Presented by: Patricia Adams, Ronda Mott, Amy Lewis, Kyle (Kurt) Freund & Beth Hesselink
-
Upload
eaton-guzman -
Category
Documents
-
view
58 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Presented by: Patricia Adams, Ronda Mott, Amy Lewis, Kyle (Kurt) Freund & Beth Hesselink
Presented by:Patricia Adams, Ronda Mott, Amy Lewis, Kyle (Kurt) Freund & Beth Hesselink
Cholesterol
Introduction
CholesterolDietary and exercise habits Risk factors
● Genetic ● Modifiable
What is Cholesterol?
HDL (Good), LDL (Bad) & Triglycerides
Total Cholesterol: < 170 LDL: < 70, < 100 if no CADHDL: >60 (women) >50 (men)Triglycerides: <150
The Numbers
http://www.nano.org.uk/news/jan2009/1743.gif
Where is Cholesterol Produced?
http://wbblog.wautier.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Happy-People-Big-Stock.jpg
Synthesis of Hormones!!!Behavior & Mood Swings
Bile Salts
Needed for Survival
Anti-inflammatory
Vitamin D
AgeGenderDiabetesDietObesityPhysical InactivityHereditary
Risks of High Cholesterol
Dietary Cholesterol Sourcesearhttp://www.healthyandbeauty-blog.com/tag/good-cholesterol/
America's Cholesterol Burden
• 71 million high LDL, “bad,” cholesterola. 1 out of every 3 has the condition
under controlb.Less than half get treatment
• High total cholesterol = 2x risk of heart disease
http://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/facts.htm
Levels Vary by Ethnicity
Race or Ethnic GroupMen (%)
Women (%)
All32.5%31.0%
Non-Hispanic Blacks34.4%27.7%
Mexican Americans41.9%31.6%
Non-Hispanic Whites30.5%32.0%
CDC. Vital signs: prevalence, treatment, and control of high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. United States, 1999–2002 and 2005–2008. MMWR. 2011;60(4):109–14.
Environmental Risks Factors Effecting Cholesterol
Air PollutionSeasonal Changes
Second Hand Smoke (Passive Smoking)
www.zmescience.com/ecology/environmental
Air Pollution
The effects of air pollution may extend to more than your lungs
Ultrafine particles in polluted air and LDL or “bad” cholesterol may work together to accelerate the narrowing and blockage of blood vessels
www.libraryjunction.net/wikilitem/environmental-pollution
www
Tips for Risk Reduction
Check the Environmental
Protection Agency’s Daily
Air Quality
Advocate for better air
Avoid exercise near heavy traffic
areas
wwww.handyelectrician.com/blog/protect-your-health
Seasonal Changes
Cholesterol levels were highest during the winter months and the lowest during the summer months
Men’s total cholesterol levels being the highest in December
Women’s total cholesterol levels being the highest in January
ww.dreamstime.comww.dreamstime.com
www.dreamstime.com
Second Hand Tobacco SmokePassive Smoking
Affects the cardiovascular systemIncreases risk of cardiac disease
Makes platelets stickierCauses inflammationReduces HDL cholesterol levelsIncreases LDL cholesterol levelsIncreases insulin resistance
h
www.smokernewsworld.com/know-facts-smoking
e
Health Belief Model: CholesterolCues to Action
• Family History of HTN, CAD, Stroke, or MI
• Television Advertisement
• Physician referral
Perceived Susceptibility● Cholesterol levels● Age● Gender● Poor diet● Lack of exercise
Perceived Seriousness/Severity● Consequences of Hyperlipidemia● Stroke, MI, CVA● Diabetes● CAD
Modifying Factors● Diet● Weight● Exercise● Knowledge of cholesterol
Perceived Barriers● Compliance of diet and medication use● Sedentary Lifestyle● Education about cholesterol● Money
Perceived Benefits● Low cholesterol levels on
cardiac health● Physical activity ● Healthy BMI and weight
Pender, Murdaugh, & Parsons, 2010, p.39
CHOLESTEROL
Healthy People 2020
Goal
Reduce the proportion of adults with high total cholesterol levels
• Current: 15% Cholesterol >240 mg/dl
• Goal: 13.5%
Goal
Reduce the mean total blood cholesterol levels among adults
• Current: 197.7 mg/dl
• Goal: 177.9 mg/dl
How Will This Happen?
• Education and cholesterol screening
• School Lunch Changes
• Fast Food
• Social and physical environment improvement
• Smoking bans
You Can Make Changes too!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOPy1f9-L38
Conclusion
• Sources: liver production & dietary intake
• Essential for life although elevated levels increase the risk of health problems such as cardiovascular disease
• Ethnicity, genetics, environment and behavior contribute to cholesterol levels
• The Health Belief Model identifies it as a modifiable disease subject to individual motivation to change
• Nationwide health crisis
ReferencesAraujo, J. A., Barajas, M., Keinmann, X., Wang, B. J., Bennett, K. W., Gong,
M.,...Harkema, C. (2008). Ambient particulate pollutants in the ultrafine range
promote early atherosclerosis and systemic oxidative stress. Circulation, 102(5),
589-96.
Barnoya, J., & Glantz, S. (2008). Cardiovascular effects of secondhand smoke. Circulation, 111, 2684-98. Retrieved from http://www.circ.ahajournals.org
CDC (2011). Vital signs: Prevalence, treatment, and control of high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. MMWR, 60(4), 109-14.
Clark, R. (2008, November). The cholesterol - heart disease scam: How the medical-industrial complex is raking in billions at our expense. Retrieved from http://www.opednews.com/articles/The-cholesterol--heart-di-by- Richard-Clark-081121-736.html
DeGuzman, P. B., & Kulbok, P. A. (2012). Changing health outcomes of vulnerable populations through nursing's influence on neighborhood built environment: A framework for nursing research. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 44(4), 341-348.
Iganatavicius, D. D., & Workman, M. L. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient centered collaborative care (6th ed., pp. 850-1033). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier. Kavitha, I. S. (n.d.). Are you afraid of cholesterol? Retrieved from http://www.infovalleyart.blogspot.com/2012/09/are-you-afraid-of- cholesterol.html
Ockene, I. S. (2004). Seasonal variation in serum cholesterol levels: Treatment
implications and possible mechanisms. Arch Intern Medicine, 164(8), 863-70.
Pender, N., Murdaugh, C., & Parsons, M. (2011). Health promotion in nursing practice (6 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
References
Retrieved from http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsweek/Understanding_
Cholesterol.htm
San, C. (2013). Good Cholesterol. Retrieved from http://www.healthandbeauty-
blog.com/tag/good-cholesterol
Upadhyey, U. D., Needham Waddell, E., Young, S., Kerker, B. D., Berger, M., Mattle, T., & Angell, S. (2010, April). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of high LDL cholesterol in New York City, 2004. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879993/
U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services (2013, March). 2020 Topics & objectives - objectives a-z. Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist aspx?topicld=21
References
HDL: Quality not Quantity