PRESENTATION PRESENTATION

ONON

SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

The term sustainable The term sustainable development was first used at development was first used at the Cocoyoc Declaration on the Cocoyoc Declaration on

Environment and Development Environment and Development in the early 1970 reportin the early 1970 report

It Defination is contained in It Defination is contained in our common our common future – the 1987 report of the future – the 1987 report of the

proceeding of the World Commission proceeding of the World Commission on Environment and Developmenton Environment and Development

Global pandemics, climate change, Global pandemics, climate change, natural disasters, poor soil natural disasters, poor soil

conditions, deforestation — these conditions, deforestation — these issues are at the heart of issues are at the heart of

sustainable development and at the sustainable development and at the heart of the work of The Earth heart of the work of The Earth

Institute.Institute.

Ignoring the issues of sustainable development Ignoring the issues of sustainable development has many possible consequences, such as has many possible consequences, such as rising sea levels, , extreme droughts, , erosion and loss of forests,, increases in slum populations, , species extinctions and and collapsing fisheries. . There is also increasing evidence that issues There is also increasing evidence that issues such as water scarcity such as water scarcity play a role in internal violence and regional conflict..

The question of "Is sustainable development The question of "Is sustainable development feasible?" is the subject of the two-day feasible?" is the subject of the two-day conference, conference, State of the Planet, taking place at taking place at The Earth Institute on March 28-29, 2006.The Earth Institute on March 28-29, 2006.

WORLD COMMISSION has given WORLD COMMISSION has given the defination the defination

“Sustainable development is the “Sustainable development is the development that meets the need development that meets the need of present without compromising of present without compromising the ability of future generation to the ability of future generation to

meets their own need”meets their own need”

CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

It implies natural resource management It implies natural resource management that is economically viable in short run that is economically viable in short run and environmentally sustainable in long and environmentally sustainable in long run.run.

It emphasize on optimum management of It emphasize on optimum management of land and water resources so as to land and water resources so as to maintain a balance between productivity maintain a balance between productivity function & conservation practices through function & conservation practices through identification of problem area that require identification of problem area that require alternate management practices. alternate management practices.

Growth & LimitGrowth & Limit This concept create a complex This concept create a complex

debate about SDdebate about SDContinuous economic growth made Continuous economic growth made much more eventually sensitive in much more eventually sensitive in order to raise the living standard the order to raise the living standard the poor globally & break the link poor globally & break the link between poverty and environment.between poverty and environment.

It call for radical change in economic It call for radical change in economic organization producing much lower organization producing much lower rate or zero rate.rate or zero rate.

Thus sustainableThus sustainable development is not looking development is not looking for industrial production for shake of profit alone for industrial production for shake of profit alone nor does it purposes business . Now the issue is nor does it purposes business . Now the issue is how to increase the wealth in eventually sound how to increase the wealth in eventually sound

way in order to make major redistribution on way in order to make major redistribution on income world wide.income world wide.

Principal of sustainability (Principal Principal of sustainability (Principal of Equity) of Equity)

The principal of interageneration equity The principal of interageneration equity Use of natural resources in such a way to Use of natural resources in such a way to

reduce the wealth gap within and between reduce the wealth gap within and between the nation.the nation.

The principal of intergeneration equityThe principal of intergeneration equity Minimize the adverse impact of utilization of Minimize the adverse impact of utilization of

natural resources on future generationnatural resources on future generation

We should We should - Reduce the pollutionReduce the pollution- Maintain ecological balance Maintain ecological balance

Objective of S. DObjective of S. D

Concern for future generationConcern for future generation

Protection of environmentProtection of environment

Maintenance of high and stable Maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growthlevels of economic growth

Rational utilization of natural Rational utilization of natural resources.resources.

Social progress that recognizes the Social progress that recognizes the needs of everyone. needs of everyone.

Measure to promote Sustainable Measure to promote Sustainable Development.Development.

11. . Restoring the environment and combating Restoring the environment and combating povertypoverty

2. Sustainable mountain farming system.2. Sustainable mountain farming system.- Soil erosion and fertility management.Soil erosion and fertility management.- Dry land agriculture.Dry land agriculture.- Shifting cultivationShifting cultivation3. Afforestation and regeneration of 3. Afforestation and regeneration of

degradation.degradation.4. Rangeland & grassland development4. Rangeland & grassland development5. Control desertification5. Control desertification6. Watershed management 6. Watershed management 7. Natural Hazard & disaster management7. Natural Hazard & disaster management

8. Healthy cropland & woodland8. Healthy cropland & woodland9. To promote renewable energy sources 9. To promote renewable energy sources

of energyof energy10. Women and mountain development10. Women and mountain development11. Conservation of natural resources – 11. Conservation of natural resources –

water forest and soilwater forest and soil12. Hazardous waste management 12. Hazardous waste management

- Reuse, recycle, reduce - Reuse, recycle, reduce 14. Promotion of organic farming 14. Promotion of organic farming

- Application of Biofertilizer- Application of Biofertilizer- Crop rotation- Crop rotation- Intercropping- Intercropping

- Multiple cropping- Multiple cropping

- - Promotion of traditional technologiesPromotion of traditional technologies

Characteristic of SustainabilityCharacteristic of Sustainability1.1. Substitution: Substitution:

The substitution of non renewableThe substitution of non renewablenatural resources are the use of natural resources are the use of renewable energy resources. renewable energy resources. For Eg. The substitution of coal, petrolFor Eg. The substitution of coal, petroland natural gases are wind, solar, and natural gases are wind, solar, geothermal and tidal energy geothermal and tidal energy

2. Renewability2. RenewabilityRenewable resources should be used in Renewable resources should be used in such a way so that the rate of utilization such a way so that the rate of utilization of a resources should be lower then or of a resources should be lower then or equal to the rate of regeneration of equal to the rate of regeneration of resources. resources.

3. Institutional Commitment 3. Institutional Commitment An individual cant bring change. The chang An individual cant bring change. The chang need political support, constitutional need political support, constitutional provision, legal framework and coordination provision, legal framework and coordination between legal institutions.between legal institutions.All level of society must be prepared All level of society must be prepared through education , to accept and the value through education , to accept and the value of sustainable development.of sustainable development.

4. Adaptability 4. Adaptability We have to learn to adapt to c changing environment.We have to learn to adapt to c changing environment.

For eg. We have to adapt ourselves to use clay cups or For eg. We have to adapt ourselves to use clay cups or ordinary glasses that can be washed or used a number ordinary glasses that can be washed or used a number

of time.of time.

4. 4. Interdependence Interdependence There exist interdependence among communities and There exist interdependence among communities and

nations. Environment knows no boundaries. Air pollution nations. Environment knows no boundaries. Air pollution created by nation spread to neighboring countries. So created by nation spread to neighboring countries. So

interdependence and mutual co-operation is necessary interdependence and mutual co-operation is necessary input in maintaining sustainability. input in maintaining sustainability.

ConclusionConclusionIn In orderorder to to promote sustainable development we promote sustainable development we

have to take care of the following area:have to take care of the following area:- Conservation of energyConservation of energy

- Conservation of BiodiversityConservation of Biodiversity- Reduction in pollutionReduction in pollution- Population ControlPopulation Control- Promotion of renewable energy resourcesPromotion of renewable energy resources- Promoting organic farmingPromoting organic farming- Watershed ManagementWatershed Management- An approach of common decision makingAn approach of common decision making

Watershed Management Watershed Management

Watershed ManagementWatershed ManagementWhat is Watershed?What is Watershed?Watershed is a geographical area drained by Watershed is a geographical area drained by a stream or a system connecting stream in a stream or a system connecting stream in which water from all over area flow under which water from all over area flow under gravity to a common drainage channel. gravity to a common drainage channel.

A watershed system deliver water through rills,A watershed system deliver water through rills,gullies, runoff stream to a larger body of gullies, runoff stream to a larger body of water. water. Usually slope of circular or semicircular hilly Usually slope of circular or semicircular hilly range form a good watershed to give rise to a range form a good watershed to give rise to a large aquatic body at foothillslarge aquatic body at foothills

Watershed Watershed

The terms watershed, catchments, drainage area and river The terms watershed, catchments, drainage area and river basin are all used to describe a land.basin are all used to describe a land.

It is determined by topographical features which include a It is determined by topographical features which include a surrounding boundary.surrounding boundary.

In North America, the term “watershed” is restricted In North America, the term “watershed” is restricted sometimes to mean a comparatively small catchments, or sometimes to mean a comparatively small catchments, or sometimes to mean the upland, water-yielding portion of a sometimes to mean the upland, water-yielding portion of a larger river basin. larger river basin. In British Commonwealth countries it is sometimes restricted In British Commonwealth countries it is sometimes restricted to mean “drainage divide”. In this document we will use it to to mean “drainage divide”. In this document we will use it to be synonymous with catchments or river basin, particularly inbe synonymous with catchments or river basin, particularly in the context of “integratedthe context of “integrated

Watershed ManagementWatershed ManagementWatershed management is rational utilization Watershed management is rational utilization

of land and water resource for optimum production of land and water resource for optimum production

with minimum hazards to natural resources. It with minimum hazards to natural resources. It

essentially relate to soil and water conservation.essentially relate to soil and water conservation.

In watershed which means proper land uses, In watershed which means proper land uses,

protecting land from against all forms of protecting land from against all forms of

deterioration , building and maintaining soil deterioration , building and maintaining soil

fertility, conserving water for farms use, proper fertility, conserving water for farms use, proper

management of local water for drainage , flood management of local water for drainage , flood

protection and sediment reduction. protection and sediment reduction.

An integrated watershed Management includeAn integrated watershed Management include

Conserving the water, soil and conserving Conserving the water, soil and conserving surplus water to recharge ground water.surplus water to recharge ground water.Minimize ploughing and forest cutting on Minimize ploughing and forest cutting on steeps slopes protect watershed.steeps slopes protect watershed.Promoting Afforestation, horticulture and Promoting Afforestation, horticulture and pasture.pasture.Promote crop management system to promote Promote crop management system to promote sustainable farming.sustainable farming.Constructing small dams on streams to hold Constructing small dams on streams to hold back water to prevent flooding.back water to prevent flooding.Improving the standard of living of individual Improving the standard of living of individual farmer.farmer.Promoting ecological balancePromoting ecological balance

Benefit of Watershed Management Benefit of Watershed Management

Reduction in the rate of sedimentation in major Reduction in the rate of sedimentation in major dams, rivers and harborsdams, rivers and harbors Reduction of run-off and damaging floodsReduction of run-off and damaging floodsConservation of soil fertility and the maintenance Conservation of soil fertility and the maintenance and improvement of agricultural productivityand improvement of agricultural productivityMaintenance and improvement of water qualityMaintenance and improvement of water qualityReduction in soil salinity and acidityReduction in soil salinity and acidityProtection of wildlife habitatProtection of wildlife habitatIncreased public awareness of the inter-Increased public awareness of the inter-relationships within watersheds and relationships within watersheds and identification of land capabilityidentification of land capabilityMaintenance and improvement of tree and Maintenance and improvement of tree and vegetation cover.vegetation cover.

Due improper management of Due improper management of WatershedWatershed

Strategies of Integrated Watershed Strategies of Integrated Watershed ManagementManagement

(a) Coordination of policies, programmes and activities as they relate to integrated watershedmanagement;(b) Promotion of community participation in integrated watershed management;(c) Identification and rehabilitation of natural resource degradation;(d) Promotion of the sustainable use of natural resources;(e) Provision of stable and productive soils, high quality water, and protective vegetative coverwithin individual watersheds.

Other MeasuresOther Measures• prevent further land degradation• restore degraded natural resources• ensure that natural resources are used within their capability• minimize the impacts arising from the use of natural resources• ensure that native flora and fauna are protected• promote appropriate planning and management• preserve items and places having cultural heritage values