Presidential Election of 1812 Born in Virginia, 1751 Enlisted in Continental Army but too small...
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Transcript of Presidential Election of 1812 Born in Virginia, 1751 Enlisted in Continental Army but too small...
Presidential Election of 1812
• Born in Virginia, 1751•Enlisted in Continental Army
but too small•Attended Princeton University
and became a lawyer.•Father of the Constitution and
Bill of Rights.•Secretary of State during
Jefferson’s Presidency•President, 1809 to 1817
•Had to deal with Jefferson’s policies after he left office
• Born in Virginia, 1751•Enlisted in Continental Army
but too small•Attended Princeton University
and became a lawyer.•Father of the Constitution and
Bill of Rights.•Secretary of State during
Jefferson’s Presidency•President, 1809 to 1817
•Had to deal with Jefferson’s policies after he left office
madwar
President James Madison
President James Madison
TecumsehTecumseh
Tecumseh (Shawnee warrior) & the Prophet (his brother) formed a union of tribes east of Mississippi to fight white intrusion Supplied by the British led Indian cultural renewal
1809: General William H. Harrison appointed as governor of Indiana Territory by President Jefferson.
President Jefferson at the time instructed Harrison to convince Tecumseh to stop attacking American settlements.
This continued under Madison’s presidency
“Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the
clouds and the great sea, as well as the
earth?
Did not the Great Spirit make them for
the use of his children?”
TecumsehTecumseh
“Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the
clouds and the great sea, as well as the
earth?
Did not the Great Spirit make them for
the use of his children?”
TecumsehTecumseh
Tecumseh vs Harrison
TecumsehTecumseh
“We gave them forest-clad mountains and valleys full of game and in return what did they give our warriors
and our women? Rum, trinkets (jewelry) and death”
“We gave them forest-clad mountains and valleys full of game and in return what did they give our warriors
and our women? Rum, trinkets (jewelry) and death”
Tecumseh reflected bitterly on the white
man’s treatment of his people.
England continued to close ports under French control to foreign shipping
(including the US)
England continued to seize US ships &
impressed Americans.
impressment
France and Great Britain are at France and Great Britain are at warwar
Non-Intercourse ActNon-Intercourse Act1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the 1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all Embargo, which forbade American trade with all
foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or
French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macon’s Bill No. 2.by Macon’s Bill No. 2.
Macon’s Bill No. 2Macon’s Bill No. 21810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but 1810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but
offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly
changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.resumed trade with France, but not Britain.
War Hawks
New members of Congress, John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay want war why Great Britain….Why?
•U.S. must defend its neutrality•Stop impressment (destroying US
Economy)•British forts still on US soil
•Tecumseh (arming of Native Americans)
•Desire for Canada •Considered British as disrespectful
War Hawks
New members of Congress, John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay want war why Great Britain….Why?
•U.S. must defend its neutrality•Stop impressment (destroying US
Economy)•British forts still on US soil
•Tecumseh (arming of Native Americans)
•Desire for Canada •Considered British as disrespectful
madwar
Henry ClayKentucky
Henry ClayKentucky
John C. CalhounSouth Carolina
John C. CalhounSouth Carolina
• New England states (many were Federalists)
did not want the war
• The War Hawks successfully convinced
Congress to fight British
• Congress was not aware that London repealed
impressment policy two days prior to declaration
of war
United States vs. Britain
Map war1812
•US unprepared for war but fought
valiantly•Failed invasion into
Canada.•British blockade
hurt US economy…
Washington, D.C. burned by British, 25th of August 1814 Washington, D.C. burned by British, 25th of August 1814
highlights
Dolly Madison escaped from White House and
took many pieces of art, furniture from the White House before the
British destroyed it.
Dolly Madison escaped from White House and
took many pieces of art, furniture from the White House before the
British destroyed it.
The Battle of Thames River, Oct. 5, 1813
The Battle of Thames River, Oct. 5, 1813
US military victory led by General William H. Harrison Tecumseh was killed during this battle
The Battle of Lake Erie was probably the most important naval battle of the war
US Naval tradition develops during the War of 1812
U.S. Flag which flew over Fort McHenry to inspire Francis Scott Key to write the Star
Spangled Banner. September 13th, 1814
U.S. Flag which flew over Fort McHenry to inspire Francis Scott Key to write the Star
Spangled Banner. September 13th, 1814
highlights
Battle of Fort Battle of Fort McHenry,McHenry,
18141814
Battle of Fort Battle of Fort McHenry,McHenry,
18141814
Oh Say Can You SeeOh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light…By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- -- Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key
Oh Say Can You SeeOh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light…By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- -- Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key
•10,000 British troops reached the mouth of the Mississippi 10,000 British troops reached the mouth of the Mississippi River and were threatening the Louisiana Purchase.River and were threatening the Louisiana Purchase.
•4,500 U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson, the British were 4,500 U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson, the British were defeated on January 8, 1815defeated on January 8, 1815
•10,000 British troops reached the mouth of the Mississippi 10,000 British troops reached the mouth of the Mississippi River and were threatening the Louisiana Purchase.River and were threatening the Louisiana Purchase.
•4,500 U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson, the British were 4,500 U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson, the British were defeated on January 8, 1815defeated on January 8, 1815
New orleans
•Considered greatest U.S. victory to that
time•Defeated British’s best without help from any country•US gains respect after this battle.•Kept Louisiana
Purchase under the control of the U.S.
•Considered greatest U.S. victory to that
time•Defeated British’s best without help from any country•US gains respect after this battle.•Kept Louisiana
Purchase under the control of the U.S.
New orleans
The Treaty of Ghent The Treaty of Ghent War of 1812 is considered a
“stalemate”…Dec. 1814 Results:
A halt to the fighting The return of all conquered
territory to the prewar borders
Recognition of the prewar boundary between Canada and the United States
Radical New England Federalists met to discuss their grievances & find solutions to their problems:
•U.S. Govt. fighting an unnecessary war against the wrong enemy
•New Englanders continued to trade with the British during the war
•Talked of secession •When people found out what the Federalists were planning,
they became extremely unpopular
The War’s Legacy The War’s Legacy U.S. gained the respect of other nations
U.S. came to accept Canada as a neighbor and a part of the British Empire
The Federalist party came to an end as a national force Talk of nullification and secession in New England set a
precedent that would later be used by the South Gained US neutrality and became isolated from Europe
Native Americans in the West were forced to surrender large areas of land and move west.
More U.S. factories were built War heroes such as Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison
would eventually become Presidents. Growth of American nationalism
Respect from the Europeans
The War of 1812 won new respect for America among many British. Michael Scott, a young lieutenant in the British navy wrote,
“I don’t like Americans; I never did, and never shall like them…..I have no wish to eat
with them, drink with them, deal with, or consort with them in any way; but let me tell
the whole truth, nor fight with them, were it not for the laurels to be acquired, by overcoming an enemy so brave, determined and alert, and in every way so worthy on one’s steel, as they
have always proved”.