Presentation to ICAO Next Generation of Aviation Professionals...• Visual Flight Rules (VFR) •...

Presentation to ICAO Next Generation of Aviation Professionals

Human Resource Requirement Identification and Planning

June 17, 2013

Robert Donald

Executive Director

The Skills Development Model for Aviation and Aerospace

• What is the CCAA? • Demographics / Skills Shortages / Labour Shortages • Skills Assessment and Development • Training / Upskilling

Outline

Outline

The Canadian Council for Aviation & Aerospace (CCAA) is a “not-for-profit” organization which is dedicated to ensuring the aviation and aerospace industry has enough workers with the right skills to meet industry needs. CCAA has two main areas of focus: skills development and industry demographics (supply and demand for particular skills). CCAA is not a trade association – it is an industry resource.

Our Origin

In 1988, the Canadian aviation maintenance industry was facing a critical shortage of skilled personnel and a lack of standards for most occupations in the sector. A comprehensive human-resource study was commissioned. The study, undertaken by Price Waterhouse between 1988 and 1991, was the first one ever conducted on the industry. The study recommended action in four areas:

• Defining competency standards for various occupations (trades) in the industry. • Establishing training programs and core curricula for post-secondary training

organizations. • Recruiting new workers for the industry. • Developing mechanisms for industry-wide resource planning.

The Canadian Council for Aviation & Aerospace (CCAA) was formed in the fall of 1991 to address these matters.

CCAA Board of Directors National Defence Aerospace Industries Association of Canada Air Transportation Association of Canada Canadian Business Aviation Association Helicopter Association of Canada

International Association of Machinists & Aerospace Workers Canadian Auto Workers Canadian Federation of AME Association Association of Canadian Community Colleges National Training Association

CCAA Skills Development Road Map

• Labour Market Data

– Industry demand – skills and demographics

– Output from Colleges and Universities etc.

• National Competency Profiles with supporting logbooks

• Curricula for post-secondary training organizations and for high-schools –

which align with Industry Standards

• Accreditation of training organization programs

• Certification of Competency

• Targeted Training

Global Demographic Trends to 2050

• In 1998 those over 60 years of age in the developed world outnumbered those under 15 for the first time.

• In 2047 the same thing will happen worldwide.

• In 1950 there were 12 people of working age (15-64) for every person 65 and over (12:1).

• In 2010 the ratio dropped to 9.1.

• By 2050 it is expected to fall to 4.1.

Boeing 20 Year Forecast More than 1 Million Pilots and Mechanics Needed

Pilot and Training Demand 2029 Average per Year

Total new pilots (for new and replacement aircraft) 466,650 23,300

New pilots needed (North American only) 97,350

Maintenance Demand 2029 Average per Year

Total maintenance personnel needed (for new and replacement aircraft) 596,500 30,000

New maintenance personnel needed (North America only) 137,000

Pilots Maintenance North America 97,350 137,000 Europe 94,800 122,000 Africa 13,200 15,000 Middle East 32,700 44,500 Latin America 37,000 44,000 Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Republics)

11,000 14,000

Asia Pacific 180,600 220,000 Worldwide 466,650 596,500

Boeing International Forecast

“Airlines will need 466,650 pilots and 596,500 maintenance personnel over the next 20 years to accommodate demand for new and replacement aircraft.” “Boeing’s Current Market Outlook, states that airlines will require an average of 23,300 new pilots and 30,000 new maintenance personnel per year from 2010 to 2029.” “When you add up all the numbers, you quickly understand the issues facing this industry. Our challenge is adapting our training to engage the future generation of people who will fly and maintain the more than 30,000 airplanes that will be delivered by 2029.” CCO Roei Ganzarski

Boeing International Forecast

Industry Demographics International Data: ICAO / IATA

Maintenance Demand 2018 2026

Total mechanics needed for additional aircraft 247,100 420,000

Total mechanics including retirement 405,500 739,000

Pilot and Training Demand 2018 2026

Total new pilots needing early private flight training (additional aircraft and retirement) 207,600 352,900

Total new pilots needing transition training on replacement aircraft 59,930 122,700

People without Jobs, Jobs without People Canada’s Labour Market Future

From Rick Miner, Ph.D. Miner Management Consultants

CCAA 2012 Study of Labour and Skills Shortages in Aerospace

Objective • Establish whether labour or skills shortages have been identified in key aerospace

manufacturing occupations in Canada.

Overview • CCAA was commissioned by the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and

International Trade (DFAIT).

• Identify 10 key occupations in airframe manufacturing.

• Establish whether labour shortages and/or skills shortages exist in these key occupations.

• Identify the university, college and institutes of technology programs and courses that are relevant to aerospace manufacturing to determine the number of yearly graduates.

Conclusion • There is a labour shortage in 9 of 10 occupations, and a skills shortage in all 10.

The status quo is unlikely to meet industry needs.

Other CCAA Labour Market Studies

• CCAA HR Study of the Canadian Aviation Manufacturers and Maintenance Industry – 2002

• CCAA Human Resources Study of Commercial Pilots in Canada – 2010

• CCAA Canada’s Airports Occupation Study – June 2010

Labour Market Studies

• Labour market studies are the crucial starting point for industry Human Resource planning.

• Measures current and future supply and demand.

• Good studies differentiate between labour shortages from skills shortages.

• National standards for various trades greatly enhances the quality of the skills shortage analysis.

National Competency Profiles

• Industry identifies occupations which would benefit from Competency Profiles.

• Industry subject matter experts identify the experience, knowledge and skills required to be considered competent in various occupations and perform the occupation “professionally”.

• Extremely detailed – up to 250 pages or more.

National Competency Profiles • Aerospace Materials Specialist • Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Repair and Overhaul

Technician • Aircraft Interior Technician • Aircraft Mechanical Assembler • Aircraft Propeller Systems Technician • Aircraft Reciprocating Engine Technician • Aircraft Refuellers • Aircraft Simulator Technician • Aircraft Structures Assembler • Aircraft Structures Technician • Airside Worker • Aviation Ground Services Attendant • Aviation Machinist • Aviation Maintenance Inspector • Aviation Maintenance Manager

• Aviation Mechanical Component Technician • Aviation Non Destructive Inspection Technician • Aviation Painter • Aviation Special Processes Technician • Aviation Welding Technician • Avionics Maintenance Technician • Composite Fabricator • Electrical / Electronic Assembler • Electrical / Electronics / Instrument Component

Technician • Professional Pilot • Quality Assurance Manager • Quality Systems Auditor • Transportation of Dangerous Goods Program

Administrators


• Provide a complete process for assessing / confirming competency of new or existing workforce.

• Identify competency gaps for the “job” at that particular employer.

• Identify gaps for upskilling / promotion.

• Provides employers with a uniform standard for staff training programs.

National Competency Profiles Gas Turbine Engine Technician Repair and Overhaul


• National Competency Profiles identify competencies required by industry for particular jobs.

• How does one ensure colleges are teaching the skills needed by industry?

• National Curricula are produced from Competency Profiles.

National Curricula 13 National Curricula based on CCAA Occupational Standards

• Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Repair and Overhaul Technician • Aircraft Interior Technician • Aircraft Propeller Systems Technician • Aircraft Structures Technician • Aircraft Maintenance Technician • Aviation Machinist • Aviation Mechanical Component Technician • Aviation Non Destructive Inspection Technician • Aviation Painter • Aviation Welding Technician • Avionics Maintenance Technician • Composite Fabricator • Instructor Guide for the Training of Commercial Pilots

Instructor Guide for the Training of Commercial Pilots

Purpose • The guide is intended for both the flight training institutions and the

operational training departments

Objective • The Commercial Pilot Instructor Guide addresses the competency gaps for

pilot occupations

Link • The guide is developed from the National Occupational Standard for

Commercial Pilot

Occupational Categories • The guide is divided into four (4) categories according to occupation

(Linked to NOS)

Instructor Guide for the Training of Commercial Pilots

Occupational Categories

Seaplane / Remote Ops • Baseline knowledge / skills: CPL, Seaplane

rating • Single engine, piston aircraft, super / turbo

charged, float equipped • Single pilot • Visual Flight Rules (VFR) • Small Operator complexity – CARs 702/703 Air Taxi / Corporate • Baseline knowledge/skills: CPL, Multi-engine,

Instrument Rating • Multi-engine small turbo-prop or light jet aircraft • Multi-crew – no cabin crew • Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) • Small Operator complexity – CARs 703/604

Flight Instruction • Baseline knowledge / skills: CPL, Instructor Rating-

class 4 (Multi-engine / IFR as applicable) • Single engine, piston aircraft • Single pilot • Visual Flight Rules (VFR) • Flight Training Unit complexity – CARs 406 Commuter/Airline • Baseline knowledge / skills: CPL, IATRA, Multi-

engine, Instrument Rating • Multi-engine large turbo-prop or turbo jet/fan aircraft • Multi-crew with cabin crew • Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) • Large Operator complexity – CARs 704/705

TPOs and EOs Objectives

Terminal Proficiency Objectives TPO’s specify the behaviour that must be exhibited (the performance statement), the conditions under which the behaviour will be accomplished (condition statement) and the minimum standard of acceptable behaviour (standard or criterion statement). A performance objective must be demonstrated in an environment equivalent to the operational environment.

Enabling Objectives EO’s describe specific behaviours in the form of single activities or steps that must be learned or performed, often sequentially, to achieve a terminal proficiency objective (EOs are also called supporting or learning objectives). A learning objective can be typically be demonstrated in a classroom or academic type setting, or in flight training devices (FTDs).

Instructor Notes Provide guidance on regulatory and compliance issues, teaching methods and strategies, and references to support development of the learning activities.

TPOs and EOs Samples

CCAA Accreditation 30 Post Secondary Programs in 16 Institutions

BC British Columbia Institute of Technology Kelowna Flightcraft AB Southern Alberta Institute of Technology MB Red River / Stevenson StandardAero Neeginon Institute of Applied Technology ON Canador College Centennial College Confederation College Fanshawe College Mohawk College Renaissance Aeronautics Muskoka Aircraft

NS Nova Scotia Community College PEI Holland College NFLD College of the North Atlantic

Aviation and Aerospace Orientation Program

A high school based curriculum with instructor guide and resources for three (3) 125 hour courses (3 years) which includes:

• Aerodynamics & Electrical Basics • Aerospace Manufacturing • Aircraft Components, Structures & Functions • Aircraft Tools • Airport Operations • Careers in Aviation and Aerospace • Hardware & Materials • Information Sources • Inspection • Introduction to Flight • Marshalling & Servicing • Practical Application of Math and Physics • Practical Projects • Regulatory Requirements • Safety / Workplace Hazardous Information System


• In addition, there is a 60 hour, web-based supplement to the curriculum (Interactive Multimedia Learning Tool).

• Includes video clips, quizzes and material on the basic concepts of aircraft operation and maintenance in three (3) modules:

– Theory of Flight – Aircraft Power Plants – Aircraft Structures

CCAA Certification of Individuals

• Certifies competence as defined by the Competency Profiles in the 29 trades.

• Recognized by third party auditors and regulators (e.g. Transport

Canada, FAA). • Provides National recognition of competencies and capabilities.

• Facilitates the employer’s recruitment process and ongoing training (“up-skill”).

Benefits of Certification

• Standardization of workforce competencies greatly facilitates training.

• Enhanced internal mobility of employees.

• International recognition of a certified workforce provides a competitive advantage to companies with a certified workforce.

• Certification of your supplier’s workforce improves their performance.

• Proven to reduce accidents and incidents.

• Can reduce insurance costs.

CCAA Training

• Most initial industry training is provided by colleges or universities via multi-year programs, supplemented by on the job experience.

• Industry identified a need for short, focused training to respond to new technologies (e.g. composites) and new regulations (e.g. SMS).

CCAA Training Examples of CCAA Training Quality Systems Auditor Workshop CCAA has introduced a two day workshop for aviation operational personnel and operational managers. Compliant with national occupational standards, this workshop provides a detailed overview of the steps involved in the audit process and its importance in enhancing operational safety and improving performance.

Quality Assurance Fundamentals This one day workshop provides a comprehensive overview of quality fundamentals designed for personnel new to the role of managing quality and safety assurance. In accordance with established occupational standards, workshop content includes: understanding various management systems and risk management techniques; creating and interpreting policy documents; and understanding safety management specific requirements. Introduction to the Audit Process This two day workshop is intended for individuals managing or providing oversight of large segments of the business function of operators; and those likely to interact with auditors. Upon successful completion of this workshop, participants will possess a thorough understanding of how to prepare, react, and respond to an audit. Fatigue Risk Management Workshop This two day workshop, detailing the challenges associated with fatigue in an operational environment, is intended for all employees in the aviation and aerospace industry. Following successful completion of this workshop, your company will be able to design and implement an effective Fatigue Risk Management Program.

CCAA Training Examples of CCAA Training Human Factors Online Training This online workshop offered by the CCAA meets the requirements of CARs 537.06(3) and CARs 723.28(4). Covering topics such as the Dirty Dozen, communication challenges in the workplace, and safety management, this course is designed for all employees in the aviation and aerospace industry. Customization is available upon request.

Persons Responsible for Maintenance Control System Workshop A strong understanding of the responsibilities of Persons Responsible for Maintenance Control Systems will assist individuals to remain compliant with regulatory and company requirements; successfully complete Transport Canada tests; and increase awareness of the key elements of quality and safety. This workshop is designed for individuals becoming or already employed as the Person Responsible for Maintenance Control. Upon successful completion of the workshop, participants will possess a thorough understanding of the regulatory requirements of the role of Person Responsible for the Control of Maintenance.

Human Resources and Training Solutions for Small Airports In response to the results of a 2010 human resources study of small airports, CCAA has developed a workshop on human resource and training solutions for small airport operators. By the end of this one-day workshop, participants will have a thorough understanding of challenges facing small airports and possible solutions.

Aircraft de/anti-Icing/Surface Contamination Workshop Facilitated by Leading Edge De-icing Specialists Ltd, this workshop applies the clean aircraft concept to the process of de-icing. Teaching participants to recognize errors and apply de-icing procedures this two-day workshop will assist your company to maintain safe operations.

CCAA Training New Courses Available Q1 - 2013 • Online Course for regulatory compliance – Aerospace Manufacturing and /

or Aviation Maintenance Organizations

• Aviation Managers Certification Course and Challenge Examination – 3 levels, online or blended – Aligned with the 3 levels of the Competency Profiles

• Accountable Executive Course (SMS)

• Certification for Airside Workers

• Certification Process for Transportation of Dangerous Goods Instructors

• Employee Training and Development

CCAA Training “After reviewing numerous options available at the time, Standard Aero University selected and launched the CCAA (then CAMC) Human Factors and Safety Management Program in January 2003. We used a top-down approach to ensure our executive and management teams would understand the new concepts and language…” “Since 2003, Standard Aero has delivered over 100 courses to 2000 of its employees around the globe. Our course evaluations indicate the CCAA Human Factors and Safety Management course is one of our highest rated offerings, with an average overall course score of 3.75 out of a possible 4.” Ricky Lawrence, Director of Training & Development, Standard Aero University

Education, Training and Development

• Education vs. training

• Education provides a knowledge base (foundation)

• Training tends to concentrate on skills

• Employee development allows both activities to be integrated

Desired Performance

Desired Performance

Knowledge Skill Attitude Habits

Education and Training Experience

Training Process If the training is not accredited or is accredited to a different standard then an assessment needs to occur before you spend money.

Desired Performance

Assess Training

Business Case

Develop Training or Revise Process

Management issue

Lacking K/S?

Training Available?

Accredited?

No No No

Yes

Yes Yes

Assessing Unaccredited Organizations

No

Assess Training Accept Training

Detailed Assessment

Required

Detailed Assessment

Required

Complies with OS? Duration

Not typical

Typical Yes Instructors and

Equipment Available

Typical

Detailed Assessment

Required

Not typical

Developing Training

Develop Training

Use applicable portions

Detailed Assessment

Required

Applicable OS?

Overlaps in OS?

No No

Yes Yes

Using an Occupational Standard

CCAA OS for Auditors No. Item

Know

ledg

e Sk

ill

Attit

ude

Hab

it

Method Evaluation Due date

Pre-requisites

1 Interviewing techniques QSA Auditor Training Written test 2 Checklist development QSA Auditor Training Written test

3 Put client’s employees at ease Coaching Behavioural observation

4 Interviewing techniques QSA Auditor Training and coaching

Behavioural observation

5 Maintain non-confrontational environment

QSA Auditor Training and coaching


6 Encourage cooperation Coaching Behavioural observation

7 Manage conflict Coaching Behavioural observation

8 Manage time Coaching Behavioural observation

9 Capture and record evidence Coaching Behavioural observation

10 Manage checklist completion Coaching Behavioural observation

11 Choose sample size QSA Auditor Training and coaching


12 Work unusual hours Coaching Behavioural observation

13 Recognize relevant record Coaching Behavioural observation

Foundation

Entry level qualifications and education

Company or position specific knowledge or skills

Education or training for future roles and responsibilities

Summary

The conclusions from the Price Waterhouse Study in Canada provide a road map for countries looking to develop or improve their Human Resource Strategy for their aviation and aerospace industry. • Defining competency standards for various occupations

(trades) in the industry. • Establishing training programs and core curricula for post-

secondary training organizations. • Recruiting new workers for the industry. • Developing mechanisms for industry-wide resource planning.

Conclusion

• The Aviation Industry is crucial to economic development / activity and impacts many other sectors of an economy.

– Direct / indirect employment (airlines, airports, ATC, charter etc.) – Business travel – Tourism – Cargo and passenger

• Aviation is competing with all other sectors for talent, and it is a global competition.

• Attracting, training and retaining a skilled workforce is crucial to the success of your aviation industry.

• CCAA would be happy to assist you with a comprehensive program for your company, your country or your region.

Thank You / Questions?

Robert Donald [email protected]

Telephone: +1-613-727-8272 extension 222

Presentation to ICAO Next Generation of Aviation Professionals...• Visual Flight Rules (VFR) •...

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