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Transcript of Presented by: Rhonda Anderson, RHIA, President Anderson Health Information Systems, Inc.
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ICD-9-CM Coding for Post Acute Care
Presented by:
Rhonda Anderson, RHIA, President
Anderson Health Information Systems, Inc.
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Objectives
Participants will : Correctly assign ICD-9-CM codes to diagnoses Correctly identify primary / Secondary
diagnoses Identify correct sequence of diagnoses for
coding assignment Identify difference between ICD-9-CM and ICD-
10 Learn ICD-10 transition timeline
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Purpose of ICD-9-CM Coding Gather statistical dataReporting diagnoses and provides a
method for sequencing diagnosis to support billing transactions / reimbursement
Ensure compliance with Federal Reporting Standards for diagnoses
Provide insight into the types of residents and conditions
Health Research
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ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting
HIPAA www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd.htmLatest revision October 1, 2011
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Post Acute Care
Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) Inpatient Rehab Facility (IRF) Home Health Agency (HHA) Long Term Acute Care Hospital
(LTACH)
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ICD-9-CM Coding book
Disease and Procedures (Books 1-3)Alphabetical/Tabular (numeric) Index
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Assigning Code Numbers
Both the Alphabetic Index and the Tabular List must be used when locating and assigning a code.
Do not rely on just one since this can lead to errors in code assignment and a less specific code selection
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How to Select Codes
Locate each main term and sub term in the alphabetical index, i.e., Chronic Kidney Disease 1. Disease 2. Kidney 3. Chronic
Verify the code selected in the Tabular list
Read and be guided by instructional notations that appear in both the Alphabetic Index and the Tabular List
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Code to the Highest Level of Specificity
Assign 3 digit codes only if there are no four digit codes within the category. There are only 100 codes with only 3
digitsAssign 4 digit codes only if there is
no fifth digit.Assign 5 digit codes when indicated.Samples – 486, 401.x, 250.xx
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Types of Codes used in post acute care Settings
Aftercare – used when the initial treatment of a disease or injury has been performed and the patients still requires continued care to heal or recover. Categories V51-V58
Late Effects – a late effect is a residual condition that remains and requires medical evaluation, rehab treatments and/or nursing care after the initial illness or injury.
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Types of Codes -2
Chronic Conditions – Conditions that are stable but still require management or treatment.
Acute Conditions –acute care codes should only be reported until the condition is resolved.
Therapy – Physical, occupational, speech and respiratory therapy.
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Types of Codes -3
History of – (Hx) – history codes are acceptable on any Medical record regardless of reason for admission/encounter.
A history code is distinct from a “status” code in that history codes indicate that the patient no longer has the condition and “status” codes indicated a present state.
There are two types of history V-codes, personal and family.
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Examples
Status post upper arm fracture V54.11
History of frequent falls V15.88
Admission for physical therapy following hip fracture
V57.1 , V54.13
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Practice #1 (cont.)
Hemiplegia due to recent CVA
Total Hip Replacement
Acute UTI treated with Cipro.
Dementia
Late Effect
After Care
Acute Condition
Chronic Condition
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What to code?
ALL CONDITIONS THAT EXIST AT THE TIME OF ADMISSION, THAT EFFECT
TREATMENT RECEIVED
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Do NOT Code
DIAGNOSES THAT DO NOT AFFECT TREATMENT OR LENGTH OF STAY
WHEN CONDITION NO LONGER EXISTS
DO NOT ASSIGN PROCEDURE CODES Examples: Fractured forearm 6 years ago,
pneumonia, UTI that were resolved (these will only be coded if the Resident is admitted with Antibiotics)
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Definition of Principal Diagnosis “FIRST LISTED DIAGNOSES” is the diagnosis
that is chiefly responsible for the admission to the facility and the diagnosis that supports the reimbursement and should be sequenced first.”
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Locating Diagnoses
Transfer RecordsHistory & PhysicalProgress NotesAdmission Orders
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Additional Sources of Information
Discharge summary Transfer documentation, Surgical reportsConsultations Physician Progress notes Lab reports and radiological studies
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Locating Principal Diagnosis
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Principal Diagnosis
When two or more inter-related conditions potentially meet the definition of principal diagnosis Either may be sequenced first unless
therapy is being provided, the Tabular list or Alphabetic Index indicate otherwise.
Inter-related conditions – two or more diagnosis that equally meet the definition of principal diagnosis.
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Example
Resident admitted with Pneumonia and UTI – either can be used as the principal diagnosis if the resident is still receiving antibiotic therapy
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Choose the Principal Diagnosis
Fall 3 months agoChronic kidney disease Above the knee amputation Rt. Leg
(10 days ago) with infection still on antibiotics
Anemia
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Non-Specific Codes
NEC – Not Elsewhere ClassifiedNOS – Not Otherwise SpecifiedCodes are used only when neither
the diagnostic statement nor a thorough review of the clinical record provides adequate information to permit assignment of a more specific code
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Inclusion Terms
The coder must review the titles and inclusions under the three or four digit category to determine if the diagnosis is included in the category; however, the specific diagnosis may not always be listed
Example: Spinal Cord Inflammation 323.9
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Combination Codes
Single codes used to classify two diagnosis or a diagnosis with a manifestation
Example: Candidiasis with meningitis 112.83
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Combination Codes
Etiology codes – USE ADDITIONAL CODE
Manifestation codes – CODE 1st Underlying Dx.
Codes in parentheses identify conditions that require multiple coding. Also, codes in parentheses CAN NOT be sequenced as PRINCIPAL Dx.
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Multiple Coding
Instructions for conditions that require multiple coding can appear in the Tabular List. “Code also underlying disease”, “Use
additional code, if desired, to identify manifestation, as …” “Code also” instructs the coder to:▪ Code the underlying disease, or etiology first as the
primary diagnosis, followed by the code (s) for manifestation (s).
▪ It is mandatory to follow the “code also” instructions to assign both codes.
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Combination Codes
Anosmia following CVA 438.6, 781.1
“with”, “with mention of”, or “associated with” – this code can only be used if both conditions are present
Kidney Infection …..590.9 with Calculus 592.0
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Slanted Brackets [ ]
Indicate proper sequencing for the two codes listed. The code number before the bracket
is coded first. The code number inside the brackets
is coded second.Codes in brackets in the alphabetic
index can NEVER be sequenced as the principal diagnosis.
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EXAMPLES
1.Arthritis, arthritic --- due to or associated with hypothyroidism
244.9 [713.0]
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Multiple Coding
Examples: Aftercare following kidney transplant V58.44 (aftercare involving organ transplant), V42.0 (Organ/tissue replacement by transplant ,
kidney)
Aftercare following arteriocoronary bypass V58.73 (aftercare following surgery of the
circulatory system), V45.81(aortocoronary bypass status)
use aftercare codes to provide better detail
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Sequencing Multiple Codes
“Using Additional Codes” When the instructions say “Use
additional code….” the additional code is sequences second.
Example UTI due to E.coli
599.0[041.4]
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“Exclusions”
Let’s have a look: See 429 section Under Cardiovascular Disease,
Unspecified ▪ Excludes: That due to hypertension
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Diagnosis Sequencing
The order in which codes are listed is called sequencing. The coder should make every effort to record the codes in a logical sequence that is descriptive of the resident’s condition.
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Acute Diagnoses
Acute dx treated in the hospital should be coded until the condition is resolved, after the resident is transferred to the SNF
Examples: MRSA Pneumonia UTI
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Secondary Diagnoses
May have multiple secondary codes List and code conditions related to
therapy and services provided Review and update as condition changes
– sequence may change over time Billing staff should work with Nursing
and Health Information Department to know which diagnoses are current, which is principal, etc.
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Secondary Diagnoses
Order by complexity. Assign the condition with the higher
complexity first. (those that require the most resources i.e. wound care vs. hypertension)
All conditions present at the time of admission, and that affect the treatment provided and length of stay should be coded.
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Late Effects
Residual condition After initial / acute phase of illness
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438 Late Effects of CVA
Official coding guidelines state that Category 438 is used for admission and encounter for post acute care following treatment of the CVA in the acute hospital
Codes from categories 430 to 436 are reserved for the “initial” (first) episode of care for an acute CVA that was provided in the qualifying hospital stay and should not be used in SNF
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Let’s Practice
Which of the following is a late effect?
a. End stage renal disease b. Anosmia following recent CVA c. Diabetic retinopathy d. Paraplegia due to polio
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Let’s Code
Left hemiplegia secondary to CVA (patient is right handed)
Late Effects Cerebrovascular disease With hemiplegia – nondominant side
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Infections
Codes from categories 041 or 079 can be used as principal diagnosis as long as the nature or site of the infection is not specified or when the Alphabetical index instructs you to do so.
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Code it
• Gastroenteritis due to E.coli• 008.00
• MRSA infection of Lt. toe • 041.12
• Herpetic septicimia • 054.5
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Neoplasms
Go to alphabetic index Look up Ex: fibroma, upper jaw Find “fibroma” Cross reference “see neoplasm, by site,
benign” Turn to neoplasm locate sub term “Jaw / upper” Follow across to Benign Locate code 213.0 Go to Tabular list for any coding
instructions or notes*
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Neoplasms of Uncertain Behavior
Only used when stated as such in Alpha Index
Unspecified Behavior – Only used when Neoplasm is not fully
described Or not specified as to behavior Or listed in Alphabetic index
Ex: Neoplastic Cyst of Tongue Cross reference Alpha Index Under Cyst, neoplastic
see neoplasm, by site, unspecified nature
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Neoplasms with Metastasis
Two codes One for primary (original site) One for each secondary site
Code primary before secondary Except when using “V” code for primary
site that has been surgically removed
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Neoplasms with Metastasis Determine the primary siteTurn to Neoplasms TableEx: Carcinoma of Rectum (154.1)Find Neoplasm, rectum, malignant,
primary
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Neoplasms with MetastasisEx: Secondary malignant neoplasm
of prostate (198.82)Find Neoplasm, prostate, malignant,
secondary Determine the site(s) of metastasis
Turn to Neoplasm tableFind correct sub term(s) for siteCross over to Malignant and column
secondary
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Unknown secondary sites
Ex: Cancer of Lower lobe of lung with metastases (162.5, 199.0)
Code primary site firstTo code the unknown secondary site
Refer to Neoplasm table Multiple sites NEC Cross over to column for code (199.0)
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Unknown Primary Site
• Refer to neoplasm table • Unknown or Unspecified site• Cross over to primary column 199.1• Sequence after secondary site(s)• Ex: abdominal metastasis from
unknown origin (198.89, 199.1)• Unknown primary would not be used
as principle diagnosis in SNF • The metastatic site is coded first
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“V” Codes for Cancer
• Primary site must still be identified if removed, eradicated no longer under treatment
• Use a personal history V-code, History, site, malignant neoplasm
• Identify primary site responsible for metastasis but no longer present
• Secondary site code is sequenced first and then the V-code
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“V” Codes for Cancer
Do not use codes from category V10 for secondary metastatic sites removed or not
ICD-9-CM does not provide code numbers for “history of secondary neoplasm site
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V58.42 Neoplasm
Official coding guidelines for neoplasm apply when using the aftercare following surgery for neoplasm V58.42
Aftercare code V58.42 may be used with either the current neoplasm code or a code from category V10, whichever is applicable
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Code It
• History of breast cancer with metastasis to the lung
• 197.0, V10.3
• Carcinoma of prostate with metastasis to spine
• 185, 198.5
• Basal cell carcinoma of chest • 173.5
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Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases and immunity disorders
Examples:
HypothyroidismDiabetes Metabolic disorders Obesity
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Code It
Hypothyroidism due to history of thyroid cancer (thyroid removed)
244.0, V10.87Uncontrolled, Type II Diabetes 250.01
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Manifestations Codes
There are written instructions in ICD-9-CM coding books for sequencing codes.
The underlying Dx (cause/s) coded first, followed by codes for manifestations.
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Combination Codes
Some Diabetic Conditions Require 2 Codes “Diabetic” or “Due to”▪ One Code for Cause▪ One Code for Complication
Always sequence cause before complication
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Combination Codes
Example: Diabetic foot ulcer▪ Diabetes with other manifestation▪ 250.8x
▪ Ulcer of lower limb, except decubitus▪ 707.1x
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Manifestation Codes
Diabetic Neuropathy Diabetes with neurological manifestations
must be coded first (250.60) The tabular list will guide you to “Use
additional code to identify manifestation, as:”
Polyneuropathy in diabetes (357.2) The tabular section will tell you that this
code is not allowed as a principal Dx and will guide you to code underlying disease, as (Diabetes with complication…)
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Let’s Code
1. ALZHEIMER’S DEMENTIA 331.0, 294.10
2. DIABETIC GLAUCOMA 250.50, 365.9
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Chronic Illnesses
Chronic illnesses that are managed with medication or treatments, such as hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, assign the appropriate ICD 9 code
The chronic condition exists, but is under control by medication
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Myocardial Infarction
A code from category 410.XX must be assigned if the admission is strictly for rehabilitation within eight weeks of the acute MI.
The fifth digit 2 would be used in LTC to designate observation, treatment or evaluation of MI within eight weeks of onset, following the acute phase or in the healing state.
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Myocardial Infarction
The fifth digit “1” should be used if the acute myocardial infarction occurred at the nursing facility and was the reason for transfer to the hospital or the cause of death.
If the admission takes place after eight weeks assign code (412) Old Myocardial Infarction
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Hypertension
Unless the diagnosis statement specifies as “benign” or “Malignant”
“unspecified” code (401.9) must be assigned
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Heart Conditions Due to Hypertension
When there is a causal relationship stated as “hypertensive” or “due to hypertension” heart conditions are assigned by Category 402 Hypertensive Heart Disease
Arteriosclerotic disease due to hypertension 402.90
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Circulatory System
Let’s Code 1. Chronic hypertensive kidney
disease 2. 403.9, 585.93. Deep vein thrombosis patient on
Coumadin 4. 453.40, V58.61
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Respiratory System
Let’s Code
Aspiration Pneumonia 507.0
Chronic bronchitis with emphysema 491.20
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Skin Ulcers
• Clarification of clinical terms related to skin ulcers www.cms.hhs.gov/manuals/pm trans/r4som.pdf
• Pressure Ulcer is a synonym for decubitus ulcer – due to prolonged pressure
• Subcategory 707.0x has fifth digits to identify site
2009- New- additional code must be used to identify stage
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Skin Ulcers of Lower Limbs
Non pressure ulcers of lower legFifth digits to identify siteMultiple coding, code first the
underlying dx, such as arteriosclerosis, diabetes, venous hypertension i.e. diabetic ulcer of left fifth toe 250.80,
707.15
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Stasis Ulcers
The most common type of vascular ulcers In Alphabetical index under “ulcer” , the
index lists “venous” as a non-essential modifier under the sub term “stasis” that refers to code 459.81.
Under section 459.81 in the Tabular List you will be instructed to code any associated ulceration from category 707.0-707.9
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Wounds
Category 870-897 Codes for wounds are not to be used for normal, healing surgical wounds or to identify complications of surgical wounds
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V- Codes
Per ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting, aftercare codes are generally first to explain the specific reason for the encounter (admission)
Certain aftercare code categories need a secondary dx code to describe the resolving condition or sequela
For others (V codes) the condition is inherent in code title
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Coding Clinic Fourth Quarter 1999
Published rules for the use of V codes
Addressed the use of V codes in LTC settings
Coding clinic Fourth Quarter 2003Clarified the use of aftercare V codes
for all subsequent encounters after the initial treatment for a fracture
“for statistical purposes, a facture should only be reported once”
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V- Codes -2
V-codes are assigned to problems that affect the patient’s health but are not in themselves a current illness or injury
V-codes can be used to represent status or history.
Examples: Status Cardiac Pacemaker V45.01 Status heart valve prosthesis V43.3 History of falls V15.88 History of alcoholism V11.3▪ Remember not to use acute care codes when
coding aftercare
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To “V” or not to “V”Scenario # 1
A resident is admitted for physical therapy following a hip replacement for an inter-trochanteric right hip fracture due to a fall.
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To ‘V’ or Not to ‘V’: Scenario #1
Physical therapy:▪ V57.1 Physical Therapy
Intertrochantic right hip fracture due to a fall:▪ V54.13 Aftercare following traumatic hip fracture
Hip replacement:▪ V54.81 Aftercare following joint replacement▪ V43.64 Joint replacement, hip
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To ‘V’ or Not to ‘V’: Scenario #2
A resident is admitted for P.T. & O.T.following a hip fracture after a fall.The physician indicated that the fracture was due to osteoporosis. The Discharge Summary stated that old compression fractures of the vertebrae due to osteoporosis were present on x-ray.
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To ‘V’ or Not to ‘V’: Scenario #2
Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy▪ V57.89 Multiple therapies
Hip Fracture (due to osteoporosis)▪ V54.23 Aftercare for continuing treatment of
healing pathologic fracture of hipOsteoporosis
▪ 733.00 OsteoporosisCompression fractures of vertebrae
▪ 733.13 Pathologic fractures of vertebrae
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Let’s Practice
Admitted for physical therapy, status post total knee replacement due to arthritis
1) Admission – rehabilitation – physical
2 ) Aftercare – following surgery for – joint replacement 3) Replacement – joint – Knee
V57.1, V54.81 , V43.65
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Post hysterectomy for uterine cancer three years ago (no further treatment)
History – personal – malignant neoplasm – uterus
V10.42
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Select the correct Code Fracture of upper arm due to fall,
resident wearing a sling, admitted for ADL assistance.
V54.11 812.20 (NO)
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V54.1 Aftercare for healing traumatic fracture
For residents admitted to a SNF for care following treatment in the acute hospital for a traumatic fx use the aftercare codes from Subcategory V54.1
Do not code the (acute) fractureCoding Guidelines require an
aftercare code be used after the initial encounter for care of a fx.
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V54.1 Aftercare for healing traumatic fracture
For statistical purposes, a fracture should only be coded once. If the same fx is coded for all encounters, it makes collection of fracture statistics difficult
The V54.1 identifies the site of the fracture and that it is in the healing phases
Aftercare for Fractures; Pathologic and Traumatic
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V54.1 Aftercare for healing traumatic fracture
The fifth digits identify the specific site of the healing fracture
The fifth digit 9 is used for other specified sites
If there are several bones that would be classified to the other specified site, only one code is used
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V54.1 Aftercare for healing traumatic fracture
DO NOT code V58.43 Aftercare following surgery for injury and trauma (conditions classifiable to 800-999) Exclusion note states “Excludes: aftercare for healing traumatic fracture”
Remember to always refer to the tabular list and carefully read the instructions and exclusions.
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Aftercare for healing Pathological fracture
Pathological fracture is a fracture in a bone due to weakening of the bone structure by disease process such as osteoporosis.
For admissions in LTC following a hospital stay for treatment of a pathological fracture assign a code from Subcategory V54.2 Aftercare for healing pathologic fracture
A compression fracture of the vertebrae is considered pathologic if it is not caused by trauma
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Hx of Fracture
V13.51 personal hx of healed pathologic fx
V13.52 personal hx of healed stress fx
V15.51 personal hx of healed traumatic fx
Note added to subcategory 733.0-use add’l code to identify personal hx of pathologic (healed) fx (V13.51)
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V54.81 Joint replacement
Joint replacement of knee for osteoarthritis (V58.78), V54.81, V43.65
Do not code the disease condition that was treated with the surgery
2008 will have a change in the tabular list for V58.78 that will exclude it when there is orthopedic aftercare; codes from section V54.01-V54.9 will be used.
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Joint Replacement for Fx
Use multiple coding to fully describe the resident’s condition
FX hip (traumatic) with joint replacement V54.13, V54.81, V43.64
Do not use V58.43 Aftercare following surgery for injury and trauma-(not for fx)
(conditions classifiable to 800-999) see excludes note: (V54.10-V54.19)
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V57 Care Involving Rehab
Category V57 does not indicate that rehab services were provided, only that the resident was admitted for this purpose
Use only one code from Category V57 for an admission
If the resident is admitted for multiple therapies, use V57.89
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V57 Care Involving Rehab
Code also the condition requiring the rehab, such as: Residuals Late effects Aftercare symptoms
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V58 Aftercare Following Surgery The acute dx for which the surgery
was preformed is not reported for aftercare encounters or admissions
Use other aftercare or symptom codes to provide better detail
Note the instructions with each code that identifies the range of conditions that are included in the aftercare code number i.e. aftercare post cataract extraction
with lens implant: V58.71, V45.61, V43.1
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2011 ICD-9-CM UPDATES
Implementation date of new, revised and invalid codes October 1, 201
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Chart # 1
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Chart # 2
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Important Points
Provide a roadmap back to the qualifying stay
Paint a clear picture of your patient
Pay attention to details
Go beyond the code and communicate through documentation
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Questions and Answers
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Thanks for attending