'MALAYAN' STYLE

MalaysiaMalaysia

It consists ofthirteen states and three federal territoriesand has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sqmi) separated by theSouth China Seainto two regions,Peninsular MalaysiaandMalaysian Borneo. The capital city isKuala LumpurEthnic groups 50.4%Malay23.7%Chinese11.0%Indigenous7.1%Indian7.8% OtherReligion is Islam (60.4%)Before Independence in 1957, it was accepted that there was no single recognizable style of 'Malayan' architecture. -Chen Voon Fee and Lim Teng Ngiom

'MALAYAN' STYLE

Basic houseformsBumbung panjangBumbung limaBumbung perakBumbung limas

Malaysia

Bumbung panjang (Longhouse) -The most common houseform -The simplest of the four houseforms -Simple gable roof, supported by kingposts -The most common roofing material used for the bumbung panjang is the attap (a thatch made from nipah and other palm trees found in the local natural vegetation). -Its simple funnel shape, the use of ventilationgrilles at its gable ends (tebar layar) and the use of ventilation jointsallow good ventilation of the roof, space which cools the houseeffectively.Malaysia

Bumbung lima -Developed through foreign influence. -The bumbung lima and bumbung perak houses are believed to have been influenced by colonial Dutch and British houseforms. -Has a hipped roof.

Malaysia

Bumbung perak -Also called bumbung potongan Belanda [Dutch-type] roof in the East Coast) is the most popular. -Developed through foreign influence. -Bumbung perak houses are believed to have been influenced by colonial Dutch and British houseforms.Malaysia

Bumbung limas -Has a pyramidal roof.Malaysia

-Anjung (stairs lead up to a covered porch) *Unfamiliar visitors andguests are entertained here. *It is also a favouriteplace for the house occupants to rest, chat and watch the goings-on and passers-by in the village.-Serambi gantung (hanging verandah) *This is the place where most guests are entertained. *allow for good ventilation and good views to the exterior.

Part of the House

Part of the House-Rumah ibu (the core house) *This is the largest area in the house where most activities are conducted *Sleeping, sewing, praying, ironing, studying and even feasting (kenduri)which is held during marriages and other festivals, all occur here. *expressed by its floor level being the highest in thehouse. -Selang *a closed walkway used to link the kitchen and the rumuh ibu together

*used by the womenfolk as a space to chat and socialise. *very effective linking device which leaves an open space between the two portions, allowing good ventilation andlighting for the house.-dapur (kitchen) *always situated at the back of the house

Part of the House

Climatic Design of the Malay House

Islam

IslamIslam was also brought to Malaysia byIndian Muslimtraders in the 12th century AD60.4%IslamTheTerengganu Stone Monumentwas found atKuala Berang,Terengganu (22 February 1303) Muslims cannot convert to another religion. (Shari'a courts)Bumiputera-The term comes from theSanskritwordbhumiputra, which can be translated literally as "son of land" (bhumi= earth or land,putra=son). It is also translated as "sons of the soil

Many women wear thetudong, which covers the head but leaves the face exposed, although there is no law requiring this.Regulation of sexual activities among the Muslim population is strictIslam

MosqueSultan Abu Bakar State Mosque

Located along Jalan Skudai,Johor Bahru, the mosque was constructed between 1892 and 1900, under the direction ofSultan Abu Bakar.Tuan Haji Mohamed Arif bin Punakwas the architect of the mosque

Sultan Abu Bakar State MosqueKampung Laut Mosque

the oldest surviving mosque inMalaysiadating to early 18th century.[1]It is located inTumpat,Kelantan.It was build with a with architectural styles that reflect most of the characteristics of traditional local architecture, and suitable to local climate, just like the local houses around the areaKampung Laut Mosque

Zahir Mosque

TheZahir MosqueisKedah's state mosque. It is located in the heart ofAlor Star, the state capital ofKedah,Malaysia.built in 1912The site of this mosque was the cemetery of Kedah warriors who had died while defending Kedah from theSiamesein 1821

Zahir Mosque

National Mosque of Malaysia

located inKuala LumpurIt has a capacity of 15,000 peopleThe mosque was built in 1965modern approach in reinforced concrete, symbolic of the aspirations of a then newly-independent Malaysia.(independencefrom theBritishgovernment on 31 August 1957)

National Mosque of Malaysia

Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque

located inShah Alamlargest mosque in malaysiasecond largest mosque inSoutheast AsiaConstruction began in 1982finished on 11 March, 1988The four minarets, each reaching 142.3 m (460 ft) above ground level[4]are the 2nd tallest in the world

Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque (Blue Mosque)

Putra Mosque

Principal mosque ofPutrajaya,MalaysiaConstruction of the mosque began in 1997 and was completed two years laterIt is located next toPerdana Putrawhich houses the Malaysian Prime Minister's office and man-madePutrajaya Lake

Putra Mosque

Hinduism and Buddhism

19.2%Buddhism6.3%HinduismBuddhism was introduced to theMalaysand also to the people of theMalay Archipelagoas early as 200 BCE.Malay-Buddhism began whenIndiantraders and priests traveling themaritimeroutes and brought with them Indian concepts of religion, government, and the arts.For centuries, caves - especially in southeast Asia - have been used by Hindus and Buddhists as places of worship, for meditation, for retreat.

Hinduism and Buddhism

TempleBATU CAVES

BATU CAVESCave templelocated inGombakdistrict, 13 kilometres (8mi) north ofKuala Lumpur,Malaysia.one of the most popularHindushrines outsideIndiadedicated to LordMurugan (God of Tamils)The limestone forming Batu Caves is said to be around 400 million years old.Batu Caves was promoted as a place of worship byK. Thamboosamy Pillai, an Indian trader. He was inspired by the 'vel'-shaped entrance of the main cave and was inspired to dedicate a temple toLord Murugawithin the caves.

In 1890, Pillai, who also founded theSri Mahamariamman Temple, Kuala Lumpur, installed themurti(consecrated statue) of Sri Subramania Swamy in what is today known as the Temple Cave.Wooden steps up to the Temple Cave were built in 1920272 steps to the cathedral cave.

BATU CAVESGolden Statue of Lord Murugan

Completed: January 2006Cost: RM2.5 millionHeight: 43 meters or 135 feet;Materials used: 300 liters of gold paint, 1550 cubic meters of concrete.Tallest statue of Lord Murugan in the world.Malaysian Book of Records: Tallest Hindu deity in Malaysia.

Entrance Shrine at Batu Caves

Interior of Batu Caves

Lord Murugan Temple inside Batu Caves

Kek Look Tong

Kek Look Tongused as early as 1920 as a place of worshipIn 1960, the cave became part of an iron mining site operated by the late Mr. Chooi Ah Kee.Mr. Chooi started clean up of a small prayer section of the cave, originally named 'Tien Hou GongIn 1982, 'Tien Hou Gong' was handed over by the son of Mr. Chooi to a non-profit charitable organization, Kek Look Seah and the cave temple was renamed 'Kek Look Tong'.Sam Poh Tong ( Chinese Temple )

Perak Tong ( Chinese Temple )

Kek Lok Si

Kek Lok Si"Temple of Supreme BlissIt is the largest Buddhist temple inSoutheast AsiaThe construction of the temple began in 1890 and was inspired by the chiefmonkof theGoddess of Mercy TempleatPitt Street. With the support of the consular representative ofChinain Penang,In 1930, the seven storey mainpagodaof the temple or the Pagoda of 10,000Buddhas, was completed

Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Kuala Lumpur

the oldest and richestHindutemple inKuala LumpurFounded in 1873In 1968, a new structure was built, featuring the ornate 'Raja Gopuram' tower in the style of South Indian temples.The Sri Mahamariamman Temple was founded byK. Thamboosamy Pillaiin 1873 and was initially used as a private shrine by the Pillai family.The family threw the temple doors open to the public in the late 1920sSri Mahamariamman Temple, Kuala Lumpur

Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Kuala Lumpur

Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Kuala Lumpur(main shrine)

Dayabumi Complex

Dayabumi ComplexKuala Lumpur,Malaysia near theNational MosqueWhite Elephant due to the high cost spent for its construction compared to its benefits.Construction began in 14 February 1982 to 1984Dayabumi Tower (35 storeys)Commercial officesMenara Telekom

Menara Telekomheadquarters ofTelekom MalaysiainKuala Lumpur.It is 310m (1,017ft) tall (55 floors)The complex also includes a theatre able to seat a 2,500 audiencea large prayer hall (surau) and a sports facilityconstructed between 1998 and 2001

The Troika

Kuala Lumpur,MalaysiaThe three towers will be 160m (520ft) with 38 storeys, 177m (581ft) with 44 storeys and 204m (669ft) with 50 storeys (38, 44 & 50 storeys high)2006-2010

The Troika