Presentation on WAP[2].ppt

7/29/2019 Presentation on WAP[2].ppt

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Presentation on WAP

Keerti SharmaAugust 2002


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August 2002

Agenda

What is WAP ?

Limitations of Internet for wireless applications

WAP Architecture / protocol stack

WAP Components / WML

WAP brings Internet to hand-held devices

Conclusion


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August 2002

What is WAP ?

WAPThe Wireless Application Protocol Makes it possible to access the Internet via wireless

devices such as mobile phones, PDAs etc.

Set of rules governing transmission/reception of data

by wireless devices (e.g. mobile phones)


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August 2002

Limitations of Internet for

Wireless ApplicationsTraditional Internet applications cannot run on mobile

devices because of the following limitations:

Low bandwidth network High Latency network

Limited connection stability

Small display size

Limited input facility

Limited memory

Limited processing power


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August 2002

Limitations of Internet (contd)

Low bandwidth Size of an HTML page, including graphics 20 KB

Download time (56Kbps modem) 3 s

Bandwidth of wireless network 9.6Kbps

Download time for data on one page 17 s

High latency At the expiry of retransmission timer value, the TCP layer resends the

packet of data An average latency in a wireless network is around s but can be as high

as 10s

This can cause a lot of retransmission causing severe congestion


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August 2002

Limitations of Internet (contd)

Limited connection stability

Small display size

Limited input facility

Limited memory

Limited processing power


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August 2002

WAP Architecture/Protocol Stack


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August 2002

WAP Architecture (contd)

.

Web Server

Content

CGI

Scripts

etc.

WMLDecks

withWM

L-Script

WAP Gateway

WML Encoder

WMLScriptCompiler

Protocol Adapters

Client

WML

WML-

Script

WTAI

Etc.

HTTPWSP/WTP


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August 2002


.

WAP Application Server

Content

Application

Logic

W

MLDecks

withWML-Script

WML Encoder

WMLScript

Compiler

Protocol Adapters

ClientWML

WML-

Script

WTAI

Etc.

WSP/WTP


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August 2002


WAE - holds the tools that wireless Internet contentdevelopers use.

WSP - determines whether a session between thedevice and the network will be connection-oriented orconnectionless.

WTP - acts like a traffic cop, keeping the data flowingin a logical and smooth manner. It also determineshow to classify each transaction request:

Reliable two way (WTP/C)

Reliable one way (WTP/T)

Unreliable one way (WTP/D)

WTLS - provides many of the same security featuresfound in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) part ofTCP/IP.

WDP - makes it easy to adapt the transport layer to avariety of bearers because all that needs to change is

the information maintained at this level.


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August 2002


.


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August 2002


In a real WAP solution, the main components include: WAP Device

Bearer

WAP Gateway

Content

Content Server


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August 2002

WAP Components (contd)

WAP Gateway

Encoder: converts WML to binarized WML

Adaptor: provides additional information throughHTTP header

Translate HTTP requests to WSP.

Convert between SSL and WTLS

Convert transport protocols (TCP and WDP)


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August 2002


WML (Wireless Markup Language) An XML-based markup language that describes how WAP content is

presented on a wireless terminal

Differs from HTML in the following WML was specifically designed for wireless terminals with a target screen that

is only a few lines long and about an inch wide.

WML is case sensitive, and all tags and attributes should be in lowercase.

Unlike HTML, WML is unforgiving of incorrectly nested tags.

WML doesn't assume that a keyboard or a mouse is available for userinput.Based on these differences, WML provides a smaller, telephony-aware set of tags that make it more appropriate than HTML forhandheld wireless terminals.


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August 2002


WML Contd Card metaphor

User interactions are split into cards

Navigation occurs between cards

Explicit inter-card navigation model

Hyperlinks

History

State management and variables

Reduce network traffic

Results in better caching


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August 2002

Example of WML

.Card

Input

Elements

Navigation

Variables


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August 2002

A Deck of Cards

.

Acme Inc.
Directory

Services

Email

Phone

Fax

Acme Inc.

Directory

_____________

Next

Services

1>Email

2 Phone____________

OK


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August 2002

WAP brings Internet to Hand-

held DevicesWAP handles limited bandwidth Minimizes traffic over wireless interface

WSP layer, too, is binary encoded WTP is not only designed to minimize amount of data but also number of

transactions

WAP handles high latency WAE uses scripting to avoid round trip delays, e.g. by validating user input locally

WTAI environment introduces a repository to hold services that should be started

in response to an event in mobile network, e.g. incoming call.


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August 2002

WAP brings (contd)

WAP handles less stable connections The sessions supported by WSP are assumed to be long-lived.

WTP layer has been kept very simple compared to TCP WTP supports selective retransmission of data

WAP handles small displays WML structures its documents in Decks & Cards

When an application is executed, user navigates through a series of cards
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=kokomojr-tvchimp.com/photos/playing-cards-spread.GIF&imgrefurl=http://kokomojr-tvchimp.com/mem-playing-cards.htm&h=280&w=371&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplaying%2Bcards%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=kokomojr-tvchimp.com/photos/playing-cards-spread.GIF&imgrefurl=http://kokomojr-tvchimp.com/mem-playing-cards.htm&h=280&w=371&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplaying%2Bcards%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN


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August 2002

WAP brings (contd)

WAP handles limited input facilities The WML elements can be easily be implemented without much input required from

the key-board

Deck & Cards model requires minimal navigation between pages

Soft buttons or user-definable keys are also supported by WML

WAP handles limited memory and CPU Defining a light weight protocol stack Limited functionality provided by WML & WMLScript

Binary encoding of WML & WMLScript


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August 2002

Conclusion

WAP provides a microbrowser optimized for wirelessdevices Requires minimal RAM, ROM, Display, CPU and keys

WAP Offers Bearer Independence Allows Applications developed once to work across all networks

Protects the Carriers investment in wireless data as networks evolve

Enables Mobile Device Manufacturers to use common code across products

WAP Offers Device Independence Allows applications developed once to work across devices from smallhandsets to powerful PDAs

Promotes consistent user experience across all of a carriers handset offerings

Encourages a wealth of applications for handset manufacturers


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August 2002

Some WAP applications

Location-based services Real-time traffic reporting

Event/restaurant recommendation

Highly customized ads

Instant messaging-type buddy location

Enterprise solutions Email access

Database access

A global intranet

Information updates pushed to WAP

devices

Financial services Banking

Bill-paying

Stock trading Funds transfers

Travel services Schedules and rescheduling

Reservations


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August 2002

Some known WAP Services

123Jump (http://www.123jump.com)A selection of stock data & news, all via WAP

Ajaxo (http://www.ajaxo.com)A WAP service for wireless stock trading from any WAP enabled device

2PL WorldWide Hotel Guide (http://wap.2pl.com)A hotel guide, accessible in multiple languages via WAP enabled device

Traffic Maps (http://www.webraska.com)A French service that monitors and shows latest traffic news via maps
http://www.123jump.com/http://www.ajaxo.com/http://wap.2pl.com/http://www.webraska.com/http://www.webraska.com/http://wap.2pl.com/http://www.ajaxo.com/http://www.123jump.com/


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August 2002

WAP demo

http://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_demo.asp
http://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_demo.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_demo.asp


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August 2002

Next presentation will cover

WAP 2.0

Integrating JAVA with WAP

Push Technology in WAP

Using WAP with Bluetooth


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August 2002

References 1.

http://www.wapforum.org

http://www.mobileinfo.com/WAP/components.htm

http://wap.sonyericsson.com/http://www.nokia.com/phones/9110/app.html

http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/wap/

http://www.wapaka.com/wapaka/default.asp

http://www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/2001_04/files/2001043.pdf

http://www.btob.barnesandnoble.com/offers/wapgap.asp?btob=Y

http://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_pages.asp
http://www.wapforum.org/http://www.mobileinfo.com/WAP/components.htmhttp://wap.sonyericsson.com/http://www.nokia.com/phones/9110/app.htmlhttp://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/wap/http://www.wapaka.com/wapaka/default.asphttp://www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/2001_04/files/2001043.pdfhttp://www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/2001_04/files/2001043.pdfhttp://www.btob.barnesandnoble.com/offers/wapgap.asp?btob=Yhttp://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_pages.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/wap/wap_pages.asphttp://www.btob.barnesandnoble.com/offers/wapgap.asp?btob=Yhttp://www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/2001_04/files/2001043.pdfhttp://www.ericsson.com/about/publications/review/2001_04/files/2001043.pdfhttp://www.wapaka.com/wapaka/default.asphttp://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/wap/http://www.nokia.com/phones/9110/app.htmlhttp://wap.sonyericsson.com/http://www.mobileinfo.com/WAP/components.htmhttp://www.wapforum.org/


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August 2002

References 2.

Professional WAP

WAPA Beginners Guide by Dale Bulbrook

Wireless Crash Course by Bedell

Cracking the CodeWAP, Bluetooth & 3G

Programming

WAP Integrationby Vujosevic & LabergeWAP 2.0 Development by Tull

Presentation on WAP[2].ppt

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