HP AllianceONE Partner Program Delivers a Competitive Advantage (Slides)
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A presentation by: AZROL KASSIM
APPLICATION OF SHAPE CHANGING SMART MATERIALS IN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES: A FRAGMENTED AND
INCONSISTENT UPTAKE
10th International Symposium on Tools and Methods of Competitive Engineering 21st May 2014
Azrol Kassim, Imre Horváth Bart Gerritsen
SMART MATERIAL
APPLICATION IN CONSUMER DURABLES
TRANSITION
Research Interest
ACHIEVING THROUGH PRODUCT DESIGN
Today’s presentation covers
• Introduction• Background - Application landscape - motivation & objectives• Methodology• The application of SCSM in consumer durable • Comparison between the applications • Analysis of the findings • Projecting the applications in household appliances • Conclusion and propositions
•
Introduction
Shape changing smart materials (SCSM)
engineered materials that retake their original shape upon exposure to a designated stimulus (e.g. electrical, thermal, light, water)
Engineered material
Shape changing smart material
Thermal shape memory polymer
Shape memory alloy
Electro-active polymer
Piezoelectric material
Stimuli responsive
material
Application landscape
SCSM application areas
Aero
spac
eBi
omed
ical
Robo
tics
Consumer durable
fragmented, showing an inconsistent application pattern
Rather limited
Application landscape
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
MEDICAL & HEALTHCARE
WEARABLE APPAREL
AUTOMOTIVE HOUSEHOLD HARDWARE
HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
SPORTS & RECREATION
TOYS PACKAGING FURNITURE0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Distribution of papers on the application of SCSM in 10 consumer durable categories
Motivation
Challenges in the application of SCSM
Type of challenges Impact
Unresolved material properties issues
Technology High
Lack of market & functional acceptability
Business + technology Low
Lack of comprehensive method for SCSM-product inclusive design
Design + technologyHigh
Designers familiarity to SCSM
Design High
• investigate this phenomenon by describing its characteristics, using household appliances as a research object
• Evaluate if the phenomenon is due to a mere knowledge gap for product designers, or otherwise?
• exploring the interplay between SCSM knowledge offerings and the product design aspects of material considerations which includes (C1) material behaviour, (C2) aesthetics, (C3) application, (C4) manufacturing, (C5) economic, and (C6) environmental & safety
Objectives
Methodology
1. sorted literature according to consumer durable category
2. analyzed the considerations in the cases that are being compared
3. identify reasoning patterns occurring in the application of SCSM in paired
4. In cases where the aspects was not considered, we tried to uncover the background of the decision.
Transportation Wearable Apparel
Consumer Electronics
Hardware hardware
Medical & Health Devices
Packaging Furniture Household appliances
Sport & recreation Toys
Comparing the application of SCSM
xxxxMediocre number of applications
Limited number of applications
Material aspects Considered characteristics
Material behavior (C1) Physical Structural, volume, mechanical, thermal, electrical & chemical properties
Sensory Stimulation of senses by thermal, light, pH, or electrical
Aesthetics (C2) Appearance Colour choices, texture and pattern of material
Form giving Capability to manipulate SCSM to provide desired form and geometry
Application (C3) Function SCSM added functions for: sensing, deploying, actuating, self-repair, fitting
Use Purpose of applying and the place of applying regarding the function of SCSM
Manufacturing (C4) Process & assembly
Possibilities to use SCSM with certain fabrication techniques
Finishing Possibilities of finishing SCSM by certain techniques, surface properties
Economic (C5) Material cost Market price of producing, installing or maintaining a SCSM based component
Life-cycle Decompose readily by biological process (biodegradability) and recyclability
Environmental and safety (C6)
User safety Compatible with living system (biocompatible) and toxicity
C1 Material behavior RESULTS
CONSUMER ELECTRONIC
WEARABLE APPAREL
MEDICAL & HEALTHCARE
AUTOMOTIVE
HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
PHYSICAL
SENSORY
REVERSE PLASTICITY
TRANSITION TEMPERATUREDAMPING CAPACITY
DENSITYVISCOSITY
ELONGATION
ELECTRICAL
THERMAL
MOISTURE PERMEABILITY
SUPER-ELASTICITY
CONSIDERED CHARACTERISTICS
HOUSEHOLD HARDWARE
RESULTS C1 Material behavior
• Slight differences between consumer durable categories
• SCSM have been engineered to have different characteristics because specific applications pose specific requirements
• benefitting from positive aspects only works with well-chosen applications
What patterns did we detect and our conjectures:
C2 AestheticsRESULTS
CONSUMER ELECTRONIC
WEARABLE APPAREL
MEDICAL & HEALTHCARE
AUTOMOTIVE
HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
APPEARANCE
FORM GIVING
CONSIDERED CHARACTERISTICS
TACTILE QUALITY
MULTI-COLORAVAILIBILITY
OPACITY
GEOMETRIC MANIPULATION
NO INFORMATION
HOUSEHOLD HARDWARE
C2 AestheticsRESULTS
• Dissimilar between internal and external use• No consideration of SCSM when used as internal
components of products• Considerations are made because external use of
SCSM provides more pleasing appearance in replacement of conventional material use and new form giving
What patterns did we detect and our conjectures:
C3 ApplicationRESULTS
CONSUMER ELECTRONIC
WEARABLE APPAREL
MEDICAL & HEALTHCARE
AUTOMOTIVE
HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
SENSING + ACTUATING
SELF-HEALING
FITTING
DEPLOYING
PRODUCT SAFETY
ENERGY SAVING
FASHION
COMFORT
MECHANSIM IMPROVEMENT
SIZE REDUCTION
RECYCLING
HOUSEHOLD HARDWARE
USER SAFETY
C3 ApplicationRESULTS
What patterns did we detect and our conjectures:
• Different functionalities serve different purposes between CD categories
• Sensing and actuating - product safety, user comfort, and energy saving, and for recycling support
• Fitting - user safety and comfort, and energy saving• Deploying - reducing product size, and support energy saving• Self-healing can be used for product safety
C4 Manufacturing
Consumer productcategory
Considered characteristics appearing in literature
Consumer electronic Compatible with injection moulding, thermoforming and extrusion
Wearable apparel Suitability for weaving, suitable for chemical, mechanical and thermal processing
Medical & healthcare suitability for chemical, mechanical and thermal processing
Household hardware Compatible with injection moulding, thermoforming and extrusion
Automotive Compatible with injection moulding, thermoforming and extrusion, other chemical, mechanical processing
Household appliances Compatible with injection molding
RESULTS
C5 Economic
Consumer productcategory
Considered characteristics appearing in literature
Consumer electronic Material, maintenance and installation cost
Wearable apparel Material and processing cost
Medical & healthcare material cost
Household hardware Material, maintenance and installation cost
Automotive Material, maintenance and installation cost
Household appliances Material and processing cost
RESULTS
RESULTS C6 Environmental & user safety
Consumer productcategory
Considered characteristics appearing in literature
Consumer electronic Recyclability and biodegradability
Wearable apparel Recyclability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, toxicity
Medical & healthcare Biodegradability, biocompatibility, toxicity
Household hardware Recyclability
Automotive Recyclability and biodegradability
Household appliances Recyclability
RESULTS C4, C5 & C6
• Slight differences between CD• economic aspects less transparent in literature • Manufacturing process compatibility as a driver for
future application considerations • SCSM can be considered for most applications to
support recyclability owing to good biodegradability
What patterns did we detect and our conjectures:
DISCUSSION
1. knowledge on SCSM has penetrated literature pervasively enough to reject characterizing the daunting uptake as a mere knowledge gap for consumer durable design
2. no fundamental and compelling reasons could be found, explaining why the hesitating uptake of SCSM exist in HA applications
3. the knowledge on SCSM is not always presented in a form a designer can use straight away (causal analysis for future research)
PROJECTING THE APPLICATION OF SCSM IN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
ADAPTIVE ENERGY SAVING
AESTHETICS THROUGH
FORM GIVING
ENHANCED BIODEGRADIBILITY
& RECYLABILITY
SPACESAVING
ADAPTIVE USER
COMFORT
SCSM
Adaptive switches to control
energy usageby responding to
environment changes
Replacement to conventional motors and actuators, deployment of
products from small packages or operated in confined working space
Manipulation in the change of shape to produce aesthetic pleasing forms
Cost-effective and eco-friendly
means for recycling electrical
components
User interface that adapts to ergonomic needs