Price of Political Opposition_ReadMe

The Price of Political Opposition Replication Materials

Last Updated: November 3, 2013

1 Description of Individual Files There are three different datasets. The individual files to produce the tables and figures are

described below:

1. Regression results for Table 1

a. Dataset: maisanta.dta (STATA)

b. Program: aej_regression_final.do (STATA)

2. Regression results for Tables 2-‐5

a. Dataset: aej_data.dta (STATA)

b. Program: aej_regression_final.do (STATA)

3. Regression results for Figures 1-‐3

a. Dataset: Figures_1_2_3_data.dta (STATA)

b. Program: Figures_1_2_3.do (STATA)

2 Variable Definitions Table 1 – Numbers of Voters Signing Anti-‐Chavez Petitions (using maisanta.dta)

• Maisanta: signed third petition

• Consultivo: signed first petition

• Firmazo: signed second petition

• Maisantaonly: only signed third petition

• Maisanta12: signed third petition AND first OR second petition

• Round12: ONLY signed first or second petition

• Any: signed any of the three petitions

Tables 2-‐5; Figures 1-‐3 (using aej_data.dta and Figures_1_2_3_data.dta) Variable definitions are provided in labels in STATA file. Variables that are not labeled are as follows:

• Maisanta_96 to Maisanta_106: Interaction of dummy variable for signing third petition

with year dummies (96 for 1996, 100 for 2000, until 106 for 2006).

• Maisanta_0304: Interaction of dummy variable for signing third petition with dummy

variable for years 2003 and 2004.

• Maisanta_0506: Interaction of dummy variable for signing third petition with dummy

variable for years 2005 and 2006.

• Maisantaonly_96 to Maisantaonly_106: Interaction of dummy variable for ONLY signing

third petition with year dummies (96 for 1996, 100 for 2000, until 106 for 2006).

• Maisantaonly_0304: Interaction of dummy variable for ONLY signing third petition with

dummy variable for years 2003 and 2004.

• Maisantaonly_0506: Interaction of dummy variable for signing ONLY third petition with


• Maisanta12_96 to Maisanta12_106: Interaction of dummy variable for signing third

petition and Petition 1 or 2 with year dummies (96 for 1996, 100 for 2000, until 106 for

2006).

• Maisanta12_0304: Interaction of dummy variable for signing third petition and

petitions 1 or 2 with dummy variable for years 2003 and 2004.

• Maisanta12_0506: Interaction of dummy variable for signing third petition and

petitions 1 or 2 with dummy variable for years 2005 and 2006.

• Round12_96 to Round12_106: Interaction of dummy variable for only signing petitions

1 or 2 with year dummies (96 for 1996, 100 for 2000, until 106 for 2006).

• Round12_0304: Interaction of dummy variable for only signing petitions 1 or 2 with


• Round12_0506: Interaction of dummy variable for only signing petition 1 or 2 with


• Chavista_96 to Chavista_106: Interaction of dummy variable for signing pro-‐Chavez

petition in Round 3 with year dummies (96 for 1996, 100 for 2000, until 106 for 2006).

• Chavista_0304: Interaction of dummy variable for signing pro-‐Chavez petition in Round

3 with dummy variable for years 2003 and 2004.


• Chavista_0506: Interaction of dummy variable for only signing petition pro-‐Chavez

petition in Round 3 with dummy variable for years 2005 and 2006.

• Educ_96 to Educ_106: Interaction of years of schooling with year dummies (96 for 1996,

100 for 2000, until 106 for 2006).

• Entidad1_year through Entidad24_year: Interaction of dummy variables for state (24

states) with year.

3 Note: Minor Discrepancies

Table 3 – Earnings of Petition 3 (Maisanta) Signers, Household Surveys 1997-‐2006 (Original)

The original aeji_regression.do file replicated the numbers of the original Table 3, but had not

included the highlighted “Education x year effects” in columns (6) and (7). In the original do-‐

file, education x year effects was (6) No and (7) No.

The aej_regression_final.do file now includes the “Education x year effects” for columns (6) and

(7) and the adjusted table below displays the adjusted Maisanta x 2005–2006 coefficients.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Maisanta x 2005–2006 -‐8.62

(1.13) -‐6.52 (0.99)

-‐6.64 (0.99)

-‐6.43 (0.99)

-‐6.03 (0.99)

-‐4.54 (1.28)

-‐4.13 (1.28)

Controls: Demographics No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Demographics x time trend No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes State fixed effects No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Education x year effects No No No No Yes Yes Yes Occupation x year effects No No No No No Yes Yes Sector x year effects No No No No No No Yes

Table 3 – Earnings of Petition 3 (Maisanta) Signers, Household Survey 1997-‐2006 (Adjusted)

The data replication also generated minor discrepancies in Table 2: Characteristics of Chavez

Opponents, Household Surveys 1997–2002. The correct adjustments to Table 2 are highlighted

below, on the next page, and do not impact the reported data analysis in the paper.

Original numbers were:

• Employed (x 100) in: Private Formal & Maisanta – Petition 1/2 only: 2.27 coefficient

• Employed (x 100) in: Public & Maisanta – Nonsigners: (0.55) standard error

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Maisanta x 2005–2006 -‐8.62

(1.13) -‐6.52 (0.99)

-‐6.64 (0.99)

-‐6.43 (0.99)

-‐6.03 (0.99)

-‐4.36 (1.28)

-‐3.97 (1.28)

Controls: Demographics No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Demographics x time trend No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes State fixed effects No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Education x year effects No No No No Yes Yes Yes Occupation x year effects No No No No No Yes Yes Sector x year effects No No No No No No Yes


Table 2 – Characteristics of Chavez Opponents, Household Surveys 1997–2002 (adjusted) Sample

Mean Maisanta – Nonsigners

Maisanta – Petition 1/2 only

Log Labor income (2000 Bolivares)

7.43 (0.80)

0.092 (0.011)

0.013 (0.015)

Employed (x 100) 91.5 (27.9)

-‐0.59 (0.31)

-‐0.17 (0.46)

Employed (x 100) in: Private Formal 39.3

(48.8)

0.40 (0.69)

-‐2.27 (1.04)

Public 17.1 (37.6)

2.11 (0.63)

-‐0.49 (0.93)

Informal 43.6

(49.6)

-‐2.51 (0.72)

2.77 (1.06)

Age 36.6 (12.2)

2.46 (0.19)

3.60 (0.27)

Years of schooling 8.29 (3.93)

0.74 (0.06)

-‐0.13 (0.09)

Female 0.37 (0.48)

0.07 (0.01)

0.016 (0.011)

Lives in Caracas 0.14 (0.35)

0.05 (0.01)

0.01 (0.01)

Notes: Maisanta defined as signing Petition 3 (Reafirmazo). Petition 1/2 defined as signing first

or second petition (Consultivo or Firmazo). Bold denotes statistical significance at 95 percent

confidence. Sample restricted to individuals from 1997 through 2002, above age 18, and in the

labor force. N = 122,473.

Price of Political Opposition_ReadMe

Documents

Transcript of Price of Political Opposition_ReadMe