Presented by: Michelle Brooks, Cara Chia, Stephanie Ewers, Narelle Salomon, Robyn Snyman, Andy Tan &...

Presented by: Michelle Brooks, Cara Chia, Stephanie Ewers, Narelle Salomon, Robyn Snyman, Andy Tan &

Danni Whitcombe.

Choice Theory Objective – understand how Choice

Theory can be used in the classroom, and develop your own opinions about this model.

Structure of tutorial:

- Presentation

- Interactive survey

- Fun group activity!

Dr William Glasser Born in 1925 in Cleveland,

Ohio. Psychiatrist, author, founded

The William Glasser Institute.

Developed Reality Therapy and Choice Theory.

www.wglasser.com

The Behaviour Management Model

Spectrum

Source: Edwards & Watts, (2009); Tauber (2007)

Management Theories

Interventionist.

E.g. B.F. Skinner, Lee Canter

Leadership Leadership TheoriesTheories Interactionalist.

E.g. Glasser, Bill Rogers,

Rudolf Dreikurs

Non-directive Intervention

Theories

Non-interventionist.

E.g. Thomas Gordon, Carl Rogers

Porter’s Continuum

Source: Lane, J. (2009). EDU 4205 Lecture 2. Retrieved on 26 August 2009 from ECU Blackboard: http://myecu.ecu.edu.au/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?url=/bin/common/course.pl?course_id=_549852_1

Leadership Theories Teacher helps students learn to

responsibly control their own lives. By providing students with choices, they

will take on increasing responsibility for themselves.

Help students recognise consequences of their behaviour.

Guide changes in behaviour so better consequences result.

Leadership Theories

Classroom is a democratic place – teacher and students share power.

All parties should be involved in conflict resolution.

Important to preserve teacher-student relationship.

Choice Theory

Developed as an explanation of all human behaviour

As human beingsAll we do is behaveEach behaviour is the result of a choiceThe choices we make are driven by 5 basic

needs

Five Basic Needs

Basic survival needs Need for belonging Need for power Need for freedom Need for fun

Basic Survival Need

Physical and biological needs- Food – Air - Reproduction

- Water – Warmth – Safety

- Shelter – Sleep – Security

If not met, our flight or fight response may be triggered

If students are uncomfortable or feel they are at risk they cannot learn effectively

Need for Belonging

Feeling loved Loving others Feeling unconditionally accepted

If not met students may behave inappropriately or disruptively in an attention seeking attempt

Need for Power

Feeling of control over own life Feelings of competency Feelings of achievement

Students need recognition and self-efficacy in order to feel a sense of power over their own lives

Need for Freedom

Having control over one’s own life Being free from the control of others

If not met students may rebel and create chaos in the classroom

Need for Fun

Children are driven by it Everyone desires it

If the classroom environment is fun, students are more likely to be willing, enthusiastic, motivated and engaged in the learning process

Choice Theory Overall The behaviour we display in any context is

the behaviour that would provide the most satisfaction at that point in time

Our five basic needs drive our choices, we choose to behave in a way that will satisfy one or more of these needs

Essentially the only behaviour we can control is our own

Classroom Organization & Teaching Strategies Improve learning outcomes

Competency based – setting students up for success!

Shift from authoritarian to equalitarian approach

Classroom Organization & Teaching Strategies

“The only persons behaviour I can control is my own”

Respect and responsibility

Classroom strategies

Classroom Organization & Teaching Strategies What we need to be asking ourselves as

teachers?

Wise choices

Behavioural change in a positive atmosphere

Implementing Choice Theory

Individual misbehaviour

Classroom rules

Cooperative learning


-Classroom Rules-

1. As a class, determine what the goals of instruction will be.

2. Formulate rules that are instrumental in achieving the specified class

goals.

3. Allow students to make suggestions, promoting a more enjoyable and

productive learning environment.

4. Achieve commitment on goals, rules and procedures decided on.

5. Decide on consequences for violation of rules.

Glasser, W. (1969). Schools Without Failure, New York: Harper & Row Publishers.

Implementing Control Theory

-Individual Misbehaviour-1. Be personal

2. Ask the student to identify his/her problem behaviour.

3. Student to judge misbehaviour.

4. Plan a new behaviour.

5. Elicit a commitment.

6. Accept no excuses.

7. Don’t punish.

8. Never give up.


-Cooperative Learning-

• Teams of 3

• Roles: recorder, checker, encourager

• Meets basic needs- misbehaviour


-Case Study-

• Year 6 boy

• Disruptive, becoming more and more distant

• Hates school, and you

• Used to being punished for misbehaviour

According to Glasser, what can be done?

Developing Personal Student

Behaviour Management Plans

Classroom rules are essential.

Regular classroom meetings recommended.

What happens when the rules are broken?

Reality Therapy

Is the process of teaching an irresponsible person to face existing reality, to function responsibly, and as a result fulfil one’s personal needs for love and self-worth (Larrivee, 2005).

Individual Interventions

A Consultation Corner Small hidden area for private conferences with students

for discussions regarding class work, as well as, positive or negative behaviour.

Glasser’s 5 Basic Needs Love Belonging Power Freedom and; Fun

Cognitive Thinking Children make decisions about their own

learning, Evaluate the quality of learning, Reflect on their own feelings and

behaviour Choices behind behaviour

Affective DevelopmentA sense of: Belonging Power Freedom Fun

Glasser’s Seven Caring Habits

ENCOURAGING

LISTENING

ACCEPTING

TRUSTING

RESPECTING

NEGOTIATING DIFFERENCES

SUPPORTING

Limitations of Choice Theory

Declared Glasser Quality Schools

Canterbury High School (Alabama) Horizons K-8 Alternative School (Colorado) Yampah Mountain High School (Colorado) Campus Community School (Delaware) Belleair Montessori Academy (Florida) Enterprise Elementary School (Florida) Indialantic Elementary School (Florida) Lewis Carroll Elementary School (Florida) Ralph M. Williams Elementary (Florida) Saturn Elementary School (Florida) Tropic Isles Elementary School (Florida) Aspen Elementary School (Illinios) Charyl Stockwell Academy (Michigan) McFall Elementary School (Michigan) The Grand Traverse Academy (Michigan) Choices High School (Ohio) Burnham Wood Charter School (Texas) Murray High School (Virginia) Saint Patrick Catholic School (Virginia)

Beaverbrook School (Vancouver, Canada)

Sunshine Beach State School (Queensland, Australia)

Preserje Pri Radomljah Elementary School (Radomlje, Slovenia)

In spite of its international appeal, Choice Theory is not without its limitations.

1. Needs a coordinated effort (whole school approach); otherwise inconsistencies can arise if not properly implemented.

2. Involves a radical shift in thinking (i.e. from an interventionist to a more interactive approach of management); school community to undergo hours of professional development and training which can be laborious, time consuming.

3. It therefore has the potential to place an unrealistic view on teaching.


4. It might also be financially unviable to implement, particularly for schools with limited resources.

5. No ‘quick fix’ remedy.

6. No failures!?


Q1. There should be no failing grades in school.

1 2 3

0% 0%0%

1. Agree2. Don’t Agree3. Undecided

3

0 of 30

Q2. All long-lasting psychological problems are relationship problems.

1 2 3

0% 0%0%


0 of 30

3

Q3. The only person’s behaviour we can control is our own.

1 2 3

0% 0%0%


0 of 30

3

Q4. Do you think we, as future teachers, have the responsibility to ensure that all of our students five needs are met?

1 2 3

0% 0%0%

1. Agree2. Don’t Agree3. To some degree

0 of 30

3

Q5. Would you consider using elements of Glasser’s Choice Theory in your classroom?

1 2 3 4 5

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. Yes! Definitely! Love it! – I am naming my first child Glasser!

2. Sure – I think Glasser has some good ideas and I will be trying them.

3. Maybe – I’m not convinced but I will give it a go.4. No way Jose! I’ve never heard such a load of

airy-fairy rubbish in my life!?5. Abstain.

0 of 30

3

Tutorial ActivityPlease move into groupsaccording to the colour ofyour ticket.

Creating Class Rules Today we are going to be creating rules for

our class. Students should have input into writing

classroom rules – they will have a greater understanding of the the rules, take ownership of them, and will be more likely to adhere to them.

This is an important aspect of Choice Theory and other leadership theories.

Rules should help students achieve their goals and reduce impediments to learning.

Your Task Today….. We will create a set of classroom rules, using the seven

caring habits as our guide: ListeningListening EncouragingEncouraging TrustingTrusting SupportingSupporting AcceptingAccepting RespectingRespecting Negotiating differencesNegotiating differences

These are the seven caring habits, identified by Glasser, that will help build relationships. These seven behaviours will improve a classroom environment, making it a place where children want to be.

The seven deadly habits are criticising, blaming, complaining, nagging, threatening, punishing and bribing/rewarding to control.

Step 1

In your group, discuss these seven caring habits and come up with one rule that relates to each habit (write this on the back of the ticket).

Step 2 Now split into groups according to the

caring habit that is written on your ticket. Share your ideas and decide on a rule

for your caring habit. Write this on your cardboard flower

petal. We will assemble the flower on the wall.

These will be our classroom rules!These will be our classroom rules!

Seven Caring Habits

ENCOURAGING

LISTENING

ACCEPTING

TRUSTING

RESPECTING


SUPPORTING

LISTENING

ACCEPTING

TRUSTING

RESPECTING


SUPPORTING

ENCOURAGING

Presented by: Michelle Brooks, Cara Chia, Stephanie Ewers, Narelle Salomon, Robyn Snyman, Andy Tan &...

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