Presentation tweed Secteur Biomasse

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Cluster Technology of Wallonia Energy, Environment and sustainable Development

TWEED Industry Presentation

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Biomass Industry

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Biomass Sources

• Woodfuel

• Crops/Farm residues

• Organic Waste

Source: Hoogwijk (2003, Biomass and Energy, 25, 119-133)

Biomass energy resource categories

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Processes for energy exctraction

• Direct combustion• Thermo-chemical gasification (heat to 800ºC under pressure)• Pyrolysis (heat to 300-500ºC in near absence of air)• Anaerobic digestion• Fermentation of non-woody biomass• Hydrolysis & fermentation of woody biomass• Transesterification of vegetable oils• Gasification and catalytic production of Fischer-Tropsch liquids• Gasification to produce hydrogen

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Biomass in Europe

• s

Source: Baromètre BIOMASSE SOLIDE – EUROBSERV’ER – Novembre 2010

Share of Primary Energy

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Biomass in Europe

Source: Baromètre BIOMASSE SOLIDE – EUROBSERV’ER – Novembre 2010

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IndustrialBiofuelsDomesticCharcoalDomesticDungDomesticCropsDomesticFuelwood

Trends in biomass use by type

*with uncertainty bars for the total Source: Energy and the New Reality, Volume 2, L. D. Danny Harvey

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*with uncertainty bars for the total

Trends in biomass use by region

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South Asia

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SoutheastAsiaOceania

Source: Energy and the New Reality, Volume 2, L. D. Danny Harvey

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Woodfuel

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Biomass in Wallonia

50 % agricultural land30 % forest (~540.000 ha)10 % urban planning6 % transport infrastructure 4 % water/wetlands

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Walloon Market

• Belgian target for renewable energy in 2020 is 13% of the final energy consumption.

• Wallonia goes greener ? a target RE of 20% and 30% for green electricity. (decisions pending)

• In 2010, Wallonia used around 147 TWh of energy; o RE cover 6.2% of the final energy consumption (9.1 TWh)o Biomass accounts for more than 85% of the renewable energy

production 5.5 TWh are produced by biomass CHP (1.25 TWh of electricity) 0.2 TWh by biogas plants 1.5 TWh for residential heating (pellets boilers, stoves, etc.) and the rest

is coming from biofuel

o Biomass will remain the most important RE source for the 2020 target

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Walloon Pellets Production

There are 8 companies that produce pellets with a total capacity of 500,000 tons/year.

However, most of the pellets consumption is imported (Canada, Eastern Europe, etc.) for biomass CHP or the heating market.

Source: The World of Pellets, Bioenergy 2010

Capacity (tons/year)

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Belgium Pellets Markets

Source: The World of Pellets, Bioenergy 2010

The wood pellet market in Belgium is characterized by a large demand for industrial pellets for (co-)firing in power production, a young pellet production industry with limited production and a fast developing market for residential pellet heating.

The total pellet consumption in Belgium in 2008 is estimated at 920,000 tons of which

around 800,000 tons were industrial pellets consumed for power production.

The Green Certificate Scheme in Belgium contributed to stimulating the demand for solid biofuels, including pellets, for electricity generation by (co)combustion, Electrabel (GDF Suez) being the major consumer of industrial wood pellets in Belgium.

This sector largely relies on pellet imports from Germany, Eastern Europe and North America and is expected to be growing significantly in the next years.

It is estimated that around 325,000 tons of pellets were produced by at least 10 producers in 2008. Four of them are DINplus certified (October 2009) and it is expected that a good share of the domestic production in Belgium is targeting the domestic heating market. Since stoves are the main pellet appliance, the majority of pellets are probably traded in bags. Some of the larger pellet plants produce exclusively for the power sector. Large exports are not reported.

The consumption of high quality pellets in the heating market can be roughly estimated at 120,000 tons in 2008, meaning that more than 11 kg of pellets were consumed per capita. This is comparable to the situation in Germany. However, in contrast to Germany, stoves are the main pellet appliance in Belgium.

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Power Production

- From Wood to PowerTechnical Diagram

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Power Production

Power production with pellets in Wallonia, Les Awirs, 85 MW!

Source Valbiom

- Walloon Companies

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XYLOWATT Gasification CHP Plant

Global efficiency = 75% (25% electricity, 50% heat)

(Combined Heat & Power 0,1–10 MWe)

www.xylowatt.be

Power Production Technologies

The NOTAR ® downdraft gasifier

Wood is composed of52% C + 6% H + 41% O + 1% ashes

PYROLYSIS

Wood is decomposed in charcoal (30%) and pyrolysis gas (70%)

COMBUSTION

Pyrolysis gas (composed mainly of heavy tars) are burned and cracked with air to produce CO2 & H2O at high temperature (1200°C)

REDUCTION

Exhaust gases react with the carbon of the charcoal to form the fuel gas: CO2 + C = 2 CO et H2O + C = H2 + CO


- Gasification Powerplant manufacturer and turnkey provider- Operation (remote control & telemonitoring) and Maintenance (on-site & assistance)- Gasification process Woodgas production for industries ( ex: woodgas for glassmaking furnace)


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Biomass CHP 3MW project in Liège

Fabricom provides innovative technical installations and services for the industry, energy sector, tertiary and infrastructure markets. Its expertise covers a wide and varied range of technical disciplines, including Electrical, Instrumentation, Mechanical, Industrial Piping, Automation, and Maintenance, etc.


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De Smet Engineers & contractors

Biomass Power Turnkey projects, Engineering Works, General-contracting in Energy (Steam Process, Electricity Production, Biomass Boiler, etc. )

Solutions for: - Storage- Solids Handling- Preparation of biomass: shredding, drying, pelletization…- Biomass energy recovery technology: combustion, gasification, methanisation...- Electricity production system: steam turbine, gas turbine, ORC turbine, internal combustion

engine- Heat Production: steam, hot water, hot air or gas, thermal oil...- Heat Valorisation: pelletization, drying, distillation…

www.dsengineers.com


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Engineering, architecture and management consultancy, turnkey projects

Active in the development of projects relating to renewable energies such as wind power, thermal solar energy, biomethanation and gasification, cogeneration, district heating , etc.

www.tpf.eu

TPF: Biomass plant and treatment of olive's waste - 20 MW - Spain

TPF: Household Waste Incineration Plant - Belgium

TPF Group

CORETEC, an engineering consultancy company specializing in energy,

can offer its services for the study, implementation, optimization and

supervision of reliable and high-performance solutions.

Services are available in 4 sectors:

- Construction technology

- Industrial technology

- HP Energy Production

- Energy Purchases' Management

www.coretec.be

- Walloon Companies (others)

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http://www.coretec.be/pages/Chaufferie-centralisee.en.php

CMI: Cockerill Maintenance & Ingénierie

- Conception of boilers for Industries & Energy sector

(Heat Production, HRSG ,etc.)

- Combination of a waste incineration with a combined cycle (gas turbin, heat recovery boiler, steam turbin) increase the yield by 5%

- Organic Rankine Cycle (gas ou liquids < 400 °C)

www.cmigroupe.com

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Heat Recovery Steam Generators


CMI: Cockerill Maintenance & Ingénierie

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Electrabel: Awirs – 80 MW- Biomass -

CMI Energy Services has converted the Awirs power station to biomass. The boiler no longer burns coal as before, but wood pellets.


Biom offers a complete heating solution comprising boiler

and feeder-system installation, adjustment, maintenance-staff training,

an annual service and the supply of fuel.

- Range from 200 to 1000 kW.

Tailored for

• Government buildings (civil service…)

• Public services (schools, hospitals, retirement homes…)

• Sporting infrastructures (sports halls, swimming pools…)

• Industrial premises

• The timber and woodworking industry

www.biom.be

HEAT Production

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BIOMInnovative and patented combustion process: the cyclonic burner

• Use of a variety of fuels (slashed wood, pellets, sawdust,

fruit stones, cereals…)

• A level of fuel humidity that reaches 30%

• A low level of inertia enabling rapid start-up

and shut-down according to your needs

• High performance levels (90%)

• Low maintenance owing to complete combustion

• Staged combustion leading to reduced levels of pollutants

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HEAT Production

4ENERGY Invest

The core business of 4Energy Invest consists in

turning non-contaminated wood biomass, wood residues, shavings, barks ... which are at their end-of-life in the forestry sector, into energy, either directly through cogeneration process to generate heat and electricity, or indirectly through torrefaction process to produce renewable solid fuels such as BioCoal.

4Energy Invest is operating a fully operational cogeneration plant,

located in Amel (Wallonia, Belgium), Currently developing cogeneration projects in Ham (Flanders, Belgium) and in Pontrilas (England, UK).

As project development company, 4Energy Invest is continuously assessing several other projects and has further identified a number of sites that offer opportunities to build and operate biomass-to-energy projects in Belgium as well as elsewhere in Europe (+ Brazil)

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Biomass schemes

www.4energyinvest.com


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Biomethanation

Crops/ Farm Residues

Biomethanation Principles

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PRINCIPLES Anaerobic digestion of organic matters leading to the generation of methane and carbon dioxide

Process involves three steps :1. Hydrolysis 2. Acidification3. Acetogenesis 4. Methanogenesis

Process can be carried out in a single step or a two steps

GreenWatt- from the feasibility study to the construction and start-up of the installations, turnkey

projects

- developed an innovative biomethanation technology; Unlike traditional technologies, this technology – called two-stage – enables energy production at a local scale on the basis of plant residues without any need for external contribution (liquid manure, etc.).

- offers a simple, efficient solution for purifying the COD-laden water evacuated by the food-processing industry.

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Power Production - Walloon Companies / Technologies

FAD (Flushing Anaerobic Digestor), developped by GreenWatt is an original design of a digestor (methaniser) with high yield incorporating a system of unpatching and renewing of the biofilm.

Walloon Technology, Patented

www.greenwatt.be

Biomethanation Technologies

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- Building of an industrialtreatment unit ( endive roots)Electricity production

- (80 kWe 24/24 ) and heatproduction (94 kWth for 15 tons ofwaste a day).


Power Production - Walloon Companies / Technologies

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Realco developed an expertise in enzyme-based hydrolysis processes. Enzymes degrade organic macromolecules, these elements are more water soluble and more easily assimilable by microorganisms. Hydrolysis is the limiting step for bacterial assimilation and thus for biological effluent treatment such as biomethanation.

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The enzymatic hydrolysis developed by Realco focus on a pre-treatment of the substrate before its introduction into the digester.

This strong pre-treatment allows to accomplish:- substrate liquefaction and homogenization, influent viscosity decrease- substrate biodigestibility increase, i.e. Increase of the substrate assimilation rate by microorganisms population responsible for the production of biogas and energy.

Biomethanation- Increase energy with enzymatic solutions- Provides solution for overloaded / undersized digesters- Increase biogas production- Improve digester yield- Accelerate digesters (re)start

ApplicationsSubstrates difficult to treat but having great interest regarding their methanogenic potential Digester yieldFor any substrates : fat, manure and litter, food industry waste, household waste, WWTP sludges, etc...


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Balteau

- Contractor- Balteau designs and builds pumping, sewage management and drinking water facilities.

In the Biogas sectorcollecting, pumping, management, valorisation, burning

www.balteau.eu

Biomethanation Companies

Walloon Companies (others)

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www.cebedeau.com

MethadevMETHADEV is an active small business in the sector of renewable power, specialized in the treatment and increasing the value of waste and organic effluents. METHADEV owns a specific expertise in producing and using biogas.www.methadev.com

CebedeauCentre for Expertise in the Treatment and Management of Water

Cebedeau is also active in the sector of biomethanation: • Expertise in biological and physico-chemical treatment• Industrial water management• Sampling, analysis and pilot testing• Applied research and technology transfer • Training and seminars


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Biofuel

Source: Hamelink and Faaij (2006, Energy Policy 34, 3268–3283, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03014215

Biofuel Overview

Hydrogen(H )2

Methanol(CH OH)3

DME(CH OCH )3 3

FT Diesel(C H )x y

SNG(CH )4

Biodiesel(C H )x y

Ethanol(CH CH OH)3 2

Biodiesel(alkyl esters)

Bio oil(vegetable oil)

Water gas shift+ separation

Catalysedsynthesis

Purification

Hydro treatingand refining

Fermentation

Esterification

Vegetable oil

Sugar

Bio oil

Biogas

SyngasGasification

Anaerobicdigestion

Flash pyrolysis

Hydrothermalliquefaction

Lignocellulosicbiomass

Hydrolysis

Milling andhydrolysis

Pressing orExtraction

Oil plants

Sugar/starchcrops

Ethanol/ Biodiesel production in 2008

Ethanol Production in 2008Total = 67 billion litres

US51%

Brazil40%

China3%

France2%

Other4%

Biodiesel Production in 2008 Total = 12 billion litres

Germany18%

US17%

Other23%

Spain3%

Italy3%

Thailand3%

France13%

Brazil10%

Argentina10%

Source: Energy and the New Reality, Volume 2, L. D. Danny Harvey

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Biodiesel

Ethanol/ Biodiesel production in 2010

In Wallonia:- A target of 5,75% of biofuel in transport for 2010

Production unit:- BioWanze: capacity of 300 000 tons of bioethanol per year

- Néochim in Feluy: capacity of 240 000 tons of biodiesel per year

http://www.biowanze.be/fr/

De Smet Engineering & Contractors

Funded in 1990 by Groupe De Smet• General contracting company specialized in the agro-industrial field ( sugar industries, edible oil, etc.) • Supplier of industrial equipments• Project management• In 2004, DSEC made its general-contracting know-how available in other fields, including bio-energy and agro-chemical sectors (bioethanol/biodiesel).• Turnover 120M€• More than 100 employees• On 5 continents• 450.000 m³ yearly building capacity

Companies

www.dsengineers.com

Biofuel - Bioethanol/Biodiesel

De Smet Engineering & Contractors

- Capacity of 300 000 tons of bioethanol per year

- from 800.000 tons of wheat and 400.000 tons of sugarbeets

250 millions € investment

Building of a bioethanol production unit in Biowanze, Belgium


Green Automotive


Pellets

• Humidity Rate between 6 and 12 %

• NCV 5 kWh/kg

Biocoal (Biochar)

•Humidity Rate between 3 %

• NCV 6,7-7 kwh/kg

Wood chips

•Humidity Rate between 20 and 30 %

• NCV 3,5 kWh/kg

Coal NCV 7,5-9 kWh/kg

Biofuel - Biocoal

CMI- NESA

- Technology supplier- Supplies and develops wood torrefaction equipments

Biocoal Technology Supplier

4Energy Invest

BioCoal production capacity by end 2012 of 250,000 Tons

Biocoal Producer

World PremiereProject PHOENIX: Turn your car into fuel!

- Conversion Process of organic matters contained in grinding remnants of metallic waste to hydrocarbon alternative liquids and carbon used in steel industry, by low temperature catalytic craking- Recycling European average (82%) Comet + Phoenix (90%)- Low energy process, 70.000 T/ Year 20 million liters

www.certech.bewww.cometsambre.be

Biofuel from waste

Project Bema

SynCap has initiated a renewable energy and bio-tech project aiming at the production of:

- Bio-energy (diesel) from microalgae (BEMA) and - Molecules with high added value.

The BEMA project’s major objective is to implement a prototype photo-bioreactor that can demonstrate the feasibility of large scale microalgae biomass production.

www.syncap.eu

Biofuel from algae

- Waste Recycling

Sita Treatment

Shanks

www.sita.be

Waste management

- Treatment of household waste by sorting, recycling, incineration and revaluation.- Authorised landfill site management

www.shanks.be

Biofuel from waste


Electricity: Production support

Belgium Green Certificates mechanism

Belgium Green Certificates mechanims:

1.Growing obligation % of renewable power based on yearly electricity sales for each power supplier

2.Penalty for the share that is not covered by Certificates (x €/ missing GC)

3.Market for exchanging Certificates between green producers and suppliers needing them

4.Regulatory body in each region granting the Certificates and surveying the market

5.Certified bodies for inspecting the green power plants and the bio-fuel resources


One certificate per 1000 kWh produced, different in the 3 Regions (Wallonia, Brussel, Flemish Region) Different price, different determination

Different determination:

1.Flemish region 1 GC = 1MWh green electricity produced2.Flemish region: 1 CHP Certificate = 1 MWh primary energy saving3.Wallonia: 1 GC = 456 kg CO2avoided + Reduction factor applied on plants > 10 years old4.Brussels: 1 GC = 217 kg CO2 avoided5.Federal: 1 GC = 1 MWh green electricity (Territorial waters, Off-shore windmills)



Different determination: other rules

FlemishTide&Wave, Hydro < 10 MWe, Biomass accorded to

a)vegetable products from agriculture and forestry;b)litter and manure;c)sorted organic-biological waste;d)unsorted organic-biological waste with min. 35 % energy recuperated

Wallonia CHP and HYDRO < 20 Mwe

Brussel PV, Wind, Biogas, Geothermal, Hydro < 10 Mwe, Organic waste from agriculture and forestry

Presentation tweed Secteur Biomasse

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