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Recent Trends
in the Mergers & Acquisitions
and Private Equity Markets
August 31, 2007
Charles Uhrig
Managing Director – Raymond James
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Section 1
Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
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Mergers & Acquisitions Overview
Thru 6/30/07, domestic M&A activity was occurring at a record pace / annualized at ~$1.8 trillionfor 2007
Over $400 billion in bank debt / high-yield backlog is currently causing “digestion” problems
Driven by increased levels of both strategic and financial buyer interest
Key drivers include:
– Availability of higher levels of debt
– Availability of lower cost debt
– Healthy corporate balance sheets
– Activist investor focus on increased profitability and growth
– Dramatic growth in number and size of private equity firms
– Increase in acquisitions in U.S. by non U.S. companies
Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
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Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
Domestic M&Aactivity hasreboundedstrongly overthe 2002-2006period.
M&A Deal Volume and Number of Transactions(Figures in $ Billions)
*Source: Securities Data Corporation. 2007 YTD is as of 6/30/07.
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1 9 9 0 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7
YTD
Value ($B)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Transactions
Value of Transactions Number of Transactions
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Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
Quarterlydomestic M&Aactivity hasincreasedconsistentlysince 2002.
M&A Deal Volume and Number of Transactions(Figures in $ Billions)
*Source: Securities Data Corporation.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
3/02 6/02 9/02 12/02 3/03 6/03 9/03 12/03 3/04 6/04 9/04 12/04 3/05 6/05 9/05 12/05 3/06 6/06 9/06 12/06 3/07 6/07
Value ($B)
1,000
1,250
1,500
1,750
2,000
2,250
2,500
2,750
3,000
Transactions
Value of Transactions Number of Transactions
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Common Reasons Given for M&A Activity
Gain economies of scale
Cross selling opportunities
Increased market share / Pricing power
Cost rationalization opportunities / Synergies
Geographic expansion
Vertical integration / Control of supply chain
Diversification
Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
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Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
The followinggraphiccompares themedianhistoricalacquisitionpurchase priceto EBITDA
multiples paid byfinancial andstrategic buyers.
Trends in Purchase Price to EBITDA Multiples
*Source: Securities Data Corporation. 2007 YTD is as of 6/30/07.
5.0x
6.0x
7.0x
8.0x
9.0x
10.0x
11.0x
12.0x
13.0x
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
YTD
Financial Buyers Strategic Buyers
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Average Debt Multiples
Average debt multiples have increased consistently since 2001.
Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
*Source: Standard & Poors LCD.
Average Debt Multiples of Highly Leveraged Loans
2.6x 2.7x 2.8x3.3x
3.6x 3.6x3.1x 3.2x 3.1x
2.5x 2.5x 2.7x3.0x
3.6x4.0x 4.1x
5.9x
2.4x2.5x 2.5x
1.9x
2.3x 2.1x
2.0x1.5x
1.2x
1.2x
1.6x1.7x
1.9x
1.8x
1.7x1.8x
1.5x
0.0x
1.0x
2.0x
3.0x
4.0x
5.0x
6.0x
7.0x
8.0x
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Q1 07 Q2 07
D
e b t M u l t i p l e
Bank Debt / EBITDA Non-Bank Debt / EBITDA
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Florida M&A Deal Volume and Number of Transactions(Figures in $ Billions)
Middle market($10-$250million) M&Atransactions in
Florida haveincreased since2001, but not asdramatically asthe overall M&Amarket.
*Source: SDC
Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
1.9
2.7 2.62.8
2.6
4.2
5.6
3.6
7.2
5.2
9.6 9.6
5.6
5.9
2.3 2.2
2.1
2.3 2.9
4.8
6.6
8.9
10.1
7.4
3.8
4.9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 9 8 2 1 9 8 3 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 5 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 7 1 9 8 8 1 9 8 9 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 YTD
2 0 0 7
Value ($B)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Transactions
Value of Transactions Number of Transactions
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Venture Capital: IPO Market in the U.S.
13 Venture Capital-backed IPOs in 1Q 07
– Same as the year-ago quarter
56 Venture Capital-backed IPOS over the trailing twelve months
– 47 IPOs in previous 12 months
Venture-backed M&A was $9.4 BB in 1Q 07
– Compared to $8.4 BB in 1Q 06
Venture-backed M&A was $32.6 BB over ther trailing twelve months
– Compared to $31.2 BB in previous 12 months
Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
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U.S. Venture Backed Liquidity Events
Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
Percentage Breakdown of Venture Backed Liquidity Events
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1H07
IPOs M&A
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Key Drivers of U.S. M&A Activity: Shareholders and Directors
Institutional Investors
– More vocal about their strategies to maximize shareholder value, including potential
restructurings or divestitures
– Proposing that directors be more closely aligned with shareholders and more responsive to
their views
– More willing to vote down management proposals
Board of Directors
– Boards realize that for the courts to grant deference to their decisions, they must act with
independence and integrity
– Directors are more active in the overall business review process
– Directors are more involved in demanding value-enhancing activity and review M&A
proposals more closely
Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
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Practical Considerations for Acquirers
Institutional shareholders are growth-driven and will reward strategic decisions that are value-accretive, without significantly decreasing Free Cash Flow per Share.
M&A should be a critical component of most companies’ business strategy and an important
contributor to growth targets.
– Seek growth areas that align with strategic focus and competencies
– Divest where necessary to increase focus on core business
Companies should promote internal processes that facilitate capitalism on M&A opportunities.
Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
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Practical Considerations for Sellers
Focus first on creating value as a stand-alone business
– Do not assume sale is the optimal or only path to liquidity
– Robust businesses garner greater value as acquirers value complete teams and the
availability of an IPO alternative creates a valuation benchmark– Patience is often the key
Key to extracting a premium valuation in a sale of the business is to create competition – must
bring multiple parties to the table.
– Remember that nobody gets married on the first date
– Alternative transactions can be just as effective in creating pressure
Always have sufficient capital and an “escape plan” if a transaction is not successful
Understate and over-deliver on promises
–
Credibility lost cannot be regained– Clean the cupboards; disclose issues and mitigate them
People are important; establish relationships of trust
Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
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Major Causes of “Failed” Deals
Poor assessment of strategic fit
Lack of ability to manage acquired operations
– Distract from core business
Insufficient due diligence
– Undiscovered financial problems
– Customer/technology issues
Loss of key personnel
Poor analysis of financial consequences of a transaction
Poor cultural fit
Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
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Where is the M&A Market Headed from Here?
The next six to twelve months should see moderation in M&A activity from recent levels.Strategic buyers will still be active for the following reasons:
– Companies are realizing that they need to scale to ensure business model viability
– Companies are moving away from an internal/restructuring focus to an
external/growth/consolidation strategy
– “Corporate clarity” still a strong theme
– Most industries are only partially through the consolidation process
– Macroeconomic conditions continue to offer a favorable backdrop to M&A activity
– Relatively strong corporate balance sheets
Private Equity buyers are likely to reduce their levels of activity due to:
– Increased cost of debt
– Reduced availability of debt
– Need to close current backlogs
– Potential tax law changes could increase Private Equity hurdle rates
Recent Trends in the Mergers & Acquisitions Market
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Section 2
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
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Private Equity Environment – 2006 Review
Globally, 612 new funds held a final close during 2006
Raised a record $401 billion in aggregate of new commitments far surpassing the previous record
total of $311 billion set in 2005
311 new U.S. funds comprised 63% of the total commitments ($252 billion)
Europe comprised 27% of all capital raised through 168 funds ($108 billion)
133 funds in the rest of the world raised $41 billion in private equity capital
The ever increasing amount of committed capital has turned the focus of private equity firms tolarge scale deals and has set the stage for the largest deal volume in the history of the industry.
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
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Private Equity Environment – Fundraising
U.S. private equity firms have raised $137 billion in 199 funds through the first half of 2007, a 42% increaseover the first half of 2006, and on pace to surpass the record total $252 billion raised in 2006.
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
U.S. Private Equity Annual Committed Capital
$0.6 $1.5 $3.5 $3.0 $5.2$16.1 $12.8$11.9 $9.5 $7.5 $12.6 $17.8
$24.6$32.8 $37.2
$52.4
$79.4$73.0
$89.6
$65.0
$45.7$38.8
$55.0
$173.5
$252.0
$137.0
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
1 9 8 2
1 9 8 3
1 9 8 4
1 9 8 5
1 9 8 6
1 9 8 7
1 9 8 8
1 9 8 9
1 9 9 0
1 9 9 1
1 9 9 2
1 9 9 3
1 9 9 4
1 9 9 5
1 9 9 6
1 9 9 7
1 9 9 8
1 9 9 9
2 0 0 0
2 0 0 1
2 0 0 2
2 0 0 3
2 0 0 4
2 0 0 5
2 0 0 6
1 H 0 7
Source: Venture Economics, The Private Equity Analyst, Buyouts, Private Equity Online and Dow Jones
( $
i n
b i l l i o n s )
1990 5 Buyout firms > $1 Billion
2006 250+ Buyout firms with > $1 Billion
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Private Equity Overview
Equity securities of companies that are not publicly traded
An umbrella term whose major categories include:
Venture capital
Mezzanine
Buyouts
Strategies include:
Geography (e.g. China)
Industry (e.g. Telecom)
Structure (e.g. Mezzanine)
Situation (e.g. Distressed securities)
Investors include:
Qualified individuals
Pension funds
Investment funds
Corporations
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
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Private Equity Overview
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Illiquid
High fees (2% annual fee and 20-25% of profits
plus transaction fees typical)
Difficult to mark to market
Rely on leverage to enhance returns
Historically attractive returns
Private – not subject to market gyrations or
distractions
Management / Board of Director / Owneralignment
RisksBenefits
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Private Equity Environment – Historical Returns
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Source: Thomson Financial / National Venture Capital Association
U.S. Private Equity Performance Index
9.26.64.28.210.8S&P
10.16.44.36.24.7Nasdaq
13.911.07.512.723.3All Private Equity12.98.510.414.624.5Buyout
8.56.14.15.012.6Mezzanine
16.6%20.3%1.0%9.1%16.4%Venture
20 Year10 Year5 Year3 Year1 YearFund Type
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Private Equity Environment – Historical Returns
The private equity market has consistently outperformed the S&P 500 over the last 10 years
However, private equity returns tend to trend with the overall market environment
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Source: Thomson Financial Note: Returns calculated based on cumulative return over five years.
LBO Top Quartile Returns Versus S&P Returns
-15.0%
-10.0%
-5.0%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Top Quartile Returns S&P Weighted Returns
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Private Equity Environment – 2006 Review
Large scale buyouts and an unprecedented volume of private equity transactions defined 2006, surpassing, intransaction value, all U.S. deals announced in 2003, 2004, 2005 in aggregate.
– According to Dealogic, during 2006, private equity firms announced acquisitions of U.S. companies for a totalvalue of approximately $563 billion.
The private equity market continues to target large scale transactions in the United States and abroad, in order to
invest ever increasing amounts of capital at an increasingly rapid pace.
2006 Large Scale Private Equity Transactions Announced or Closed
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
$39.0
33.5
26.8
25.6
21.6
17.1
16.6
13.9
11.5
11.2
10.99.0
8.7
8.3
5.9
5.5
5.1
Blackstone
Bain, KKR, ML PE
Bain, TH Lee
Apollo, TPG
GSCP, Carlyle, Riverstone, Management
SuperValu, CVS, Ceberus
Blackstone, Carlyle, Permira, TPG
MDP, Providence, TPG, TH Lee
Blackstone, Carlyle, KKR, TH Lee, H&F, Alpinvest
KKR, Silver Lake, Alpinvest, Bain, Apax
Blackstone, GS, KKR, TPGApollo
Allco, Macquarie, Onex, TPG
GSPC, TH Lee, JPMorgan Partners, Warburg, Management
Bain, Blackstone
Carlyle
KKR, GSCP
Equity Office Properties Trust
HCA Inc
Clear Channel Communications Inc
Harrah’s Entertainment Inc
Kinder Morgan Inc
Albertsons Inc
Freescale Semiconductor Inc
Univision Communications Inc
VNU NV
Philips Semiconductors
BiometRealogy
Qantas Airline
ARAMARK Corp
Michaels Stores Inc
Advanced Semiconductor
Kion Group
Transaction Value
($bn)Sponsors InvolvedTarget Name
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Private Equity Environment – 2007 Update
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
$26.5
6.0
46.1
5.6
15.9
10.3
6.48.9
8.1
7.3
27.8
8.1
7.4
7.8
7.1
8.2
25.6
30.8
8.5
6.0
7.4
44.2
9.2
Blackstone
Carlyle
Madison Dearborn, Providence
Onex, Carlyle
BC Partners
Bain Capital, CD&R, Carlyle
Madison Dearborn PartnersFortress, Centerbridge
Silver Lake, TPG
Madison Dearborn Partners
GS, TPG
Blackstone
Cerberus
Apax, OMERS Capital Partners
Clayton Dubilier & Rice, KKR
GS, KKR
BoA Equity Partners, FFL, JC Flowers
KKR
Cerberus
Clayton Dubilier & Rice
KKR
Citigroup, GSPC, KKR, LEH PE, MS PE, TPG
Farallon Capital, Simon Property Group
Hilton Hotels
Manor Care
BCE
Allison transmission
Intelesat
Home Depot Supply
Nuween InvestmentsPenn National Gaming
Avaya
CDW
Alltel
Alliance Data Systems
The Chrysler Group
Thomson Learning
U.S. Foodservice
Herman International Industries
SLM
First Data
Affiliated Computer Services
ServieMaster
Dollar General Corp
TXU
Mills Corp.
Transaction Value($bn)Sponsors InvolvedTarget Name
The private equity market in 2007 continues to deploy capital at unprecedented levels
Transaction sizes have continued to increase, fueled by aggressive leverage packages that have been maintainedthrough the first half of 2007
– Many of these transactions have covenant-lite structures with creative debt features such as the “toggle” note
– The third quarter of 2007 will be a deafening moment for private equity as debt buyers will be inundated withpaper from these large scale transactions
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Historical Buyout Dollar Volume
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Value of Completed U.S. Transactions
$28.9 $33.0
$56.7 $52.5$40.5
$19.5 $21.9
$47.0
$93.9
$130.3
$233.0
$248.3
$393.5
$-
$50.0
$100.0
$150.0
$200.0
$250.0
$300.0
$350.0
$400.0
$450.0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1H07 LTM
Source: Standard & Poor’s
( $
i n
b i l l i o n s )
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Buyout Volume Share of M&A Activity
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Est. Global Private Equity M&A Deal Volume ($bn)
$170.0 $197.0
$120.0$158.0
$203.0
$315.0
$616.0
$985.0
$1,096.0
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Annualized
Private Equity as a % of Total Global M&A Deal Volume
4%5%
6%
12% 13%
14%
20%
24% 24%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 YTD
Source: Thomson Financial
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Private Equity Environment – Average Transaction Size
The size of transactions has increased significantly since 2001, as private equity funds seek to
deploy large sums of capital in larger scale opportunities
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Average U.S. LBO Size by Total Sources
$516.0
$361.0 $403.0 $367.0 $351.0 $389.0$540.0
$716.0 $706.0
$972.0
$1,309.0
$2,407.8
$-
$500.0
$1,000.0
$1,500.0
$2,000.0
$2,500.0
$3,000.0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1H07
Source: S&P
( $ i n m i
l l i o n s )
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Private Equity Environment – Public to Private Transactions
As the private equity industry has evolved to encompass a larger portion of the total M&A market,
and private equity professionals have raised more capital, the access to public targets hasincreased.
Furthermore, activist hedge funds and stringent corporate governance issues have contributed to
take-private activity.
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Source: S&P
( $
i n
b i l l i o n s )
Public to Private Activity
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$80
1 Q 9 8
2 Q 9 8
3 Q 9 8
4 Q 9 8
1 Q 9 9
2 Q 9 9
3 Q 9 9
4 Q 9 9
1 Q 0 0
2 Q 0 0
3 Q 0 0
4 Q 0 0
1 Q 0 1
2 Q 0 1
3 Q 0 1
4 Q 0 1
1 Q 0 2
2 Q 0 2
3 Q 0 2
4 Q 0 2
1 Q 0 3
2 Q 0 3
3 Q 0 3
4 Q 0 3
1 Q 0 4
2 Q 0 4
3 Q 0 4
4 Q 0 4
1 Q 0 5
2 Q 0 5
3 Q 0 5
4 Q 0 5
1 Q 0 6
2 Q 0 6
3 Q 0 6
4 Q 0 6
1 Q 0 7
2 Q 0 7
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Public Valuation Multiples Have Moderated Over Time…
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Source: Portfolio Management Data, Morgan Markets, FactSet Note: (1) Average S&P 500 forward PE throughout the year (2) Average S&P 500 EV/LTM EBITDA throughout the year
Average S&P 500 P/E and EV/LTM EBITDA Multiples
24.0x
29.9x28.1x
24.5x
21.1x
18.5x
16.1x 15.9x
12.9x
11.0x 11.5x 11.2x 11.2x10.3x
9.7x 10.0x
0.0x
5.0x
10.0x
15.0x
20.0x
25.0x
30.0x
35.0x
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1H07
S&P 500 P/E S&P 500 EV/LTM EBITDA1 2
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But Private Purchase Multiples Have Expanded
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Source: Standard & Poor’s Note: Multiples exclude fees
Average Acquisiton Multiple (Purchase Price/EBITDA) for U.S. Transactions
6.7x
7.5x
7.9x
6.8x
6.4x6.1x
6.5x6.7x
7.1x
8.1x
8.6x
10.0x
0.0x
2.0x
4.0x
6.0x
8.0x
10.0x
12.0x
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1H07
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Leverage Multiples Increasing
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Source: Standard & Poor’s Note: (1) Excludes Media and Telecom loans
Average Total Debt/EBITDA for U.S. Transactions
5.0x4.9x
4.3x4.1x
3.5x
3.9x4.1x
4.6x
5.0x5.1x
6.2x
0.0x
1.0x
2.0x
3.0x
4.0x
5.0x
6.0x
7.0x
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1H07
(1)
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Equity Contribution Percentages
Consistent with the receptivity of higher leverage levels by the financing markets, private equity firms
have been decreasing the amount of equity contribution, further enhancing returns.
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Source: Standard & Poor’s
Equity/Total Enterprise Value for U.S Transactions
22.9%
30.0%31.7%
35.7%
37.8%
40.6% 40.0% 39.5%
35.1%
32.1%31.1%
30.3%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Q207
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Credit Quality of LBOs
Attractive capital markets have supported lower-rated and more highly leveraged buyouts
– The strength of the high yield market allowed sponsors to “push the envelope” on leverage ratios
– A significant portion of LBOs have slipped into the “CCC” rating category
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Average Leverage of High Yield LBOs
4.7x 4.8x 4.7x 4.6x
5.3x5.5x
6.1x
6.7x
0.0x
1.0x
2.0x
3.0x
4.0x
5.0x
6.0x
7.0x
8.0x
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 YTD
2007
(1) (2)
Percent of High Yield LBOs Rated CCC
0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
9.6%
24.1%
41.3%
46.1%
84.8%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 YTD
2007
(2)
Source: Lehman Brothers High Yield Capital Markets (1) Includes Media and Telecom loans. Excludes LBOs that did not issue high yield.(2) YTD 2007 as of May 21, 2007.
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Credit Quality of High Yield New Issues
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
NR
2%
B
58%
BB
20%
CCC
20%
NR
2%
B
68%
BB
21%
CCC
9%
NR
2%
B
58%
BB
19%
CCC
21%
NR
3%
B
49%
BB
24%
CCC
24%
NR
3%
B
43%
CCC
31%
BB
23%
New Issuer Ratings Breakdown (1)
Source: Lehman Brothers High Yield Capital Markets (1) YTD 2007 as of May 21, 2007.
CCC or Lower New Issues Volume ($ in millions)
$2,105.0
$12,962.0
$30,928.0
$23,368.0
$32,597.0$33,756.0
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 YTD 2007
CCC or Lower New Issues Volume as a % of Total
3%
9%
20%21%
24%
33%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 YTD 2007
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 YTD
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High Yield Spreads
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Long-term average(1987-YTD 07) =
541bp
Cheap Money
Spread between lower credit bonds and U.S Treasuries, 1987-2007, in basis points
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Historical High Yield Outstanding vs. Default Rate
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Total Value of All High Yield Outstanding vs. Default Rate
$352.5
$452.1
$571.5
$656.6
$762.6
$955.0
$881.6
$947.1$950.8
$913.2$918.1
$629.4
1.6%1.4%
1.7%
4.0%
4.7%
8.3%
7.3%
3.0%
1.0%
2.6%
1.6%
1.8%
$0.0
$100.0
$200.0
$300.0
$400.0
$500.0
$600.0
$700.0
$800.0
$900.0
$1,000.0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Q207
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
Source: JPMorgan High Yield Capital Markets Note: JPMorgan Domestic High Yield Default Rate
( $
i n
b i l l i o n s )
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Acquisition & Leverage Multiples vs. Default Rate
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Source: Standard & Poor’s Note: JPMorgan Domestic High Yield Default Rate. Acquisition and Leverage Multiples are Q3 2006 and Default Rate is LTM 9/3/06.(1) Excludes Media and Telecom loans
Average Purchase Price/EBITDA and Total Debt/EBITDA for U.S. Transactions vs. Default Rate
7.5x7.9x
6.8x6.4x
6.1x6.5x
6.7x7.1x
8.1x
8.6x
10.0x
5.0x 4.9x
4.3x4.1x
3.5x3.9x
4.1x
4.6x5.0x 5.1x
6.2x
1.4%1.7%
4.0%
4.7%
8.3%
7.3%
1.0%
2.6%
1.8%1.6%
3.0%
0.0x
2.0x
4.0x
6.0x
8.0x
10.0x
12.0x
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Q207
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
9.0%
Purchase Price/EBITDA DEBT/EBITDA Default Rate
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The Beginning of the End of a Cycle
Banks providing equity “bridges”
Loans with no amortization
Interest rate “toggle”
“Covenant-lite” loans
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
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Covenant-lite transactions and toggle notes may now be a thing of the past
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Source: Standard & Poor’s
Covenant-Lite Transaction Volume
$1.8 $3.1$0.3 $0.3 $- $- $0.5 $0.1
$2.4
$23.6
$96.6
$-
$10.0
$20.0
$30.0
$40.0
$50.0
$60.0
$70.0
$80.0
$90.0
$100.0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 YTD
V o l u m e
( i n $ b i l l i o n s )
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
% o
f I n s t i t u t i o n a l V o l u m e
Covenant Lite Volume % of Institutional Volume
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Backlash against Private Equity “Surge”
Press
Shareholders
Sellers
Regulators
Unions
Congress
Boards of Directors
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
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Private Equity Environment – Purchase Premiums
Private equity transactions have come under increasing scrutiny as investors claim that premiums
are well below expectations. Private equity firms are being forced to defend themselves against
charges that their transactions rob public shareholders of the potential for higher value.
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Source: Weil, Gotshal & Manges
Purchase Price Premium to Market
25%
16%
21% 21%
25%
10%
22%
20%
7%
0%
8%
0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
$0.25bn-$0.5bn $0.5bn-$1bn $1bn-$5bn Over $5bn
( % P
r e m i u m )
1 Day Before Announcment 30 Day Average Before Announcement 52-Week high
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Public Buyout Board Climate
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
Independent directors take control of process
Management increasingly perceived as having conflict of
interest
Management excluded from negotiations with P.E. firm
Merger agreements include
– Go shop provision and fiduciary out
– No right to match
– Breakup fee and corresponding reverse breakup fee
– No financing condition
– Limited or no material adverse change out
Exclusive negotiations with management and special
committee of the target board of directors
No announcement until executed definitive mergeragreement
Merger agreement includes:
– No shop provision / fiduciary out
– Breakup fee – 2 to 3% of transaction value
– Financing condition
– True material adverse change out
– Right to match competing offer
TodayPre 2006
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Outlook
The cost of buyout financing is increasing as spreads widen and the buyer pool is reduced
The terms of financing will become more restrictive – but are really just returning to historical levels
The increased costs of financing mean Private Equity firms can’t hit targeted returns unless theypay lower prices
Sellers / investors will resist the lower purchase prices given the relatively recent higher
comparables
Private equity buyout volume will likely decrease in the short term
Strategic acquirer share – already at 75% - will likely increase due to healthy balance sheets, still
attractive financing terms and availability of cost and revenue synergies.
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
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Possible Growth Outlets for Buyout Funds
Distressed debt
International buyouts
Significant minority investments
Add on private company acquisitions for existing portfolio companies
Recent Trends in the Private Equity Market
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Section 3
Overview of Raymond James
O i f R d J
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Full-service securities firm founded in 1962 and public since 1983 (“RJF” on NYSE)
Fiscal 2006 revenue in excess of $2.6 billion; net income over $200 million
Equity market cap in excess of $3.8 billion
Major presence in North America and Europe
– Over 5,200 financial advisors, with offices in all 50 states; 1.5 million accounts*
– Member of the Fortune 500. Ranked 11th among securities firms. (2007)
– 27 domestic and international investment banking and institutional sales offices*
– European operations in London, Paris, Geneva, Brussels, and Düsseldorf*
Client Assets of over $200 Billion
Managed Assets of over $36 Billion
Operates a Commercial Bank with Assets in excess of $3.5 Billion
Overview of Raymond James
Overview of Raymond James
*RJF data as of June 30, 2007.
Overview of Raymond James
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Retail Branch, Institutional Sales and Investment Banking Locations Raymond Jameshas nearly 2,300offices coveringall 50 states andCanada.
Overview of Raymond James
Raymond James North American Locations
Raymond James U.S.Investment Banking
St. Petersburg, FLAtlanta, GA
Chicago, ILDallas, TX
Houston, TXNashville, TN
New York, NYPalo Alto, CA
Raymond James Retail Location
Raymond James Institutional Location
Overview of Raymond James
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Opportunities with Raymond James
Over 200 University of Florida graduates work at Raymond James
Headquartered in St. Petersburg but numerous locations throughout the United States.
Selective areas of interest to business students include:
– Corporate Finance / Investment Banking
– Research
– Sales & Trading
– Asset Management
– Retail Brokerage
– Real Estate
– Commercial Banking
Overview of Raymond James
Overview of Raymond James
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Raymond James Financial Stock Price Performance
Overview of Raymond James
'88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07
100
600
1,100
1,600
2,100
2,600
3,100
Indexed Price to 100 as of 24 Aug 878/24/1987 - 8/24/2007
Raymond James Financial Inc. S&P 500 Index NASDAQ Composite Index
RJF
+2944%
NASDAQ
+470%
S&P
+343%