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Myers-Briggs Myers-Briggs Personality Type Personality Type Indicator – MBTI Indicator – MBTI Kathy Prem Kathy Prem Engineering Career Services Engineering Career Services University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Wisconsin-Madison MBTI, Myers-Briggs, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Introduction to Type are MBTI, Myers-Briggs, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Introduction to Type are registered trademarks of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Trust registered trademarks of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Trust

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Transcript of Prezentacja testowa

Myers-Briggs Personality Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator – MBTIType Indicator – MBTI

Kathy PremKathy Prem

Engineering Career ServicesEngineering Career Services

University of Wisconsin-MadisonUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison

MBTI, Myers-Briggs, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Introduction to MBTI, Myers-Briggs, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Introduction to Type are registered trademarks of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Type are registered trademarks of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator TrustTrust

Introduction to Type TheoryIntroduction to Type Theory

Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung developed a Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung developed a theory early in the 20theory early in the 20thth century to describe century to describe basic individual preferences and explain basic individual preferences and explain similarities and differences between peoplesimilarities and differences between people Main postulate of the theory is that people Main postulate of the theory is that people

have inborn behavioral tendencies and have inborn behavioral tendencies and preferencespreferences

Your natural response in daily situationsYour natural response in daily situations Used when we are generally not stressed and feel Used when we are generally not stressed and feel

competent, and energeticcompetent, and energetic Could be defined as those behaviors you often don’t Could be defined as those behaviors you often don’t

noticenotice

Innate PreferencesInnate Preferences

Exercise:Exercise: Write your Write your

namename

Development of the MBTIDevelopment of the MBTI InstrumentInstrument

Jung’s theory important but inaccessible to the Jung’s theory important but inaccessible to the general populationgeneral population

Isabel Myers and Katherine Briggs (mother-Isabel Myers and Katherine Briggs (mother-daughter team) expanded on Jung’s work by daughter team) expanded on Jung’s work by developing an instrument to help people identify developing an instrument to help people identify their preferencestheir preferences

The MBTI tool is an indicator of personality type The MBTI tool is an indicator of personality type (i.e. innate preferences) that has proven to be (i.e. innate preferences) that has proven to be remarkably reliable and validremarkably reliable and valid Represents the result of over 50 years of research Represents the result of over 50 years of research Is used globally in both education and corporate settings; Is used globally in both education and corporate settings;

over 2 million people each yearover 2 million people each year

Value of the MBTIValue of the MBTI

Distinctions from other psychological or career Distinctions from other psychological or career based toolsbased tools Does Does notnot assess psychological health assess psychological health Does Does notnot “tell” the client what to do or be “tell” the client what to do or be Involves client feedback and “agreement” to TypeInvolves client feedback and “agreement” to Type Involves Involves nono scaling or value scaling or value Inherent strengths and weaknesses associated with Inherent strengths and weaknesses associated with

each type profileeach type profile

Structure of the MBTIStructure of the MBTI

The MBTIThe MBTI instrument uses four dichotomies to instrument uses four dichotomies to identify preferences, which are then combined identify preferences, which are then combined into one Typeinto one Type

A dichotomy divides items into A dichotomy divides items into 2 groups2 groups where there where there is is no continuum or valueno continuum or value implied implied

Four MBTIFour MBTI Dichotomies Dichotomies

ExtrExtraaversion – Introversionversion – Introversion

E - I DichotomyE - I DichotomyWhere do you prefer to focus Where do you prefer to focus your attention – and get your your attention – and get your energy?energy?

Sensing – Intuition Sensing – Intuition

S - N DichotomyS - N DichotomyHow do you prefer to take in How do you prefer to take in information?information?

Thinking – Feeling Thinking – Feeling

T - F DichotomyT - F DichotomyHow do you make decisions?How do you make decisions?

Judging – PerceivingJudging – Perceiving

J - P DichotomyJ - P DichotomyHow do you deal with the How do you deal with the outer world?outer world?

Caution: MBTICaution: MBTI Word Usage Word Usage

Words used to describe preferences in Words used to describe preferences in psychology do not mean the same thing as psychology do not mean the same thing as they do in everyday lifethey do in everyday life Extravert does not mean talkative or loudExtravert does not mean talkative or loud

Introvert does not mean shy or inhibitedIntrovert does not mean shy or inhibited

Feeling does mean emotionalFeeling does mean emotional

Judging does not mean judgmentalJudging does not mean judgmental

Perceiving does not mean perceptivePerceiving does not mean perceptive

Etc.Etc.

E – I Dichotomy: Source of E – I Dichotomy: Source of EnergyEnergy

Most people who prefer Most people who prefer ExtraversionExtraversion Prefer action over Prefer action over

reflectionreflection May act quickly w/out May act quickly w/out

thinkingthinking Are attuned to external Are attuned to external

environmentsenvironments Prefer to communicate by Prefer to communicate by

talkingtalking Learn best through doing Learn best through doing

or discussingor discussing Are sociable and Are sociable and

expressiveexpressive Enjoy working in groupsEnjoy working in groups

Most people who prefer Most people who prefer IntroversionIntroversion Prefer reflection over Prefer reflection over

actionaction May not take action at allMay not take action at all

Are attuned to inner worldAre attuned to inner world Prefer to communicate in Prefer to communicate in

writingwriting Learn best through Learn best through

thorough mental practice thorough mental practice and reflectionand reflection

Are private and containedAre private and contained Enjoy working alone or in Enjoy working alone or in

pairspairs

Which is worse: no interruptions or frequent Which is worse: no interruptions or frequent interruptions?interruptions?

What is your E – I preference?What is your E – I preference? Exercise Exercise

When you are going to a large When you are going to a large party, what do you do?party, what do you do?

What do you consider a large What do you consider a large party or group?party or group?

S – N Dichotomy: Take in S – N Dichotomy: Take in InformationInformation

Most people who Most people who prefer Sensingprefer Sensing Emphasize the pragmaticEmphasize the pragmatic Prefer facts & details/ Prefer facts & details/

specific informationspecific information Are oriented to present Are oriented to present

realitiesrealities Value realismValue realism Observe and remember Observe and remember

specifics through 5 sensesspecifics through 5 senses Build carefully and Build carefully and

thoroughly to conclusionsthoroughly to conclusions Trust experienceTrust experience

Most people who Most people who prefer Intuitionprefer Intuition Emphasize the theoreticalEmphasize the theoretical Prefer general concepts/ Prefer general concepts/

high-level planshigh-level plans Are oriented to future Are oriented to future

possibilitiespossibilities Value imaginationValue imagination See trends and patterns in See trends and patterns in

specific dataspecific data Use a “sixth” senseUse a “sixth” sense Move quickly to Move quickly to

conclusions, follow conclusions, follow huncheshunches

Trust inspirationTrust inspiration

Which is worse – no sense of the present reality or no Which is worse – no sense of the present reality or no sense of the future possibilities?sense of the future possibilities?

What is your S-N preference?What is your S-N preference?

ExerciseExercise How did you decide How did you decide

whom to support?whom to support?

T – F Dichotomy: Decision T – F Dichotomy: Decision MakingMaking

Most people who Most people who prefer Thinkingprefer Thinking Are analyticalAre analytical Use cause-and-effect Use cause-and-effect

reasoning reasoning Solve problems with Solve problems with

logiclogic Strive for objective Strive for objective

standard of truthstandard of truth Described as reasonableDescribed as reasonable Search for flaws in an Search for flaws in an

argumentargument Fair – want everyone Fair – want everyone

treated equallytreated equally

Most people who Most people who prefer Feelingprefer Feeling EmpatheticEmpathetic Guided by personal valuesGuided by personal values Assess impact of decisions Assess impact of decisions

on peopleon people Strive for harmony and Strive for harmony and

positive interactionspositive interactions Described as Described as

compassionatecompassionate Search for point of Search for point of

agreement in an argumentagreement in an argument Fair – want everyone Fair – want everyone

treated as an individualtreated as an individual

Which is worse: working in an environment that lacks Which is worse: working in an environment that lacks logic or an environment that lacks harmony?logic or an environment that lacks harmony?

What is your T-F Preference?What is your T-F Preference?

ExerciseExercise Little League Coach Little League Coach

for the championship for the championship game and you can game and you can only take 11 of 13 only take 11 of 13 players to the gameplayers to the game

What do you do? How What do you do? How do you choose?do you choose?

J – P Dichotomy: LifestyleJ – P Dichotomy: Lifestyle

Most people who Most people who prefer Judgingprefer Judging Are scheduled/organizedAre scheduled/organized Strive to finish one Strive to finish one

project before starting project before starting anotheranother

Like to have things Like to have things decideddecided

May decide things too May decide things too quicklyquickly

Try to avoid last-minute Try to avoid last-minute stresses; finish tasks well stresses; finish tasks well before deadlinebefore deadline

Try to limit surprisesTry to limit surprises See routines as effectiveSee routines as effective

Most people who Most people who prefer Perceivingprefer Perceiving Are spontaneous/flexibleAre spontaneous/flexible Start many projects but Start many projects but

may have trouble may have trouble finishing themfinishing them

Like things loose and Like things loose and open to changeopen to change

May decide things too May decide things too slowlyslowly

Feel energized by last-Feel energized by last-minute pressures; finish minute pressures; finish tasks at the deadlinetasks at the deadline

Enjoy surprisesEnjoy surprises See routines as limitingSee routines as limiting

Which is worse: “winging it” or adhering to a schedule?Which is worse: “winging it” or adhering to a schedule?

What is your J-P Preference?What is your J-P Preference? ExerciseExercise

Sending you on a Sending you on a vacationvacation

$5,000$5,000 What do you do? How What do you do? How

do you go about it?do you go about it?

What IS your TypeWhat IS your Type??

1.1. Today’s discussion gives you a self-Today’s discussion gives you a self-estimate or assessment of your typeestimate or assessment of your type

2.2. Your MBTI results will report the preferences Your MBTI results will report the preferences you choose on the Indicatoryou choose on the Indicator

3.3. Final type assessment requires agreement Final type assessment requires agreement between self assessment and MBTI between self assessment and MBTI responsesresponses

Composite TypeComposite Type

One letter from each dichotomyOne letter from each dichotomy

Sum equals more than the partsSum equals more than the parts It represents the dynamic interactions among the It represents the dynamic interactions among the

preferences in your typepreferences in your type

No hierarchy among the types; each identifies No hierarchy among the types; each identifies normal and valuable personalitiesnormal and valuable personalities

Why should we care?Why should we care?

Individual Benefits: Gain insights into Individual Benefits: Gain insights into personalitypersonality Reduce your defensiveness when involved in a Reduce your defensiveness when involved in a

disagreementdisagreement

Increase your openness to feedback (clues) from Increase your openness to feedback (clues) from what is going on around youwhat is going on around you

Improve your ability to see others more accuratelyImprove your ability to see others more accurately

Enhance your ability to appreciate differences in Enhance your ability to appreciate differences in yourself and in othersyourself and in others

Improve your ability to choose realistic goalsImprove your ability to choose realistic goals

Why should we care?Why should we care?

Staff Benefits: Appreciate othersStaff Benefits: Appreciate others Make constructive use of individual approachesMake constructive use of individual approaches

Allow for creative problem-solving; Different types Allow for creative problem-solving; Different types approach problems in different, yet valid waysapproach problems in different, yet valid ways

Understand and adapt to leadership’s management Understand and adapt to leadership’s management stylestyle

Respect people’s work preferencesRespect people’s work preferences

Improve communication among supervisors, peers, Improve communication among supervisors, peers, employees, customersemployees, customers

Why should we care?Why should we care?

ExampleExample Approach to staff meetings that accommodate both Approach to staff meetings that accommodate both

introverts and extraverts? introverts and extraverts?

Communication BreakdownCommunication Breakdown

Ideal Leader is…Ideal Leader is… Extravert: action-orientedExtravert: action-oriented Introvert: contemplativeIntrovert: contemplative Sensing: pragmaticSensing: pragmatic Intuitive: visionaryIntuitive: visionary Thinking: logicalThinking: logical Feeling: compassionateFeeling: compassionate Judging: planfulJudging: planful Perceiving: adaptablePerceiving: adaptable

Source: From Teambuilding Program (2nd Edition), E. Hirsh, K. W. Hirsh, S. Krebs Hirsh, 2003, CPP, Inc.

Understanding TypeUnderstanding Type in in “uncomfortable” situations“uncomfortable” situations

Potential PitfallsPotential Pitfalls Characteristics when under stress or Characteristics when under stress or

“uncomfortable” (out of Type“uncomfortable” (out of Type)) ExamplesExamples

Overcrowded schedule may force you to exhibit Overcrowded schedule may force you to exhibit more judging traits than you may prefermore judging traits than you may prefer

Team projects may force you to work as an Team projects may force you to work as an extravert; brainstorming, talking through problems extravert; brainstorming, talking through problems vs. thinking them through on your ownvs. thinking them through on your own

Concrete information may be more valued more Concrete information may be more valued more than “gut-feeling” approachthan “gut-feeling” approach

Staff meeting may focus on everyone’s involvement Staff meeting may focus on everyone’s involvement first, when you would prefer to address the task first, when you would prefer to address the task first.first.

To Take to the Office with YouTo Take to the Office with You

With similar types on a team:With similar types on a team: The team will understand each other easily and quicklyThe team will understand each other easily and quickly Will reach decisions quickly, but will be more likely to Will reach decisions quickly, but will be more likely to

make errors due to not taking in all viewpointsmake errors due to not taking in all viewpoints May fail to appreciate gifts of the “outlying” typesMay fail to appreciate gifts of the “outlying” types

With a variety of types on a team:With a variety of types on a team: Longer to establish communication between the Longer to establish communication between the

members of the teammembers of the team Less likely to overlook possibilities and detailsLess likely to overlook possibilities and details Longer to reach consensus Longer to reach consensus

Source: From Teambuilding Program (2nd Edition), E. Hirsh, K. W. Hirsh, S. Krebs Hirsh, 2003, CPP, Inc.

Occupational Trends by TypeOccupational Trends by Type

 

ISTJManagement

AdministrationLaw enforcement

Accounting

 

ISFJEducation

Health careReligious settings

 

INFJReligion

CounselingTeaching

Arts

INTJScientific or technical

fieldsComputers

Law

 

ISTPSkilled trades

Technical fieldsAgriculture

Law EnforcementMilitary

ISFPHealth care

BusinessLaw enforcement

 

INFPCounseling

WritingArts

 

INTPScientific or technical

fields

ESTPMarketing

Skilled tradesBusiness

Law enforcementApplied technology

 

ESFPHealth careTeachingCoaching

Childcare workerSkilled trades

ENFPCounselingTeachingReligion

Arts

 

ENTPScience

ManagementTechnology

Arts

 

ESTJManagement

AdministrationLaw enforcement

 

ESFJEducation

Health careReligion

ENFJReligion

ArtsTeaching

 

ENTJManagementLeadership

Source: From Introduction to Type and Careers, A.L. Hammer, 1993, Consulting Psychologists Press

Determining Your TypeDetermining Your Type

MBTIMBTI Response Sheet Response Sheet NOT necessarily your “true type”NOT necessarily your “true type” If several unanswered questions, be aware the If several unanswered questions, be aware the

results may not be as accurateresults may not be as accurate Preference ClarityPreference Clarity

Not how well-developed you are!Not how well-developed you are!– How consistently you reported a preferenceHow consistently you reported a preference– How accurate the results areHow accurate the results are

You must verify results by reading and You must verify results by reading and accepting the profileaccepting the profile

Influences on Self-ReportingInfluences on Self-Reporting

Stress or boredomStress or boredom Personal, work, otherPersonal, work, other

Currently at a cross-roadsCurrently at a cross-roads Literally unable to identify own preferencesLiterally unable to identify own preferences

Institutional, supervisory, family, “should’s”Institutional, supervisory, family, “should’s” Not a “shoes-off” environmentNot a “shoes-off” environment

Conference meeting setting – Difficult to set aside Conference meeting setting – Difficult to set aside business frame of mindbusiness frame of mind

Personal misunderstanding of or “values Personal misunderstanding of or “values laden” concept behind word pairs usedladen” concept behind word pairs used

Influences on Self-ReportingInfluences on Self-Reporting

Societal values Societal values May cause over-reporting of particular May cause over-reporting of particular

TypesTypes Vary among culturesVary among cultures

In U.S., overall cultural values favor ESTJ In U.S., overall cultural values favor ESTJ TypeType

ExtraversionExtraversion SensingSensing ThinkingThinking JudgingJudging

Thereby, US societal values may cause over-reporting of

the Type….

Also true for workplace values

Want to complete the MBTIWant to complete the MBTI??

OptionalOptional Results are Results are confidentialconfidential unless you decide to unless you decide to

shareshare 15-20 Minutes15-20 Minutes

Responding to MBTIResponding to MBTI Questions Questions

Relaxed settingRelaxed setting

Don’t “think” too much about any one Don’t “think” too much about any one question; your initial reaction is most usefulquestion; your initial reaction is most useful

If you do not understand a word, you may skip If you do not understand a word, you may skip the questionthe question

Both choices may be attractive to you; pick the Both choices may be attractive to you; pick the BEST fitBEST fit