GROUP 9PRESENTATION

BSED 1 (ST. Joseph)

Objectives:•To understand what is Rossi-Forel Scale and who are the 2 persons involved.•To be able to understand what will going to do during and after an earthquake. • Discuss some information's about Active and Inactive Volcanoes in the Philippines.• List the definititive characteristics that quality, certain Earth materials as minerals.•Demonstrate an understanding of the International System of Units.•To be able to understand measurements in both the English system of units and the SI (System International ) system of units.•To understanding a Weather Map is to understand the Weather Symbols that are used on the Map.

Cherry Grisola

ROSSI-FOREL SCALE

An arbitrary numerical scale of intensity of seismic

disturbances ranging from one for a barely perceptible

tremor to 10 for an earthquake of the highest

intensity.

Michele Stefano Conte de

Rossi and François-Alphonse Forel

The Rossi–Forel Scale was one of the first seismic scales to reflect

earthquake intensities. Developed by Michele Stefano Conte De

Rossi of Italy and François-Alphonse Forel of Switzerland in the late 18th century, it was used for about two decades until the introduction of

the Mercalli intensity scale in 1902.

The 1873 version of the Rossi–Forel Scale had 10 intensity levels:

• I. Micro seismic tremor

• II. Extremely feeble tremor

• III. Feeble tremor

• IV. Slight tremor

• V. Moderate tremor

• VI. Strong tremor

• VII. Very strong tremor

• VIII. Damaging tremor

• IX. Devastating tremor

• X. Extremely high intensity tremor

Richter Magnitude

Scale

The Richter magnitude scale (also Richter scale) assigns a magnitude

number to quantify the energy released by an earthquake. The Richter

scale is a base-10 logarithmic scale, which defines magnitude as the

logarithm of the ratio of the amplitude of the seismic waves to an arbitrary,

minor amplitude.

Charles F. Richter

Charles F. Richter, renowned seismologist, is a professor emeritus of seismology at the

California Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D. from Caltech in 1928. He is best known

to the public for the Richter magnitude scale and he is equally recognized in the scientific

community for his books Elementary Seismology and Seismicity of the

Earth (coauthored with B. Gutenberg, 1954). Dr. Richter is probably the only man in the world

who has a seismograph in his living room. Now 71, he retired from Caltech in July 1970.

Seismometers

Seismometers are instruments that measure motions of the ground,

including those of seismic waves generated

by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other seismic sources. Records of seismic waves allow seismologists to

map the interior of the Earth, and locate and measure the size of these

different sources.

GladysCunanan

How can Earthquake damage be reduced?

• In areas where earthquakes are likely, knowing where to build and how to build can help reduce injury, loss of life, and property damage during a quake. Knowing what to do when a quake strikes can also help prevent injuries and deaths.

What to do during an

Earthquake?

What to do immediately

after an Earthquake?

•Check yourself and others for injuries . •Check water , gas and electric lines for damage.•Turn on the radio . Don’t use the phone unless it’s an emergency.•Stay out of damage buildings.•Be careful around broken glass and debris.•Be careful of chimneys(they may fall on you)•Stay away from beaches.•Stay away from damage areas.•If you’re at school or work , follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the person in charge.•Expect aftershocks.

Elsa Magpantay

Top Ten(10) Most Active Volcanoes in

the Philippines

1.) Mount Mayon –Albay

Mount Mayon, one of the most impressive Philippine landmarks, with an elevation of 2,462 meters is the

most active volcano in the Philippines. Based on recorded history of the country, this almost perfect

cone volcano in Albay erupted at least 50 times from 1616 up to present.

One of the most remarkable and most devastating eruptions of Mount Mayon was its eruption in 1766

that erased the town of Cagsawa in the Philippine map. Only the bell tower of Cagsawa Church remained above

the new surface. Its last eruption was in January 2010.

2.) Taal Volcano- BatangasTaal Volcano, situated within Taal Lake, has

always been known to be one of the most active volcanoes in the country and in fact tagged as the world’s most active smallest volcano. This

volcano located in Batangas province had erupted 33 times from 1572 to present.

Its last eruption occurred in July 2009 and is currently closely monitored for its abnormal

activities which may result to another eruption of this small but very active volcano. It has an

elevation of 400 meters.

3.) Mount Kanlaon – Negros OrientalWith an elevation of 2.435 meters, one of the most active Philippine volcanoes is Mount Kanlaon or

Kanlaon Volcano. It had erupted at least 25 times already from 1886 up to

present. It last major eruption happened in 1996 and had been

permanently monitored since then,

4.) Mount Bulusan – SorsogonThis volcano with an elevation of

1,565 meters had erupted 15 times already from 1886 up to 2007. It has been closely monitored since

its last eruption in 2007. This active volcano is located in the so-called

“little Switzerland of the Philippines” – the province of

Sorsogon.

5.) Mount Makaturing – Lanao del Sur

Not as popular as the Taal and Mayon volcanoes but Mount Makaturing, one

of the ‘top ten highest mountains in the Philippines’, is also one of the most active volcanoes in the country. It has an elevation of 1,940 meters and had

erupted 10 times since 1882.

6. a) Musuan Volcano – BukidnonAnother not-so-famous volcano is

Musuan Volcano located in the province of Bukidnon. With an

elevation of 646 meters only, it is one of the most active volcanoes in the

Philippines and had erupted 8 times in a span of 21 years from 1866 to 1887. Its last threatening activity of strong seismic swarm occurred in 1976 but

has not erupted since then.

6. b) Mount Ragang – Lanao del SurMount Ragang in Lanao del Sur, which

is another tall mountain in the Philippines, is another active volcano

that had erupted 8 times and tied with Musuan Volcano as the countries 6th most active volcano. Its last recorded

eruption happened in 1916 or 94 years ago.

7. a) Didicas Volcano - CagayanOne of the smallest and most

active volcanoes in the Philippines is Dicicas Volcano located in Cagayan province.

With an elevation of 244 meters only it had already erupted 7 times from 1773 up to 1990.

7. b) Hibok-Hibok – CamiguinMount Hibok-Hibok, one of the most popular volcanoes in the Philippines, had already erupted 7 times since the

recorded history of the Philippines. With an elevation of 1,552 meters, this volcano’s first recorded eruption was in 1827 and the last was in 1952. It is tied

with Didicas as the 7th most active volcanoes in the Philippines.

8.) Smith Volcano – CagayanMount Smith in Cagayan

province with an elevation of 688 meters above sea level had

erupted 6 times already and the last known eruption of this active Philippine volcano was recorded

in 1924.

9. a) Babuyan Claro – CagayanBabuyan Claro, an active

volcano in Cagayan province, has an elevation of 1,080 meters above sea level. It

erupted in 1831, 1860, 1913 and its last eruption was in

1917.

9. b) Mount Banahaw – QuezonTied at 9th place as the most active

volcanoes in the Philippines is Mount Banahaw in Quezon

province. It has an elevation of 2,158 meters and had erupted 4 times since 1730 up to 1909. The

mountain is considered 'sacred' by the residents of the area.

10. a) Dequey Volcano – BatanesDequey Volcano, an underwater

volcano, is located in the smallest province of the Philippines –

Batanes. With an elevation of -24 meters above sea level, it has been

known to have erupted 3 times -1773, 1850 and 1854. It is

considered as Philippine most active undersea volcano.

10. b.) Mount Parker – CotabatoAnd for the last spot as the

Philippines most active volcanoes is Mount Parker, an active volcano

located in Cotabato. With an elevation of 1,824, its earliest

known recorded eruption occurred in 1800 BCE and its last major

eruption was in 1641.

Top Ten(10) In-Active

Volcanoes in the Philippines

1.)Mount AtimbiaMountain is drawn on the National

Geospatial Agency (NGA) Map. Mount Atimbia is located in the Laguna Area

of the Country of Philippines. The Mountain is located at the latitude and

longitude coordinates of 14.15 and 121.366389.

2.) Mount Bagacay- CamarinesNorte

Mount Bagacay is a mountain and is located in Province of

Camarines Norte, Bicol, Philippines. The elevation

above sea level is 787 metres.

3.) Mount Balikabok-Zambales

Balikabok is next to Mount Dangas and is located in Province of Zambales,

Central Luzon, Philippines

4.) Mount Bangcay-Nueva EcijaMount Bangcay is a 1,339 ft / 408 m mountain peak near

Paitan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Based on peakery data, it ranks as the 1439th highest mountain

in Philippines.

5.) Mount Batuan-SorsogonMount Batuan (Mount Batuan) is a mountain (class T - Hypsographic)

in Bicol (Sorsogon), Philippines (Asia) with the region font code of

Asia/Pacific. It is located at an elevation of 98 meters above sea

level.

6.) Mount Caraycaray-BiliranAn elevation standing high

above the surrounding area with small summit area,

steep slopes and local relief of 300m or more.

7.) Mount Mapula- LagunaMount Mapula is a hill and

is located in Province of Laguna, Calabarzon,

Philippines. The elevation above sea level is 209

metres.

8.) Mount Talomo-DavaoMt. Talomo is the guardian mountain

and volcanic edifice of the revered Mt. Apo, the highest mountain in the Philippines. Due to its prominence,

and on its own right one of the highest mountains in the Philippines,

Mt. Talomo is an emerging hiking

destination in Southern Mindanao.

9.) Mount Lobo- BatangasThere are three proximate, almost

interconnecting mountains in Southern Batangas, straddling the southern

coast of Luzon: from east to west, Mt. Daguldol, Mt. Lobo, and Mt.

Banoi. Locals actually refer to the entire mountainous area as Lobo,

further suggesting the unity of these peaks.

10.) Mount Makiling- LagunaMount Makiling, or Mount Maquiling, is

a dormant volcano in Laguna province on the island of Luzon, Philippines. The mountain rises to an elevation of 1,090 m (3,580 ft) above mean sea

level and is the highest feature of the Laguna Volcanic Field. The volcano has no recorded historic eruption

but volcanism is still evident through geothermal features like mud spring and hot springs. South of the mountain is the Makiling-Banahaw Geothermal Plant.

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) classify the volcano as

potentially active.

MegReyes

10 Common Minerals of the

Earths Crust, their Uses and

Occurrences

BariumA heavy metal contained in barite. Used as a heavy additive in oil well

drilling; in the paper and rubber industries; as a filler or extender in cloth, ink and plastics products; in

radiography ("barium milkshake"); as a deoxidizer for copper; a sparkplug in

alloys; and in making expensive white pigments.

ChromiteThe U.S. consumes about 6 percent of

world chromite ore production in various forms of imported materials, such as

chromite ore, chromite chemicals, chromium ferroalloys, chromium metal and

stainless steel. Used as an alloy and in stainless and heat resisting steel products.

Used in chemical and metallurgical industries (chrome fixtures, etc

CobaltUsed primarily in super alloys for aircraft gas

turbine engines, in cemented carbides for cutting tools and wear-resistant applications, chemicals (paint dryers, catalysts, magnetic coatings) and

permanent magnets. The United States has cobalt resources in Minnesota, Alaska, California,

Idaho, Missouri, Montana and Oregon. Cobalt production comes principally from Congo, China, Canada, Russia, Australia and Zambia. The U.S.

was 78 percent import reliant in 2012.

CopperUsed in building construction, electric and

electronic products (cables and wires, switches, plumbing, heating);

transportation equipment; roofing; chemical and pharmaceutical machinery; and alloys (brass, bronze and beryllium

alloyed with copper are particularly vibration resistant); alloy castings;

electroplated protective coatings and undercoats for nickel, chromium, zinc, etc.

GoldUsed in jewelry and arts; dentistry and medicine; in medallions and coins; in

ingots as a store of value; for scientific and electronic instruments; as an

electrolyte in the electroplating industry. Mined in Alaska and several western states. Leading producers are China, Australia, United States, Russia and

Canada.

LeadUsed in lead-acid batteries, gasoline additives (now being eliminated) and tanks, and solders, seals or

bearing; used in electrical and electronic applications; TV tubes and glass, construction,

communications and protective coatings; in ballast or weights; ceramics or crystal glass; X-ray and

gamma radiation shielding; soundproofing material in construction industry; and ammunition.

Industrial type batteries are used as a source of uninterruptible power equipment for computer and telecommunications networks and mobile

power.

ManganeseOre is essential to iron and steel

production. Also used in the making of manganese ferroalloys.

Construction, machinery and transportation end uses account for

most U.S. consumption of manganese. Manganese ore has not

been produced in the U.S. since 1970.

NickelVital as an alloy to stainless steel; plays key role in the chemical and aerospace

industries. End uses were transportation, fabricated metal products, electrical equipment, petroleum and chemical industries, household appliances and

industrial machinery. Major producers are the Philippines, Indonesia, Russia,

Australia and Canada.

SulfurUsed in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, fertilizers, petroleum refining; and metal mining. Elemental sulfur and by product sulfuric acid were

produced in over 100 operations in 26 state and the Virgin Islands. The U.S., Canada, China and Germany

are major producers.

ZincOf the total zinc consumed in the U.S.,

about 55 percent was used in galvanizing, 21 percent in zinc-based

alloys, 16 percent in brass and bronze, and 8 percent in other uses. Zinc compounds and dust were used

principally by the agriculture, chemical, paint, and rubber industries.

Darlene Faye Noay

International System of

Units:

• A complete metric system of units of measurement for scientists;

fundamental quantities are length(meter) and

mass(kilogram) and time (second) and electric

current(ampere) and temperature (kelvin) and

amount of matter (mole) and luminous intensity (candela). The International

System of Units, universally abbreviated SI (from the French Le Système International d’Unités), is

the modern metric system of measurement. Long the dominant system used in science, the SI is rapidly becoming the dominant measurement

system used in international commerce.

International System of Units

SI system of Units

• The SI system of units (often referred to as the metric system) is the official system for measurements in nearly all countries of the world, but not in US. As our society and economy become more global in scope’ it is increasingly important to fully comprehend both the English and the SI system of units and to accurately and conveniently convert from one system to another.

S/1 metric to English Conversion

Weather Map

Symbols

• Weather map symbols were created as a method of reporting meteorological data in mass quantities to weather analyzing agencies such as the National Weather Service. The symbols are a form of shorthand used when writing out the information longhand becomes difficult.