Presented by Angelo Tamayo. Hannibal blamed for the consequences of the Second Punic War: Heavy war...
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Transcript of Presented by Angelo Tamayo. Hannibal blamed for the consequences of the Second Punic War: Heavy war...
Presented by Angelo Tamayo
Hannibal:Life after the Second Punic
War
Hannibal blamed for the consequences of the Second Punic War:Heavy war repaymentsSurrender of all territory except the city of
CarthageSurrender of war fleet and elephantsCarthage unable to wage
war without the consent of Rome
The End of the Second Punic War
Allowed to stay in CarthageElected a suffete in 197 Fixed up the economy Attempted to abolish Carthaginian oligarchy
and attempted to introduce democratic reforms
Accused of conspiring with King Antiochus III of Syria against Rome and went into voluntary exile
Hannibal the Politician
Fled to Antiochus III at Ephesus to organise an invasion of Italy
Granted a minor naval commandLost to Rhodes in naval combat at Magnesia
in 189Fled to Armenia, then Crete
Exiled
Then to King Prusias at BithyniaGranted admiralship of the navy and helped
to defeat King Eumenes of Pergamum’s fleet in 184
Rome demands the arrest of HannibalHannibal poisoned himself in his home at
Libyssa at about 183
His Death
After Hannibal’s exile in 196, Carthage focused on reviving itscommerce
Rome was already scared of a reincarnation or the likes of Hannibal
Numidians were taking advantage of the weakened state Carthage and “hit and running”
Rome rejected Carthage’s pleas for help
The Destruction of Carthage (149-146BC)
A military tribune in the Punic WarsWent to Carthage to investigate these frontier
violationsReturned to Rome even more alarmed at the
apparent wealth of the city“Carthago delenda est”
Cato the Elder
Finally Carthage retaliated and suffered a loss
This gave Rome a valid reason to interveneCarthage attempted to appease Rome
Surrendered some hostagesSurrender of engines and arms of war
The Romans then told them to abandon their city and settle somewhere at least 10 miles from the seacoast.
Carthage refused
The Consequences
Believed that Carthage couldn't be defeated without a Scipio in command
Makeshift weaponsHeld the city for three years against Scipio
AemilianusTens of thousands of people sold into slaveryThe city apparently burned for 17 daysThe site was declared accursedFields sowed with salt so that nothing could grow
there
The Sacking of Carthage
No Carthaginian records of Hannibal’s life, only Roman and Greek
Polybius enslaved by the RomansTitus Livius (Livy) was a Roman by birthRecords only pertain to his public life
The Primary Sources
Polybius
Livy
Polybius Livy
Fond of money to a smaller degree than publicised
Loved by his men and yet inhumanly cruel
Could unite diverse forces under one authority and command
Lay on the hard ground with his men and dressed alike them
Cruelty was a necessity First to enter battle and last to leave it
Brave and daring No toil could exhaust his body or overcome his spirit
A true leader: working and fighting with his men
Liar with no sanctity nor fear of the gods
Hannibal…Released prisoners (even if for political
reasons)Treated the bodies of the fallen respectfullyGave Paullus (one of the generals in Cannae) a
dignified funeralBrave, confident, temperate, patient, praised
for sobrietyDescribed as treacherous
Almost singularly brought Rome to the brink of destruction
Estimated 400 towns destroyed and over 500,000 Romans killed
Instigated fear in the Romans for centuries to comeHe is belittled by the Romans in later centuries and
merely seen as an “enemy of Rome”Influenced great modern military commanders
such as NapoleonIs debated by many to be the greatest generals of
all time
Impact
http://www.answers.com/topic/hannibal-barca http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-hannibal.html http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-corinth146.html http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-punic3.html http://acaciatrilogy.blogspot.com/2005/01/misunderstanding-hannibal.html http://www.unrv.com/empire/third-punic-war.php http://wildfiregames.com/wordpress/the-game/history-articles/biographies/
biographies-carthaginian/hannibal-barca/ The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 15 (1989 Edition). Published by World
Book, Inc. pp906-7 The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 9 (1989 Edition). Published by World
Book, Inc. pp55-6 The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Micropaedia Ready Reference, Volume 5
(15th Edition). Published by Encyclopeaedia Britannica, Inc. pp5-29 Hannibal - Rome's Worst Nightmare (2006) Excel HSC Ancient History Book 2 Chapter 5 Boak and Sinnigen A History of Rome to AD. 565 Chapter 8, 9, 10
Bibliography