Presented by: Dr. N Deb, Dy. Director Surveillance WEST BENGAL STATE AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL...
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Transcript of Presented by: Dr. N Deb, Dy. Director Surveillance WEST BENGAL STATE AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL...
WEST BENGAL STATE AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL SOCIETY
Presented by: Dr. N Deb, Dy. Director SurveillancePresented by: Dr. N Deb, Dy. Director Surveillance
SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE IN WEST BENGAL 2005
Definition
HIV surveillance can be defined as “A collection of epidemiological information of sufficient accuracy and completeness regarding the distribution and spread of HIV infection to be relevant to the planning and implementation of HIV / AIDS prevention and control programme activities”.
Objectives
Determine the geographical spread of HIV infection Monitor the trends of HIV epidemic Know the prevalence of the infection in high risk group like
Sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attendees Measure the prevalence of the HIV infection in the general
population through testing the antenatal clinic attendees. Measure the prevalence of the infection in the targeted
intervention groups of Female Sex Workers (FSW), Men Having Sex with Men (MSM) & Injecting Drug Users (IDU)
Provide information for estimates and future projections of HIV/AIDS in the country;
Use such data to mobilize the national political and social leaders as well as to generate external support for the programme;
Provide useful data for appropriate planning of health and medical care services
Site Selection & Sample Size: ANC, STD, FSW, IDU & MSM Sites
400 samples collected from each ANC sentinel site in a period of 3 month- Sentinel group is the ANC attendees / pregnant women attending the clinic for the first time during this period.
In the case of STD clinic the sample size is 250 of them 150 from STD clinic & 100 from Gyno clinic of same institution.
250 samples collected from identified TI clinic for FSW, IDU, MSM in a period of 3 months- sentinel groups are FSW, IDU, MSM.
1. Samples were collected (a) Maintaining consecutiveness, (b) Following inclusion criteria.
2. Testing done at (a) Pre-designated testing centers at Microbiology/ Virology units of teaching institutions in a unlinked anonymous manner.
Sites were selected considering the different geographical locations, high risk populations & low risk populations
Sentinel Sites 1998 (R-1): 6 Sites (3ANC+3STD)
1998 (R-2): 8 Sites (4ANC+4STD)
1999 (R-3): 8 Sites (4ANC+4STD)
2000 (R-4): 9 Sites (4ANC+5STD)
2001 (R-5): 14 Sites (8ANC+6STD)
2002 (R-6): 19Sites(9ANC+9STD+1IDU)
2003 (R-7): 27 Sites(9ANC+10STD+1IDU+7FSW)
2004 (R-8): 28 Sites (9ANC+10STD+1IDU+7FSW+1MSM)
2005 (R-9): 33 Sites (9ANC+12STD+4IDU+7FSW+1MSM)
New STD & IDU Sites-2005
STD Sites: Hoogly DH Medinipur Medical College & Hospital
IDU Sites:
SCIR-Siliguri SCIR-Lalgola Kripa Foundation-Darjeeling
Sentinel Surveillance Sites:2005
Site Type No of Sites
ANC 9
STD 12
FSW 7
IDU 4
MSM 1
Total 33
ANCANC
STDSTD
FSWFSW
IDUIDU
MSMMSM
Analytical Approach: Analytical Approach: A Few Illustrative ExamplesA Few Illustrative Examples
HIV Sentinel Surveillance Report, West Bengal :1998-2005
Round
STD ANC
No. of Sentinel
SitesNo.
TestedTotal +ve %
No. of Sentinel Sites
No. Tested
Total +ve %
1st -1998 3 750 18 2.40 3 1200 5 0.42
2nd-19984 951 12 1.26 4 1320 6 0.45
3rd-19994 819 11 1.34 4 1537 2 0.13
4th-20005 1101 19 1.73 4 1520 6 0.39
5th-20016 1493 12 0.8 8 3200 5 0.16
6th 20029 2106 47 2.23 9 3600 11 0.31
7th- 200310 2392 64 2.68 9 3425 15 0.44
8th -200410 2368 66 2.76 9 3481 15 0.43
9th -2005 12 2511 62 2.47 9 3238 29 0.90
Total (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R6+R7+R8+R9)
14491 311 2. 15
Total (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R6+R7+
R8+R9)
22521 94 0.42
HIV Sentinel Surveillance Report, West Bengal :1998-2005
Round
FSW IDU MSM
No. of Sentinel
SitesNo.
TestedTotal +ve %
No. of Sentinel Sites
No. Teste
dTotal +ve %
No. of Sentinel
Sites
No. Teste
dTotal +ve %
1st-1998 - - - - - - - - - - - -
2nd-1998
- - - - - - - - - - - -
3rd-1999
- - - - - - - - - - - -
4th-2000
- - - - - - - - - - - -
5th-2001
- - - - - - - - - - - -
6th 2002
- - - - 1 205 3 1.46 - - - -
7th- 2003
7 1750 113 6.46 1 230 6 2.61 - - - -
8th -2004
7 1750 72 4.11 1 225 5 2.22 1 150 2 1.33
9th -2005
7 1383 94 6.80 4 998 74 7.41 1 186 1 0.54
Total (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R6+R7+R8+R
9)
4883 279 5.71(R6+R7+R8+R9)
1658 88 5.31(R8+ R9)
336 3 0.89
HIV Infection Trend-1998-2005
Percentage Prevalence of HIV Infection -STD ,ANC FSW, IDU, MSM Sites in West Bengal (1998-2005)
2.32 2.47
1.46
2.22
6.46
2.792.68
0.8
1.731.341.26
2.23
0.430.13 0.31
0.90.16
0.390.450.42 0.44
2.61
7.41
4.11
6.8
1.33
0.540
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
R-1: 1998 R-2:1998 R-3: 1999 R-4: 2000 R-5: 2001 R-6: 2002 R-7: 2003 R-8: 2004 R-9: 2005
Time Period (1998-2005)
Perc
en
tag
e P
revale
nce
STD ANC IDU FSW MSM
% Prevalence 2003 ………..2005
2.68 2.792.47
0.44 0.43
0.9
6.46
4.11
6.8
2.612.22
7.41
1.33
0.54
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
STD ANC FSW IDU MSM
2003 2004 2005
% Prevalence District wise in West Bengal-2004-2005
1
0 . 6 5
0 . 5
0
0 . 5
0
1 . 2 5
2 . 2 5
0
1 . 5
0 . 2 5
0 . 2 6
2 . 2 5
0
0
0 . 8 4
0 . 5
1 . 2 5
0 0 . 5 1 1 . 5 2 2 . 5
B u r d w a n
S o u th 2 4P G S
U t ta rD i n a j p u r
P u r b aM e d i n i p u r
P u r u l i a
M a l d a h
D a r j e e l i n g
K o o c h b e h a r
K o l k a ta
% P r e v a l e n c e
2 0 0 5
2 0 0 4
0 . 8 2
2 . 4 6
0
0 . 4 1
1 . 6 5
0 . 8 2
0 . 9 4
3 . 2 4
2 . 0 4
4 . 8
1 . 6
1 . 5 1
2 . 2 7
0
4 . 8
0 . 9 3
3 . 0 2
3 . 4
1 . 1 9
0
1 9 . 7 4
1 . 2
0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5
S o u th 2 4 P g s
B u r d w a n
K o l k a ta
E a s t M e d i n i p u r
B a n k u r a
D a k s h i nD i n a j p u r
J a l p a i g u r i
M u r s h i d a b a d
N a d i a
H o w r a h
H o o g l y
P a s c h i mM e d i n i p u r
% P r e v a l e n c e
ANCANC
STDSTD
% Prevalence District wise in West Bengal-2004-2005
4 . 4
2 . 8
5 . 6
2
8
6 . 8
6 . 6 7
8
6
2 . 5 4
9 . 6
1 . 6
0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2
S o u th 2 4P g s
B u r d w a n
K o l k a ta
P u r b aM e d i n i p u r
J a l p a i g u r i
M u r s h i d a b a d
% P r e v a l e n c e
2 0 0 5
2 0 0 4
FSWFSW
ANC Sites - 2005
HIV VDRL
S.No District Name Site Name Number Tested
Number Positive
% Positive
Number Positive
% Positive
1 Kolkata Abinash Dutta Maternity Home
400 9 2.25 2 0.50
2 Uttar Dinajpur Raiganj District Hospital 400 2 0.50 19 4.75
3 Maldah Malda District Hospital 400 1 0.25 22 5.50
4 South 24 PGS Bijaygarh State General Hospital
89 2 2.25 3 3.37
5 Coochbehar Coochbehar District Hospital (MJN)
391 1 0.26 6 1.53
6 Darjeeling Darjeeling District Hospital 359 3 0.84 9 2.51
7 Burdwan Durgapur SD Hospital 400 5 1.25 5 1.25
8 Purulia Purulia District Hospital 400 6 1.50 10 2.50
9 Purba Medinipur
Tamluk District Hospital 399 0 0.00 14 3.51
Total 3238 29 0.90 90 2.78
STD Sites-2005
HIV VDRL
S.No District Name Site Name Number Tested
Number Positive
% Positive
Number Positive
% Positive
1 Nadia Krishnagar Sadar Hospital 215 2 0.93 6 2.79
2 Hoogly Hoogly District Hospital 147 5 3.40 6 4.08
3 Murshidabad Berhampur District Hospital 250 12 4.80 5 2.00
4 Purba Medinipur Haldia SD Hospital 250 4 1.60 16 6.40
5 Paschim Medinipur
Mednipur Medical College Hospital 84 1 1.19 3 3.57
6 Burdwan Burdwan Medical College Hospital 245 5 2.04 26 10.61
7 Dakshin Dinajpur Balurghat Sadar Hospital 176 4 2.27 1 0.57
8 Kolkata Kolkata Medical College & Hospital 250 12 4.80 24 9.60
9 Bankura Bankura Sammilani Medical College Hospital
199 3 1.51 19 9.55
10 Jalpaiguri Jalpaiguri District Hospital 249 0 0.00 6 2.41
11 South 24 PGS M R Bangura Hospital 247 8 3.24 8 3.24
12 Howrah Howrah District Hospital 199 6 3.02 7 3.52
Total 2511 62 2.47 127 5.06
FSW Sites-2005
HIV VDRL
S.No District Name Site Name Number Tested
Number Positive
% Positive
Number Positive
% Positive
1 South 24 PGS Diamond Harbour TI Project 250 20 8.00 5 2.00
2 Kolkata Kolkata SHIP TI Project 250 26 10.40 51 20.40
3 Burdwan Durgapur 9 RLA TI project 250 17 6.80 39 15.60
4 Purba Medinipur
Haldia (VES) TI project 250 20 8.00 24 9.60
5 Jalpaiguri Jalapaiguri TI Project 50 3 6.00 13 26.00
6 Kolkata Kolkata DMSC TI project 215 5 2.33 14 6.51
7 Murshidabad Berhampur TI project 118 3 2.54 14 11.86
Total 1383 94 6.80 160 11.57
IDU & MSM Sites-2005
HIV VDRL
S.No District Name Site Name Number Tested
Number Positive
% Positive
Number Positive
% Positive
1 Kolkata SCIR_Kolkata 250 7 2.80 7 2.80
2 Murshidabad SCIR-Lalgola 248 2 0.81 15 6.05
3 Darjeeling SCIR-Siliguri 250 40 16.00 2 0.80
4 Darjeeling Kirpa Foundation,Darjeeling
250 25 10.00 21 8.40
Total 998 74 7.41 45 4.51
IDUIDU
HIV VDRL
S.No District Name Site Name Number Tested
Number Positive
% Positive
Number Positive
% Positive
1 Kolkata Manas Bangla 186 1 0.54 2 1.08
Total 186 1 0.54 2 1.08
MSMMSM
ANC Sites-2005ANC Sites-2005 No. of Sites-9No. of Sites-9
Sample Tested-Sample Tested-3238 3238
Found Positive -29Found Positive -29 Percentage Prevalence-0.90%Percentage Prevalence-0.90%
Age, Locale, Migration & Literacy Distribution-ANC Sites
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y A g e G r o u p
0 . 8 30 . 9 5
0 . 5 1
00 .0 0
0 .2 0
0 .4 0
0 .6 0
0 .8 0
1.0 0
15 - 19 2 0 - 2 9 3 0 - 4 4 4 5 - 4 9
A g e G r o u p
HIV
%
Pre
vale
nce
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y L o c a l i t y
1 . 2 5
0 . 5 5
0 .0 00 .2 00 .4 00 .6 00 .8 01.0 01.2 01.4 0
U r b a n R u r a l
L o c a l i t y
HIV
%
Pre
vale
nce
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y M i g r a t i o n
0 . 9
0 . 8 9
0 .8 9
0 .8 9
0 .9 0
0 .9 0
0 .9 1
Y e s N o
M i g r a t i o n
HIV
%
Pre
vale
nce
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y L i t e r a c y
1 . 1 7 1 . 0 10 . 7
00 .0 0
0 .5 0
1.0 0
1.5 0
Illite ra te L ite ra te &t ill 5 th
T ill 12 th G ra d u a te& a b o v e
E d u c a t i o n
HIV
%
Pre
vale
nce
Occupation of Spouse -ANC
H IV P r e v a le n c e b y O c c u p a t io n ( S p o u s e )
1 . 8 8
1 . 11 . 2 9
0
0 . 3 8
1 . 3 1
0 . 7
2 . 0 8
0 .0 0
0 .5 0
1 .0 0
1 .5 0
2 .0 0
2 .5 0
Agr
i/Uns
kille
dw
orke
r
Tru
ck/A
uto/
Tax
iD
river
Indu
st./
Fac
tory
wor
kers
Hot
el S
taff
Ser
vice
Cla
ssP
eopl
e
Bus
ines
s
Une
mpl
oyed
Stu
dent
O c c u p a t io n
HIV
% P
reva
len
ce
STD Sites-2005STD Sites-2005
No. of Sites-12 No. of Sites-12 Sample Tested- Sample Tested-2511 2511
Found Positive -62 Found Positive -62 Percentage Prevalence-2.47%Percentage Prevalence-2.47%
Sex Distribution-STD Sites
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y S e x
3 . 4 5
1 . 8
0 .0 0
1.0 0
2 .0 0
3 .0 0
4 .0 0
M a l e F e m a l e
S e x
HIV
%
Pre
va
len
ce
Age Distribution-STD Sites
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y A g e G r o u p
1 . 31 . 9 2 1 . 7 5
2 . 2 21 . 4 5
2 . 7 92 . 2 9 2 . 4
1 . 8 9
4 . 3 6
2 . 9 2 2 . 5
0 .0 0
1.0 0
2 .0 0
3 .0 0
4 .0 0
5 .0 0
15 - 19 2 0 - 2 9 3 0 - 4 4 4 5 - 4 9
A g e G r o u p
HIV %
Pr
evale
nce
M a l e
F e m a l e
T o t a l
Locale Distribution-STD Sites
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y L o c a l i t y
2 . 0 7 1 . 6 6
2 . 8 72 . 2 1
3 . 8 33 . 1 6
0 .0 0
1.0 0
2 .0 0
3 .0 0
4 .0 0
5 .0 0
U r b a n R u r a l
L o c a l i t y
HIV
%
Pre
va
len
ce
M a l e
F e m a l e
T o t a l
Status of Migration-STD Sites
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y M i g r a t i o n
2 . 7 31 . 7 3
5 . 0 7
2 . 1 2
6 . 4 5
2 . 7 8
0 .0 01.0 0
2 .0 03 .0 04 .0 05 .0 06 .0 07 .0 0
Y e s N o
M i g r a t i o n
HIV
%
Pre
vale
nce
M a l e
F e m a l e
T o t a l
Literacy Status-STD Sites
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y L i t e r a c y
1.1
0
2 .0 3
0
4 .7 63 .7 1
3 .13
0
2 .0 22 .3 2
2 .7 23 .0 3
0 .0 01.0 0
2 .0 03 .0 04 .0 05 .0 0
Illite ra te L ite ra te &t ill 5 th
T ill 12 th G ra d u a te &a b o v e
E d u c a t i o n
HIV
%
Pre
va
len
ce
M a l e
F e m a l e
T o t a l
Self Occupation –STD Sites
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y O c c u p a t i o n
2 . 6 73 . 3
0
2 . 0 8
0
5 . 2 2
0 0
5 . 7 1
0 0 0 0
3 . 6 7 3 . 9 2
1 . 9 6
2 . 9 6
0
1 . 3 9
3 . 5 9 3 . 7 74 . 4 4
5 . 1 3
1 . 5 2
3 . 9 2
5 . 4 1
1 . 5 2
0 . 0 01 . 0 02 . 0 03 . 0 04 . 0 05 . 0 06 . 0 0
A g r i / U n s k i l le dw o r k e r
T r u c k / A u t o / T a x iD r iv e r
In d u s t ./ F a c t o r yw o r k e r s
H o t e l S t a ff S e r v ic e C la s sP e o p le
B u s in e s s U n e m p lo y e d S t u d e n t H o u s e w if e
O c c u p a t i o n
HIV %
Pre
valen
ce
M a le
F e m a le
T o t a l
Clinical Diagnosis-STD Sites
C l i n i c a l D i a g n o s t i c s
7 8 .6 2
4 7 .14 3 7 .6 7
6 .6 1 711.6 27 .3 5
2 .2 72 5 .9 7
6 2 .0 9
7 .0 5 4 .180 . 0 0
2 0 . 0 04 0 . 0 06 0 . 0 08 0 . 0 0
1 0 0 . 0 0G
enit
al U
lcer
s
Ure
thra
l/C
ervi
cal
Dis
char
ge
Gen
ital
Ulc
ers
&D
isch
arge
Gen
ital
War
t
T y p e o f S T D s
Pe
rce
nta
ge
M a l e
F e m a l e
T o t a l
FSW Sites-2005FSW Sites-2005 No. of Sites-No. of Sites- 77
Sample Tested-Sample Tested-13831383
Found Positive -94Found Positive -94 Percentage Prevalence-6.80%Percentage Prevalence-6.80%
Age, Locale, Migration & Literacy Distribution-FSW Sites
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y A g e G r o u p
3 . 4 8
8 . 6 4
6 . 0 2
2 . 4 4
0 .0 0
2 .0 0
4 .0 0
6 .0 0
8 .0 0
10 .0 0
15 - 19 2 0 - 2 9 3 0 - 4 4 4 5 - 4 9
A g e G r o u p
HIV
%
Pre
val
ence
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y L o c a l i t y
7 . 5 95 . 9 5
0 .0 0
2 .0 0
4 .0 0
6 .0 0
8 .0 0
U r b a n R u r a l
L o c a l i t y
HIV
%
Pre
vale
nce
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y M i g r a t i o n
7 . 4 1
6 . 3
5 .5 0
6 .0 0
6 .5 0
7 .0 0
7 .5 0
Y e s N o
M i g r a t i o n
HIV
%
Pre
vale
nce
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y L i t e r a c y
6 . 1 48 . 4
6 . 3 7
00 .0 02 .0 04 .0 0
6 .0 08 .0 0
10 .0 0
Illite ra te L ite ra te &t ill 5 th
T ill 12 th G ra d u a te& a b o v e
E d u c a t i o n
HIV
%
Pre
vale
nce
Clinical Diagnosis-FSW Sites
C l i n i c a l D i a g n o s t i c s
2 . 1
2 8 . 1
1 . 9 0 . 70 .0 05 .0 0
10 .0 015 .0 0
2 0 .0 02 5 .0 03 0 .0 0
Ge
nita
l
Ulc
ers
Ure
thra
l/Ce
r
vic
al
Dis
ch
arg
e
Ge
nita
l
Ulc
ers
&
Dis
ch
arg
e
Ge
nita
l Wa
rt
T y p e o f S T D s
Pe
rce
nta
ge
IDU Sites-2005IDU Sites-2005 No. of Sites-No. of Sites- 44
Sample Tested-Sample Tested-998998
Found Positive -74Found Positive -74 Percentage Prevalence-7.41%Percentage Prevalence-7.41%
Age, Locale, Migration & Literacy Distribution-IDU Sites
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y A g e G r o u p
9 . 0 91 0 . 9 1
4 . 6 62 . 6 3
0 .0 02 .0 04 .0 06 .0 08 .0 0
10 .0 012 .0 0
15 - 19 2 0 - 2 9 3 0 - 4 4 4 5 - 4 9
A g e G r o u p
HIV
%
Prev
alen
ce
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y L o c a l i t y
1 0 . 8 2
1 . 3 9
0 . 0 0
5 . 0 0
1 0 . 0 0
1 5 . 0 0
U r b a n R u r a l
L o c a l i t y
HIV
%
Pre
va
len
ce
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y M i g r a t i o n
2 0 . 8 3
7 . 0 8
0 .0 0
5 .0 0
10 .0 0
15 .0 0
2 0 .0 0
2 5 .0 0
Y e s N o
M i g r a t i o n
HIV
%
Pre
vale
nce
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y L i t e r a c y
7 .11 5 .6 6 .11
3 7 .5
0 .0 0
10 .0 0
2 0 .0 0
3 0 .0 0
4 0 .0 0
Illit e ra te L ite ra te &t ill 5 th
T ill 12 th G ra d u a te& a b o v e
E d u c a t i o n
HIV
%
Pre
vale
nce
Self Occupation -IDU
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y O c c u p a t i o n
1 0 . 4 5
2 . 7 3
1 0 . 6 7
1 4 . 2 9
1 7 . 8 6
8 . 0 5
3 . 9 6 4
6 . 6 7
0 . 0 02 . 0 04 . 0 06 . 0 08 . 0 0
1 0 . 0 01 2 . 0 01 4 . 0 01 6 . 0 01 8 . 0 02 0 . 0 0
Ag
ri/U
nsk
illed
wo
rker
Tru
ck/A
uto
/Tax
iD
rive
r
Ind
ust
./Fac
tory
wo
rker
s
Ho
tel S
taff
Ser
vice
Cla
ssP
eop
le
Bu
sin
ess
Un
emp
loye
d
Stu
den
t
Ho
use
wif
e
O c c u p a t i o n
HIV
% P
reva
len
ce
MSM SitesMSM Sites
No. of Sites-1No. of Sites-1Sample Tested-186Sample Tested-186
Found Positive -1Found Positive -1 Percentage Prevalence-0.54Percentage Prevalence-0.54
Age,Locale,Migration & Literacy Distribution-MSM Sites
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y A g e G r o u p
0 0
8 . 3 3
00 .0 0
2 .0 0
4 .0 0
6 .0 0
8 .0 0
10 .0 0
15 - 19 2 0 - 2 9 3 0 - 4 4 4 5 - 4 9
A g e G r o u p
HIV
%
Pre
va
len
ce
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y L o c a l i t y
0
1 . 1 1
0 .0 00 .2 00 .4 00 .6 00 .8 01.0 01.2 0
U r b a n R u r a l
L o c a l i t y
HIV
%
Pre
va
len
ce
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y M i g r a t i o n
0
0 . 5 7
0 .0 00 .10
0 .2 00 .3 0
0 .4 00 .5 00 .6 0
Y e s N o
M i g r a t i o n
HIV
%
Pre
vale
nce
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y L i t e r a c y
00
3 . 3 3
00 . 0 0
1 . 0 0
2 . 0 0
3 . 0 0
4 . 0 0
I l l i t e r a t e L i t e r a t e &
t i l l 5 t h
T i l l 1 2 t h G r a d u a t e
& a b o v e
E d u c a t i o n
HIV
%
Pre
va
len
ce
Occupation & Clinical Diagnosis- MSM Sites
H I V P r e v a l e n c e b y O c c u p a t i o n
0 0
3 . 5 7
00 0 0 00 . 0 00 . 5 01 . 0 01 . 5 02 . 0 02 . 5 03 . 0 03 . 5 04 . 0 0
Agri/
Uns
kille
dw
orke
r
Truc
k/Au
to/T
axi
Driv
er
Indu
st./F
acto
ryw
orke
rs
Hot
el S
taff
Serv
ice
Cla
ssPe
ople
Busi
ness
Une
mpl
oyed
Stud
ent
O c c u p a t io n
HIV
% P
reva
lenc
e
C l i n i c a l D i a g n o s t i c s
3 2 .2 6
3 .2 3 0 .5 48 .0 6
0 . 0 01 0 . 0 02 0 . 0 03 0 . 0 04 0 . 0 0
Gen
ital
Ulce
rs
Uret
hral/
Cer
vical
Disc
harg
e
Gen
ital
Ulce
rs &
Disc
harg
e
Gen
ital W
art
T y p e o f S T D s
Perc
enta
ge
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