Presentation Package for Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e Section VII: Concept 19 The Use and...

Presentation Package for Presentation Package for Concepts of Fitness and Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7eWellness 7e

Section VII: Concept Section VII: Concept 1919

The Use and The Use and Abuse of Abuse of AlcoholAlcohol

Alcohol is among the most widely used and destructive Alcohol is among the most widely used and destructive drugs and ranks high among causes of health problems drugs and ranks high among causes of health problems and death in our culture.and death in our culture.

Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7eConcepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e 22

Alcohol & Alcoholic Alcohol & Alcoholic BeveragesBeverages

Contain ethanol (ethyl alcohol)Contain ethanol (ethyl alcohol) Addictive drugAddictive drug Classified as a depressantClassified as a depressant As blood alcohol concentration As blood alcohol concentration

(BAC) decreases(BAC) decreases depressant depressant As BAC increasesAs BAC increases stimulant stimulant More synonyms for the word More synonyms for the word

drunkdrunk or or intoxicationintoxication than any than any other word in the English other word in the English languagelanguage


Alcohol Content in Alcohol Content in DrinksDrinks

Beer: 5% alcohol X 12 oz = .48 oz alcoholWine: 12% alcohol X 4 oz = .48 oz alcoholWhiskey: 40% alcohol X 1.25 oz = .5 oz alcohol

All three have the same alcohol contentdespite different volumes


Factors Determining the Factors Determining the Effects of Alcohol Effects of Alcohol

How much was consumedHow much was consumed Rate of consumptionRate of consumption What is in stomachWhat is in stomach Presence of carbonationPresence of carbonation Mood statusMood status SexSex

Lab 19a information


Rate of Alcohol Rate of Alcohol RemovalRemoval

Liver can process .25 oz of alcohol Liver can process .25 oz of alcohol per hour (1-2 hrs to process 1 drink)per hour (1-2 hrs to process 1 drink)

Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) is Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) is measured as a %measured as a %

BAC decreases by about .015% per BAC decreases by about .015% per hr hr

Risk in driving increases when BAC Risk in driving increases when BAC is between 0.01 and 0.04%is between 0.01 and 0.04%

Legal limit is .08% Legal limit is .08% (Minnesota – last state (Minnesota – last state to adopt this standard, Aug 05)to adopt this standard, Aug 05)


Health ConsequencesHealth Consequences Heavy drinkingHeavy drinkingfattyfatty liver liver

(can be reversible)(can be reversible) AlcoholicAlcoholic HepatitisHepatitis – –

destruction of tissue, destruction of tissue, development of scar development of scar tissue; still reversibletissue; still reversible

AlcoholicAlcoholic CirrhosisCirrhosis – – permanent scarring of the permanent scarring of the liver; not reversibleliver; not reversible


Health ConsequencesHealth Consequences Increased risk of cardiovascular diseasesIncreased risk of cardiovascular diseases

(Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, Hypertension)(Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, Hypertension) Increased risk of cancer Increased risk of cancer (liver, stomach, (liver, stomach,

colon, pancreas, breast, mouth, throat)colon, pancreas, breast, mouth, throat) Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS)

– Most well-known neuropsychiatric disease Most well-known neuropsychiatric disease associated with alcohol consumptionassociated with alcohol consumption

Impaired immune systemImpaired immune system MalnutritionMalnutrition Reproductive problemsReproductive problems

Click here for info from Nat. Institute of alcohol abuse and Alcoholism


Health Health BenefitsBenefits Moderate consumption (not for Moderate consumption (not for

everyone)everyone)– 1 drink/day for women1 drink/day for women– Up to 2 drinks/day for menUp to 2 drinks/day for men

Decreased risk for CHD, Type II Decreased risk for CHD, Type II diabetes, and certain types of strokediabetes, and certain types of stroke

Unclear as to exact mechanismsUnclear as to exact mechanisms– Moderate drinker characteristicsModerate drinker characteristics

Higher education and incomeHigher education and income Better diet and more regular exerciseBetter diet and more regular exercise

– Reduced blood clottingReduced blood clotting– Increased HDL levelsIncreased HDL levels


Behavioral Behavioral Consequences Consequences of Alcohol Useof Alcohol Use

Contributes to 50% of all Contributes to 50% of all motor vehicle fatalitiesmotor vehicle fatalities

Contributes to unsafe sex Contributes to unsafe sex and increased risk of AIDSand increased risk of AIDS

Contributes to risky behavior Contributes to risky behavior and accidental deathand accidental death

Click here for info Click here for info from MADD sitefrom MADD site


Social Consequences Social Consequences of Alcohol Use on of Alcohol Use on CampusCampus

80% of campus vandalism 80% of campus vandalism involved alcoholinvolved alcohol

70% of violent behavior on 70% of violent behavior on campus involved alcoholcampus involved alcohol

75% of men and 55% of women 75% of men and 55% of women involved in acquaintance rape involved in acquaintance rape were under the influence of were under the influence of alcoholalcohol Click here for info from the Higher Education Center Click here for info from the Higher Education Center

for Alcohol and Other Drug Preventionfor Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention


Alcohol Consumption & Alcohol Consumption & AbuseAbuse

Alcohol abuseAlcohol abuse Alcohol dependenceAlcohol dependence Tolerance Tolerance

– ““I can hold my liquor; YouI can hold my liquor; You’’re a re a lightweightlightweight””

WithdrawalWithdrawal– Anxiety, increased HR, sweating, Anxiety, increased HR, sweating,

hand tremors, nausea, vomitinghand tremors, nausea, vomiting– Can lead to hallucinations and grand Can lead to hallucinations and grand

mal seizuresmal seizures


College Students & College Students & DrinkingDrinking

~80% of ~80% of college college students students drinkdrink

Significant Significant public health public health problemproblem


Academic Academic Consequences Consequences of Alcohol Useof Alcohol Use

40% of poor academic 40% of poor academic performance at college has performance at college has been linked to drinkingbeen linked to drinking

7% of first year dropouts are 7% of first year dropouts are related to alcoholrelated to alcohol

Alcohol intake is inversely Alcohol intake is inversely related to GPArelated to GPA


Rates of Drinking on College Rates of Drinking on College Campuses Campuses (Data from 17,542 (Data from 17,542 students from 140 Colleges)students from 140 Colleges)

MEN MEN WOMEN WOMEN

Non-drinkersNon-drinkers 15%15% 16%16%

Occasional DrinkerOccasional Drinker 35%35% 45%45%

Binge Drinker *Binge Drinker * 50%50% 39%39%* Binge drinking was * Binge drinking was defined as having 5 drinks defined as having 5 drinks in a row at least once in a row at least once every 2 weeks.every 2 weeks.

See Web19-3 for more information about drinking rates on campuses


Attitudes and Attitudes and Perceptions toward Perceptions toward Alcohol on CampusAlcohol on Campus

95% of students believe that 95% of students believe that the average student drinks the average student drinks alcohol weeklyalcohol weekly

30% of students indicated 30% of students indicated they would prefer they would prefer NOTNOT to to have alcohol at partieshave alcohol at parties

Web19-3


Why People Start Why People Start DrinkingDrinking

Peer pressurePeer pressure Need to belong and be acceptedNeed to belong and be accepted Media depiction of drinkingMedia depiction of drinking Easy access (often at home)Easy access (often at home) Absence of religious attachmentAbsence of religious attachment Cultural / sociological traditionsCultural / sociological traditions Social "lubrication"Social "lubrication" Makes one "feel good"Makes one "feel good"


Trends in Youth Alcohol Trends in Youth Alcohol UseUse(High School Students)(High School Students)

Youth Risk Behavior Survey – Youth Online DatabaseYouth Risk Behavior Survey – Youth Online Database

% of students who had five or more drinks of

alcohol in a row, that is, within a couple of hours, on one or more of the past 30 days

01020304050

Total Females Males

Subgroup

Pe

rce

nt

1997

1999

2001

2003


Trends in Binge Trends in Binge Drinking Among High Drinking Among High School YouthSchool Youth

Youth Risk Behavior Survey – Youth Online DatabaseYouth Risk Behavior Survey – Youth Online Database

% of students who had five or more drinks of

alcohol in a row, that is, within a couple of hours, on one or more of the past 30 days

01020304050

Total Females Males

Subgroup

Pe

rce

nt

1997

1999

2001

2003

What factors are What factors are contributing to the contributing to the decline in alcohol use decline in alcohol use and abuse?and abuse?

Will it continue?Will it continue?


Steps to Being a Steps to Being a Responsible DrinkerResponsible Drinker

Limit number of drinksLimit number of drinks Drink less than 1 per 90 min.Drink less than 1 per 90 min. Sip slowlySip slowly Eat lots of protein/starchEat lots of protein/starch Avoid carbonated drinksAvoid carbonated drinks Measure drinks carefullyMeasure drinks carefully Don't drive if intoxicatedDon't drive if intoxicated

Lab 19bLab 19binformationinformation


How to Help a Friend How to Help a Friend with a Drinking with a Drinking ProblemProblem

Plan a time to talk with person about Plan a time to talk with person about itit

Confront behavior - not the individual!Confront behavior - not the individual! Use "Use "II" not "" not "youyou" in statements" in statements Don't judge, blame or lectureDon't judge, blame or lecture Be genuine, kind, and honestBe genuine, kind, and honest Be prepared for denial or rejectionBe prepared for denial or rejection Have referral resources availableHave referral resources available


Web ResourcesWeb Resources

““On the WebOn the Web”” pages for Concept pages for Concept

Online Learning CenterOnline Learning Center

Supplemental GraphicsSupplemental Graphics

Lab InformationLab Information


Lab 19a InformationLab 19a InformationBlood Alcohol LevelsBlood Alcohol Levels

Go through calculations to Go through calculations to estimate your blood alcohol estimate your blood alcohol content.content.

Discuss whether you were Discuss whether you were surprised by the figures and surprised by the figures and whether it may influence whether it may influence your drinking behavior.your drinking behavior.

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Lab 19b InformationLab 19b InformationPerceptions about Alcohol UsePerceptions about Alcohol Use

Evaluate the drinking Evaluate the drinking behavior of yourself or a behavior of yourself or a person close to you.person close to you.

How would you classify How would you classify yourself or your friend yourself or your friend regarding drinking behavior.regarding drinking behavior.

Would others view you or Would others view you or your friend the same way?your friend the same way?

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