Presentation Skills. Objectives: By the end of the session, participants will be able to… –Know...

Presentation Skills

Objectives:• By the end of the session, participants will be able

to…– Know different types of body language and

their advantage in a presentation,– Apply the 3 A’s in preparing content for a

presentation,– Develop visual aids that reflect good

instructional design properties,– Know some tips on graphics, and– Respond to questions in an effective manner.

Oral Presentation Skills

Oral Presentation Skills

Outline

Planning

Preparation

Practice

Performance

Questions

Planning

Who are you talking to? Why are you talking to them? How long have you got? What story are you going to tell?

Preparation

Outline and sketch slides Prepare slides Proof read Prepare notes -

brief keywords and phrases, except maybe first couple of paragraphs

Preparation - Outline

1 - 2 minutes per slide

Generic 15 min Conference Presentation

Title Slide (1) Title, author, affiliation, acknowledgements

Rationale (1-2) Why this is interesting

Methods (1-2) What you did

Results (2-4) What did you find and what does it mean

Summary (1) One thing you want them to remember

Preparation - Slides Use Images & Graphics

Relevant images communicate,

and maintain interest

Preparation - SlidesUse Images & Graphics

Minimise text & numbers



Light text on dark background




Avoid distracting backgrounds





Use large sans serif fonts

Helvetica or Arial rather than serif fonts like Times

24 pt is minimum, 32 pt, or even 36 pt is better






Mix upper and lower case

ALL CAPITALS IS HARDER TO READ, ALTHOUGH IT MIGHT BE OK FOR THE ODD TITLE






Mix upper and lower case

Use colour to highlight text

Use high contrast colours for important lines, symbols or text, and lower contrast colours for less important lines, symbols or text. But use a small number of colours






Mixture upper and lower case


Keep figures simple

0

20

40

60

80

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Condition

Y a

xis

(un

its)

*

Show means, sd, effect size statistics, but not test statistics








Keep figures simple

Thick lines and large symbols

0

5

10

15

20

20 30 40 50 60 70

Y A

xis

(uni

ts)

Participant 2

r = 0.89

X Axis (units)








Keep figures simple

Thick lines and large symbols

Progressive disclosure

Practice

Practice, practice, practice

Get feedback, and use it.

Be ruthless - delete unnecessary information

Performance

Don’t ApologiseSpeak loudly & clearly

Use short simple sentences

Avoid jargon & abbrev.

Vary pitch, tone, volume, speed and pauses

Performance

Avoid distracting mannerisms

Relax, be enthusiastic

Make eye contact

Keep an eye on the time remaining

Performance

Explain figures, and

point to important aspects

Give a clear and concise summary,

then stop.

Don’t go overtime. Ever.

Questions

Anticipate likely questions and

prepare extra slides with the answers

Maybe even plant a stooge

Questions

Paraphrase questions

1. so that other people hear the question

Questions



2. to check you understand the questions

Questions



2. to check you understand the questions

3. to stall while you think about an answer

Questions

If you don’t know the answer, say so.

Offer to find out.

Ask the audience.

NEVER argue with a member of the audience.

Questions

• Look at the questioner.

• Remain neutral and attentive.

• Listen to the whole question.

• Pause before you respond.

• Address the questioner, then move your eyes to others.

• What are the characteristics of an ideal presenter?

General Competencies

• Interpersonal Communication

• Professionalism

• Practice-Based Learning & Improvement

Eye Contact

• Never let them out of your sight.

• Looking them in the eye makes them feel that they are influencing what you say.

• Eye contact allows the presentation to approximate conversation—the audience feels much more involved.

Body Language

NO-NO’s

• Lean on or grip the podium• Rock or sway in place• Stand immobile• Use a single gesture repeatedly

• Cross your arms in front of your chest

Body Language

NO-NO’s

• Lean into the microphone• Shuffle your notes unnecessarily• Tighten your tie or otherwise play with your

clothing

Voice

• Voice Intelligibility

– Articulation– Pronunciation– Vocalized pauses– Overuse of stock expressions– Substandard grammar

Voice

• Voice Variability

– Rate of speech

– Volume

– Pitch or tone

– Emphasis

Podium Panic

• For some people, the thought of giving a presentation is more frightening than falling off a cliff, financial difficulties, snakes and even death.

Dealing with Podium Panic

• Audiences are forgiving• Nervousness is usually invisible• Be yourself• Practice deep breathing/ visualization

techniques• Begin in your comfort zone

Dealing with Podium Panic

• Check out the room in advance• Concentrate on the message• Begin with a slow, well prepared intro; have

a confident and clear conclusion• Be prepared and practice

Content

• 3 A’s

• Analyze your AUDIENCE.

• Define what ACTION you want them to take.

• Arrange your ARGUMENT to move them.

Analyze Your Audience

• What are their names, titles, backgrounds, reasons for attending, etc…?

• What are their big concerns?

• What are their objectives, fears, hot buttons, and attitudes?

Analyze Your Audience

• What is their perception of you and your institution?

• What are their questions likely to be?• What is personally at stake for them?• How much detail do they need?

Define What Action

• What action do you want the audience to take?

• Define it in terms of the audience.

• What will they feel, believe, and do after hearing your talk?

Arranging Your Argument

1. Shake hands with the audience.

2. Get to the point.

3. Present your theme.

4. Develop your agenda point by point.

5. Summarize and recommend.

•Visual Aids

• Remember the KISS rule: Keep It Short and Simple. Your slides should include the key points only, with one idea per slide.

A good rule of thumb is to have about one slide per minute. A 15 - to 20-minute presentation would have about 20 slides maximum.

Follow the “6 x 6” rule:

• Use about six words per line, six lines per slide (excluding the title).

• Keep a consistent look throughout your presentation. Use the same font, size, color, and capitalization format.

Design Concepts

• Big

• Simple

• Clear

Big

• Should be able to read everything from the back row

• At least 28 pt, preferably 36

Simple

• No more than 6 lines

• No more than 7 words per line

Clear

• Clip art should add to the content

• Use a different background only to emphasize one slide

• Arial or Helvetica

• Blue background with yellow text

• Avoid overuse of red, shadows, animation and transitions

• Beware of busy backgrounds

Font Size

• Always use a font large enough to be seen by all audience members. Use 32- to44-point for titles and no smaller than 28-point for the text or bulleted items.

Visual Aids

should be on

the speaker’s

left.

•TIPS ON GRAPHICS

Adding photosDO Don’t

Explanations of technical terms.

Avoid using complete sentences.

✔ ✘

Follow the “6 x 6” rule:✔ ✘

Always use large font✔ ✘

Keep a consistent look✔ ✘

Use short, strong statements✔ ✘

Use simple graphs✔ ✘

Always use data labels.

✔ ✘

Keep labels horizontal

✔✘

Six slices in pie charts

✔ ✘

3-4 Thick Lines in Line Charts

✔ ✘

When use a table, rememberthe “6 x 6” rule:

✔ ✘

Remove all superfluous gridlines

✔ ✘

Place data source beneath your graph.

✔ ✘

Use two-dimensional graphs

✔ ✘

Avoid border areas; maintain enough “white space”

✔ ✘

Always label your y-axis

✔ ✘

Position the text parallel to the bars.

✔ ✘

For stacked bars

✔ ✘

Presentation Skills. Objectives: By the end of the session, participants will be able to… –Know...

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