Presentation Vietnam
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Transcript of Presentation Vietnam
VIETNAM, 1946-75 (the 10 000 Day War)
US Cold War Foreign Policy
Political differences/conflicts between the US and USSR - capitalism vs communism
The Domino Theory
If the communists control China and Southeast Asia,Japan and, eventually, the US. could be threatened
ContainmentStopping the spread of communism
The Vietnam War
1954 - 1975
PHASE 1 - A WAR OF COLONIAL INDEPENDENCE
Vietnam had been a French colony under the name of French Indochina
Vietnam began to fight for independence from France during WW II
In 1941, the Japanese invaded Vietnam
The revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh gained control of North Vietnam and declared Vietnam's independence in 1945
The French tried to regain control
Communist China supported North Vietnam, the US supported the French
The colonial war (1946-54) ended in French defeat at Dien Bien Phu
In 1954, Vietnam was split into a communist North and a democratic South Vietnam led by Ngo Dinh Diem
No general election to unite Vietnam in 1956
Ho Chi Minh & the Viet Cong (NLF) started a guerilla war against the US & S. Vietnam
Dictatorial rule by Diem
Diems family held all power
Rich elite
Buddhist majority persecuted
Torture, no political freedom
Eisenhower sent financial and military aid
675 U.S. Army advisors sent by 1960.
Rule under Diem
Early Protests of Diems Government
Burning Body of a Buddhist Monk
PHASE 2 AMERICAN ESCALATION AND MILITARY INVOLVEMENT
In 1963 JFK supported a Vietnamese military coup detat Diem was killed
Gulf of Tonkin Incident, 1964
- Lyndon B. Johnson sent troops in 1965
The Ground War began
- Viet Cong set up the Ho Chi Minh Trail
- The US was unprepared for theVietcong guerrilla warfare
The Ground War 1965-1968
Cu-Chi Tunnels
The US was not able to shut down the Ho Chi Minh Trail
The Air War 1965-1968
1965: Bombing of North Vietnam
Operation Rolling Thunder (March 2, 1965)
1966-68: Ongoing bombing of Hanoi nonstop for 3 years,especially along the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
Downed pilots: P.O.W.s
Carpet Bombing napalm
A Napalm Attack
Vietnam was the first living room war where American audiences saw the brutality of war
Body counts on TV every night
US losses saw an increase in antiwar sentiment in America
TV War
N. Vietnamese Army + Viet Cong attack 100 cities,
bases, and the US embassy in Saigon
ConsequencesThe US defeated the Viet Cong
Viet Cong destroyed
N. Vietnamese army debilitated
Seen as an American defeat by the media
Anger, distrust of LB Johnson's administration
The Tet Offensive, 1968
Hey, Hey LBJ! How many kids did you kill today?
Unfair representation of poor people and minorities.Major racial problemsMajor drug problemsMen in combat for 12 months
American morale becomes low
Hell no, we wont go!
Anti-War Demonstrations
Columbia University 1967
My Lai Massacre, 1968
Charlie Company, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry
Lt. William Calley,Platoon Leader
200-500 unarmed villagers
Democratic Convention in Chicago, 1968
Student Protestors at Univ. of CA in Berkeley, 1968
Anti-War Demonstrations
Anti-War Demonstrations
Counterculture grew (Hippies, Flower Children, etc.) protests increased and polarized the nation
The Kent State Massacre
May 4, 19704 students shot dead11 students woundedJackson State UniversityMay 10, 19702 dead; 12 wounded
PHASE 3 VIETNAMESE CIVIL WAR, 1973-75
Nixon promised an end to the war: Peace with Honor
Nixon introduced Vietnamization (1969)
Expansion of the conflict: The Secret War & Agent Orange
Pentagon Papers, 1971 revealed American intentions in Vietnam
In 1973, North and South Vietnam, the Viet Cong and the US signed a peace agreement
The NVA defeated the South by 1975
In 1975, the US left Saigon
South Vietnamese escaping
A United Communist Vietnam
26th Amendment: vote for 18-year-olds
Nixon abolished the draft all-volunteer army
War Powers Act, 1973 Reaffirms Congresss constitutional right to declare war.
Changes in the Law
President Clinton formally recognized Vietnam on
July 11, 1995
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