Presented by Dave Riddle

Directions

Aft: Towards the back of the boatPort: The left side of the boat when facing forwardStarboard: The right side of the boat when facing forwardFore/Forward: Towards the front of the boat

Typical SailboatMast: Large vertical spar which supports the sailsMainsail: The large sail which is aft of the mastJib: The smaller sail which is forward of the mastBow: Front of the boatCockpit: Open well of the boat where the crew sitor place their feetStern: Back of the boatRudder: Moveable fin to control directionTransom: Flat outside portion of the sternDeck: Top of the hull to keep water outCenterboard/Daggerboard: pivoting/moveablefin to prevent sliding sidewaysGunwale: Edge of the desk that touches the TopsideBilge: Lowest part of the boat insidethe hullTopsides: Sides of the hull to the chine

More Parts

Block: A pulley – it can have wheels or sheavesMain Sheet: The line used to trim the mainsailSheet: Line used to trim a sailBow line: A line attached to the front ofthe boatRigging: Wires used to support the mast and linesUsed to hoist or trim sailsCleat: Device attached to the deck or cockpit ofthe boat which is used to secure a lineSpar: Pole used to support the sailsGooseneck: Fitting that attaches the boom tothe mastTraveler: Track or bridle to control sidewaysmovement of the boom and mainsail

Still more parts!Trunk: A fitting in the center of the hull though whichthe daggerboard passesThwart: Transverse structure to sit on and used tosupport the centerboard/daggerboard trunkHull: Body of the boat

Controls

Tiller: Wood or metal extension from the top of the rudder which is used to hold the rudders position

Sails

Head: Top corner of the sailLeech: Trailing edge of the sailBattens: Sticks to keep the Leech from curlingClew: Aft lower corner of the sailFoot: Bottom edge of the sailTack: Forward lower corner of a sailLuff: Forward edge of the sail or flapping sail when nottrimmed

Sail Control

Boom: Spar which stabilizes the bottom of the mainsailOuthaul: Stretch the mainsail along the boomMain Sheet: Line used to trim the mainsailCunningham: Stretch mainsail down after HoistBoom Vang/Vang: Line secured to the boom to prevent itFrom lifting when wind hits the sailLine: A RopeHalyards: Hoist sail up the mastSheets: Trim sail against the pressure of the wind

Wind

Leeward: Where the wind isgoing toWindward: Where the wind iscoming from

Luffing

The flapping of a sail when it isnot trimmed properly or theboat is pointed into or too closeto the wind

Irons

Pointed into the wind andstalled

Docking

1. Choose the side lined up withThe wind2. Approach from the downwind end3. Release the sheets so the sail can luff.

Boarding1. Pull the boat alongside the dock2. Crew to hold the boat steady3. Do not board over the bow – board at the middle of the hull. Step into the cockpit – not on the deck with feet pointing toward the bow4. Once aboard crouch to lower your center of gravity5. If able to lower the centerboard6. Load gear7. Load other passengers

Underway

Ready to get underway?

Look around and have a crewmate or dockhand push the boat away from the dock and into the wind

SteerTo turn starboard move tiller to port

To turn to port turn tiller to starboard

Points of SailDirection of sail inrelation to the wind

Wind:  The wind is what powers a sailboat.  Both the direction and strength of wind is important in setting the sails and maintaining control of the boat.  True-wind direction is different from apparent-wind direction.  The true-wind is the direction of the wind which makes the waves.  The true-wind is perpendicular to the waves.  The apparent-wind sails the boat.  When the speed of the boat and the velocity of the wind are close, the difference between the apparent and true-wind is the greatest.  The apparent wind is forward of the true-wind, except when sailing directly into or away from the true-wind.  As one sails faster, the apparent-wind is drawn further forward.   When sailing with the wind the apparent-wind has less of a force that the true-wind.  When sailing against the wind, i.e., in a close reach, the apparent-wind has a greater force than the true wind.In general, the closer you sail to the wind, the closer the sails are pulled or trimmed to the midline of the boat.  As you sail away from the wind, the sails are progressively let out.  The exact position of the sails are based upon the direction and speed of the apparent-wind.  (The direction of the apparent-wind is determined by the sailboat's tack [or  relationship to the true-wind] and the relationship of the speed of the true-wind to the speed of the boat.)   For the beginner sailor, it is easy to remember the five basic directions of sail ( point-of-sail ) each of which has its distinct characteristics of speed, heel and sail position. 

Point-of-Sail Wind Direction

In Irons Into the Wind

Close-Hauled(Beating)

 30-40 Deg

Close Reach 70 DegBeam Reach 90 DegBroad Reach 135 Deg

Running 180 Deg

Close Reach: Sailing with the front of theboat approximately 60 Deg off the windClose Hauled: Sailing as close to thewind as possibleBeam Reach:Broad Reach: Sailing far away from the windbut still able to fill the mainsail and jib onthe same side of the boatRunning: Sail directly downwind

Safety Position

1. Put boat on a close reach and luff the sails2. Boat will coast to a stop and drift3. Simply trim the sail to get underway again

TackClick on picture to play video

JibeClick on picture to play video

Trim

TrimAmount of sail pulled in toward the centerline of the hull

Upwind

Groove

KnotsCleat hitch

Secure a line to a deck cleat

Click on picture to play video

Knots

Bowline

Makes a secure loop in a linethat will not slip

Click on picture to play video

Knots

Square knot

Join two lines of equalthickness

Click on picture to play video

Knots

Clove hitch

Quick and easy temporaryknot. Will work it’s way freeover time

Click on picture to play video

Knots

Figure-eight

Stopper knot. Used to put alump in the end of a line tostop it from slipping througha block

Click on picture to play video

Knots

Two Half Hitches

Secure a line around a postor ring

Click on picture to play video

Rules of the RoadWhen two sailboats on opposite tacks meet, the one on the starboard tack is the“stand-on” vessel and has the right-of-way.

Rules of the RoadWhen two sailboats on the same tackMeet the one on the leeward (downwind)side is the stand-on vessel and has theright-of-way

Rules of the Road

When a faster moving sailboatovertakes another from behind,it is the give-way vessel and mustKeep clear of the boat it is overtaking.

Rules of the Road

Powerboats keep clear of sailboatsSailboats keep clear of muscle-powered boats

Exceptions:1. All keep clear of disabled boats other then to give aid2. All boats give way to boats with limited maneuvering –barges, fishing, etc…3. In a channel yield to bigger boats4. Sailboat using an engine is a “powerboat”

Be Defensive.

CapsizeA sailboat capsizes when it heels over so far that the top of the mast touches the water.

Reasons:1.The sails are trimmed in too far2.The wind is too strong3.The boat is carrying too much sail4.The crew members do not use their weight correctly to balance the hull

CapsizeA small boat is said to capsize when it rolls over upside down or on its side with its mast and sails in the water.  Turtling is a type of capsizing but only refers to the turning of the boat completely upside down with its sails and mast pointing vertically toward the sea bottom.   Capsizes usually occur when a sudden gust of wind catches the skipper and crew off guard.  For this reason, one should always have control of the main sheet to quickly let out and depower the mainsail.

Remember the following safety rules:#1.  Never swim toward shore.  It looks closer than you think and you may not make it.#2.  Always stay with the boat.#3.  Do not swim under the sails or hull.         #4.  Upon entering the boat after it has come upright, be sure to duck to avoid the swinging boom.   

Capsize1. Count Heads – account for everyone2. Stay with the boat3. Release all the sheets from their cleats4. Turn the hull into the wind5. Swim to the centerboard6. Pull down on the board to right the boat7. Grab the hull before it drifts away8. Climb on board from the stern

CapsizeThere are several methods of righting a capsized boat.  The Scoop Recovery Method can be used for righting a boat when sailed by two or more people.  The boat often capsizes toward the leeward side and both the skipper and the crew end up in the water.  One sailor supports the mast to keep the boat from turtling.  The other sailor maneuvers around the boat (not under the hull) and climbs on the centerboard.  The sailor in the water grabs on to a stationary object in the boat's cockpit.  The sailor on the centerboard leans back and starts to right the boat.  If more righting leverage is needed, a jib sheet may be used to lean farther out on the centerboard. The sailor in the water is scooped into the cockpit and helps stabilize the boat as it is righted.  As the sailors enter the cockpit they should duck to avoid getting hit by the boom.   The sheet of the mainsail and jib should be loose and the sails allowed to luff so they will not recapsize the boat while it is righting.

Capsize

Capsize

Capsize

Capsize

Capsize

Capsize

Capsize – Walk-OverIn the Walkover Method of recovery a sailor quickly swings over the side of the boat onto the centerboard before the boat starts to capsize.  He can then lean backwards and as the boat rights itself he can quickly get back into the cockpit. 

Capsize Click on picture to play video

Running Aground

If you hit rocks the bottom may be damaged. If you hit mud or sand you may be

stuck and need to shove off.Don’t get out unless you have to. If you do get out maintain control

of the boatholding it forward of the mast to keep it pointed into the wind and

the sailsluffing.

1. Release all sheets to luff the sails2. Turn into the wind and then to deep water3. Raise the rudder and centerboard 4. Push off (if necessary using an oar or pole)5. As you enter deep water lower the fins to resume sailing

Maintenance

Keep the boat clean.Rinse and wipe to clean dirt, debris or footprintsPump, bail, drain or sponge-dry the hullSecure all rigging by pulling it taut and cleatingCoil longer linesStow or remove loose gearDry out and roll or furl the sailsRinse off saltwater well – especially metal or moving partsSecure boat and sail covers

Go for a Sail!Click on picture to play video