Prevalence and patterns of drug use among the general .... E. Lavado, V... · Drug use surveys in...

Drug use surveys in music festivals in Portugal

Prevalence and patterns of drug use among the general population (GPS) 2018 Expert meeting on the indicator

Monitoring drug use in recreational settings: challenges and opportunities

Elsa Lavado, Vasco Calado, Lúcia Dias

15-16 May 2018 - EMCDDA (Lisbon)

Since 2002, SICAD has been conducting qualitative and quantitative studies in

recreational settings, including music festivals.

• Boom (2002)

• Rock in Rio (every two years since 2006)

• NOS Alive (2017)

Topics of study:

• Drugs and alcohol use prevalence

• Risk perceptions

• Social representations

• Knowledge of the law

2

introduction

Drug use surveys in music festivals in Portugal GPS: 2018 Expert meeting on the indicator

3Drug use surveys in music festivals in Portugal GPS: 2018 Expert meeting on the indicator

4

conclusions


Qualitative studies(ethnographic)

Boom 2002Rock in Rio 2006

Main conclusions:

� Rejection of heroin and, to a lesser extent, alcohol� Fascination with consciousness-expanding substances� Apology of natural substances, seen as harmless� Curiosity for new drugs� Relativization of health risks and harms� Risk practices (mixtures / high doses)

Drug use is linked to the urge to escape the daily life routine. The psychadelic experience is seen as a goal, as something that allows the «trip».Drug use is part of a rampant hedonistic culture.

Boom

5

conclusions



Main conclusions:

� Cannabis use in the open, not an hidden practice� Cannabis use in conviviality with friends� Drug use is higher in social leisure contexts� Drug normalization

In some recreational settings (namely raves and trance parties), drug use (cannabis) is no longer an exception to the rule, but rather the rule itself.

Rock in Rio


Boom 2002Rock in Rio 2006

6Drug use surveys in music festivals in Portugal GPS: 2018 Expert meeting on the indicator

7

mixed studies


Mixed Studies Rock in Rio 2008/2010/2012/2014/2016/2018NOS Alive 2017

NOS ALIVE

In the framework of NPS Euronet, in Portugal beside the collection for chemical analysis of wastewater treatment, a questionnaire wasapplied to the public of the music festival NOS Alive Lisbon, in July2017.

SICAD collaborated in the design and implementation of thequestionnaire and in the analysis of the results.

Main Goal: Characterize the public and their NPS use

Partnership between:

SICAD

Egas Moniz (Álvaro Lopes)

INMLCF (Mário João Dias)

ROCK IN RIO (RIR)

In the scope of the SICAD Program of Studies on Social Representations (that began in 2008), studies have been carried out focusing on the adolescent and young adult population present in each edition of the Rock in Rio - Lisboa (RIR), a music festival, held every two years in the Portuguese capital.

Main Goal: identify patterns of illicit substance use, as well as social representations and attitudes towards illicit substances, by young people.

A questionnaire concerning drugs was applied in three editions of Rock in Rio - Lisbon (2008, 2012 and 2016).

SICAD: General Directorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies (Serviço de Intervenção nos Comp. Aditivos e nas Dependências)Egas Moniz: Egas Moniz – Higher Education Cooperative, C.R. L.INMLCF: National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, I.P.

8

more female than male

young (15-24 years old)

mostly are students (university)

mainly with residence in the region of Lisbon

in NOS ALIVE almost all with Portuguese nationality (foreign countries=11%)

in RIR all Portuguese


sample

GPS: 2018 Expert meeting on the indicator

37.1%

22.2%

14.3%

29.4%

18.7%

10.5%

51.5%

32.5%

19.7%

15.9%

8.3%6.3%

lifetime last 12 months last 30 days

RIR 2012 RIR 2016 NOS Alive 2017 GPS 2016/17

9

Illicit drug use prevalence (%)(15-34 years old)


results


Balsa, et al., 2017. National Survey on Drug Use in General Population, Portugal 2016/17 (GPS 2016/17)

10Drug use surveys in music festivals in Portugal

36

.2%

21

.2%

13

.6%

28

.9%

17

.7%

9.9

%

48

.5%

32

.5%

19

.0%

15

.1%

8.0

%

6.4

%

lifetime last 12M last 30D


Cannabis use prevalence(15-34 years old and Portuguese) (%)

3.8

%

1.7

%

0.7

%

3.6

%

1.9

%

1.1

%

4.5

%

2.5

%

1.1

%

1.1

%

0.3

%

0.2

%



Cocaine use prevalence(15-34 years old and Portuguese) (%)

results



2.8

%

0.9

%

0.1

%

2.9

%

1.4

%

0.7

%

4.2

%

2.3

%

0.7

%

0.9

%

0.2

%



Ecstasy use prevalence(15-34 years old and Portuguese) (%)

3.0

%

0.9

%

0.3

%

2.7

%

0.7

%

0.2

%

3.4

%

0.7

%

0.3

%

0.5

%

0.1

%

0.0

%



LSD use prevalence(15-34 years old and Portuguese) (%)

< 0

,1%

results



3.4

%

1.4

%

0.4

%

1.5

%

0.3

%

0.1

%

6.3

%

0.8

%

0.6

%0.5

%

0.4

%



NPS use prevalence(15-34 years old and Portuguese) (%)

< 0

,1%

results


13

15.1%

18.0%

6.6%

17.1%

27.3%

19.3%

19.5%

26.0%

30.5%

31.0%

day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5


Illicit drug use prevalence by festival date (%)

Last

12M

2012

2016

Metallica

B. Springsteen

Hollywood Vampires


results


29.0%

25.9%

32.1%

40.4%

48.0%

last 12 months

electronic hip hop indie pop rock


Illicit drug use prevalence according to favourite musical genre (%)

results

2017

15

“What comes to mind when you think about «Drug»?”(%)


2012 2016

9.7%

4.9%

2.0%

5.7%

6.1%

5.7%

24.7%

15.8%

2.6%

10.8%

5.2%

4.2%

5.5%

12.6%

14.8%

19.4%

fun

decadence

disease

drug use (types of)

drug users (types of)

bad choices

substances

addiction

non-users (L12M) (N=854)

drug users (L12M) (N=247)

4.7%

1.0%

0.5%

4.7%

5.2%

6.3%

27.1%

16.1%

1.8%

3.3%

5.2%

6.3%

7.1%

14.8%

14.2%

21.2%

fun

decadence

disease

drug use (types of)


bad choices

substances

addiction



results

party, adrenaline, relief, joy, night, festivals, social, summer, fun, …

night life, conviviality, enjoyment, fun, euphoria, happiness, parties, …

16

“What comes to mind when you think about «Drug Users»?”(%)


2012 2016

12.8%

6.6%

0.4%

2.9%

18.9%

5.3%

3.3%

10.7%

6.7%

9.1%

3.9%

3.0%

10.4%

12.5%

1.3%

9.6%

fun

decadence

disease

drug use (types of)


bad choices

substances

addiction



4.4%

0.0%

2.7%

6.6%

19.8%

7.1%

1.1%

13.7%

1.8%

1.2%

4.9%

1.7%

14.0%

15.6%

2.0%

16.6%

fun

decadence

disease

drug use (types of)


bad choices

substances

addiction



results

party, friends, entertainment, fun, happiness, adrenaline, music, night,…

night life, rave, joy, well-being, festivals, recreational, rock music, socialize, …

17

“What comes to mind when you think about «Drug Addicts»?”(%)


2012 2016

0.0%

6.5%

12.2%

1.2%

3.7%

8.6%

2.9%

20.4%

0.2%

4.7%

13.5%

0.6%

2.7%

13.3%

3.9%

21.6%

fun

decadence

disease

drug use (types of)


bad choices

substances

addiction



0.5%

4.8%

8.6%

1.1%

5.4%

11.8%

6.5%

22.0%

0.3%

2.2%

10.8%

1.3%

4.1%

12.9%

4.9%

23.4%

fun

decadence

disease

drug use (types of)


bad choices

substances

addiction



results


Category "additive behavior" in the open question“What comes to mind when you think about «Greater Problems of Portuguese Society» (%)

2008(n=94)

(9,5% of the total sample)

2012(n=53)


2016(n=40)


17.0

3.2

67.0

12.8 26.4

1.969.8

1.9

alcohol tobaccoillicit substances addictions

52.5

20.0

17.5

10.0


results

19

Cannabis use motivations according to lifetime users(15-34 years old) (%)


2.2%

15.1%

2.0%

4.1%

1.2%

3.7%

17.3%

5.6%

41.5%

0.7%

12.5%

1.0%

4.4%

0.7%

2.7%

21.3%

4.1%

46.6%

8.3%

10.8%

11.2%

13.3%

14.8%

20.3%

21.7%

26.0%

physical energy for leisure activities

be sociable

social/peer pressure

forget about problems

reduces inhibitions

curiosity

relax

feel high

fun

GPS 2016/17 * RIR 2016 RIR 2012

* Considered the category “very important”

results



conclusions



Between 2008 and 2016, there were fewer respondents who considered illicit substances as a serious

social problem, and by 2016, alcohol was considered a major problem.

Illicit substances are less associated with crime, poverty and social exclusion.

According to the respondents, problematic drug use is less visible than it used to be, young people show less familiarity and contact with drug addicts. According to this study of Rock in Rio, the heroin user/abuser figure, who was a central figure of popular culture in the 80s and 90s, is absent in the

discourse of the young people.

Respondents tended to associate the word "drugs" more with cannabis rather than with heroin, as was common in the past. They also associate the word "drug users" more with friends and young people than

with drug addicts.

However, drug use is seen primarily as a life style, albeit something bad, an unhealthy lifestyle that can

lead to health problems and addictions.

Considering Rock in Rio…

conclusions



MAIN CONCLUSIONS…

conclusions


Drug use is higher among partygoers and music festival participants.

Drug use is lower in the general population, even considering the same age group.

Drug use varies according to musical preferences and recreational settings.

Strong link between drug use and leisure among young people.

23

studies available at: www.sicad.ptThank you for your attention


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