Presidents and Foreign Policy
47
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Transcript of Presidents and Foreign Policy
GEORGE GEORGE WASHINGTONWASHINGTON
1789-17971789-1797
FAREWELLFAREWELL
SStay tay AAway from way from FForeign oreign EEntanglementsntanglements
Please remember….
THOMAS THOMAS JEFFERSONJEFFERSON
1801-18091801-1809
Importance of New Importance of New OrleansOrleans
Jefferson’s concernsJefferson’s concerns
Importance of Importance of Mississippi RiverMississippi River
Events in EuropeEvents in Europe
The Purchase – how and The Purchase – how and whowho
Strict Strict Interpretation Interpretation
of the of the ConstitutionConstitution
VS.VS.
Doubling the Doubling the size of the size of the
U.SU.S..
Doubling the Doubling the size of the size of the
U.SU.S..
JAMES MONROEJAMES MONROE
1817-18251817-1825
The Monroe Doctrine 1823The Monroe Doctrine 1823
TEDDY ROOSEVELTTEDDY ROOSEVELT
U.S. as a World PowerU.S. as a World Power
1901-19091901-1909
The Roosevelt CorollaryThe Roosevelt Corollary
ROOSEVELT COROLLARYROOSEVELT COROLLARY
1. An extension of the Monroe Doctrine
2. Justifies U.S. intervention in Latin America
3. U.S. will exercise police powers at the threat of intervention
Enlarged Canal Zone
WOODROW WILSONWOODROW WILSON
President during World War I President during World War I
1913-19211913-1921
THE U.S. ENTERS THE GREAT WARTHE U.S. ENTERS THE GREAT WAR
Wilson asks Congress for a war declaration
WHY?
THE COSTS of WAR
2626 million deaths(½ civilians from
starvation, disease, exposure)
2020 million wounded
1010 million became displaced refugees
1. 1. Territorial lossesTerritorial losses - overseas - overseas territories, and land in Franceterritories, and land in France
2. 2. Military restrictionsMilitary restrictions - limits army, - limits army, forbids navy and air forceforbids navy and air force
3. 3. War guilt clauseWar guilt clause - sole - sole responsibility for war, $33 billion in responsibility for war, $33 billion in war reparationswar reparations
4. 4. League of Nations formedLeague of Nations formed - - Germany, Russia excludedGermany, Russia excluded
THE TREATY of VERSAILLES Punish Germany
JUNE 28, 1919
WILSON’S PEACE PLANWILSON’S PEACE PLAN
“Fourteen Points” - January 1918 “Fourteen Points” - January 1918
No secret alliances/treatiesNo secret alliances/treatiesFreedom of the seasFreedom of the seas
Lower tariffs to foster tradeLower tariffs to foster tradeArms reduction Arms reduction
( to lessen militaristic impulses)( to lessen militaristic impulses)
Self-determination of coloniesSelf-determination of colonies
The Debate of US entry into the The Debate of US entry into the LEAGUE OF NATIONSLEAGUE OF NATIONS
FRANKLIN DELANO FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELTROOSEVELT
President during World War IIPresident during World War II
1933-19451933-1945
CHALLENGES TO NEUTRALITY
1935-19371935-1937 Congress passes 3 Congress passes 3
neutrality actsneutrality acts19411941
88% of Americans still 88% of Americans still oppose US entering the oppose US entering the
warwar1940 1940
Lend LeaseLend Lease
WORLD WAR II – WORLD WAR II – The Rise of DictatorsThe Rise of Dictators
US Neutrality at the start of US Neutrality at the start of the WAR…1939the WAR…1939
““Your boys Your boys are notare not
going togoing to be sent be sent to any to any foreign foreign war”war”FDRFDR
FDR’s war declaration December 7FDR’s war declaration December 7thth 1941 1941
““Big Three” at Yalta. 1945Big Three” at Yalta. 1945
HARRY S TRUMANHARRY S TRUMAN
PPresident at the end World War II resident at the end World War II and start of the Cold Warand start of the Cold War
1945 - 19531945 - 1953
THE TRUMAN DOCTINETHE TRUMAN DOCTINEMarch 12, 1946March 12, 1946
A request for $400 million in aid from Congress to combat communism in
Greece and Turkey.
CONTAINMENT!!CONTAINMENT!!
THE MARSHALL PLANTHE MARSHALL PLAN
A massive aid program to rebuild Europe from the ravages of World War II. Nearly $13 billion in U.S. aid was
sent to Europe from 1948 to 1952.
June 1947June 1947
MacArthur
(Five Star General)
Wants all out war
with China
A-bomb
.
Truman
(President)
Wants a limited war in Asia
VS.VS.
JOHN KENNEDYJOHN KENNEDY
President during the Cold WarPresident during the Cold War
11961-1963961-1963
Foreign Policy:Foreign Policy:
The Cold War The Cold War ContinuesContinues
•Bay of PigsBay of Pigs
•Cuban Missile Cuban Missile CrisisCrisis
•Berlin WallBerlin Wall
Berlin Berlin WallWall
JFKJFK
LYNDON JOHNSONLYNDON JOHNSON
President during VIETNAMPresident during VIETNAM 1969-19741969-1974
“…“…all necessaryall necessary measures measures to repel any to repel any armed armed attack to prevent attack to prevent further further Aggression”Aggression”
RICHARD M. NIXONRICHARD M. NIXON
President during VIETNAMPresident during VIETNAM 1968-19741968-1974
