Chapter 3: Plant Identification - American Museum of Natural History
Presentation. Self identification? U. S. Government Defined? Tribal Identification What is an Native...
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Transcript of Presentation. Self identification? U. S. Government Defined? Tribal Identification What is an Native...
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Presentation
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• Self identification?
• U. S. Government Defined?
• Tribal Identification
What is an Native American?
What is an American Indian?
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Tribal Id - CDIB
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Census Definition
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Caddo History
Periods
Pre History
European Contact 1542
1542 - 1685
1685 -1800
1800 - 1838
1838 - 1859
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The Caddo Archaeological Area
Pre-History
Populaton Estimate of
200,000 people for
77,000 sq miles for estimate of
2.6persons per sq mile
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European Contact
De Soto’s Routes in 1542
Other Expeditions
“Great Kingdom of the Tejas”
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Southwest Arkansas
Northwest Louisiana
Indian Territory
Northeast Texas
Kadohadacho
Red RiverHasinai
Caddo Locations in the
16th and 17th Centuries
Natchitoches
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Spanish and French Settlements 1700s
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Trade in 1700s
Guns
Horses
• Fur• Salt• Maize• Bows arrows• Oil, Lard
Pottery
Tobacco
Indigo
Ornaments
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Major Events 1800 to 1836
• 1803 Louisiana Purchase• Caddo Agency 1804 at Natchitoches• Louisiana Statehood in 1812• Pres Jackson Indian Removal Policy 1830 • Arkansas Statehood in 1836• Texas Republic in 1836
And a Standing Invitation by Spain/Mexico
of Land Grants to Indians and others
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• Alabama-Coushatta• Choctaw• Cherokee • Delaware • Kickapoo• Seminole• Shawnee • Quapaw
Other Indian Tribes thatMoved into Caddo Area
Residential Indian Tribes: Wichita, Tonkawa
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Caddo Homelands in the U.S. in 1830’s
Treaty of 1835
Ceded ½ million Acres
Louisiana
Texas Arkansas
Hasinai
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Caddo Locations 1835 - 1854
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Caddos of the Naches
Cherokees
Shawanee
Delawares
Kickapoos
Quapaws
Choctaws
Boluxies
Iawanies
Alabamas-Cochatties
Tahoocattakes
Unataquous
Treaty with Texas in 1836
1500 Square Miles From Tyler to Alto, Tx
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Known Epidemics in Caddo Area in Texas
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Caddo Population 1700 - 1780
Population Estimates 1700:
Kadohadacho 3,500
Hasinai 4,500
Natchitoches 2,000
Total 10,000
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Brazos Reservation contained 73 square
miles
Brazos Reservation
Ft. Worth 90 Miles
Wichita Falls 30 Miles
Caddos (500)
Wichitas
Delawares
Shawnees
Tonkawa
*Choctaw
Reservation in West Texas-1854
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Washita River
Caddo Reservation
Caddo Reservation in Oklahoma –Moved from Texas in1859
Approximately 500 Caddos in this Group
Canadian River
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Allotment Era: 1901
• Every Caddo was allotted 160 acres
• 560 Caddo Allotments totaling 90,000 acres
• Caddo Reservation Opened to Public by Lottery Drawing
Current Population in 2012: Caddo Enrolled Tribal Members now total some 4,500 persons.