Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
description
Transcript of Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
![Page 1: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
Prof. Wasantha Gunathunga
![Page 2: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Levels of prevention
Primary Secondary Tertiary
![Page 3: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Objectives
To know approaches to prevention of NCD
To know the control measures of NCDs
![Page 4: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Primary prevention of NCD
![Page 5: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What areas can be improved to prevent NCDs?
Physical Mental Social Spiritual Combined
![Page 6: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Physical
Central obesity BMI Exercise Stamina
![Page 7: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mental
Managing stress
Work place Marital Social
![Page 8: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Train mind
![Page 9: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mental health
Teaching to relax
![Page 10: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Primary prevention programs
NIRIGI lanka project (ministry of health website)
Walking tracks Relaxation programs MO NCD, MO mental health, MO
(MCH)
![Page 12: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Secondary prevention
![Page 14: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Screening
14
![Page 15: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
The presumptive identification of unrecognized disease or defect by the application of tests, examinations or other procedures which can be applied rapidly to sort out apparently well persons who probably have a disease from those who probably do not
![Page 16: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
The basic concept is finding a condition or disease before obvious signs or symptoms have appeared - asymptomatics
![Page 17: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Screening
Test asymptomatic people to classify them as likely or unlikely to have a particular disease eg. Pap smear
Leads to further investigations to reach a final diagnosis eg. Biopsy
Goal is to reduce morbidity or mortality from the disease being screened for by early treatment of cases
Screening is the major form of secondary prevention
![Page 18: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Criteria for a screening programA. The disease Should be an important health problem in terms of impact
on the individual and society Natural history should be known The disease or condition should be common ( P&I) There should be a recognisable latent or early detectable
preclinical phaseB. The screening test Suitable test should be available ie. sensitivity, specificity,
PPV Screening should be repeated at intervals determined by
natural history Accurate % acceptable C. The treatment Should have an effective treatment for early stage diseaseD. The screening program Benefit should be greater than harm Costs Case finding should be a continuous process and not a “once
and for all” project
![Page 19: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Screening vs diagnostic tests
Diagnostic tests are usually performed in people with signs or symptoms of disease
Screening tests are performed in asymptomatic persons
Population vs individual perspective Benefits of testing must outweigh any
negative effects that may arise including physical, psychological and monetary
![Page 20: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Types
Mass screening Individualized screening Routine screening
![Page 21: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Examples of screening
Breast cancer: Mammography for women >50yrs
Cervical cancer: Pap smears
Colon cancer: Faecal occult blood tests and sigmoidoscopy
Cardiovascular disease: Blood pressure, Cholesterol
Neonatal screening - PKU (Phenylketonuria)
Antenatal screening - HBsAg, VDRL
![Page 22: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Other secondary preventive strategies
Diabetic clinics Ncd clinics Routine screening
![Page 23: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56813a02550346895da1cb84/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tertiary prevention
Rehabilitation units Community based rehabilitation Other treatment forms