PREVENTING FARMERS’ SUICIDES ! MOFF’S EXPERIENCE … SESSIONS/PLENARY 1/VIKRAM BOKEY.pdf ·...

PREVENTING FARMERSPREVENTING FARMERS’’ SUICIDES ! SUICIDES ! MOFFMOFF’’S EXPERIENCE SHOWS ONLY ORGANIC S EXPERIENCE SHOWS ONLY ORGANIC

FARMING WORKSFARMING WORKS

Presented by

Vikram Bokey IPS(R )

Chairman,Maharashtra Organic Farming Federation, Pune (MOFF)

At

ORGANIC ASIA – THE WAY FORWARD ( INNOVATIONS, CHALLENGES AND COLLABORATION FOR THE FUTURE)

Sarawak Village , Kuching, Sarawak MALAYSIA

October 28th to 31st 2008

PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com

http://www.pdffactory.com

MAHARASHTRA ORGANIC FARMING MAHARASHTRA ORGANIC FARMING

FEDERATION, PUNEFEDERATION, PUNE

State level federation of :

• Farmers

• Stakeholders

• Environmentalists

• NGOs

• Consumers



AimAim• Transfer of technology for Sustainable Agriculture to farmers at grass

root level

• Promotion of low-cost, no-debt, sustainable production of agricultural crops & prevent farmers’ suicides.

• Training for value addition, grading, packing, labeling & marketing • Certification of Organic farms• Women participation & empowerment in Sustainable Agriculture

• Awareness of poison free organic food consumption in the urban society

• Facilitate marketing of organic food from farmers directly to the consumers.

• Documentation –Success stories, Innovative Practices, package of Practices, Data on Economics, Research Papers etc.

• Publications.



• Food & Agriculture Organization - United Nations (FAO - UN)• International Institute For Sustainable Agriculture, Pune (IISA)• Gene Campaign, New Delhi• Center for Environment Education, New Delhi (CEE)• Research Foundation for Science, Technology & Ecology, New

Delhi • The Covenant Center for Development (CCD), New Delhi• Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi (DBT)• International Competence Center for Organic Agriculture,

Bangalore (ICCOA)• Organic Farming Association of India, Goa (OFAI)

contd

Coordination Coordination



• National Center of Organic farming, Ghaziabad ( UP )

• Commissioner of Agriculture, M.S, Pune

• Department of Agriculture Animal Husbandry & Dairy Science, M.S.

• Four Agricultural Universities of Maharashtra State

• 120 NGOs – e.g. Panipanchayat, Gramparivartan, NOCA, VOFA, KVK etc

CoordinationCoordination



• Jurisdiction - Maharashtra State* 34 Districts* 140 Taluka* 15000 Villages

• Head Office - Pune

• Trustees - 10

• Apex Council - 127 members ( 3-4 Senior Organic Farmers / District)

• Advisory Board - 20 members (Hon. Adv. Manohar Parchure, Dr. Vijay Bhatkar, Dr. Tarak Kate, Dr. Ashwini Ghorpade & others)

• District Heads - 34 Organic farmers

• District Coordinators - 68 organic farmers

• Member NGOs - 120

• Farmers in Contact - 1,42,000

Network of MOFF,Network of MOFF, PunePune



Principal ActivitiesPrincipal Activities

• Establishment of An International Institute, for Sustainable Agriculture, Pune

• “Farmers Suicide Prevention Mission” in Vidarbha• GRAMDOOT Project to convert 25,000 farmers from chemical to

organic farming.• Self Sustainable Biovillage Projects • Organic Model Farms• Organic Farm schools – (Every Thursday, 2 hrs Theory & 2 hrs

Practical on organic farms) • Organic Crop demonstrations • Trainers’ Training on Organic farming • Seed Banks of traditional, improved, straight & composite varieties of

major crops (Hybrids & Genetically modified crops Prohibited)



• Anti. GM. Campaign

• Farmer rallies, seminars, workshops, exhibitions, organic Mandi /Bazar

• Study tours for farmers in & out of Maharashtra State

• Self help groups of male & female farmers

• Organic farm certification with Participatory guarantee scheme (PGS)

• Farmers’ Producer Companies

• Organic food consumers club

• Documentation of organic farmers’ experiences, Innovative experiments, Success Stories, Technical & research findings, Marketing data etc

• Leading role in Government’s organic policy

Principal ActivitiesPrincipal Activities



Presentation Presentation Part Part –– II

SUCCESS STORY OF FARMERS’

SUICIDE

PREVENTION MISSION



PROJECT AREA AND POPULATION OF FarmersPROJECT AREA AND POPULATION OF Farmers

District Area under cultivation

( hectares)

Population of Farmers

Akola 4,58,000 1,14,000

Buldhana 6,29,000 3,25,000

Amravati 4,98,000 1,36,000

Wardha 4,05,000 1,23,000

Yavatmal 8,03,000 2,85,000

Washim 3,30,000 1,32,000

Total 31,23,000 11,15,000



Project At a GlanceProject At a Glance

• Title of the Project :- FARMERS’ SUICIDE PREVENTION

MISSION, in VIDARBHA

• Period of the Project :- June 2006 to May 2008

• Area of operation :- Six Districts of Vidarbha Region

• Number of Talukas :- 61

• Task Force of the Project :- 144

• Targeted main Crops :- Cotton, Soybean, Pigeon Pea, Wheat,

Gram, Groundnut, Orange.



Task Force of the ProjectTask Force of the Project

Sr.

No.

Name of Person Designation No Area of operation

1 Shri. Vikram Bokey Chairman 1 Maharashtra State

2 Shri. Diliprao Deshmukh

Baradkar

Vice - Chairman 1 Maharashtra State

3 Smt. Chandraprabha Bokey Principal Project

coordinator 1 Vidarbha Region

4 Shri. Sanjay Sontakke Project coordinator 1 Vidarbha Region

5 Shri. Jayaprakash Patil District coordinator 1 Akola

6 Shri. Ramesh Deshmukh District coordinator 1 Buldhana

Contd…



Sr. No.

Name of Person Designation No Area of operation

7 Shri. Shyam Sawant District coordinator 1 Amravati

8 Shri. Sanjay Tigaonkar District coordinator 1 Wardha

9 Shri. Ram Kalaspurkar District coordinator 1 Yavatmal

10 Shri. Narendra Taiwade District coordinator 1 Washim

11 Affiliated NGO Members

Project Facilitators 12 2 NGOs per District

(6 District)

12 Field Staff Village Ambassadors (Gramdoot)

122 @ 2 perTaluka for 61 Talukas

6 Districts

Total 144



Area of operation & beneficiaries of the Project Area of operation & beneficiaries of the Project

Sr.No.

District Area(Sq.Kms).

No. of beneficiaries

(farmers)

crops

1 Akola 5,429 1,740 Cotton, Pigeon pea, Soybean, Orange, Vegetables

2 Buldhana 9,661 3,435 Cotton, Pigeon pea, Soybean, Gram, Wheat, Orange

3 Amravati 12, 210 3,530 Cotton, Pigeon pea, Gram, Ground – nut, Wheat, Orange

4 Wardha 6,309 1,505 Cotton, Soybean, Pigeon pea, Gram, Orange, Wheat

5 Yavatmal 9,892 3,995 Cotton, Pigeon pea, Soybean, Groundnut, Gram, Wheat, Orange

6 Washim 5,134 1,475 Cotton, Soybean, Wheat, Gram, Pigeon pea, Groundnut

Total 48,635 15,680



Area under different crops in the Project Area under different crops in the Project ( hectares )( hectares )

Sr.

No

District Cotton Soybean Pigeonpea Wheat Gram Groundnut Orange

1. Akola 2,07,600 50,300 52,200 3,400 24,000 500 3,791

2. Buldhana 1,88,700 1,41,200 81,600 26,500 30,100 600 2,328

3 Amravati 2,68,200 1,67,100 90,900 10,300 37,200 2,000 54,123

4 Wardha 99,800 1,95,500 52,500 15,500 21,300 2,600 9,596

5 Yavatmal 3,32,800 1,76,300 1,27,100 5,100 12,900 1,200 7,208

6 Washim 67,800 1,85,100 47,400 3,000 24,700 100 2,004

Total 11,64,900 9,15,500 4,51,700 63,800 1,50,200 8,502 79,050



PanchsutriPanchsutri( the five point formula )( the five point formula )

• A key to ensure reasonable livelihood for small land holder farmers.• Guarantees debt-free farming & self – reliance.1. Counseling :- To change the mindset of NPK based agriculture2. Indigenous seed :- No use of hybrid & GM crop seeds3. Indigenous livestock :- Indigenous cow providing organic inputs for

crop nutrient & pest management.4. Mixed cropping pattern :- Ensures compensation in losses due to natural

factors.:- Meets demand of variety of food required by

farmer’s family.:- Helps for crop nourishment & pest

management.5. Value addition & marketing :- by farmers / Self help groups.



‘‘12 POINTS12 POINTS’’ Organic Crop Production Package of MOFFOrganic Crop Production Package of MOFF

• Importance of In-situ Soil & Water (Moisture) Conservation

• Selection of proper soil & crop pattern.

• Selection of improved, straight & composite varieties of crop (No Hybrid, Genetically Modified seed, & Research seed variety of Private Seed Companies)

• Culturing of Seed Material

• Proper method of sowing / planting.

• Crop nutrient management practice.

Contd…



• Pest management practices

• Weed management practice

• Mulching

• Harvesting & Value addition (Cleaning , grading, processing, packing, labeling etc.) of Organic Products.

• Certification of organic farm under Participatory Guarantee Scheme (PGS)

• Marketing of organic products – Domestic & Abroad (Producer to consumer direct supply linkage)

‘‘12 POINTS12 POINTS’’ Organic Crop Production Package of MOFFOrganic Crop Production Package of MOFF



MAJOR ACTIVITIES OF THE PROJECTMAJOR ACTIVITIES OF THE PROJECT

Sr. No.

Particulars Area of operation

No. Number of Beneficiaries

Remark

1 Baseline Survey i) Soil type,Climate, irrigationSources &Cropping Patternsii) Socio,economic surveyof Farmers' family &Resources availableiii) Data on Costcultivation &Profitability

6 Districts

6 Districts

6 Districts

-

-

-

-

Baseline Survey Conducted to re-evaluate it at the end of the Project

Contd…



Sr. No.



Remark

2 Spiritual Training sources to give up suicidal thoughts.

6 District 18

(3 per District)

1800

(100 per sources)

-

3 Meetings to create awareness of organic farming for farmers & consumers

6 District 30

(5 per District)

300

(100 per meeting)

-

4. Study Tours and farm Visit to ideal organic farms.

6 District 24

(4 per District)

2400

(100 per Tour)

-

Contd…



Sr. No.



Remark

5 Indigenous Seed Banks

6 Districts 12

(2 banks per district)

Farmers from 61 Talukas

Expert organic farmers established Seed Banks to provide seeds to interested farmer

6 Trainings for organic cultivation Practices

61 Talukas 305

5 Trainings / Taluka

15250 (50 farmers per

training)

-



Sr. No.



Remark

7 Demonstrations on organic input Production on farm

61 Talukas 610

(10 Demos

/ Talukas)

30500

(50 farmers / demo)

Demonstrations for the Production ofVermicompost, biodynamic compostBeejamrut,Jeevamrut,Deshaparni etc

8 Organic Model Plots (Organic farm School )

50 Talukas 100

2 plots /Talukas

Farmers visited these farms during their study tours

Contd…



Sr. No.



Remark

9 Trainings to farmers & self help groups for value addition , Processing & Packing of organic produce

60

Talukas

300

5 Trainings / Taluka

15,000

50 Trainees / Training

Experts and Government Sponsored the Trainings

10 Trainings for Organic Certification under Participatory Guarantee Scheme (PGS) & Meeting Strategy

61

Talukas

61

One Training /

Taluka

6100

100 farmers / Training

OFAI & MOFF Sponsored the trainings & documentation under PGS



Baseline survey of the projectBaseline survey of the project(Soil type, climate, cropping pattern, socio economic (Soil type, climate, cropping pattern, socio economic

status, production cost benefit ratio etc)status, production cost benefit ratio etc)



Spiritual Training courses to give up suicidal thoughts. (1,800 beneficiary farmers)



Meetings to create awareness of organic farming Meetings to create awareness of organic farming (30 Meetings)(30 Meetings)



Study tours to ideal organic farms Study tours to ideal organic farms (24 Study tours)(24 Study tours)



Indigenous Seed BankIndigenous Seed Bank(12 Banks)(12 Banks)



Training for organic cultivation practicesTraining for organic cultivation practices(305 Trainings)(305 Trainings)



Demonstration of organic input production on farm Demonstration of organic input production on farm (610 Demos)(610 Demos)



Training to Self Help Groups for Value addition of Training to Self Help Groups for Value addition of organic product ( 300 Trainings )organic product ( 300 Trainings )



Training for organic certification under PGSTraining for organic certification under PGS( 61 Trainings)( 61 Trainings)



Organic farm school Organic farm school --Model PlotsModel Plots(100 Schools)(100 Schools)



Achievements of the ProjectAchievements of the Project

1. Stopped suicides completely in 62 blocks of six districts covering 15,680 farmers.

2. Created awareness of low cost, no- debt & Sustainable Production Technology to small land holder & resource poor farmers.

3. Conversion of 15,680 farmers from chemical to organic farming with – organic certified farms.

4. Availability of wide range of PGS certified organic produce for domestic marketing.

5. Improvement in soil productivity in Vidarbha region

6. Increase in water table level helping farmers to take additional seasonal crops.

7. 15,000 farmers learnt to produce required organic inputs on farm & saved money on purchase from market.

Contd…



8. Establishment of 100 organic model plots, totally self reliant.

9. Establishment of 12 indigenous seed banks

10. Strengthened 150 Self Help Groups through trainings on value addition & processing of organic Products, thereby helping about 1,800 families earn additional livelihood.

11. Created awareness of toxic- free food computation in consumers

12. Provided gainful employment for about 600 persons for organic input production units.

13. Project established a model for replication by other States in India.

14. Made a welcome change in the livelihood of these families.15. Restored faith in the oldest culture, in the history of main land.16. Curbed & reversed the influx of the Rural Youth to the Urban habitats.

Achievements of the ProjectAchievements of the Project



Achievements of the missionAchievements of the mission



Presentation Presentation

Part Part –– IIII

PARTICIPATORY GUARANTEE PARTICIPATORY GUARANTEE

SCHEME FOR ORGANIC SCHEME FOR ORGANIC

CERTIFICATION ( PGS )CERTIFICATION ( PGS )

-- ideal for small land holder farmersideal for small land holder farmersPDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com


Common Problems in Organic Certification

• Consumers want proof of organic status• 3rd party Certification

- Too expensive in direct costs- Too complicated (paperwork)- Unsustainable- By design an exclusive marketing label only.- Facilitates non-diversified large farm certification.

• Organic movement is being stifled by 3rd Party Certification (less than 0.05 % certified !)

• Farmers & Consumers are looking for an alternative certificationsystem.



1. Participatory Guarantee Scheme in recognized & promoted by :

– Food & Agriculture Organization (U.N.)– International Federation of Organic Farming Movements

(IFOAM).

• PGS is in active use in– Brazil– USA– New Zealand

• PGS is supported by Government of India through National Centre of Organic Farming, Ghaziabad(U.P.)



Organic India Council Implementing PGS through NGOs Organic India Council Implementing PGS through NGOs

In IndiaIn India

• Organic Farming Association of India (OFAI)

• Maharashtra Organic Farming Federation (MOFF)

• Timbaktu Collective

• Deccan Development Society, Andhra Pradesh (DDS)

• Indian Institute of Rural Development, (IIRD)

• Keystone Foundation



PGS in IndiaPGS in IndiaKey Factors for SuccessKey Factors for Success

• Low Direct Cost. Affordable to families that may have low cash sales.

• Minimal paperwork

• Appropriate for small farmers

• Regionally appropriate Standards

• Peer inspections

• Village, Regional & National groups in a horizontal Network without hierarchies

• Build the Organic Movement, rather than just provide an expensive marketing label.

Contd …



• Mutual Recognition & support between regional PGS groups in India. There are already individual local labels being created independently, but a single strongly supported national label will do much more for the movement as a whole. There is strength in numbers & more credibility to the program as a whole is created

• Inclusive of New & Transitioning Organic Farmers

• Subtext of support & training built into the system

• Empower the Small Farmer with skills & market power.

PGS in IndiaPGS in IndiaKey Factors for SuccessKey Factors for Success



PGS PhilosophyPGS Philosophy

• Provide a credible guarantee to consumers

• Maintained by the farmers & other stakeholders that it serves

• Empowerment & responsibility of stakeholders

• Minimize costs & administration

• In-build systems encourage peer education & support



PGS PGS ““Key FeaturesKey Features””• Organic Norms/ Standards

• Clear & Consistent process of certification with openly documented management systems & procedures.

• Transparent decision making

• Stakeholder control over the Norms

• Non-hierarchical / Grassroots Organization

• Suitable to small holder agriculture

• Principles & values that enhance livelihoods & promote organic agriculture

• Mechanisms to verify farmer’s compliance

• Mechanisms for supporting farmers (education, networks)

• National seal / label / mark to demonstrate inclusion in the system

• Clear & previously defined consequences for defaulters.



Key GroupsKey Groups

CCRREEDDIIBBIILLIITTYY

ORGANIZATION LEVELORGANIZATION LEVEL

Farm Family

Local Group

Regional Group

National CoordCommittee



PGS Organizational ChartPGS Organizational ChartNational Coordinating Committee

Regional Group

Local Group

Regional GroupRegional Group

Local GroupLocal Group

Farmer

Farmer

Farmer



Certification Process : Building CredibilityCertification Process : Building CredibilityFarmerJoins Local Group Fills in Basic Info ApplicationReads simplified standardsSigns “Farmer’s Pledge”

Local Group Peer Inspection (3+)Scripted Visit•Complete physical field checks• Confirm farmer understands rulesSign inspection statement•May complete farmer’s app at thistime

Local GroupCollates application, inspection, pledge for each farmer Secret ballot voting Sends Summary to Reg Council

Regional CouncilChecks for completenessPasses info to NCCIssues annual ID # to Local GroupIssues Certificates to each Farmer

National Coordinating CommitteeRegisters the name of each Local Group Random Pesticide Residue Testing Maintains SMS / InternetTraceability



Role of Key GroupsRole of Key GroupsIndividual FarmersIndividual Farmers

• Educate themselves on Organic Standards

• Sign a Pledge that they understand and adhere to Organic Standards

• Participate in Inspection/audits of Other farmers

• Advising neighbors, Sharing information, improving Capacity of the group as a Whole

• No Restrictions on visit to farm

• (Encouraged) Participate in inspections/sharing in neighboring villages



Role of Local GroupsRole of Local GroupsWHO Farmers ( and consumers) living in one or more village :

- May be self-created, but more after group is facilitated by a local NGO orGovernment agency extension Service

- Can be overlaid on an existing group- (i.e) Self-Help Group Farmer, Field School group, Women’s empowerment group etc)

ROLE :

- First contact point for new farmers - Coordinate on-farm inspections - Regular meeting to support and educate each other - Confidential voting - Take responsibility for each other - Remove member for defaults – permanently or for the season



Role of Key Groups Regional CouncilRole of Key Groups Regional Council

Who

- NGO or district level government OR Self Created by several Local Groups

- Any Group can become a regional council as long as they can meet the functional requirements (just as a government, NGO or for profit Company can be 3rd Party certifier

- Consumer Member Strongly encouraged

contd



ROLE

- Apply to the National Coordinating Committee for paper work and procedures

- Training and support to Local Groups in Procedures.

- First point of contact for new farmer groups and consumers.

- Check for complete Paperwork from Local Group.

- Issue ID number to each Local Group

- Issue Organic Certificates to each Member of the Local Group (can’t choose farmers).

- Participates in Sampling of Local Group farm inspections

- Provides Summary information on each farm to NGO

- (Encouraged) Regional Level Marketing (district level farmer’s market consumer

Co-op. school, festival etc.)

- Encouraged) Apply for a seat on the NCC



Role of Key GroupsRole of Key GroupsNational Coordinating CommitteeNational Coordinating Committee

WHO

- Representative from Ministry of Agriculture with Consumer Groups appropriate NGOs and unlimited number of Regional Council Groups

ROLE

- Approve application and requirement Councils

- Provide appropriate and updated documents to RC’s

- Maintain National Standard (Based on NPOP but may have exceptions)

- Approve Regional Standards

- National Level outreach, education and marketing on Organic and PGS

- Maintain SMS and Internet traceability for all Local Groups and Processors

- Maintains a Positive relationship with 3rd Party Certifiers. Helps link Local Groups to global markets through ICS Programs with 3rd Party Certifiers

- Coordinate random sample pesticide residue testing



Frequently Asked Questions (FAQFrequently Asked Questions (FAQ’’s)s)

• The Difference Between PGS and 3rd Party Certification

- Paperwork

- Regionally appropriate (and small farmers appropriate Standards allow more farmers to Participate, increasing the organic base in the country.

- PGS is inclusive of new/ transitioning Organic Farmers

- Involvement of Consumers is encouraged

- 3rd Party Certification has proven to be too easy to defraud because it’s based on paperwork and an antagonistic relationship (think of income taxes) rather than join social control and peer support.

Contd



• Why not dictate that outsiders be included in “Peer Inspections” (Priest members from another village, local Panchayat. Ag-Technicians. etc)

• How big is a Regional Group what areas is covered. Who can form a Regional Group. Who must be included. Shouldn’t we specify these things?

• Who can you expect village farmers to exclude each other from local group? (secret ballot. Social control example of two strikes. Out for a year)

• Aren’t 3rd Party Certification Agencies going to fight this Does PGS Complete with 3rd Party Certification?

• How do you keep distributors and processors from cheating ? ( Can you ever do this? Ecocert Suggestions)

• From a farmer This is a lot of work . I’d rather just pay my 100 rupees to the ICS and be done with it How is this better?

• From Farmers is there a buyer for my PGS Certified Organic Find me one first




Frequently Asked Questions (FAQFrequently Asked Questions (FAQ’’s)s)• Difference Between ICS and PGS

- In India, only the crop is certified. Certified Organic cotton farmers in Maharashtraare now seeking 2nd organic certification for Wheat …. PGS Certifies the whole farm

- ICS requires a common point of sale. There is no freedom for farmers to explore other markets or to self certified organic Products in other markets.

- Farmers basically becomes an indentured laborer-farmer can be taken advantage of (MH example again)

- Farmer not in control of Standards and regulation. Results in less farmers being certified

- Farmers not in control of costs (increasing with greater monitoring and in GAO. Pesticide residues BELOW acceptable Organic standards were found in a UK grocery store (could even have been in the packing ) but ICS GROUP is now required to pay for regular testing)

Contd…



- ICS doesn’t work because it starts with an antagonistic “Prove it” relationship

between farmer and the monitors, Farmers end up helping each other cheat after

even one suffers being reported on by an outside monitor.

- No empowerment / Capacity Building of farmers

- Confidentiality more important than Transparency

- Huge Amount of Paperwork required assistance from NGO is not sustainable

- ICS (like 3rd Party labeling) is just a marketing tool. PGS requires more capacity &

involvement from farmers but it builds a MOVEMENT




Marketing Marketing

Who is going to buy PGS OrganicWho is going to buy PGS Organic

• Local Direct Markets (Street Markets, Wheat festival)

• Food World, Shop Rite (Can only get export rejects, Poor quality & high Premiums)

• Local Organic-only Shops are increasing (Raj Shekhar Reddy 5 )

• International Opportunities (Brazilian Example)

• Domestic Processing Opportunities

• ITC Kiosk project with high degree of traceability in – built

• Numerous domestic marketing Opportunities (Women’s empowerment groups can form cooperatives to self Farmer’s excess crops- Dhamapuri / Madhuri)

• Chetna Organic’s cotton interest

• Also, why ask when you already have such good infrastructure to overlay right now with minimal hassle

• “Build it and they will come”



PGS groups formed in India PGS groups formed in India ( As on 15( As on 15thth October 2008 )October 2008 )

Sr. No.

Name of NGO State No. of PGS group

Total No. of Farmers

1 Deccan Development society (DDs)

Andhra Pradesh 40 200

2 Maharashtra Organic Farming Federation (MOFF)

Maharashtra 30 200

3 Timbaktu Collective (TC) Andhra Pradesh 17 431

4 INFACT Kerala 1 10

5 TOFT Tamil Nadu 4 38

6 VSK Uttar Pradesh 1 11

Total 93 890



IISAIISA



PREVENTING FARMERS’ SUICIDES ! MOFF’S EXPERIENCE … SESSIONS/PLENARY 1/VIKRAM BOKEY.pdf ·...

Documents

Transcript of PREVENTING FARMERS’ SUICIDES ! MOFF’S EXPERIENCE … SESSIONS/PLENARY 1/VIKRAM BOKEY.pdf ·...