Presents Gender Differences— at Work and Home Arlene R. Taylor PhD Brain References.
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Transcript of Presents Gender Differences— at Work and Home Arlene R. Taylor PhD Brain References.
Presents
Gender Differences—at Work and Home
Arlene R. Taylor PhDwww.arlenetaylor.org Brain References
Default Setting Arlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Without a conversion process, the brain’sdefault position will result in an
empathizing brain that sprouts more connections in communication
centers and in areas that process emotion
All fetal brains start out looking very similar
Conversion Process Arlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Time-lapse photography has shownthat brain circuits began changingabout 6-8 weeks into gestation in somebrains The changes are triggered based on chromosome patterns and available hormones such as testosterone and estrogens
XX Chromosome PatternArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Developing ovaries alter levels of circulating sex hormones (especially estrogen and testosterone)
The result is an empathizing brainthat has specific structural andfunctional characteristics
XY Chromosome PatternArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Developing testicles alter the amount of circulating sex hormones (especially testosterone)
This triggers a chemical bath thatbegins a conversion process
The result is a systemizing brainthat has specific structural andfunctional characteristics
Conversion ProcessArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
The chemical bath triggerschanges in the developing brain
Brain turns a lavender color temporarily
Maturation of Left hemisphere slows
Development of Right hemisphere flourishes
Structure of the inner ear is changed
Impact, Cont’dArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Size of 9 of 12 identified areas is increased
Cell #s in communications centers decrease
Cell#s in sex and aggression centers increase
Size and structure of anterior commissure and corpus callosum (bridges) are modified (fewer connecting pathways of with smaller diameter nerve axons)
VariationsArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
When everything goes according to schedule, the brain develops and templates as expected by society and culture
Either a primarily Empathizing or a primarily Systemizing brain
Templating variations do occur
Variations, Cont’dArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Some brains template as half empathizing - half systemizing
Some brains fail to match the body’s external genitalia
Note: There are more opportunities for variations in systemizing brains since theconversion process is so complicated
Brain Differences Arlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Female Brains
At birth the L.hemisphere ismore developed
Corrected for body size: brain is smaller yet contains same # of neurons
Male Brains
At birth the R. hemisphere is more developed
In adulthood: brain is 9% larger and 10% heavier
Brain Differences Arlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Female
Three of twelveareas are larger (e.g., languagecomprehensionand perception of emotion)
Speaks 50,000 words a day
Male
Nine of twelvebrain areas are larger (e.g., the significance of size, if any, is unclear)
Speaks 25,000 words a day
Brain Development Arlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Myelination of the corpus callosum may be complete by age 20 or 21
Development of the pre-frontal cortex may be complete by mid-twenties
Male brains tend to require an additional 1.6 years for completion (have a set of binoculars in their eyes and can usually see farther)
Blood Flow to BrainArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Female
15%-20% higherblood flow to brain
Risk for an occlusive stroke (blood clot)
Risk for a (bleed) hemorrhagic stroke
Male
Lower blood flow
Risk for blood clot
Risk for bleed
Risk for long-termdisability post head injury (wear a helmet!)
Male Brains
A smaller anterior commissure, and likely a smaller corpus callosum
connections provide for a more lateralized styleof processing
Female Brains
A larger anterior commissure, andoften a larger corpus callosum
connections provide for a more generalized style of processing
Connection DifferencesArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Connections, Cont’dArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Female Brain If any part is “on,” it’s all on – requires more energy to run second for secondbut has enhancedsense of intuitive knowing
Risk for dyslexia, hyperactivity
Male Brain
One section can be working while another is “idling” – requires less energy to run
risk for conditions related to reduced hemisphericconnection (e.g., dyslexia, hyperactivity)
Task Style Arlene Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Female Brains
Rarely completeone task beforestarting another
Tend to try tomulti-task: perform rapidly alternating shiftsof attention
Male Brains
Prefer to complete one task at a time
Can simul-task: dotwo different cognitivetasks simultaneouslyas long as each usesfunctions from a different hemisphere
The BrainArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Is the first body systemto recognize a stressor
It reacts with split-second timing
It can stimulate the stress response for up to 72 hours after a traumatic event—real or imagined—longer, if you keep rehearsing the event
Female BrainArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
The alarm system is more sensitive to CRF and stress
Lack of receptor internalization in the female brain could translate into impaired ability to cope with high levels of CRF — as occurs in depression and PTSD
Even in the absence of any stress, the female stress signaling system is more sensitive from the start Debra Bangasser PhD
Effective Stress ManagementArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Is critical for females as they are twice as vulnerable as malesto many stress-related disorders
Studies reported in MolecularPsychiatry: In response to a stressor, Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF), both a hormone and a neurotransmitter, binds to receptors on cells in the locus ceruleus, an alarm center deep in the brainstem
Female Brain – StressArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
When the going gets tough in a locus ceruleus neuron, the female brain acts macho In response to a stressor, receptors for the stress hormone CRF remained exposed on the cell surface in the female rat, taking the full hit — this increased CRF binding heightened the brain's stress reactivity
Male Brain - StressArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
In the stressed male rat, internal proteins called arrestins (green), pulledsome of the receptors(docking stations) into the cell's interior, where they couldn't bind with CRF
This adaptation, unique to the male brain, toned-down the neuron's stress sensitivity
Blue receptors and binding to CRF – help
the brain’s stress reactivity
Green arrestin proteins help CRF receptors retreat
inside the cell – and stress reactivity
(http://www.nimh.nih.gov/science-news/2010/stress-hormone-receptors-less-adaptive-in-female-brain.shtml?WT.mc_id=twitter&sms_ss=email)
Female Brain
More experience oriented
Keeps general score,may expect paybackin a differing type of trade
Male Brain
More goal oriented
Keeps careful / more detailed score, tendsto pay back in similartype of trade basedon the score
Goal vs ExperienceArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Female Brain
Resembles a storage trunk
Bumps into manythings when lookingfor something (thinking)
Tends to integrate,stew, and compound
Male Brain
Resembles a chest of drawers
May shut a drawerand never open itunless prompted
Tends to segment, separate, andcompartmentalize
Trunk-Cabinet MetaphorArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Female Brains Male Brains
Processing StyleArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
It takes on average about 12-15 minutes of processing time to arrive at a conclusion –for female as well as male brains
The most efficient way of processing differs
Female Brains
Processesinformation mostefficiently verballyand aloud
Arrive at a conclusion during the processof verbalization
Male Brains
Processes information mostefficiently silentlyand internally
Arrive at aconclusion silentlyand then will state it
Processing StyleArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Female Brains
Brain processesout loud
“I only know what I’m thinking when Ihear myself sayit out loud.”
Male Brains
Brain processessilently
“I’m thinking. WhenI’ve reached a conclusion, you’llbe the first to know.”
Different StylesArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Female Brains
Wait for the male brain to finish internal processingbefore pushing fora conclusion—or you may get a half-baked conclusion
Male Brains
Recognize that thefemale brain comesto a conclusion byverbalizing aloud—avoid assumingthat the first thingshe says is her conclusion
RememberArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Female Brains
May want onlyempathy and alistener ratherthan help with asolution
Need to state upfront whichone is wanted
Male Brains
Usually want to fix a perceived problemor come up with a workable solution
May expend energyneedlessly if theymisunderstand whatis wanted . . .
Empathy or Solution?Arlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Gender DifferencesArlene R. Taylor PhD Realizations Inc
Gender differences are here to stay –foundational
You can either understand themand have fun with them or be miserable and frustrated
The End