DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND APPLICATION OF A HYBRID SOLAR AND WIND GENERATOR FOR A SPECIFIC LOAD

DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND APPLICATION OF A HYBRID SOLAR AND WIND GENERATOR FOR A SPECIFIC LOAD

Concejo, Herjess Jhon A.Gelilang, Ernie Paul M.Tanangonan, Carl Ivan A.

Chapter IINTRODUCTION

Background and RationaleGeneral ObjectiveSpecific ObjectivesSignificance of the StudyScope and Limitations

2Background and RationaleElectricity is vital in progress. Because of the rapidly rising technology, almost everything is powered by it, from the simplest electric fan that comforts us, up to the most sophisticated Smartphone today.

However, even in these modern times, there are still many far and remote places which cannot be reached by electricity providers, places such as mountains, small islands, and even fish ponds or Punong. This is true in Pontevedra, Capiz, wherein many people residing there make their living from fish ponds. These bantay sa punong has typically a house built near the fish pond which he is overseeing. This house is usually far from the main land and has no electricity which he can utilize, thus, making it hard for them to charge their phones, radio, flash lights and other devices necessary for them to do their jobs.Background and RationaleWith this regard, the group proposed a project study that will focus on Design, Construction and Application of a Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Generator for a Specific Load of a typical punong household. This project will fuse two power sources to create a reliable power supply. The solar panel will be the main charger of the batteries and the wind turbine will be the sustaining supply. The load capacity of the selected household will determine the selection of the solar panel, wind turbine and batteries that will be employed in the design.

General Objective

To design, construct and apply a Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Generator.

Specific Objectives

To gather data on what load will the Hybrid be providing power to.To analyze the data gathered from the load.To design a sustainable Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Generator based on the data analyzed to effectively power up the clients punong.To construct and install the designed Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Generator to the location of the clients household.To test and measure the power generated by Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Generator for the determination of its stability and sustainability as a power source.

Significance of the Study

The study will give knowledge and awareness to certain groups of people living in remote areas that a new technology such as the Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Generator can be actually employed and utilized to answer the need for sustainable electricity.

It will educate the public on how such a technology work and how much power it can generate to sustain a households need for electricity.

The study will compare what is the better way of generating power, the Hybrid Solar and Wind generator compared to other ways such as diesel generators or the grid

Scope and Limitations

This project is only limited to the gathering and analysis of load datadesign, construction, testing, evaluating of a Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Generator.

Upon the completion of the construction, the project will be directly handed over to the client. The maintenance is also limited upon the completion of the study on the agreed date between the group and the client

The Hybrid generator will only accommodate a single punong owned by the client and power small rated appliances such as cell phone charger, radio and a small electric fan within the range of 40 to70 watts each, and 4 to 6 LED lights, and the like.

Chapter IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Pearl River Tower, ChinaA tower in China with the name of Pearl River Tower is currently using power coming from a hybrid Solar and Wind Generator.

Advanced wind and solar technologies were incorporated into the design of this skyscraper in order to generate orabsorbthe naturalenergy from the buildings surroundings.

A. Pearl River Tower, China

Photovoltaic cells were incorporated into the mechanized shade system to capture the suns energy in the eastern & western facades.The blue areas of the picture show the location of the solar panels. The automated blinds systems are programmed to make the most of the natural lighting. PV cells are incorporated only in certain locations on the building envelope and in an asymmetrical manner and at the roof level where the system also acts as a sunshade for the rest of the building.Figure 2. PV Panels Integrated with the Facade SystemSolarA. Pearl River Tower, ChinaAn innovative aspect of the buildings design was the use of vertical-axis wind turbines to generate electricity.Exterior of the building has four large openings, 6 by 6.8 meters wide, on either side of the core at the mechanical levels.These openings run through the building and are funnel shaped to increase the air speed as inrushes through the building.

Figure 3. Wind TechnologyWindB. Windrex Wind-power & Solar Hybrid Street Light

Windrex Wind-power & Solar Hybrid Street Light is an eco-friendly alternate energy product that saves electronic energy from wind-power generators or photovoltaic modules through its own power-control system.The energy will be used for lighting after sunset in the most efficient way, regardless of season or weather conditions. (The light will be turned on and off automatically).Highly effective Vertical WT enables generation at low wind speed and various wind direction.

Figure 4 Windrex Wind-power & Solar SystemC. Solar Panels & Wind Generators for Boats

Marine solar PV panels and small wind generators are ideal for battery charging aboard yachts and boats.

Solar PV& wind power are well established in the marine market, having been proven over many years as reliable sources of power.

Marine solar PV & wind power systems allow use of autopilots, communications, fridges, pumps and lighting without having to run the engine or a generator.Chaper IIIMETHODOLOGY

Design Criteria

Reliability is the criteria that will be accomplished if the generator can generate enough power to the load of the clients household; if the two 100Ah batteries are able to cater the constant changing load of the clients household and if the Hybrid Solar, working for 12 hours, and Wind generator, working for 24 hours, is able to generate 300Wh of energy.Functionality is the criteria that will be accomplished if the Solar panel and Wind turbine can work as a Hybrid and generate power in sync with each other to produce 100 Watts of power for the Solar panel and 150 Watts for the Wind turbine. Cost is the criteria that will be accomplished if the total expenses, P80, 000, of constructing a Hybrid Generator, from the purchase to the installation, will be the most economical choice of generating electricity for a household on Isla de Gigantes than other ways of generating power, like connecting to the grid or using a diesel generatorDesign Plan PreparationThe technologies that composes a Hybrid Solar and Wind Generator.Design Plan PreparationSolar Panel is a device that directly converts the energy in light into electrical energy through the process of photovoltaic.

Wind Turbine is a mechanical device used to generate electricity from the kinetic power of the wind through converting the deceleration force on the wind caused by the blades, into a rotating movement.

Controller is a regulator(also known as a charge controller) is used in conjunction with a standalone (off grid) system or a grid that connects solar and wind power system to a backup battery bank.

Inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC), the power that comes from a Solar Panel, Wind Generator and Battery into an alternating current (AC).

Design Plan PreparationThe capacity of the solar panel and wind turbine to be used in the installation is 100W and 150W respectively. These values were derived from the approximate load capacity of the clients household which is 300Wh. Two 100Ah batteries will be employed to store the power generated. The two 100Ah battery was chosen because of the load needed to be supplied and its power discharge capacity of 20% of its rating which is 40Ah multiplied to 12V, which will produce480Wh that is enough to cater 300Wh need.

Block DiagramSUNWINDSOLAR PANELWIND TURBINEBATTERYINVERTER DC TO ACLOADCONTROLLERConstruction Procedure

The materials and equipment will be prepared and bought within the proposed budget of P 80,000.All of the prepared and bought materials and equipment will be brought here at Central Philippine University where the site of construction will take place.If the Hybrid Solar and Wind Generator is already operational, the site will be surveyed to determine where the post of the wind turbine will be mounted.The solar panel will be bolted on the roof of the clients house where it can have access to the sun light all the time.A connection will be place using line of wires from the solar panel, wind turbine going to the solar and wind controller for regulation and protection of the system.

Construction Procedure

From the solar controller, line of wires will be connect the output of the solar and wind controller to the two batteries wherein these two batteries are banked together to have a higher capacity. An inverter will then be placed and connected to the battery for supply. Wirings all throughout the house will be installed, outlets and wiring lines for lighting.

Method of Analysis

E = A * r * H * PR

E = Energy (kWh)A = Total solar panel Area (m)r = solar panel yield (%)H = annual average solar radiation on tilted panels (shadings not included)PR = Performance ratio, coefficient for losses (ranges between 0.5 and 0.9, default value = 0.75)

Method of AnalysisWhere:P = Power output, kilowattsCp = Maximum power coefficient, ranging from 0.25 to 0.45, dimension less (theoretical maximum = 0.59) = Air density, lb/ft3A = Rotor swept area, ft2 or D2/4 (D is the rotor diameter in ft, = 3.1416)V = Wind speed, mphk = 0.000133 A constant to yield power in kilowatts. (Multiplying the above kilowatt answer by 1.340 converts it to horse- power [i.e., 1 kW = 1.340 horsepower]).