PREVENTION OF STRAINS, PREVENTION OF STRAINS, SPRAINS, AND MATERIAL SPRAINS, AND MATERIAL

HANDLING INJURIES IN HANDLING INJURIES IN

CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION

INSERT SPEAKER NAME, TITLE, AND

ORGANIZATION INFORMATION

OverviewOverview

OSHA Alliance ProgramOSHA Alliance Program

OSHA Alliance Program Construction OSHA Alliance Program Construction

RoundtableRoundtable

U.S. Construction Injury Statistics U.S. Construction Injury Statistics

Planning the WorkPlanning the Work

Safe PracticesSafe Practices

ResourcesResources*Through the OSHA Alliance Program, this presentation was developed by members of the Alliance Program Construction Roundtable for informational purposes only. It does not necessarily reflect the official views of OSHA or the U.S. Department of Labor . (September 2008)

Alliance ProgramAlliance Program OSHA and the participating organizations OSHA and the participating organizations

define, implement, and meet a set of define, implement, and meet a set of short- and long- short- and long-term goals that fall term goals that fall into three categories: into three categories:• Training and educationTraining and education• Outreach and communicationOutreach and communication• Promoting the national dialogue Promoting the national dialogue

on safety and health on safety and health

Sharing technical expertise, Sharing technical expertise, developing and disseminating developing and disseminating compliance assistance products compliance assistance products with participants with participants

Provides OSHA access to millions Provides OSHA access to millions of employers and employeesof employers and employees

John R. Miller, President, SIA.; Edwin G. Foulke, Jr., Assistant Secretary, USDOL-OSHA; and

Richard J. Marshall, then-Executive Vice President, SIA; sign a national Alliance

agreement on February 25, 2008

OSHA Alliance Program OSHA Alliance Program Construction RoundtableConstruction Roundtable

Purpose of Alliance RoundtablePurpose of Alliance Roundtable

Success of Alliance Program Construction Success of Alliance Program Construction Roundtable: Roundtable:

Fall Protection WorkgroupFall Protection Workgroup

Design for Safety (DfS) WorkgroupDesign for Safety (DfS) Workgroup

PresentationsPresentations

OSHA Alliance Program Construction OSHA Alliance Program Construction

Roundtable: MembersRoundtable: Members American Industrial Hygiene AssociationAmerican Industrial Hygiene Association American Society of Safety EngineersAmerican Society of Safety Engineers Concrete Sawing and Drilling Association Concrete Sawing and Drilling Association Construction Institute-American Society of Civil Engineers Construction Institute-American Society of Civil Engineers Independent Electrical Contractors Independent Electrical Contractors Laborers’ Health and Safety Fund of North AmericaLaborers’ Health and Safety Fund of North America National Association of Home Builders National Association of Home Builders National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Sealant Waterproofing and Restoration Institute Sealant Waterproofing and Restoration Institute National Safety Council National Safety Council Sealant Waterproofing and Restoration Institute Sealant Waterproofing and Restoration Institute Washington Division of URS Corporation Washington Division of URS Corporation

Alliance Program Construction Alliance Program Construction Roundtable ProductsRoundtable Products

Design for Safety WorkgroupDesign for Safety Workgroup Design for Construction Safety Web site Design for Construction Safety Web site

““Introduction to Designing for Introduction to Designing for

Construction Safety” presentationConstruction Safety” presentation Design for Construction Safety Design for Construction Safety

2 – 4 Hour Course2 – 4 Hour Course Washington Division of URS Case Washington Division of URS Case

Study, Study, "Washington Group "Washington Group International Designs and Builds a International Designs and Builds a Mixed-Waste Treatment Facility." Mixed-Waste Treatment Facility." February 2007February 2007

Fall Protection WorkgroupFall Protection Workgroup Safety Tips SheetsSafety Tips Sheets ““Fall Protection” presentationFall Protection” presentation Toolbox TalksToolbox Talks

Joint Fall Protection/Design forJoint Fall Protection/Design for Safety Safety Prevention of Fall Fatalities and Injuries Prevention of Fall Fatalities and Injuries

in Construction presentationin Construction presentation

Picture of Toolbox Talks: Ladder Safety

Screen Capture of Design for Construction Safety Web site

Design for Construction Safety Web Design for Construction Safety Web Site Site

Screen Capture of OSHA’s Alliance Program Construction Roundtable Web Page

Alliance Program Construction RoundtableAlliance Program Construction Roundtable

U.S. Construction Injury Statistics1

371,700 non-fatal injuries per year (9.7% of total private industry workforce)371,700 non-fatal injuries per year (9.7% of total private industry workforce)

Sprains and strains 32.8%Sprains and strains 32.8%

• Back 23.5%Back 23.5%

• Upper Extremities 23.5%Upper Extremities 23.5%

• Lower Extremities 25.4%Lower Extremities 25.4%

• Overexertion 17.4%Overexertion 17.4%

28% of workers missed 31 days or more28% of workers missed 31 days or more

11 Bureau of Labor Statistics-2007 Bureau of Labor Statistics-2007

Reducing Sprains, Strains, and Material Reducing Sprains, Strains, and Material Handling Injuries Requires PlanningHandling Injuries Requires Planning

Plan the WorkPlan the Work

Identify workers capable of doing the workIdentify workers capable of doing the work

Coach workers not to work beyond their Coach workers not to work beyond their capabilitiescapabilities

Have stretching programsHave stretching programs

Do a Job Hazard Analysis Do a Job Hazard Analysis

Job Hazard AnalysisJob Hazard Analysis

A A job hazard analysisjob hazard analysis is a technique that breaks each is a technique that breaks each

job down into individual tasks to identify the hazards. job down into individual tasks to identify the hazards.

It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the

task, the tools, and the work environment.task, the tools, and the work environment.

Job Hazard Analysis Example: DrywallingJob Hazard Analysis Example: Drywalling

TaskTask HazardHazard Protection/PreventionProtection/Prevention

Lifting sheets of Back strain Have materials deliveredLifting sheets of Back strain Have materials delivered

drywall to levels by supplierdrywall to levels by supplier

Anyone working alone willAnyone working alone will

use a panel lifteruse a panel lifter

Attaching drywall Injuries to lower Use scaffoldingAttaching drywall Injuries to lower Use scaffolding

back Use drill extensionback Use drill extension

Planning-Material HandlingPlanning-Material Handling

•Are there heavy materials that will be handled on site?

•Do workers lift more than 50 pounds without help?

•Are there handles to help carry materials?

•Are the carts or dollies available?

•Do any of the job task require lifting overhead?

•Where will the materials be staged?

Planning- ToolsPlanning- Tools

•Are tools sharp and in good condition?

•Which tools vibrate too much?

•Do all tools have proper handles?

•Which tools require bending of the wrist?

Planning-Repetitive WorkPlanning-Repetitive Work

Which tasks use the same motion over

and over for more than 1 hour each day?

Planning-Awkward PositionsPlanning-Awkward Positions

•Which jobs require work above shoulder level?

•Which jobs require work at floor level?

•Which jobs require workers to stay in one position for a

long time?

•Which jobs require a lot of bending and twisting?

Planning-Walking and Working Planning-Walking and Working SurfacesSurfaces

•Are working and walking surfaces clean and dry?

•Are working and walking surfaces unobstructed?

•Are working and walking surfaces even?

•Are aisles clear and wide enough for carts, dollies,

forklifts to pass through?

Working at Ground LevelWorking at Ground Level

Prolonged or repeated Prolonged or repeated work activities in the work activities in the crouching/kneeling crouching/kneeling position causes reduced position causes reduced blood flow to the lower blood flow to the lower extremities and contact extremities and contact pressure injuries to the pressure injuries to the part of the knee coming part of the knee coming into contact with hard into contact with hard surfaces.surfaces.

Working at Ground Level-Motorized Working at Ground Level-Motorized Concrete ScreedsConcrete Screeds

Screed concrete standing up instead of bending overScreed concrete standing up instead of bending over

Working at Ground Level-Use Working at Ground Level-Use Mechanical Equipment for DiggingMechanical Equipment for Digging

Use a trencher or backhoe for digging trenchesUse a trencher or backhoe for digging trenches

Working at Ground Level-Change Working at Ground Level-Change PositionsPositions

Change positions when working at ground level and use knee pads

Working at Ground Level-Working at Ground Level-Stand-up Screw GunsStand-up Screw Guns

Fasten sub-floor standing up instead of stooping overFasten sub-floor standing up instead of stooping over

Working at Ground Level-Working at Ground Level-Tie Rebar Standing UpTie Rebar Standing Up

Tie rebar standing up Tie rebar standing up instead of stooping overinstead of stooping over

Working OverheadWorking Overhead

Working with the elbow above shoulder height for prolonged periods can trap nerves and blood vessels under bone and muscle

Repeatedly lifting or applying force with arms above shoulder level can strain the muscles and tendons of the shoulder and neck

Overhead Work-Overhead Work-Extension Shafts for DrillsExtension Shafts for Drills

Using a shaft extension Using a shaft extension on a hand drill eliminates on a hand drill eliminates need to reachneed to reach

Overhead Work-Overhead Work-Pneumatic Drywall FinishingPneumatic Drywall Finishing

Finish drywall standing Finish drywall standing up, less wrist and arm up, less wrist and arm movementmovement

Principles of Manual LiftingPrinciples of Manual Lifting

•Keep load close to your body

•Keep load in front of you

•Lift with your legs

Manual Lifting-PowerManual Lifting-PowerZoneZone

The power zone for lifting is The power zone for lifting is

close to the body, betweenclose to the body, between

mid-thigh and mid-chest height. mid-thigh and mid-chest height.

Lifting, Holding, and Handling Lifting, Holding, and Handling Materials-Deliver Grout Materials-Deliver Grout

MechanicallyMechanically

Deliver grout Deliver grout mechanically instead of mechanically instead of with bucketswith buckets

Lifting, Holding, and Handling Lifting, Holding, and Handling Materials-Use Mechanized Materials-Use Mechanized

Equipment to Stage MaterialsEquipment to Stage Materials

Use a lull or aerial lift to Use a lull or aerial lift to stage materials at high stage materials at high levels or onto the bed of levels or onto the bed of truckstrucks

Lifting, Holding, and Handling Lifting, Holding, and Handling Materials-Lift from Power ZoneMaterials-Lift from Power Zone

Lift from power zone, mid Lift from power zone, mid thigh to mid chest, use thigh to mid chest, use two or more people to lift two or more people to lift heavy objectsheavy objects

Lifting, Holding, and Handling Lifting, Holding, and Handling Materials-Use Dollies or CartsMaterials-Use Dollies or Carts

Use a plank cart to Use a plank cart to transport planks rather transport planks rather than carrying by handthan carrying by hand

Lifting, Holding, and Handling Lifting, Holding, and Handling Materials-Use Manual Hand TrucksMaterials-Use Manual Hand Trucks

Manual hand trucks can Manual hand trucks can be used to move be used to move materials up and down materials up and down stairs and onto tailgatesstairs and onto tailgates

Lifting, Holding, and Handling Lifting, Holding, and Handling Materials-Use Wall JackMaterials-Use Wall Jack

Small crews can benefit Small crews can benefit from the use of wall jacks from the use of wall jacks when lifting partitions into when lifting partitions into placeplace

Lifting, Holding, and Handling Lifting, Holding, and Handling Materials-Use Motorized Lift for Materials-Use Motorized Lift for Plywood, Lumber, and MasonryPlywood, Lumber, and Masonry

Motorized lift Reduce Motorized lift Reduce Material Handling and Material Handling and Stress on BackStress on Back

Lifting, Holding, and Handling Lifting, Holding, and Handling Materials-Use Vacuum Handles or Materials-Use Vacuum Handles or

Vacuum LiftersVacuum Lifters

Use vacuum handles to Use vacuum handles to pick up sheets of materialpick up sheets of material

Eliminates handling sharp Eliminates handling sharp edges and bending or edges and bending or stretching across large stretching across large sheets.sheets.

Lifting, Holding, and Handling Lifting, Holding, and Handling Materials-Specify Lightweight Materials-Specify Lightweight

Concrete BlockConcrete Block

Designer can specify Designer can specify

lightweight concrete blocklightweight concrete block whenever structurally whenever structurally

feasiblefeasible

Hands and WristHands and Wrist

Performing hand-intensive tasks with a bent wrist, either up and down or side to side, creates considerable stress on the tendons and their sheaths as they are bent across the harder bones and ligaments that make up the outside structure of the wrist.

Tools-Properly Designed ToolsTools-Properly Designed Tools

Reduce stress to fingers, Reduce stress to fingers, hand, and forearmhand, and forearm

Tools-Power Caulking GunsTools-Power Caulking Guns

Reduce stress to fingers, Reduce stress to fingers, hand, and forearmhand, and forearm

Tools-Battery Operated Cable Tools-Battery Operated Cable CuttersCutters

Powered cable cutters Powered cable cutters reduce the strain from reduce the strain from using hand powered using hand powered cutting toolscutting tools

Tools-Mechanical Wire PullersTools-Mechanical Wire Pullers

Reduces the strain that Reduces the strain that would occur from pulling would occur from pulling wire manually.wire manually.

Tools-Low Vibration ToolsTools-Low Vibration Tools

High Vibration Tools Can High Vibration Tools Can Damage Blood Vessels Damage Blood Vessels and Nerves in handand Nerves in hand

Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources

Choosing Safer Hand Tools in ConstructionChoosing Safer Hand Tools in Construction

http://www.lhsfna.org/files/handtools1.pdfhttp://www.lhsfna.org/files/handtools1.pdf OSHA Ergonomics Page OSHA Ergonomics Page

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/index.html Construction Ideas-Reducing Soft Tissue Injuries Construction Ideas-Reducing Soft Tissue Injuries

http://www.worksafebc.com/publications/health_and_safety/bulletins/constructive_ideas/default.asp

Ergonomic Survival Guide for Carpenters and FramersErgonomic Survival Guide for Carpenters and Framers

http://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/dosh_publications/erg_CarpFramer.html Ergonomic Survival Guide for Electricians Ergonomic Survival Guide for Electricians

http://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/dosh_publications/ElectriciansErgo.pdf Ergonomic survival Guide for Laborers Ergonomic survival Guide for Laborers

ttp://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/dosh_publications/Erg_Laborer.pdfttp://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/dosh_publications/Erg_Laborer.pdf

Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources

Simple Solutions: Ergonomics for Construction WorkersSimple Solutions: Ergonomics for Construction Workers

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-122/ OSHA Ergonomics etool for Electricians OSHA Ergonomics etool for Electricians

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electricalcontractors Job Hazard Analysis, OSHA 3071Job Hazard Analysis, OSHA 3071