedincreaseofcadmiumresiduesinswine”[ArticleinGerman]ZeitschriftfurErnahrungswissenshaft199433(1):61-67.

Cancer743.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer

744.Definition,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.192

745.RiordanHD,etal,“IntravenousVitaminCasaChemotherapyAgent:AReportonClinicalCases”PuertoRicoHealthSci.J2004,23-2:115.

746.RiordanHD,etal,“IntravenousVitaminCasaChemotherapyAgent:AReportonClinicalCases”PuertoRicoHealthSci.J2004,23-2:117.747.RiordanHD,etal,“IntravenousVitaminCasaChemotherapyAgent:AReportonClinicalCases”PuertoRicoHealthSci.J2004,23-2:115.

748.JacksonJA,etal,“Sixteen-YearHistorywithHighDoseIntravenousVitaminCTreatmentforVariousTypesofCancerandOtherDiseases,”JOrthomolMed2002,17-2:117-119.

749.PadayattySJ,etal,“IntravenouslyadministeredvitaminCascancertherapy:threecases”CanadianMed.Assoc.JournalMar28,2006;174(7).

750.JacksonJA,RiordanHD,SchultzM,“High-doseintravenousvitaminCinthetreatmentofapatientwithadenocarcinomaofthekidneys–acasestudy”JOrthomolMed1990;5-1:5-7.

751.JacksonJA,etal,“High-doseintravenousvitaminCandlongtimesurvivalofapatientwithCanceroftheheadofthepancreas”JOrthomolMed199510-2:87-88.

752.RiordanNH,JacksonJA,RiordanHD,“IntravenousvitaminCinaterminalcancerpatient”JOrthomolMed199611-2:80-82.753.RiordanHD,etal.,“High-doseintravenousvitaminCinthetreatmentofapatientwithrenalcellcarcinomaofthekidney,”JOrthomolMed1998

13-2:72-73.

754.http://www.oasisofhope.com/irt_ch17_survival_statistics.php

755.KurbacherC,etal,“Ascorbicacid(vitaminC)improvestheantineoplasticactivityofdoxorubicin,cisplatin,andpaclitaxelinhumanbreastcarcinomacellsinvitro”CancerLetters1996103(2):183-189.

756.ShimpoK,etal,“Ascorbicacidandadriamycintoxicity”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition199154(6Suppl):1298S-1301S.

757.PadayattySJ,etal.,“IntravenouslyadministeredvitaminCascancertherapy:threecases”CanadianMed.Assoc.JournalMar282006174(7).

758.KurbacherC,etal,“Ascorbicacid(vitaminC)improvestheantineoplasticactivityofdoxorubicin,cisplatin,andpaclitaxelinhumanbreastcarcinomacellsinvitro”CancerLetters1996103(2):183-189.

CarbonTetrachloridePoisoning759.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_tetrachloride_poisoning760.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“AcutePoisoning,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.111.

761.SheweitaS,El-GabarM,BastawyM,“CarbontetrachloridechangestheactivityofcytochromeP450systemintheliverofmalerats:roleofantioxidants”Toxicology2001169(2):83-92.

762.SheweitaS,El-GabarM,BastawyM,“Carbontetrachloride-inducedchangesintheactivityofphaseIIdrug-metabolizingenzymeintheliverofmalerats:roleofantioxidants”2001Toxicology165(2-3):217-224.

763.AdemuyiwaO,AdesanyaO,AjuwonO,“VitaminCinCCl4hepatotoxicityčapreliminaryreport”Human&ExperimentalToxicology199413(2):107-109.

764.SolimanM,etal,“VitaminCasprophylacticdrugagainstexperimentalhepatotoxicity”TheJournaloftheEgyptianMedicalAssociation196548(11):806-812.

765.ChatterjeeA,“Roleofascorbicacidinthepreventionofgonadalinhibitionbycarbontetrachloride”Endokrinologie196751(5-6):319-322.

Cholesterol(HighLevelsofLDL)766.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“DisordersofLipidMetabolism,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.217.767.TaylorF,etal,“Statinsfortheprimarypreventionofcardiovasculardisease“CochraneDatabaseSystRev.2011Jan19;(1):CD004816.

768.WillisG,“Anexperimentalstudyoftheintimalgroundsubstanceinatherosclerosis”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal195369:17-22.

769.DuffG,“Experimentalcholesterolarteriosclerosisanditsrelationshiptohumanarteriosclerosis”ArchivesofPathology193520:81-123,259-304.

770.TurleyS,WestC,HortonB,“Theroleofascorbicacidintheregulationofcholesterolmetabolismandinthepathogenesisofatherosclerosis”Atherosclerosis197624(1-2):1-18.

771.GinterE,“Ascorbicacidincholesterolandbileacidmetabolism”AnnalsoftheNewYorkAcademyofSciences1975258:410-421.

772.GinterE,etal,“Loweredcholesterolcatabolisminguineapigswithchronicascorbicaciddeficiency”AmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition197124(10):1238-1245.

773.BanerjeeS,SinghH,“Cholesterolmetabolisminscorbuticguineapigs”JournalofBiologicalChemistry1958233(1):336-339.

774.MaedaN,etal,“Aorticwalldamageinmiceunabletosynthesizeascorbicacid”ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnited

StatesofAmerica200097(2):841-846.

775.DentF,HayesR,BookerW,“Furtherevidenceofcholesterol-ascorbicacidantagonisminblood;roleofadrenocorticalhormones”FederationProceedings195118:291.

776.BookerW,etal,“Cholesterol-ascorbicacidrelationship;changesinplasmaandcellascorbicacidandplasmacholesterolfollowingadministrationofascorbicacidandcholesterol”AmericanJournalofPhysiology1957189:75-77.

777.SitaramayyaC,AliT,“Studiesonexperimentalhypercholesterolemiaandatherosclerosis”JournalofPhysiologyandPharmacology19626:192-204.

778.SadavaD,etal,“TheeffectofvitaminContherapidinductionofaorticchangesinrabbits”JournalofNutritionalScienceandVitaminology198228(2):85-92.

779.GinterE,KajabaT,NiznerO,“TheeffectofascorbicacidoncholesterolemiainhealthysubjectswithseasonaldeficitofvitaminC”NutritionandMetabolism19702(2):76-86.

780.GinterE,etal,“Effectofascorbicacidonplasmacholesterolinhumansinalong-termexperiment”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch197747(2):123-134.

781.GinterE,“MarginalvitaminCdeficiency,lipidmetabolism,andatherogenesis”AdvancesinLipidResearch197816:167-220.

782.SokoloffB,etal,“Aging,atherosclerosisandascorbicacidmetabolism”JournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSociety196614(12):1239-1260.783.TurleyS,WestC,HortonB,“Theroleofascorbicacidintheregulationofcholesterolmetabolismandinthepathogenesisofatherosclerosis”

Atherosclerosis197624(1-2):1-18

784.GinterE,etal,“Loweredcholesterolcatabolisminguineapigswithchronicascorbicaciddeficiency”AmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition197124(10):1238-1245.

785.WillisG,“Anexperimentalstudyoftheintimalgroundsubstanceinatherosclerosis”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal195369:17-22.

786.DateyK,etal,“Ascorbicacidandexperimentalatherosclerosis”JournaloftheAssociationofPhysiciansofIndia196816(9):567-570.

ChromiumPoisoning787.Onlinearticleat:http://www.weitzlux.com/exposedchromiumpoisoning_712.html

788.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“ChronicPoisoning:TraceMetals,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.20.

789.SamitzM,ShragerJ,KatzS,“Studiesonthepreventionofinjuriouseffectsofchromatesinindustry”IndustrialMedicineandSurgery196231:427-432.

790.PirozziD,GrossP,SamitzM,“Theeffectofascorbicacidonchromeulcersinguineapigs”ArchivesofEnvironmentalHealth196817(2):178-180.

791.SamitzM,KatzS,“Protectionagainstinhalationofchromicacidmist.Useoffiltersimpregnatedwithascorbicacid”ArchivesofEnvironmentalHealth196511(6):770-772.

792.KorallusU,HarzdorfC,LewalterJ,“Experimentalbasesforascorbicacidtherapyofpoisoningbyhexavalentchromiumcompounds”InternationalArchivesofOccupationalandEnvironmentalHealth198453(3):247-256.

793.NaK,JeongS,LimC,“Theroleofglutathioneintheacutenephrotoxicityofsodiumdichromate”ArchivesofToxicology199266(9):646-651.

794.GinterE,ChorvatovicovaD,KosinovaA,“VitaminClowersmutagenicandtoxiceffectofhexavalentchromiuminguineapigs”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch198959(2):161-166.

795.TandonS,GaurJ,“Chelationinmetalintoxication.IV.Removalofchromiumfromorgansofexperimentallypoisonedanimals”ClinicalToxicology197711(2):257-264.

CommonCold796.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,Chap.384,Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008.797.CarrA,etal,“VitaminCandthecommoncold:usingidenticaltwinsascontrols”TheMedicalJournalofAustralia19812(8):411-412.

798.CathcartR,“VitaminC,titratingtoboweltolerance,anascorbemia,andacuteinducedscurvy”MedicalHypotheses19817(11):1359-1376.

799.GortonH,JarvisK,“TheeffectivenessofvitaminCinpreventingandrelievingthesymptomsofvirus-inducedrespiratoryinfections”JournalofManipulativeandPhysiologicalTherapeutics199922(8):530-533.

800.HemilaH,“DoesvitaminCalleviatethesymptomsofthecommoncold?—areviewofcurrentevidence”ScandinavianJournalofInfectiousDisease199426(1):1-6.

801.HemilaH,“VitaminC,theplaceboeffect,andthecommoncold:acasestudyofhowpreconceptionsinfluencetheanalysisofresults”JournalofClinicalEpidemiology199649(10):1079-1084.

802.MurphyB,etal,“Ascorbicacid(vitaminC)anditseffectsonparainfluenzatypeIIIvirusinfectionincotton-toppedmarmosets”LaboratoryAnimalScience197424(1):229-232.

Diphtheria803.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,Chap.315,Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008.804.HardeE,PhilippeM,“ObservationssurlepouvoirantigenedumelangetoxinediphtheriqueetvitaminC”ComptRendAcaddSc1934199:738-

739.

805.GreenwaldC,HardeE,“VitaminCanddiphtheriatoxin”ProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiologyandMedicine193532:1157-1160.

806.JungeblutC,ZwemerR,“InactivationofdiphtheriatoxininvivoandinvitrobycrystallinevitaminC(ascorbicacid)”ProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiologyandMedicine193532:1229-1234.

807.KingC,MentenM,“Influenceofvitaminlevelonresistancetodiphtheriatoxin”JournalofNutrition193510:129-155.

808.HanzlikP,TeradaB,“Protectivemeasuresindiphtheriaintoxication”JournalofPharmacologyandExperimentalTherapeutics193656:269-277.

809.KlennerF,“ThetreatmentofpoliomyelitisandothervirusdiseaseswithvitaminC”SouthernMedicine&Surgery1949Jul111(7):209-214.

810.KlennerF,“Observationsofthedoseandadministrationofascorbicacidwhenemployedbeyondtherangeofavitamininhumanpathology”JournalofAppliedNutrition197123(3&4):61-88.

Distemper(Cat&Dog)811.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_distemper

812.BelfieldW,“VitaminCintreatmentofcanineandfelinedistempercomplex”VeterinaryMedicine/SmallAnimalClinician196762(4):345-348.813.KlennerF,“Significanceofhighdailyintakeofascorbicacidinpreventivemedicine”JournaloftheInternationalAcademyofPreventive

Medicine19741(1):45-69.

814.LevequeJ,“Ascorbicacidintreatmentofthecaninedistempercomplex”VeterinaryMedicine/SmallAnimalClinician196964(11):997-999,1001.

Dysentery,Amebic815.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,Chap.373,Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008.

816.SadunE,etal,“EffectofsingleinoculaofEndamoebahistolyticatrophozoitesonguinea-pigs”ProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiologyandMedicine195073:362-366.

817.SadunE,BradinJrJ,FaustE,“Theeffectofascorbicaciddeficiencyontheresistanceofguinea-pigstoinfectionwithEndamoebahistolyticaofhumanorigin”AmericanJournalofTropicalMedicine195131:426-437.

818.VeselovskaiaT,“EffectofvitaminContheclinicalpictureofdysentery”Voenno-MeditsinskiiZhurnal1957(Moskva)3:32-37.

819.SokolovaV,“ApplicationofvitaminCintreatmentofdysentery”TerapevticheskiiArkhiv1958(Moskva)30:59-64.

Dysentery,Bacillary(Shigellosis)820.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“Shigellosis,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.330821.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellosis

822.KlennerF,“ThetreatmentofpoliomyelitisandothervirusdiseaseswithvitaminC”SouthernMedicine&Surgery1949Jul111(7):209-214.

823.HonjoS,ImaizumiK,“Ascorbicacidcontentofadrenalandliverincynomolgusmonkeyssufferingfrombacillarydysentery”JapaneseJournalofMedicalScience&Biology196720(1):97-102.

824.HonjoS,etal,“Shigellosisincynomolgusmonkeys(Macacairus)VII.ExperimentalproductionofdysenterywitharelativelysmalldoseofShigellaflexneri2ainascorbicaciddeficientmonkeys”JapaneseJournalofMedicalScience&Biology196922(3):149-162.

Encephalitis825.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002388/

826.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“AcuteViralEncephalitis,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.439.

827.KlennerF,“ThetreatmentofpoliomyelitisandothervirusdiseaseswithvitaminC”SouthernMedicine&Surgery1949Jul111(7):209-214.828.KlennerF,“MassivedosesofvitaminCandthevirusdiseases”SouthernMedicine&Surgery1951Apr103(4):101-107.

829.KlennerF,“TheuseofvitaminCasanantibiotic”JournalofAppliedNutrition19536:274-278.

830.KlennerF,“An‘insidious’virus”Tri-StateMedicalJournal1957Julpp.10-12.

831.KlennerF,“Theclinicalevaluationandtreatmentofadeadlysyndromecausedbyaninsidiousvirus”Tri-StateMedicalJournal1958Octpp.11-15.

832.KlennerF,“Virusencephalitisasasequelaofthepneumonias”Tri-StateMedicalJournal1960Febpp.7-11.

833.KlennerF,“Observationsofthedoseandadministrationofascorbicacidwhenemployedbeyondtherangeofavitamininhumanpathology”JournalofAppliedNutrition197123(3&4):61-88.

FluoridePoisoning834.Onlinearticleat:http://www.fluoridation.com/skeletal.htm835.GuptaS,GuptaR,SethA,“Reversalofclinicalanddentalfluorosis”IndianPediatrics199431(4):439-443.

836.GuptaS,etal,“Reversaloffluorosisinchildren”ActaPaediatricaJaponica199638(5):513-519.

837.NarayanaM,ChinoyN,“Reversibleeffectsofsodiumfluorideingestiononspermatozoaoftherat”InternationalJournalofFertilityandMenopausalStudies199439(6):337-346.

Hepatitis,AcuteViral838.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“AcuteVitalHepatitis,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.151.

839.CallejaH,BrooksR,“AcutehepatitistreatedwithhighdosesofvitaminC”TheOhioStateMedicalJournal196056:821-823.

840.CathcartR,“VitaminC,titratingtoboweltolerance,anascorbemia,andacuteinducedscurvy”MedicalHypotheses19817(11):1359-1376.

841.KomarV,Vasil’evV,“Theuseofwater-solublevitaminsinviralhepatitisA”[ArticleinRussian]KlinicheskaiaMeditsina199270(1):73-75.842.MorishigeF,MurataA,“VitaminCforprophylaxisofviralhepatitisBintransfusedpatients”JournaloftheInternationalAcademyofPreventive

Medicine19785(1):54-58.

843.BaurH,StaubH,“Therapyofhepatitiswithascorbicacidinfusions”[ArticleinGerman]SchweizerischeMedizinischeWochenschrift195484:595-597.

844.BaetgenD,Resultsofthetreatmentofepidemichepatitisinchildrenwithhighdosesofascorbicacidintheyears1957-1958”[ArticleinGerman]MedizinischeMonatschrift196115:30-36.

845.DaltonW,“MassivedosesofvitaminCinthetreatmentofviraldiseases”JournaloftheIndianaStateMedicalAssociation1962Augpp.1151-1154.

846.OrensS,“HepatitisB—atendaycure:apersonalhistory”BulletinPhiladelphiaCtyDentalSociety198348(6):4-5.

HerpesInfections847.Onlinearticleat:http://www.medicinenet.com/acyclovir/article.htm

848.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“HerpesSimplexVirusInfections,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.307.849.TerezhalmyG,BottomleyW,PelleuG,“Theuseofwater-solublebioflavonoid-ascorbicacidcomplexinthetreatmentofrecurrentherpes

labialis”OralSurgery,OralMedicine,OralPathology197845(1):56-62.

850.WhiteL,etal,“Invitroeffectofascorbicacidoninfectivityofherpesvirusesandparamyxoviruses”JournalofClinicalMicrobiology198624(4):527-531.

851.SagripantiJ,etal,“Mechanismofcopper-mediatedinactivationofherpessimplexvirus”AntimicrobialAgentsandChemotherapy199741(4):812-817.

852.HoviT,etal,“Topicaltreatmentofrecurrentmucocutaneousherpeswithascorbicacid-containingsolution”AntiviralResearch199527(3):263-270.

Hypertension(HighBloodPressure)853.Onlinearticleat:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001502/

854.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“ArterialHypertension,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.66.

855.BatesC,etal,“DoesvitaminCreducebloodpressure?Resultsofalargestudyofpeopleaged65orolder”JournalofHypertension199816(7):925-932.

856.FotherbyM,etal,“EffectofvitaminConambulatorybloodpressureandplasmalipidsinolderpersons”JournalofHypertension200018(4):411-415.

857.MayJ,“Howdoesascorbicacidpreventendothelialdysfunction?”FreeRadicalBiology&Medicine200028(9):1421-1429.

858.MoranJ,etal,“Plasmaascorbicacidconcentrationsrelateinverselytobloodpressureinhumansubjects”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition199357(2):213-217.

859.NessA,etal,“VitaminCstatusandbloodpressure”JournalofHypertension199614(4):503-508.

860.NessA,CheeD,ElliottP,“VitaminCandbloodpressure—anoverview”JournalofHumanHypertension199711(6):343-350.

861.SakaiN,etal,“AninverserelationshipbetweenserumvitaminCandbloodpressureinaJapanesecommunity”JournalofNutritionalScienceandVitaminology199844(6):853-867.

862.GalleyH,etal,“Combinationoralantioxidantsupplementationreducesbloodpressure”ClinicalScience199792(4):361-365.

863.DuffyS,etal,“Treatmentofhypertensionwithascorbicacid”Lancet1999354(9195):2048-2049.

LeadPoisoning864.Onlinearticleat:http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/lead-poisoning/FL00068

865.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“ChronicPoisoning:LeadPoisoning,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.20.

866.HolmesH,CampbellK,AmbergE,“EffectofvitaminConleadpoisoning”JournalofLaboratoryandClinicalMedicine193924:1119-1127.

867.TandonS,etal,“LeadpoisoninginIndiansilverrefiners”TheScienceoftheTotalEnvironment2001281(1-3):177-182.

868.AltmannP,etal,“Leaddetoxicationeffectofacombinedcalciumphosphateandascorbicacidtherapyinpregnantwomenwithincreasedleadburden”[ArticleinGerman]WienerMedizinischeWochenschrift1981[131(12):311-314.

869.FloraS,TandonS,“Preventiveandtherapeuticeffectsofthiamine,ascorbicacidandtheircombinationinleadintoxication”ActaPharmacologicaetToxicologica1986Copenh)58(5):374-378.

870.MortonA,PartridgeS,BlairJ,“Theintestinaluptakeoflead”ChemistryinBritain198515:923-927.

871.NiaziS,LimJ,BederkaJ,“Effectofascorbicacidonrenalexcretionofleadintherat”JournalofPharmaceuticalSciences198271(10):1189-1190.

872.GoyerR,CherianM,“AscorbicacidandEDTAtreatmentofleadtoxicityinrats”LifeSciences197924(5):433-438.

873.DhawanM,KachruD,TandonS,“Influenceofthiamineandascorbicacidsupplementationontheantidotalefficacyofthiolchelatorsinexperimentalleadintoxication”ArchivesofToxicology198862(4):301-304.

874.VijA,SatijaN,FloraS,“Leadinduceddisordersinhematopoieticanddrugmetabolizingenzymesystemandtheirprotectionbyascorbicacidsupplementation”BiomedicalandEnvironmentalSciences199811(1):7-14.

875.SimonJ,HudesE,“Relationshipofascorbicacidtobloodleadlevels”TheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation1999281(24):2289-2293.

876.HoustonD,JohnsonM,“DoesvitaminCintakeprotectagainstleadtoxicity?”NutritionReviews200058(3Pt1):73-75.

877.ChengY,etal,“Relationofnutritiontoboneleadandbloodleadlevelsinmiddle-agedtoelderlymen:TheNormativeAgingStudy”AmericanJournalofEpidemiology1998147(12):1162-1174.

878.FlanaganP,ChamberlainM,ValbergL,“Therelationshipbetweenironandleadabsorptioninhumans”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition198236(5):823-829.

879.DalleyJ,etal,“InteractionofL-ascorbicacidonthedispositionofleadinrats”Pharmacology&Toxicology198964(4):360-364.

880.DawsonE,etal,“Theeffectofascorbicacidsupplementationonthebloodleadlevelsofsmokers”JournaloftheAmericanCollegeofNutrition199918(2):166-170.

Leprosy

881.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002323/882.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“Leprosy,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.347.

883.SinhaS,etal,“Astudyofbloodascorbicacidinleprosy”InternationalJournalofLeprosyandOtherMycobacterialDiseases198452(2):159-162.

884.BechelliL,“VitaminCtherapyoftheleprareaction”RevistaBrasileiradeLeprologia (SaoPaulo)19397:251-255.

885.FerreiraD,“VitaminCinleprosy”PublicacoesMedicas195020:25-28.

886.GattiC,GaonaR,“Ascorbicacidinthetreatmentofleprosy”ArchivSchiffe-undTropenhygiene193943:32-33.887.HastingsR,etal,“ActivityofascorbicacidininhibitingthemultiplicationofM.lepraeinthemousefootpad”InternationalJournalofLeprosy

andOtherMycobacterialDiseases197644(4):427-430.

Malaria888.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001646/

889.LotzeH,“Clinicalexperimentalinvestigationsinbenigntertianmalaria”[ArticleinGerman]ArchfSchiffs-uTrop-Hyg193842(7):287-305.Alsocitedin:TropicalDiseasesBulletin193835:733.

890.BourkeG,ColemanR,RencriccaN,“Effectofascorbicacidonhostresistanceinvirulentrodentmalaria”ClinicalResearch198028(3):642A.

891.MarvaE,etal,“DeleterioussynergisticeffectsofascorbateandcopperonthedevelopmentofPlasmodiumfalciparum:aninvitrostudyinnormalandinG6PD-deficienterythrocytes”InternationalJournalofParasitology198919(7):779-785.

892.MarvaE,etal,“Theeffectsofascorbate-inducedfreeradicalsonPlasmodiumfalciparum”TropicalMedicineandParasitology199243(1):17-23.

893.MohrW,“VitaminC-stoffwechselundmalaria.MalariaandassimilationofvitaminC”[ArticleinGerman]DeutTropZeitschrift194145(13):404-405.Alsocitedin:TropicalDiseasesBulletin194340(1):13-14.

894.NaraqiS,etal,“Quinineblindness”PapuaandNewGuineaMedicalJournal199235(4):308-310.

895.WinterR,etal,“Potentiationofanantimalarialoxidantdrug”AntimicrobialAgentsandChemotherapy199741(7):1449-1454.

Measles896.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0000148/

897.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“Measles,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.390.

898.JoffeM,SukhaN,RabsonA,“Lymphocytesubsetsinmeasles.Depressedhelper/inducersubpopulationreversedbyinvitrotreatmentwithlevamisoleandascorbicacid”TheJournalofClinicalInvestigation198372(3):971-980.

899.KlennerF,“MassivedosesofvitaminCandthevirusdiseases”SouthernMedicine&Surgery1951Apr103(4):101-107.

900.KlennerF,“ThetreatmentofpoliomyelitisandothervirusdiseaseswithvitaminC”SouthernMedicine&Surgery1949Jul111(7):209-214.901.PaezdelaTorreJ,“Ascorbicacidinmeasles”ArchivesArgentinosdePediatria194524:225-227.

MercuryPoisoning902.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoning

903.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“ChronicPoisoning:TraceMetals,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.20.

904.RuskinA,RuskinB,“Effectofmercurialdiureticsupontherespirationoftheratheartandkidney.III.TheprotectiveactionofascorbicacidagainstMercuhydrininvitro”TexasReportsonBiologyandMedicine195210:429-438.

905.HugginsH,LevyT,UninformedConsent:TheHiddenDangersinDentalCare,Charlottesville,VA:HamptonRoadsPublishingCompany,Inc.1999.

906.ChapmanD,ShafferC,“Mercurialdiuretics.Acomparisonofacutecardiactoxicityinanimalsandtheeffectofascorbicacidondetoxificationintheirintravenousadministration”ArchivesofInternalMedicine194779:449-456.

907.RuskinA,JohnsonJ,“Cardiodepressiveeffectsofmercurialdiuretics.CardioprotectivevalueofBAL,ascorbicacidandthiamin”ProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiologyandMedicine194972:577-583.

908.BlackstoneS,HurleyR,HughesR,“Someinter-relationshipsbetweenvitaminC(L-ascorbicacid)andmercuryintheguinea-pig”FoodandCosmeticsToxicology197412(4):511-516.

909.CarrollR,KovacsK,TappE,“Protectionagainstmercuricchloridepoisoningoftheratkidney”Arzneimittelforschung196515(11):1361-1363.

910.VautheyM,“ProtectiveeffectofvitaminCagainstpoisons”Praxis(Bern)195140:284-286.

911.MokranjacM,Petrovic,“VitaminCasanantidoteinpoisoningbyfataldosesofmercury”ComptesRendusHebdomadairesdesSeancesdel’AcademiedesSciences1964258:1341-1342.

912.PandaB,SubhadraA,PandaK“ProphylaxisofantioxidantsagainstthegenotoxicityofmethylmercuricchlorideandmaleichydrazideinAlliummicronucleusassay”MutationResearch1995343(2-3):75-84.

913.GageJ,“Mechanismsforthebiodegradationoforganicmercurycompounds:theactionsofascorbateandofsolubleproteins”ToxicologyandAppliedPharmacology197532(2):225-238.

Mononucleosis914.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001617/915.CathcartR,“VitaminC,titratingtoboweltolerance,anascorbemia,andacuteinducedscurvy”MedicalHypotheses19817(11):1359-1376.

916.DaltonW,“MassivedosesofvitaminCinthetreatmentofviraldiseases”JournaloftheIndianaStateMedicalAssociation1962Augpp.1151-1154.

917.KlennerF,“Observationsofthedoseandadministrationofascorbicacidwhenemployedbeyondtherangeofavitamininhumanpathology”JournalofAppliedNutrition197123(3&4):61-88.

Mumps918.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002524/

919.KlennerF,“ThetreatmentofpoliomyelitisandothervirusdiseaseswithvitaminC”SouthernMedicine&Surgery1949Jul111(7):209-214.

MushroomPoisoning920.Onlinearticleat:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/167398-overview

921.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_poisoning922.Onlinearticleat:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/167398-treatment

923.LaingM,“Acureformushroompoisoning”SouthAfricanMedicalJournal198465(15):590.

NickelPoisoning924.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“ChronicPoisoning:TraceMetals,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.20.

925.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ehow.com/how_2085600_treat-nickel-poisoning.html

926.ChenC,LinT,“Effectsofnickelchlorideonhumanplatelets:enhancementoflipidperoxidation,inhibitionofaggregationandinteractionwithascorbicacid”JournalofToxicologyandEnvironmentalHealth.PartA200162(6):431-438.

927.ChenC,LinT,“Nickeltoxicitytohumantermplacenta:invitrostudyonlipidperoxidation”JournalofToxicologyandEnvironmentalHealth.PartA199854(1):37-47.

928.WozniakK,BlasiakJ,“Freeradicals-mediatedinductionofoxidizedDNAbasesandDNA-proteincross-linksbynickelchloride”MutationResearch2002514(1-2):233-243.

929.OsipovaT,etal,“Repairprocessesinhumanculturedcellsuponexposuretonickelsaltsandtheirmodification”[ArticleinRussian]Genetika199834(6):852-856.

930.PerminovaI,etal,“Individualsensitivitytogenotoxiceffectsofnickelandantimutagenicactivityofascorbicacid”BulletinofExperimentalBiologyandMedicine2001131(4):367-370.

931.ChatterjeeK,etal,“Biochemicalstudiesonnickeltoxicityinweanlingrats—influenceofvitaminCsupplementation”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch197949(3):264-275.

932.DasK,DasS,DasGuptaS“Theinfluenceofascorbicacidonnickel-inducedhepaticlipidperoxidationinrats”JournalofBasicandClinicalPhysiologyandPharmacology200112(3):187-195.

933.ChenC,HuangY,LinT,“Associationbetweenoxidativestressandcytokineproductioninnickel-treatedrats”ArchivesofBiochemistryandBiophysics1998356(2):127-132.

934.ChenC,HuangY,LinT,“Lipidperoxidationinliverofmiceadministeredwithnickelchloride:withspecialreferencetotraceelementsandantioxidants”BiologicalTraceElementResearch199861(2):193-205.

935.MemonA,MolokhiaM,FriedmannP,“Theinhibitoryeffectsoftopicalchelatingagentsandantioxidantsonnickel-inducedhypersensitivityreactions”JournaloftheAmericanAcademyofDermatology199430(4):560-565.

Nitrate/NitriteToxicity936.WhitemanM,HalliwellB,“Protectionagainstperoxynitrite-dependenttyrosinenitrationandalpha1-antiproteinaseinactivationbyascorbicacid.

Acomparisonwithotherbiologicalantioxidants”FreeRadicalResearch199625(3):275-283.

937.SandovalM,etal,“Peroxynitrite-inducedapoptosisinT84andRAW264.7cells:attenuationbyL-ascorbicacid”FreeRadicalBiology&Medicine199722(3):489-495.

938.BohmF,etal,“Beta-carotenewithvitaminsEandCofferssynergisticcellprotectionagainstNOx”FEBSLetters1998436(3):387-389.

939.ShiX,etal,“GenerationofthiylandascorbylradicalsinthereactionofperoxynitritewiththiolsandascorbateatphysiologicalpH”JournalofInorganicBiochemistry199456(2):77-86.

940.KirschM,deGrootH,“Ascorbateisapotentantioxidantagainstperoxynitrite-inducedoxidationreactions.Evidencethatascorbateactsbyre-reducingsubstrateradicalsproducedbyperoxynitrite”TheJournalofBiologicalChemistry2000275(22):16702-16708.

941.CarnesC,etal,“Ascorbateattenuatesatrialpacing-inducedperoxynitriteformationandelectricalremodelinganddecreasestheincidenceofpostoperativeatrialfibrillation”CirculationResearch200189(6):E32-E38.

942.Garcia-RocheM,etal,“Effectofascorbicacidonthehepatoxicityduetothedailyintakeofnitrate,nitriteanddimethylamine”DieNahrung198731(2):99-104.

943.FinkB,etal,“Tolerancetonitrateswithenhancedradicalformationsuppressedbycarvedilol”JournalofCardiovascularPharmacology199934(6):800-805.

944.CummingsJ,“Dietaryfactorsintheaetiologyofgastrointestinalcancer”JournalofHumanNutrition197832(6):455-465.

945.SchmahlD,EisenbrandG,“Influenceofascorbicacidontheendogenous(intragastral)formationofN-nitrosocompounds”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch.Supplement198223:91-102.

946.OhshimaH,BartschH,“Monitoringendogenousnitrosamineformationinman”IARCScientificPublications198459:233-246.

947.BartschH,“N-nitrosocompoundsandhumancancer:wheredowestand?”IARCScientificPublications1991105:1-10.948.SierraR,etal,“ExposuretoN-nitrosaminesandotherriskfactorsforgastriccancerinCostaRicanchildren”IARCScientificPublications1991

105:162-167.

949.SrivatanakulP,etal,“EndogenousnitrosaminesandliverflukeasriskfactorsforcholangiocarcinomainThailand”IARCScientificPublications1991105:88-95.

950.PerezA,etal,“MutagenicityofN-nitrosomorpholinebiosynthesizedfrommorpholineinthepresenceofnitrateanditsinhibitionbyascorbicacid”DieNahrung199034(7):661-664.

NitrogenDioxidePoisoning951.Onlinearticleat:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/820431-overview

952.Onlinearticleat:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/820431-treatment

953.CooneyR,RossP,BartoliniG,“N-nitrosationandN-nitrationofmorpholinebynitrogendioxide:inhibitionbyascorbate,glutathioneandalpha-tocopherol”CancerLetters198632(1):83-90.

954.MiyanishiK,etal,“Invivoformationofmutagensbyintraperitonealadministrationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsinanimalsduringexposuretonitrogendioxide”Carcinogenesis199617(7):1483-1490.

955.BohmF,etal,“Beta-carotenewithvitaminsEandCofferssynergisticcellprotectionsagainstNOx”FEBSLetters1998436(3):387-389.

OchratoxinToxicity956.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochratoxin

957.Pfohl-LeszkowiczA,“OchratoxinA,ubiquitousmycotoxincontaminatinghumanfood”[ArticleinFrench]ComptesRendusdesSeancesdelaSocietedeBiologieetdeSesFiliales1994188(4):335-353.

958.GrosseY,etal,“Retinol,ascorbicacidandalpha-tocopherolpreventDNAadductformationinmicetreatedwiththemycotoxinsochratoxinAandzearalenone”CancerLetters1997114(1-2):225-229.

959.MarquardtR,FrohlichA,“Areviewofrecentadvancesinunderstandingochratoxicosis”JournalofAnimalScience199270(12):3968-3988.

960.BoseS,SinhaS,“Modulationofochratoxin-producedgenotoxicityinmicebyvitaminC”FoodandChemicalToxicology199432(6):533-537.

Osteoporosis961.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001400/962.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“Osteoporosis,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.264.

963.GabbayKH,etal,“Ascorbatesynthesispathway:dualroleofascorbateinbonehomeostasis”JBiolChem.2010Jun18;285(25):19510-20.

964.YalinS,etal.“Istherearoleoffreeoxygenradicalsinprimarymaleosteoporosis?”ClinExpRheumatol.2005Sep-Oct;23(5):689-92.

965.ParkJB,“Theeffectsofdexamethasone,ascorbicacid,andβ-glycerophosphateonosteoblasticdifferentiationbyregulatingestrogenreceptorandosteopontinexpression”JSurgRes.2010Oct8.

966.HieM,TsukamotoI,“VitaminC-deficiencystimulatesosteoclastogenesiswithanincreaseinRANKexpression”JNutrBiochem.2011Feb;22(2):164-71.

967.SheweitaSA,KhoshhalKI,“Calciummetabolismandoxidativestressinbonefractures:roleofantioxidants”CurrDrugMetab.2007Jun;8(5):519-25.

968.SaitoM,“Nutritionandbonehealth.RolesofvitaminCandvitaminBasregulatorsofbonemassandquality”[articleinJapanese]ClinCalcium.2009Aug;19(8):1192-9.

969.ChuinA,etal,“EffectofantioxidantscombinedtoresistancetrainingonBMDinelderlywomen:apilotstudy”OsteoporosInt.2009Jul;20(7):1253-8.

970.SahniS,etal,“HighvitaminCintakeisassociatedwithlower4-yearbonelossinelderlymen”JNutr.2008Oct;138(10):1931-8.

971.PascoJA,etal,“Antioxidantvitaminsupplementsandmarkersofboneturnoverinacommunitysampleofnonsmokingwomen”JWomensHealth(Larchmt).2006Apr;15(3):295-300.

972.SugiuraM,etal,“Dietarypatternsofantioxidantvitaminandcarotenoidintakeassociatedwithbonemineraldensity:findingsfrompost-menopausalJapanesefemalesubjects”OsteoporosInt.2011Jan;22(1):143-52.

973.Ruiz-RamosM,etal,“Supplementationofascorbicacidandalpha-tocopherolisusefultopreventingbonelosslinkedtooxidativestressinelderly”JNutrHealthAging2010Jun;14(6):467-72.

974.ZinnurogluM,etal,“Prospectiveevaluationoffreeradicalsandantioxidantactivityfollowing6-monthrisedronatetreatmentinpatientswithpostmenopausalosteoporosis”RheumatolInt.2011Jan8.

975.SahniS,etal,“ProtectiveeffectoftotalandsupplementalvitaminCintakeontheriskofhipfracture—a17-yearfollow-upfromtheFraminghamOsteoporosisStudy”OsteoporosInt.2009Nov;20(11):1853-61.

976.FalchJA,MowéM,BøhmerT,“Lowlevelsofserumascorbicacidinelderlypatientswithhipfracture”ScandJClinLabInvest.1998May;58(3):225-8.

977.Bourne,G.“VitaminCandrepairofinjuredtissues”Lancet19422:661-664.

978.MortonD,Barrett-ConnorE,SchneiderD,“VitaminCsupplementuseandbonemineraldensityinpostmenopausalwomen”JournalofBoneandMineralResearch200116(1):135-140.

979.LeveilleS,etal,“DietaryvitaminCandbonemineraldensityinpostmenopausalwomeninWashingtonState,USA”JournalofEpidemiologyandCommunityHealth199751(5):479-485.

OzoneToxicity980.YeadonM,PayneA,“Ascorbicacidpreventsozone-inducedbronchialhyperreactivityinguinea-pigs”BritishJournalofPharmacology198998

Suppl:790P.981.CotovioJ,etal,“Generationofoxidativestressinhumancutaneousmodelsfollowinginvitroozoneexposure”ToxicologyInVitro200115(4-

5):357-362.

982.MenzelD,“Thetoxicityofairpollutioninexperimentalanimalsandhumans:theroleofoxidativestress”ToxicologyLetters199472(1-3):269-277.

ParaquatPoisoning983.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002076/984.MatkovicsB,etal,“Invivostudyofthemechanismofprotectiveeffectsofascorbicacidandreducedglutathioneinparaquatpoisoning”General

Pharmacology198011(5):455-461.

985.HongS,etal,“EffectofvitaminConplasmatotalantioxidantstatusinpatientswithparaquatintoxication”ToxicologyLetters2002126(1):51-59.

986.CappellettiG,MaggioniM,MaciR,“Apoptosisinhumanlungepithelialcells:triggeringbyparaquatandmodulationbyantioxidants”CellBiologyInternational199822(9-10):671-678.

987.VismaraC,VailatiG,BacchettaR“ReductioninparaquatembryotoxicitybyascorbicacidinXenopuslaevis”AquaticToxicology200151(3):293-303.

988.FujimotoY,etal,“Inhibitionofparaquataccumulationinrabbitkidneycortexslicesbyascorbicacid”ResearchCommunicationsinClinicalPathologyandPharmacology198965(2):245-248.

Pertussis(WhoopingCough)989.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002528/990.MeierK,“VitaminCtreatmentofpertussis”AnnalesdePediatrie(Paris)1945164:50-53.

991.OrmerodM,UnkaufB,“Ascorbicacid(vitaminC)treatmentofwhoopingcough”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal193737(2):134-136.

992.OmerodM,etal,“Afurtherreportontheascorbicacidtreatmentofwhoopingcough”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal193737(3):268-272

993.OtaniT,“OnthevitaminCtherapyofpertussis”KlinischeWochenschrift193615(51):1884-1885.

994.SessaT,“VitaminCtherapyofwhoopingcough”RiformaMedica194056:38-43.

995.VermillionE,StaffordG,“Apreliminaryreportontheuseofcevitaminicacidinthetreatmentofwhoopingcough”JournaloftheKansasMedicalSociety193839(11):469,479.

Pesticide/HerbicidePoisoning996.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diquat997.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosulfan

998.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphamidon

999.Onlinearticleat:http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/haloxyfop-methylparathion/mancozeb-ext.html

1000.Onlinearticleat:http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/dienochlor-glyphosate/dimethoate-ext.html

1001.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malathion

1002.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathion1003.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindane.

1004.KlennerF,“Observationsonthedoseandadministrationofascorbicacidwhenemployedbeyondtherangeofavitamininhumanpathology”JournalofAppliedNutrition197123(3&4):61-88.

1005.NakagawaY,CotgreaveI,MoldeusP,“Relationshipsbetweenascorbicacidandalpha-tocopherolduringdiquat-inducedredoxcyclinginisolatedrathepatocytes”BiochemicalPharmacology199142(4):883-888.

1006.KhanP,SinhaS,“AmelioratingeffectofvitaminConmurinespermtoxicityinducedbythreepesticides(endosulfan,phosphamidonandmancozeb)”Mutagenesis199611(1):33-36.

1007.KhanP,SinhaS,“ImpactofhigherdosesofvitaminCinmodulatingpesticidegenotoxicity”Teratogenesis,Carcinogenesis,andMutagenesis199414(4):175-181.

1008.GeetanjaliD,RitaP,ReddyP,“Effectofascorbicacidinthedetoxificationoftheinsecticidedimethoateinthebonemarrowerythrocytesofmice”FoodandChemicalToxicology199331(6):435-437.

1009.HodaQ,SinhaS,“MinimizationofcytogenetictoxicityofmalathionbyvitaminC”JournalofNutritionalScienceandVitaminology199137(4):329-339.

1010.HodaQ,SinhaS,“VitaminC-mediatedminimisationofRogor-inducedgenotoxicity”MutationResearch1993299(1):29-36.

1011.ChakrabortyD,etal,“StudiesonL-ascorbicacidmetabolisminratsunderchronictoxicityduetoorganophosphorusinsecticides:effectsofsupplementationofL-ascorbicacidinhighdoses”TheJournalofNutrition1978108(6):973-980.

1012.HodaQ,AzferM,SinhaS,“ModificatoryeffectofvitaminCandvitaminB-complexonmeioticinhibitioninducedbyorganophosphoruspesticideinmiceMusmusculus”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch199363(1):48-51.

1013.TiwariR,BandyopadhyaynS,ChatterjeeG,“ProtectiveeffectofL-ascorbicacidinlindaneintoxicatedrats”ActaVitaminologicaetEnzymologica19824(3):215-220.

1014.KonerB,BanerjeeB,RayA,“Organochlorinepesticide-inducedoxidativestressandimmunesuppressioninrats”IndianJournalofExperimentalBiology199836(4):395-398.

Phencyclidine(AngelDust)Poisoning1015.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phencyclidine1016.AronowR,MiceliJ,DoneA“AtherapeuticapproachtotheacutelyoverdosedPCPpatient”JournalofPsychedelicDrugs198012(3-4):259-

267.

1017.RappoltR,GayG,FarrisR,“Emergencymanagementofacutephencyclidineintoxication”JACEP19798(2):68-76.

1018.GianniniA,etal,“Augmentationofhaloperidolbyascorbicacidinphencyclidineintoxication”TheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry1987

144(9):1207-1209.

1019.WelchM,CorreaG,“PCPintoxicationinyoungchildrenandinfants”ClinicalPediatrics198019(8):510-514.

PhenolPoisoning1020.Onlinearticleat:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/phenol+poisoning

1021.TodorovićV,“Acutephenolpoisoning”[articleinSerbian]MedPregl.2003;56Suppl1:37-41.1022.SkvortsovaR,PozniakovskiiV,AgarkovaI,“Roleofthevitaminfactorinpreventingphenolpoisoning”[ArticleinRussian]VoprosyPitaniia

19812:32-35.

1023.ValentovicM,etal,“2-Amino-5-chlorophenoltoxicityinrenalcorticalslicesfromFisher344rats:effectofantioxidantsandsulfhydrylagents”ToxicologyandAppliedPharmacology1999161(1):1-9.

1024.HongS,etal,“4-Amino-2,6-dichlorophenolnephrotoxicityintheFisher344rat:protectionbyascorbicacid,AT-125,andaminooxyaceticacid”ToxicologyandAppliedPharmacology1997147(1):115-125.

1025.NagyovaA,GinterE,“TheinfluenceofascorbicacidonthehepaticcytochromeP-450,andglutathioneinguinea-pigsexposedto2,4-dichlorophenol”PhysiologicalResearch199544(5):301-305.

1026.SatohK,etal,“Effectofantioxidantsonradicalintensityandcytotoxicactivityofeugenol”AnticancerResearch199818(3A):1549-1552.

1027.SongH,LangC,ChenT,“Theroleofglutathioneinp-aminophenol-inducednephrotoxicityinthemouse”DrugandChemicalToxicology199922(3):529-544.

1028.LockE,CrossT,SchnellmannR,“Studiesonthemechanismof4-aminophenol-inducedtoxicitytorenalproximaltubules”Human&ExperimentalToxicology199312(5):383-388.

Pneumonia1029.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001200/

1030.LockeA,etal,“Fitness,sulfanilamideandpneumococcusinfectionintherabbit”Science193786(2227):228-229.

1031.KaiserA,SlavinB,“TheincidenceofhemolyticstreptococciinthetonsilsofchildrenasrelatedtothevitaminCcontentoftonsilsandblood”JournalofPediatrics193813:322-333.

1032.SabinA,“VitaminCinrelationtoexperimentalpoliomyelitiswithincidentalobservationsoncertainmanifestationsinMacacusrhesusmonkeysonascorbuticdiet”JournalofExperimentalMedicine193969:507-515.

1033.GanderJ,NiederbergerW,MunchenerMedizinischeWochenschrift193683:1386.

1034.VoglA,MunchenerMedizinischeWochenschrift193784:1569.1035.BonnholtzerE,DeutschesMedWochenschrift193726:1001.

1036.HochwaldA,DeutschesMedWochenschrift193763:182.

1037.GunzelW,KroehnertG,“ExperiencesinthetreatmentofpneumoniawithvitaminC”FortschriftederTherapie193713:460-463.

1038.SennewaldK,FortschriftederTherapie193814:139.

1039.SzirmaiF,“ValueofvitaminCintreatmentofacuteinfectiousdiseases”DeutschesArchivefurKlinischeMedizin194085:434-443.

1040.KimbarowskiJ,MokrowN,“ColoredprecipitationreactionoftheurineaccordingtoKimbarowski(FARK)asanindexoftheeffectofascorbicacidduringtreatmentofviralinfluenza”[ArticleinGerman]DasDeutscheGesundheitswesen196722(51):2413-2418.

1041.SlotkinG,FletcherR,“Ascorbicacidinpulmonarycomplicationsfollowingprostaticsurgery:apreliminaryreport”JournalofUrology194452:566-569.

1042.HamdyA,etal,“EffectofvitaminConlambpneumoniaandmortality”TheCornellVeterinarian196757(1):12-20.

1043.EspositoA,“Ascorbatemodulatesantibacterialmechanismsinexperimentalpneumococcalpneumonia”TheAmericanReviewofRespiratoryDisease1986133(4):643-647.

1044.PittH,CostriniA,“VitaminCprophylaxisinmarinerecruits”JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation1979241(9):908-911.

1045.DaltonW,“MassivedosesofvitaminCinthetreatmentofviraldiseases”JournaloftheIndianaStateMedicalAssociation(1962)Augpp.1151-1154.

1046.KlennerF,“ViruspneumoniaanditstreatmentwithvitaminC”SouthernMedicine&Surgery1948Feb110(2):36-38,46.1047.KlennerF,“TheuseofvitaminCasanantibiotic”JournalofAppliedNutrition19536:274-278.

Polio1048.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002375/

1049.JungeblutC,“InactivationofpoliomyelitisvirusinvitrobycrystallinevitaminC(ascorbicacid)”JournalofExperimentalMedicine193562:517-521.

1050.JungeblutC,“VitaminCtherapyandprophylaxisinexperimentalpoliomyelitis”JournalofExperimentalMedicine193765:127-146.

1051.JungeblutC,“AfurthercontributiontovitaminCtherapyinexperimentalpoliomyelitis”JournalofExperimentalMedicine193970:315-332.

1052.KlennerF,“ThetreatmentofpoliomyelitisandothervirusdiseaseswithvitaminC”SouthernMedicine&Surgery1949Jul111(7):209-214.

1053.BaurH,“Poliomyelitistherapywithascorbicacid”[German]HelvetiaMedicaActa195219:470-474.1054.GreerE,“VitaminCinacutepoliomyelitis”MedicalTimes195583(11):1160-1161.

1055.PelouxY,etal,“Inactivationduviruspolio-myelitiquepardessystemeschimiquegenerateursduradicallibrehydroxideMechanismdel’activitevirulicideduperoxided’hydrogeneetdel’acideascorbique”AnnlsInstPasteur,Paris1962102:6.

1056.KlennerF,“MassivedosesofvitaminCandthevirusdiseases”SouthernMedicine&Surgery1951Apr103(4):101-107.

PCBToxicity1057.Onlinearticleal:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl1058.Onlinearticleat:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/pcb/

1059.Kawai-KobayashiK,YoshidanA,“EffectofdietaryascorbicacidandvitaminEonmetabolicchangesinratsandguineapigsexposedtoPCB”TheJournalofNutrition1986116(1):98-106.

1060.SaitoM,“Polychlorinatedbiphenyls-inducedlipidperoxidationasmeasuredbythiobarbituricacid-reactivesubstancesinliversubcellularfractionsofrats”BiochimicaetBiophysicaActa19901046(3):301-308.

1061.HorioF,etal,“Ascorbicacidrequirementfortheinductionofmicrosomaldrug-metabolizingenzymesinaratmutantunabletosynthesizeascorbicacid”TheJournalofNutrition1986116(11):2278-2289.

1062.SuzukiH,etal,“Ascorbate-dependentelevationofmRNAlevelsforcytochromeP450sinducedbypolychlorinatedbiphenyls”BiochemicalPharmacology199346(1):186-189.

1063.MatsushitaN,etal,“AscorbicaciddeficiencyreducesthelevelofmRNAforcytochromeP-450ontheinductionofpolychlorinatedbiphenyls”JournalofNutritionalScienceandVitaminology199339(4):289-302.

1064.ChakrabortyD,etal,“Biochemicalstudiesonpolychlorinatedbiphenyltoxicityinrats:manipulationbyvitaminC”InternationalJournalforVitaminandNutritionResearch197848(1):22-31.

PseudomonasInfections1065.Onlinearticleat:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/970904-overview

1066.Onlinearticleat:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/970904-treatment

1067.CarlssonS,etal,“EffectsofpH,nitrite,andascorbicacidonnonenzymaticnitricoxidegenerationandbacterialgrowthinurine”NitricOxide:BiologyandChemistry20015(6):580-586.

1068.KlennerF,“Observationsofthedoseandadministrationofascorbicacidwhenemployedbeyondtherangeofavitamininhumanpathology”JournalofAppliedNutrition197123(3&4):61-88.

1069.NakanishiT,“Areportonaclinicalexperienceofwhichhassuccessfullymadeseveralantibiotics-resistantbacteria(MRSAetc.)negativeonabedsore”[ArticleinJapanese]IgakuKenkyu.ActaMedica199262(1):31-37.

1070.NakanishiT,“Areportonthetherapeuticalexperiencesofwhichhavesuccessfullymadeseveralantibiotics-resistantbacteria(MRSAetc.)negativeonbedsoresandrespiratoryorgans”[ArticleinJapanese]IgakuKenkyu.ActaMedica199363(3):95-100.

1071.RawalB,“BactericidalactionofascorbicacidonPseudomonasaeruginosa:alterationofcellsurfaceasapossiblemechanism”Chemotherapy197824(3):166-171.

1072.RawalB,CharlesB,“InhibitionofPseudomonasaeruginosabyascorbicacid-sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprimcombination”TheSoutheastAsianJournalofTropicalMedicineandPublicHealth19723(2):225-228.

1073.RawalB,McKayG,BlackhallM,“InhibitionofPseudomonasaeruginosabyascorbicacidactingsinglyandincombinationwithantimicrobials:in-vitroandin-vivostudies”MedicalJournalofAustralia19741(6):169-174.

Rabies1074.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002310/

1075.Amato,G.“Azionedell’acidoascorbicosulvirusfissodellarabbiaesullatossinatetanica”GiornalediBatteriologia,VirologiaetImmunologia(Torino)193719:843-847.

1076.BanicS,“PreventionofrabiesbyvitaminC”Nature1975258(5531):153-154.

RadiationToxicity1077.Onlinearticleat:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/radiationexposure.html1078.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_radiation_syndrome

1079.Ala-KetolaL,VarisR,KiviniittyK,“Effectofascorbicacidonthesurvivalofratsafterwholebodyirradiation”Strahlentherapie1974148(6):643-644.

1080.BlumenthalR,etal,“Anti-oxidantvitaminsreducenormaltissuePoisoninginducedbyradio-immunotherapy”InternationalJournalofCancer200086(2):276-280.

1081.OkunieffP,“Interactionsbetweenascorbicacidandtheradiationofbonemarrow,skin,andtumor”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition199154(6Suppl):1281S-1283S.

1082.KennedyM,etal,“SuccessfulandsustainedtreatmentofchronicradiationproctitiswithantioxidantvitaminsEandC”TheAmericanJournalofGastroenterology200196(4):1080-1084.

1083.KretzschmarC,EllisF,“Theeffectofxraysonascorbicacidconcentrationinplasmaandintissues”TheBritishJournalofRadiology197420(231):94-99.

1084.KoyamaS,etal,“Radiation-inducedlong-livedradicalswhichcausemutationandtransformation”MutationResearch1998421(1):45-54.

1085.SarmaL,KesavanP,“ProtectiveeffectsofvitaminsCandEagainstgamma-ray-inducedchromosomaldamageinmice”InternationalJournalofRadiationBiology199363(6):759-764.

1086.KonopackaM,WidelM,Rzeszowska-WolnyJ.“ModifyingeffectofvitaminsC,Eandbeta-caroteneagainstgamma-ray-inducedDNAdamageinmousecells”MutationResearch1998417(2-3):85-94.

1087.FomenkoL,etal,“Avitamin-antioxidantdietdecreasesthelevelofchromosomaldamagesandthefrequencyofgenemutationsinirradiatedmice”[ArticleinRussian]IzvestiiaAkademiiNauk.SeriiaBiologicheskaia19974:419-424.

1088.NarraV,etal,“VitaminCasaradioprotectoragainstiodine-131invivo”JournalofNuclearMedicine199334(4):637-640.

1089.KonopackaM,Rzeszowska-WolnyJ,“AntioxidantvitaminsC,Eandbeta-carotenereduceDNAdamagebeforeaswellasaftergamma-ray

irradiationofhumanlymphocytesinvitro”MutationResearch2001491(1-2):1-7.

1090.RiabchenkoN,etal,“Themolecular,cellularandsystemicmechanismsoftheradioprotectiveactionofmultivitaminantioxidantcomplexes”[ArticleinRussian]RadiatsionnaiaBiologiia,Radioecologiia199636(6):895-899.

1091.YasukawaM,TerasimaT,SekiM,“Radiation-inducedneoplastictransformationofC3H10T1/2cellsissuppressedbyascorbicacid”RadiationResearch1989120(3):456-467.

1092.Mireles-RochaH,etal,“UVBphotoprotectionwithantioxidants:effectsoforaltherapywithd-alpha-tocopherolandascorbicacidontheminimalerythemadose”ActaDermato-Venereologica200282(1):21-24.

1093.Eberlein-KonigB,PlaczekM,PrzybillaR,“Protectiveeffectagainstsunburnofcombinedsystemicascorbicacid(vitaminC)andd-alpha-tocopherol(vitaminE)”JournaloftheAmericanAcademyofDermatology199838(1):45-48.

1094.MoisonR,BeijersbergenvanHenegouwenG,“TopicalantioxidantvitaminsCandEpreventUVB-radiation-inducedperoxidationofeicosapentaenoicacidinpigskin”RadiationResearch2002157(4):402-409.

1095.KobayashiS,etal,“Protectiveeffectofmagnesium-L-ascorbyl-2phosphateagainstskindamageinducedbyUVBirradiation”PhotochemistryandPhotobiology199664(1):224-228.

1096.NeumannN,etal,“Thephotoprotectiveeffectofascorbicacid,acetylsalicylicacid,andindomethacinevaluatedbythephotohen’seggtest”Photodermatology,Photoimmunology&Photomedicine199915(5):166-170.

1097.MiyaiE,etal,“Ascorbicacid2-O-alpha-glucoside,astableformofascorbicacid,rescueshumankeratinocytecellline,SCC,fromcytotoxicityofultravioletlightB”Biological&PharmaceuticalBulletin199619(7):984-987.

1098.HeY,HaderD,“UV-B-inducedformationofreactiveoxygenspeciesandoxidativedamageofthecyanobacteriumAnabaenasp.:protectiveeffectsofascorbicacidandN-acetyl-L-cysteine”JournalofPhotochemistryandPhotobiology.B,Biology200266(2):115-124.

1099.DreostiI,McGownM,“AntioxidantsandUV-inducedgenotoxicity”ResearchCommunicationsinChemicalPathologyandPharmacology199275(2):251-254.

1100.DunhamW,etal,“EffectsofintakeofL-ascorbicacidontheincidenceofdermalneoplasmsinducedinmicebyultravioletlight”ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica198279(23):7532-7536.

1101.MothersillC,MaloneJ,O’ConnorM,“VitaminCandradioprotection”BritishJournalofRadiology197851(606):474.

SeleniumPoisoning1102.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“ChronicPoisoning:TraceMetals,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.20.

1103.CivilI,McDonaldM,“Acuteseleniumpoisoning:casereport”NewZealandMedicalJournal197887(612):354-356.

1104.SvirbelyJ,“VitaminCstudiesintherat.Theeffectofseleniumdioxide,sodiumselenateandtellurate”TheBiochemicalJournal193832:467-473.

1105.TeradaA,etal,“InfluenceofcombineduseofseleniousacidandSHcompoundsinparenteralpreparations”JournalofTraceElementsinMedicineandBiology199711(2):105-109.

1106.HillC,“Studiesontheamelioratingeffectofascorbicacidonmineraltoxicitiesinthechick”TheJournalofNutrition1979109(1):84-90.

1107.Jacques-SilvaM,etal,“Diphenyldiselenideandascorbicacidchangesdepositionofseleniumandascorbicacidinliverandbrainofmice”Pharmacology&Toxicology200188(3):119-125.

Shingles1108.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001861/

1109.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“Macular,Papular,Vesiculobullos,andPustularDisease,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.465.

1110.DainowI,“TreatmentofherpeszosterwithvitaminC”Dermatologia194368:197-201.

1111.KlennerF,“ThetreatmentofpoliomyelitisandothervirusdiseaseswithvitaminC”SouthernMedicine&Surgery1949Jul111(7):209-214.1112.KlennerF,“TheuseofvitaminCasanantibiotic”JournalofAppliedNutrition19536:274-278.

1113.KlennerF,“Significanceofhighdailyintakeofascorbicacidinpreventivemedicine”JournaloftheInternationalAcademyofPreventiveMedicine19741(1):45-69.

1114.ZureickM,“TreatmentofshinglesandherpeswithvitaminCintravenously”JournaldesPraticiens195064:586.

StaphInfections1115.Onlinearticleat:http://www.emedicinehealth.com/staphylococcus/article_em.htm

1116.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“StaphylococcalInfections,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.310.

1117.AndreasenC,FrankD,“Theeffectsofascorbicacidoninvitroheterophilfunction”AvianDiseases199943(4):656-663.

1118.GuptaG,GuhaB,“TheeffectofvitaminCandcertainothersubstancesonthegrowthofmicroorganisms”AnnalsofBiochemistryandExperimentalMedicine19411(1):14-26.

1119.KlennerF,“Significanceofhighdailyintakeofascorbicacidinpreventivemedicine”JournaloftheInternationalAcademyofPreventiveMedicine19741(1):45-69.

1120.KodamaT,KojimaT,“Studiesofthestaphylococcaltoxin,toxoidandantitoxin;effectofascorbicacidonstaphylococcallysinsandorganisms”KitasatoArchivesofExperimentalMedicine193916:36-55.

1121.LedermannE,“Vitamin-Cdeficiencyandulcerationoftheface”TheLancet19622:1382.

1122.NakanishiT,“Areportonaclinicalexperienceofwhichhassuccessfullymadeseveralantibiotics-resistantbacteria(MRSAetc.)negativeonabedsore”[ArticleinJapanese]IgakuKenkyu.ActaMedica199262(1):31-37.

1123.NakanishiT,“Areportonthetherapeuticalexperiencesofwhichhavesuccessfullymadeseveralantibiotics-resistantbacteria(MRSAetc.)negativeonbedsoresandrespiratoryorgans”[ArticleinJapanese]IgakuKenkyu.ActaMedica199363(3):95-100.

1124.NelsonJ,etal,“Metabolicandimmuneeffectsofenteralascorbicacidafterburntrauma”Burns:JournaloftheInternationalSocietyforBurnInjuries199218(2):92-97.

StrepInfections1125.Articleonlineat:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/streptococcalinfections.html

1126.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“StreptococcalInfections,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.312.

1127.GnarpeH,MichaelssonM,DreborgS,“Theinvitroeffectofascorbicacidonthebacterialgrowthinurine”ActaPathologicaetMicrobiologicaScandinavica196874(1):41-50.

1128.KlennerF,“Significanceofhighdailyintakeofascorbicacidinpreventivemedicine”JournaloftheInternationalAcademyofPreventiveMedicine19741(1):45-69.

1129.WittW,HubbardG,FantonJ,“StreptococcuspneumoniaearthritisandosteomyelitiswithvitaminCdeficiencyinguineapigs”LaboratoryAnimalScience198838(2):192-194.

1130.DevasenaT,LalithaS,PadmaK,“Lipidperoxidation,osmoticfragilityandantioxidantstatusinchildrenwithacutepost-streptococcalglomerulonephritis”ClinicaChimicaActa2001308(1-2):155-161.

1131.RuskinS,“Contributiontothestudyofgrippeotitis,myringitisbullosahemorrhagica,anditsrelationshiptolatentscurvy”Laryngoscope193848:327-334.

1132.MassellB,etal,“Antirheumaticactivityofascorbicacidinlargedoses.Preliminaryobservationsonsevenpatientswithrheumaticfever”TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine1950242(16):614-615.

1133.GlazebrookA,ThomsonS,“TheadministrationofvitaminCinalargeinstitutionanditseffectongeneralhealthandresistancetoinfection”JournalofHygiene194242(1):1-19.

1134.McCormickW,“VitaminCintheprophylaxisandtherapyofinfectiousdiseases”ArchivesofPediatrics195168(1):1-9.

1135.CathcartR,“VitaminC,titratingtoboweltolerance,anascorbemia,andacuteinducedscurvy”MedicalHypotheses19817(11):1359-1376.

1136.CoulehanJ,etal,“VitaminCandacuteillnessinNavajoschoolchildren”TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine1976295(18):973-977.

StrychninePoisoning1137.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strychnine_poisoning

1138.DeyP,“Protectiveactionoflemonjuiceandascorbicacidagainstlethalityandconvulsivepropertyofstrychnine”DieNaturwissenschaften196552:164.

1139.DeyP,“Protectiveactionofascorbicacid&itsprecursorsontheconvulsive&lethalactionsofstrychnine”IndianJournalofExperimentalBiology19675(2):110-112.

1140.JahanK,AhmadK,AliM,“Effectofascorbicacidinthetreatmentoftetanus”BangladeshMedicalResearchCouncilBulletin198410(1):24-28.

Tetanus1141.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001640/1142.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“ClostridialInfections,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.319.

1143.JungeblutC,“InactivationoftetanustoxinbycrystallinevitaminC(L-ascorbicacid)”JournalofImmunology193733:203-214.

1144.KliglerI,GuggenheimK,WarburgF,“InfluenceofascorbicacidonthegrowthandtoxinproductionofCl.tetaniandonthedetoxicationoftetanustoxin”JournalofPathology193846:619-629.

1145.KlennerF,“Casehistory:cureofa4-year-oldchildbittenbyamaturehighlandmoccasinwithvitaminC”Tri-StateMedicalJournal1954Jul.

1146.DeyP,“EfficacyofvitaminCincounteractingtetanustoxicity”DieNaturwissenschaften196653(12):310.

1147.DeyP,“Protectiveactionofascorbicacid&itsprecursorsontheconvulsive&lethalactionsofstrychnine”IndianJournalofExperimentalBiology19675(2):110-112.

1148.KlennerF,“Casehistory:cureofa4-year-oldchildbittenbyamaturehighlandmoccasinwithvitaminC”Tri-StateMedicalJournal1954Jul.

1149.JahanK,AhmadK,AliM,“Effectofascorbicacidinthetreatmentoftetanus”BangladeshMedicalResearchCouncilBulletin198410(1):24-28.

ToxicDrugs1150.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0000521/

1151.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaminophen

1152.PetersonF,KnodellR,“Ascorbicacidprotectsagainstacetaminophen-andcocaine-inducedhepaticdamageinmice”Drug-NutrientInteractions19843(1):33-41.

1153.IlkiwJ,RatcliffeR,“Paracetamoltoxicityinacat”AustralianVeterinaryJournal198764(8):245-247.

1154.AxelrodJ,UdenfriendS,BrodieB,“Ascorbicacidinaromatichydroxylation.III.Effectofascorbicacidonhydroxylationofacetanilide,anilineandantipyrineinvivo”TheJournalofPharmacologyandExperimentalTherapeutics1954111:176-181.

1155.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsphenamine

1156.SulzbergerM,OserB,“Theinfluenceofascorbicacidindietonsensitizationofguineapigstoneoarsphenamine”ProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiologyandMedicine193532:716.

1157.DainowI,“DesensitizingactionofL-ascorbicacid”AnnDermatetSyph.19356:830.

1158.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroform

1159.TamuraT,etal,“Studiesontheantidotalactionofdrugs.Part2.VitaminCanditsantidotaleffectagainstchloroformandcarbon

tetrachloridum”TheJournalofNihonUniversitySchoolofDentistry197012(1):25-28.

1160.Onlinearticleat:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a684036.html

1161.NeficH,“AnticlastogeniceffectofvitaminConcisplatininducedchromosomeaberrationsinhumanlymphocytecultures”MutationResearch2001498(1-2):89-98.

1162.GiriA,KhynriamD,PrasadS,“VitaminCmediatedprotectiononcisplatininducedmutagenicityinmice”MutationResearch1998421(2):139-148.

1163.GreggiAntunesL,DarinJ,BianchiM,“ProtectiveeffectsofvitaminCagainstcisplatin-inducednephrotoxicityandlipidperoxidationinadultrats:adose-dependentstudy”2000PharmacologicalResearch41(4):405-411.

1164.AppenrothD,etal,“ProtectiveeffectsofvitaminEandConcisplatinnephrotoxicityindevelopingrats”ArchivesofToxicology199771(11):677-683.

1165.Lopez-GonzalezM,etal,“Ototoxicitycausedbycisplatinisamelioratedbymelatoninandotherantioxidants”JournalofPinealResearch200028(2):73-80.

1166.RybakL,WhitworthC,SomaniS,“Applicationofantioxidantsandotheragentstopreventcisplatinototoxicity”TheLaryngoscope1999109(11):1740-1744.

1167.OlasB,WachowiczB,BuczynskiA,“VitaminCsuppressesthecisplatintoxicityonbloodplatelets”Anti-cancerDrugs200011(6):487-493.1168.Onlinearticleat:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682080.html

1169.LeeC,etal,“Fatalcyclophosphamidecardiomyopathy:itsclinicalcourseandtreatment”BoneMarrowTransplantation199618(3):573-577.

1170.GhoshS,etal,“Effectofascorbicacidsupplementationonliverandkidneytoxicityincyclophosphamide-treatedfemalealbinorats”TheJournalofToxicologicalSciences199924(3):141-144.

1171.VasaviH,etal,“Thesalubriouseffectsofascorbicacidoncyclophosphamideinstigatedlipidabnormalitiesinfibrosarcomabearingrats”CancerBiochemistryBiophysics199816(1-2):71-83.

1172.VijayalaxmiK,VenuR,“InvivoanticlastogeniceffectsofL-ascorbicacidinmice”MutationResearch1999438(1):47-51.

1173.GhaskadbiS,etal,“ModulationofcyclophosphamidemutagenicitybyvitaminCintheinvivorodentmicronucleusassay”Teratogenesis,Carcinogenesis,andMutagenesis199212(1):11-17.

1174.KolaI,VogelR,SpielmannH,“Co-administrationofascorbicacidwithcyclophosphamide(CPA)topregnantmiceinhibitstheclastogenicactivityofCPAinpreimplantationmurineblastocysts”Mutagenesis19894(4):297-301.

1175.VogelR,SpielmannH,“Beneficialeffectsofascorbicacidonpreimplantationmouseembryosafterexposuretocyclophosphamideinvivo”Teratogenesis,Carcinogenesis,andMutagenesis19899(1):51-59.

1176.PillansP,PonziS,ParkerM,“Effectsofascorbicacidonthemouseembryoandoncyclophosphamide-inducedcephalicDNAstrandbreaksinvivo”ArchivesofToxicology199064(5):423-425.

1177.Onlinearticleat:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601207.html

1178.DurakI,etal,(1998)Impairedantioxidantdefensesysteminthekidneytissuesfromrabbitstreatedwithcyclosporine.ProtectiveeffectsofvitaminsEandC.Nephron199078(2):207-211.

1179.RojasM,etal,“Differentialmodulationofapoptosisandnecrosisbyantioxidantsinimmunosuppressedhumanlymphocytes”ToxicologyandAppliedPharmacology2002180(2):67-73.

1180.SlakeyD,etal,“Delayedcardiacallograftrejectionduetocombinedcyclosporineandantioxidanttherapy”Transplantation199356(6):1305-1309.

1181.SlakeyD,etal,“Ascorbicacidandalpha-tocopherolprolongratcardiacallograftsurvival”TransplantationProceedings199325(1):610-611.

1182.Onlinearticleat:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682301.html

1183.DeK,etal,“Evaluationofalpha-tocopherol,probucolandascorbicacidassuppressorsofdigoxininducedlipidperoxidation”ActaPoloniaePharmaceutica200158(5):391-400.

1184.Onlinearticleat:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682221.html

1185.GeethaA,CatherineJ,ShyamalaDeviC,“Effectofalpha-tocopherolonthemicrosomallipidperoxidationinducedbydoxorubicin:influenceofascorbicacid”IndianJournalofPhysiologyandPharmacology198933(1):53-58.

1186.FujitaK,etal,“Reductionofadriamycintoxicitybyascorbateinmiceandguineapigs”CancerResearch198242(1):309-316.

1187.KurbacherC,etal,“Ascorbicacid(vitaminC)improvestheantineoplasticactivityofdoxorubicin,cisplatin,andpaclitaxelinhumanbreastcarcinomacellsinvitro”CancerLetters1996103(2):183-189.

1188.KojimaS,etal,“Antioxidativeactivityofbenzylideneascorbateanditseffectonadriamycin-inducedcardiotoxicity”AnticancerResearch199414(5A):1875-1880.

1189.ShimpoK,etal,“Ascorbicacidandadriamycintoxicity”TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition199154(6Suppl):1298S-1301S.

1190.HajarizadehH,etal,“ProtectiveeffectofdoxorubicininvitaminCordimethylsulfoxideagainstskinulcerationinthepig”AnnalsofSurgicalOncology19941(5):411-414.

1191.TavaresD,etal,“Protectiveeffectsoftheaminoacidglutamineandofascorbicacidagainstchromosomaldamageinducedbydoxorubicininmammaliancells”Teratogenesis,Carcinogenesis,andMutagenesis199818(4):153-161.

1192.AntunesL,TakahashiC,“EffectsofhighdosesofvitaminsCandEagainstdoxorubicin-inducedchromosomaldamageinWistarratbonemarrowcells”MutationResearch1998419(1-3):137-143.

1193.OnlineArticleat:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/293288/iproniazid

1194.MatsukiY,etal,“Effectsofascorbicacidonthemetabolicfateandthefreeradicalformationofiproniazid”[ArticleinJapanese]YakugakuZasshi.JournalofthePharmaceuticalSocietyofJapan1992112(12):926-933.

1195.MatsukiY,etal,“Effectsofascorbicacidoniproniazid-inducedhepatitisinphenobarbital-treatedrats”Biological&PharmaceuticalBulletin199417(8):1078-1082.

1196.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprenaline

1197.RamosK,AcostaD,“PreventionbyL(-)ascorbicacidofisoproterenol-inducedcardiotoxicityinprimaryculturesofratmyocytes”Toxicology198326(1):81-90.

1198.AcostaD,CombsA,RamosK,“AttenuationbyantioxidantsofNa+/K+ATPaseinhibitionbytoxicconcentrationsofisoproterenolinculturedratmyocardialcells”JournalofMolecularandCellularCardiology198416(3):281-284.

1199.Persoon-RothertM,etal,“Isoproterenol-inducedcytotoxicityinneonatalratheartcellculturesismediatedbyfreeradicalformation”JournalofMolecularandCellularCardiology198921(12):1285-1291.

1200.MohanP,BloomS,“Lipolysisisanimportantdeterminantofisoproterenol-inducedmyocardialnecrosis”CardiovascularPathology19998(5):255-261.

1201.RamosK,CombsA,AcostaD,“Roleofcalciuminisoproterenolcytotoxicitytoculturedmyocardialcells”BiochemicalPharmacology198433(12):1989-1992.

1202.LakyD,etal,“Morphophysiologicalstudiesinexperimentalmyocardialstressinducedbyisoproterenol.NoteII.Themyocardioprotectoreffectofmagnesiumascorbate”MorphologieetEmbryologie198430(1):55-59.

1203.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neosalvarsan

1204.CormiaF,“Experimentalarsphenaminedermatitis:theinfluenceofvitaminCintheproductionofarsphenaminesensitiveness”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal193736:392.

1205.McChesneyE,BarlowO,KlinckJrG,“Thedetoxicationofneoarsphenaminebymeansofvariousorganicacids”TheJournalofPharmacologyandExperimentalTherapeutics194280:81-92.

1206.McChesneyE,“Furtherstudiesonthedetoxicationofthearsphenaminesbyascorbicacid”TheJournalofPharmacologyandExperimentalTherapeutics194584:222-235.

1207.BundesenH,etal,“ThedetoxifyingactionofvitaminC(ascorbicacid)inarsenicaltherapy.I.Ascorbicacidasapreventiveofreactionsofhumanskintoneoarsphenamine”TheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation1941117(20):1692-1695.

1208.RuskinS,SilbersteinR,“Practicaltherapeutics.TheinfluenceofvitaminConthetherapeuticactivityofbismuth,antimonyandthearsenicgroupofmetals”MedicalRecord1938153:327-330.

1209.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonamide_%28medicine%29

1210.SchroppJ,“Casereports:sulfapyridinesensitivitycheckedbyascorbicacid”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal194349:515.1211.McCormickW,“SulfonamidesensitivityandC-avitaminosis”CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal194552:68-70.

1212.LandauerW,SopherD,“Succinate,glycerophosphateandascorbateassourcesofcellularenergyandasantiteratogens”JournalofEmbryologyandExperimentalMorphology197024(1):187-202.

1213.Onlinearticleat:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682098.html

1214.PolecR,YehS,ShilsM,“Protectiveeffectofascorbicacid,isoascorbicacidandmannitolagainsttetracycline-inducednephrotoxicity”TheJournalofPharmacologyandExperimentalTherapeutics1971178(1):152-158.

1215.Onlinearticleat:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682412.html

1216.Jurima-RometM,etal,“CytotoxicityofunsaturatedmetabolitesofvalproicacidandprotectionbyvitaminsCandEinglutathione-depletedrathepatocytes”Toxicology1996112(1):69-85.

Trichinosis1217.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001655/1218.DaoudA,etal,“Theeffectofantioxidantpreparation(antox)onthecourseandefficacyoftreatmentoftrichinosis”JournaloftheEgyptian

SocietyofParasitology200030(1):305-314.

1219.SenutaiteJ,BiziuleviciusS,“InfluenceofvitaminContheresistanceofratstoTrichinellaspiralisinfection”WiadomosciParazytologiczne198632(3):261-262.

TrypanosomalInfections1220.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“AfricanTrypanosomaisis,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.367.

1221.PerlaD,“TheeffectofanexcessofvitaminConthenaturalresistanceofmiceandguineapigstotrypanosomeinfections”AmericanJournalofHygiene193726:374-381.

1222.RamirezL,etal,“Preventionoftransfusion-associatedChagas’diseasebysterilizationofTrypanosomacruzi-infectedbloodwithgentianviolet,ascorbicacid,andlight”Transfusion199535(3):226-230.

1223.StrangewaysW,“Observationsonthetrypanocidalactioninvitroofsolutionsofglutathioneandascorbicacid”AnnalsofTropicalMedicineandParasitology193731:405-416.

1224.UmarI,etal,“EffectsofcombinedparenteralvitaminsCandEadministrationontheseverityofanaemia,hepaticandrenaldamageinTrypanosomabruceibruceiinfectedrabbits”VeterinaryParasitology199985(1):43-47.

Tuberculosis1225.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001141/1226.SteinbachM,KleinS,“VitaminCinexperimentaltuberculosis”AmericanReviewofTuberculosis194143:403-414.

1227.AlbrechtE,“VitaminCasanadjuvantinthetherapyoflungtuberculosis”MedizinischeKlinic(Munchen)193834:972-973.

1228.BabbarI,“Observationsofascorbicacid.PartXI.Therapeuticeffectofascorbicacidintuberculosis”TheIndianMedicalGazette194883:409-410.

1229.BirkhaugK,“TheroleofvitaminCinthepathogenesisoftuberculosisintheguineapig.I.DailyexcretionofvitaminCinurineofL-ascorbicacidtreatedandcontroltuberculousanimals.II.VitaminCcontentofsuprarenalsofL-ascorbicacidtreatedandcontroltuberculousanimals”Acta

TuberculoseaScandinavica193812:89-104&III.“QuantitativevariationsinthehaemogramofL-ascorbicacidtreatedandcontroltuberculousanimals”ActaTuberculoseaScandinavica193812:359-372.

1230.BirkhaugK,“IV.EffectofL-ascorbicacidonthetuberculinreactionintuberculousanimals”ActaTuberculoseaScandinavica13:45-51.&“V.DegreeoftuberculosisinL-ascorbicacidtreatedandcontroltuberculosisanimals”ActaTuberculoseaScandinavica193913:52-66.

1231.BogenE,HawkinsL,BennettE,“VitaminCtreatmentofmucousmembranetuberculosis”AmericanReviewofTuberculosis(1941)44:596-603.1232.BossevainC,SpillaneJ,“Anoteontheeffectofsyntheticascorbicacid(vitaminC)onthegrowthofthetuberclebacillus”AmericanReviewof

Tuberculosis193735:661-662.

1233.BorsalinoG,“LafragilitacapillarenellatubercolosipolmonareelesuemodificazioniperazionedellavitaminC”GiornalediClinicaMedica(Bologna)193718:273-294.

1234.CharpyJ,“AscorbicacidinverylargedosesaloneorwithvitaminD2intuberculosis”Bulletindel’academieNationaledeMedecine(Paris)1948132:421-423.

1235.DownesJ,“AnexperimentinthecontroloftuberculosisamongNegroes”TheMilbankMemorialFundQuarterly195028:127-159.

1236.FaulknerJ,TaylorF,“VitaminCandinfection”AnnalsofInternalMedicine193710:1867-1873.

1237.GetzH,LongE,HendersonH,“Astudyoftherelationofnutritiontothedevelopmentoftuberculosis.InfluenceofascorbicacidandvitaminA”AmericanReviewofTuberculosis195164:381-393.

1238.GrantA,AmericanReviewofTuberculosis193021:115.

1239.HeiseF,MartinG,“Ascorbicacidmetabolismintuberculosis”ProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiologyandMedicine193634:642-644.

1240.HeiseF,MartinG,“SupervitaminosisCintuberculosis”ProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalBiologyandMedicine193635:337-338.

1241.HemilaH,etal,“VitaminCandothercompoundsinvitaminCrichfoodinrelationtoriskoftuberculosisinmalesmokers”AmericanJournalofEpidemiology1999150(6):632-641.

1242.KlennerF,“Significanceofhighdailyintakeofascorbicacidinpreventivemedicine”JournaloftheInternationalAcademyofPreventiveMedicine19741(1):45-69.

1243.LeichtentrittB,DeutscheMedizinischeWochenschrift192440:672.1244.McConkeyM,SmithD,“TherelationofvitaminCdeficiencytointestinaltuberculosisintheguineapig”JournalofExperimentalMedicine

193358:503-512.

1245.McCormickW,“VitaminCintheprophylaxisandtherapyofinfectiousdiseases”ArchivesofPediatrics195168(1):1-9.

1246.MyrvikQ,etal,“Studiesonthetuberculoinhibitorypropertiesofascorbicacidderivativesandtheirpossibleroleininhibitionoftuberclebacillibyurine”AmericanReviewofTuberculosis(1954)69:406-418.

1247.PetterC,“VitaminCandtuberculosis”TheJournal-Lancet(Minneapolis)193757:221-224.

1248.PijoanM,SedlacekB,“AscorbicacidintuberculousNavajoIndians”AmericanReviewofTuberculosis194348:342-346.

1249.RudraM,RoyS,“HaematologicalstudyinpulmonarytuberculosisandtheeffectuponitoflargedosesofvitaminC”Tubercle194627:93-94.1250.SteinbachM,KleinS,“EffectofcrystallinevitaminC(ascorbicacid)ontolerancetotuberculin”ProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimental

BiologyandMedicine193635:151-154.

TyphoidFever1251.Onlinearticleat:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002308/

1252.DrummondJ,“Recentadvancesinthetreatmentofentericfever”ClinicalProceedings(SouthAfrica)19432:65-93.

1253.FarahN,“EntericfevertreatedwithsuprarenalcortexextractandvitaminCintravenously”Lancet19381:777-779.

1254.FosterD,ObinecheE,TraubN,“Theeffectofpyridoxine,folicacidandascorbicacidtherapyontheincidenceofsideroblasticanaemiainZambianswithchloramphenicoltreatedtyphoid.Apreliminaryreport”EastAfricanMedicalJournal197451(1):20-25.

1255.HillC,GarrenH,“Theeffectofhighlevelsofvitaminsontheresistanceofchickstofowltyphoid”AnnalsoftheNewYorkAcademyofSciences195563:186-194.

VanadiumPoisoning1256.Onlinearticleat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium#Safety

1257.Onlinearticleat:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/substances/toxsubstance.asp?toxid=501258.ChandraAK,etal,“Vanadium-inducedtesticulartoxicityanditspreventionbyoralsupplementationofzincsulphate”ToxicolMechMethods

200717(4):175-87.

1259.VenkataramanB,SudhaS“Vanadiumtoxicity”AsianJExpSci200519(2):127-134

1260.DomingoJ,LlobetJ,CorbellaJ,“Protectionofmiceagainstthelethaleffectsofsodiummetavanadate:aquantitativecomparisonofanumberofchelatingagents”ToxicologyLetters198526(2-3):95-99.

1261.JonesM,BasingerM,“Chelateantidotesforsodiumvanadateandvanadylsulfateintoxicationinmice”JournalofToxicologyandEnvironmentalHealth198312(4-6):749-756.

1262.DomingoJ,etal,“Influenceofchelatingagentsonthetoxicity,distributionandexcretionofvanadiuminmice”JournalofAppliedToxicology19866(5):337-341.

1263.DonaldsonJ,HemmingR,LaBellaF,“Vanadiumexposureenhanceslipidperoxidationinthekidneyofratsandmice”CanadianJournalofPhysiologyandPharmacology198563(3):196-199.

1264.HillC,“Studiesontheamelioratingeffectofascorbicacidonmineraltoxicitiesinthechick”TheJournalofNutrition1979109(1):84-90.

1265.OusterhoutL,BergL,“Effectsofdietcompositiononvanadiumtoxicityinlayinghens”PoultryScience198160(6):1152-1159.

1266.BenabdeljelilK,JensenL,“Effectivenessofascorbicacidandchromiumincounteractingthenegativeeffectsofdietaryvanadiumoninterior

eggquality”PoultryScience199069(5):781-786.

1267.DomingoJ,etal,“Chelatingagentsinthetreatmentofacutevanadylsulphateintoxicationinmice”Toxicology199062(2):203-211.

1268.FerrerE,BaranE,“Reductionofvanadium(V)withascorbicacidandisolationofthegeneratedoxovanadium(IV)species”BiologicalTraceElementResearch200183(2):111-119.

1269.SongB,AebischerN,OrvigC,“Reductionof[VO2(ma)2]-and[VO2(ema)2]-byascorbicacidandglutathione:kineticstudiesofpro-drugsfortheenhancementofinsulinaction”InorganicChemistry200241(6):1357-1364.

1270.Adam-ViziV,VaradiG,SimonP,“Reductionofvanadatebyascorbicacidandnoradrenalineinsynaptosomes”JournalofNeurochemistry198136(5):1616-1620.

Venoms1271.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“ArthropodsandLeeches,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap.380.

1272.CecilMedicine,23rdEdition,“VenomsandPoisonsfromMarineOrganisms,”Saunders,animprintofElsevierInc.,2008,Chap382.

1273.CilentoP,etal,“VenomousbitesandvitaminCstatus”TheAustralasianNursesJournal19809(6):19.

1274.KlennerF,“Significanceofhighdailyintakeofascorbicacidinpreventivemedicine”JournaloftheInternationalAcademyofPreventiveMedicine19741(1):45-69.

1275.KlennerF,“Theblackwidowspider:casehistory”Tri-StateMedicalJournal1957Decpp.15-18.1276.KlennerF,“Observationsofthedoseandadministrationofascorbicacidwhenemployedbeyondtherangeofavitamininhumanpathology”

JournalofAppliedNutrition197123(3&4):61-88.

1277.KlennerF,“Casehistory:cureofa4-year-oldchildbittenbyamaturehighlandmoccasinwithvitaminC”Tri-StateMedicalJournal1954Jul.

1278.SmithL,“TheClinicalExperiencesofFrederickR.Klenner,M.D.:ClinicalGuidetotheUseofVitaminC”Portland,OR:LifeSciencesPress1988.