WELCOME

Usharani K PLecturer in Special EducationKVM College of Special Education Cherthala

What is standardized testing?

Standardized tests are any tests that are administered and scored in a pre-specified, standard

manner

The same questions and/or tasks are required of each test-takerThe same information is provided to each test-taker immediately before and during the test Each test-taker has the same amount of time allowed to take the testResponses are scored in the same way

Standardized tests are usually used in large-scale settings in an attempt to assess the performance of students across whole schools, districts, states, and nations

For this reason, standardized tests are often also referred to as large-scale assessments

In practice, large-scale testing has led to some limitations.

In theory, standardized tests are not limited to any particular assessment approach. They just need to be standard in their approach.

But in practice, standardized tests usually use easy-to-score and easy-to-administer kinds of items, such as multiple choice and short answer. This is because of the large-scale in which they are used and the cost and complication of scoring other more complex forms of student work.

What is the effect of these limits of large-scale

assessment?

Reliance on multiple-choice items limits the depth at whicha test can probe for students’ understanding and thinking.

This is one reason why standardized test scores should not be the only measure of a student’s knowledge and performance.

• There are two major types of standardized tests

Standardized test

Achievement test Aptitude test

Achievement tests

(designed to measure students’ specific knowledge and skills).

Examples include: California Achievement Tests, Stanford Achievement Tests, Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills, Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, Metropolitan Achievement Tests.

• Aptitude tests (designed to predict how well students are likely

to perform in another setting—like college).

Examples include: SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) and ACT.

• There are two major ways of scoring

Norm-referenced Test (scoring is based on comparing a student’s score to that of other students)

Criterion-referenced Test (scoring is based on how well the student has mastered the content of the test).

Intelligence

Intelligence is the global capacity of a person to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment.

• First intelligence test was introduced in1905 by Alfred Binet

• The important of IQ was introduced by William Steon in 1912. • IQ= MA X 100 CA

Now varieties of test are available for assessment of intelligence based on IQ

1. Individual/group test2. Verbal/nonverbal/performance3. Speed/power test

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test 

The standford-Binet intelligence test is a standardized test that

assess intelligence and cognitive abilities in children and adults aged

2-23

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of

Intelligence

The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) is

an intelligence test designed for children ages 2 years 6 months to 7

years 3 months

Binet-Kamat Test of Intelligence

Indian adaption by Kamat. This is for 3 years to adult

Malins Intelligence Scale for Indian children

Indian adptation by Malin adapted the original scale of Weschler’s

intelligence scale for childrens. This is for 16b years of age.

Bhatia’s Battery of performance test of intelligence

Indian adaptation Bhatia. It is for the age of 11 years and above

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is a test designed to

measure intelligence in adults and older adolescents

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), developed by David Wechsler, is an individually administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and 16 inclusive that can be completed without reading or writing. The WISC takes 65–80 minutes to administer and generates an IQ score which represents a child's general cognitive ability.

Aptitude

An aptitude is a combination of characteristics indicative of an individual’s capacity to acquire some specific knowledge, skills or set of organized responses’ such as the ability to speak language, to do mechanical work.

Aptitude testing

Aptitude tests measures or assess the degree or level of one’s special bent or flair

• Types of Aptitude testing

Specialized Aptitude tests

Mechanical

Musical

Professional and Scholastic

• Mechanical Aptitude tests Mechanical tests is to test sensory and

motor capacities and abilities of an individual in order to assess his chances of success in mechanical pursuits.

Mechanical Aptitude tests

Minnesota mechanical assembly testMinnesota spatial relations testThe revised Minnesota power form board(1948)Bennet tests of mechanical comprehensionS.R.A. mechanical aptitude testMechanical aptitude test battery by Dr. A.N. Sharma (published by National Psychological Cooperation, Agra)A battery of mechanical aptitude tests (Hindi) prepared by mano-vigyanshala,Allahabad

Musical Aptitude testsThese tests have been devised for discovering musical talent.

Eg: Seashore measure of musical talent

Professional Aptitude tests and Scholastic Aptitude tests

Test have been designed for the selection of students for admission to specific courses or professions

TESTS OF SCHOLOSTIC AND PROFESSIONAL APTITUDES

The American council of education scholastic aptitude test(ACE)Scholastic aptitude test (SAT) developed in U.S.AStandard scientific aptitude test by D.L. ZyveScience aptitude test (after secondary stage) N.I.E. Delhi. Moss scholastic aptitude test for medical students.Tale legal aptitude testPre-engineering ability test (Education Test Service, U.S.A)Minnesota engineering anagogical test

Teaching aptitude test by Jai Prakash and R.P Shrivastav,university of Sauger (M.P)Teaching Aptitude Test by Moss, F.A & others, George Wasington university pressTeaching aptitude test battery(Hindi) by Dr R.P Singh & S.N Sharma(published by National Psychological Cooperation, Agra)

GENERAL APTITUDE TESTS

1. The General Aptitude Test Battery(GATB)Developed by the Employment Service Bureau of U.S.AThe GAT has proved to be one of the most successful

multiple aptitude batteries particularly for the purpose of job classification.2. Differential Aptitude Test (DAT)

Developed by U.S psychological corporation, has been adapted in Hindi for use in India by S.M.Ojha

DAT has proved very successful in predicting academic success and has been found specially useful for providing educational and vocational guidance to secondary children

Comprehensive ability battery-developed by Sheridian psychological service USA

Guilford-Zimmerman aptitude survey

PERSONALITY

Personality is the sum total of activities that can be discovered by actual observations over a long enough period of time to give reliable information

Techniques

ObservationSituational testQuestionnairePersonality inventoryRating scaleInterview

PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES1. The Rorschach Inkblot Test:

Developed by Harmann Roeschach

2. TAT or Thematic Apperception Test

Introduced by Henry Murray to measure the need for achievementFully developed by for the assessment of personality with the help of

the psychologist C.D MorganIt consists of thirty pictures which portray human beings in a variety of

actual life situationCAT –Children’s Apperception Test

Developed by Dr. Leopold Bellak.. Its for children between three and ten years.

4. Word Association Test5. Sentence completion Tests

Achievement Tests

One frequent use of standardized achievement tests is to identify students who perform below, at the same level,or above their peers. That is, the utility of achievement test results in the screening process is in identifying students who need further assessment.

Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT)Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (KTEA)Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement (WJ)

INTEREST

Interest as feeling of liking associated with a reaction either actual or imagined, to a specific thing or situation

ChecklistVerbalNon-VerbalThe wide range interest opinion testGuest picture interest inventoryReading-Free vocational interest inventory

ATTITUDE

Attitude denotes the sum total of man’s inclination and feeling, prejudice, pre-conceived notions, ideas, fears, threats, and convictions about any specific objects.

1. Remmer’s master type testDevelopment generalized scale to measure attitudes

towards any one of class of attitude, objects such- school, subject and vocations

2. Likert type scaleThe statements are tasted that reflect favorable and unfavorable attitude about an object.

3. Teachers attitude test(national psychological corporation agra)The purpose of the scale is to measure the attitude of practicing and prospective teachers towards teaching profession

Thank you