Self and Time

Management for

Students

Pakistan Naval Academy

Karachi

May 29, 2009

Students to do

Students to do

Change your habits accordingly.

Develop your skills.

Work hard.

Review your progress.

Document yourself.

The Study and Examination

Process

Assessment

Phase I

Study

Planning

Phase II

Develop

Skills

Phase III

Fighting

Anxiety and

Stress

Phase IV

Attempting the

Paper

Phase V

Assess your position

The Process

Determine Objectives

of life.

Why you have been created.

Where will you go

ultimately.

Set your goals

Personal Career

Economic Family

And Social

Prepare your

Plus and Minus

position. Find out.

Find out your problems. Problem

within you and problem around you.

Know your syllabus

and get the right books.

Get base

books and also

Supplementary

books

Review past years papers

and find out

the exanimation

trend

Plan study environment.

Make plan and schedule your

activities.

Make a practical time table.

Make a system of

making daily review and note your progress regularly.

Use charts.

Assess your position

The Process

Reading.

How do you read. What

is comfortable environment

for you.

Listening and notes

taking.

Your class room roles,

participation and

retention style.

Notes making

and retention as notes (sheets), Cards or soft copy

Revisions. How do you retain your record and

how often do you revise

them. Revision for examination Is important.

Assess your position

The Process

Fight

with these

problems.

The Process

Stress.

Here time management

skills are required.

Anxiety. Here

psychological

improvement is required.

Pressures, interruptions, Barriers and constraints.

Procrastination. Lethargy.

Delaying the important

Items.

Struggle is the meaning of life. Defeat or victory is in the hands of God. Struggle itself man’s duty and should be his joy.

What's Success

2-Studying

2.1 Before starting the studies

2.1.1 Have a goal in mind

It is always helpful to have a clear objective in mind, for the studies that a student is pursuing. These objectives can be different for students of different levels or categories. Some of these might be:

To have the basic education without which one cannot be recognized by the society as an educated person.

2.1.1 Have a goal in mind

To acquire a higher

learning in a subject of

special interest, such as

International Relations

or Applied Chemistry.

To enable one to take

up the profession of

one’s choice and liking.

To move higher in one’s

career.

2.1.2 Know the syllabus

Many students do not know exactly what

topics are included in the course.

In such a situation, they might be wasting

their time on what is not expected from

them.

it is, therefore, important that a student

should acquire a copy of the syllabus.

Examination Planning Chart

EXAM – MODULE E

NAME OF SUBJECT

BASIC BOOKS(S)

SUPPLEMENTARY BOOK(S)

HELPING PERSONS

COACHING

NOTES

NOTES STATUS

FILE STATUS

2.1.3 Acquire books and other

necessities

Besides the prescribed textbooks, often other related books are also recommended.

Acquire them wherever possible. Books too costly or not available in the market may be borrowed from friends or libraries.

Also, collect past years question papers.

Get a good dictionary and other necessary items like paper, pen, pencil and folders.

2.1.4 Ascertain important areas

Important portions of the course from which

questions might be expected to be asked in

the examination, are often indicated by the

teachers.

In addition, the student too can work out

himself such parts by studying thoroughly

the past years’ question papers.

The student should work harder on these

portions of the course.

2.2 Preferred environment and

modes of study

Methods of study largely depend on an individual’s nature and circumstances.

Methods of study also differ from subject to subject. The methods suitable for the study of Political Science, for example, are not likely to be the same as those for Information Technology.

2.2 Preferred environment and

modes of study

Yet there are certain

aspects which are

common and certain rules

that apply in most cases.

Some of these are detailed

here.

2.2.1 Place of study

One can always try to re-locate or re-arrange his or her place of study so as to bring it as close to the ideal one as possible.

It is better not to change your place of study every now and then.

Stick to one place.

A good place of study is a quiet private room, well-lit and properly furnished. Some of the essential requirements of the room are:

2.2.1 Place of study

Table and chair.

Bookshelves and a notice-board.

Lights.

Cooling and fresh air.

2.2.2 Preferred posture.

A person studies with

his mind. But what

should he do with his

body along all that?

A very comfortable

chair with thick

cushions might turn

create drowsiness.

2.3 Joint studies

Such an arrangement can prove to be fruitful only if the two partners happen to be of comparable intelligence and understanding of the subject as well as being equally serious in the pursuit of their studies.

2.4 Fighting distractions

During studies most of the significant distractions, except noise, are internal—created by one’s own mind. These include:

Indecision

Daydreams

Personal problems

Anxiety due to unrealistic goals

2.5 Preparing Plans and

Timetables

After acquiring information about the syllabus, key areas and the trends in question papers, the next step is to prepare a plan an a timetable for studies.

Usually, a plan covers a longer period of time and indicates only broadly the intended scheme of studies.

It will show what topics or subjects are to be taken up first, which areas are to be given more time and also that what proportion of time one would give to rest, recreation and sleep.

IF YOU FAIL TO

PLAN

YOU ARE

PLANNING TO

FAIL

EXAMINATION TREND CHART AND PLANNER

EXAMINATION WEEK ENDING PLAN

HOURS ALLOCATION. BASIS: FOR 100 MARKS = 150 HOURS (NET)

E

EXAMINATION TREND CHART AND PLANNER

EXAMINATION WEEK ENDING PLAN

HOURS ALLOCATION. BASIS: FOR 100 MARKS = 150 HOURS (NET)

MODULE E

SUBJECTS

Advance Auditing

Advanced Accounting and

Financial Reporting

Corporate Law Business Management

TOTAL MARKS

WEEK ENDING

TOTAL HOURS

PREPARATION

2.5.2 Timetables

On the other hand,

timetables cover a

shorter period, a week

or a day, and give

more exact details.

A daily timetable will

indicate the exact

timings and duration

of various activities.

2.5.2 Timetables

A weekly timetable consists of such schedules for every day of the week which may or may not be repeated over the following weeks.

The under mentioned points should be kept in mind while preparing timetables:

2.5.2 Timetables

Study hours : The best hours for study are in the morning when the mind is fresh and it is easy to concentrate. Find your best study hours under your own circumstances.

Periods of study: The periods of study may stretch from one to three hours.

Concentration and efficiency tend to dwindle after about an hour’s study.

2.5.2 Timetables

Give more daylight hours to study: It has been established by research one hour’s study during the day equals one and a half hour’s study at night.

Difficult parts: The most difficult part of the course should be studied during hours found best for studies. Find your prime time.

Revision: Each day’s study session should be started with a revision of the previous day’s work. This would re-enforce the previous day’s work and would also serve as a warm up process for this day’s session.

2.5.2 Timetables

Relaxation, exercise and sleep: The timetable must allocate sufficient time for sleep and adequate periods for relaxation and exercise.

Synchronize his period of relaxation and recreation with those of others in the family..

Good meals: Well-balanced meals should be taken at the proper time. Greasy or low protein food is not advisable. Deficiencies in the diet lead to weariness and lack of enthusiasm for work.

EXAMINATION STUDY EVALUATION

SUBJECT PREPARATION STATUS AS ON

SUBJECTS A B C D E F G H

PROGRESSIVE

PERCENTAGE

100

95

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

05

3-Reading

Methods

3.1.1 Examining a book-

This is called skimming. One just

glances through a book to find out its

scope and contents.

This kind of ‘reading’ is undertaken when

one has to examine if a particular book

would be useful for his studies or not.

3.1.2 Locating an important

point or topic

It involves going through the pages of a book rapidly to locate a certain point or topic which is now required to be consulted.

This is called scanning.

A student often needs to scan books and periodicals during his studies to re-locate a point which he might have already gone through earlier.

3.1.3 Serious reading

This is reading for a study. One goes through the pages of the book slowly and often repeatedly. The object is to understand and digest fully what has been said in those pages.

A hardworking student would usually write the passage himself in his own words to check if he has understood the text correctly and fully.

3.2 What is a good reading

speed ?

Although there are people who can read

much faster, a speed of 250-300 words

per minute is good enough.

Reading speed problem, if it exists, can

be over come by enlarging one’s

vocabulary and mastering the difficult

words that come across frequently

3.3 Concentration

Some of the techniques

that can help secure

concentration are

given below:

No room for other thoughts

Thinking about future

Every thing should be handy

Ignoring unavoidable noises

Understanding

Construct a word diagram or concept map.

The various steps for this process are as under:

The concerned passage should be read thoroughly and its meaning be understood as much as possible.

Find out the central idea and other points should be linked to this.

Understanding

The passage should be read again to find out other key ideas. These should be listed on a separate sheet of paper.

The key words should now be written on the paper carrying the most important or main idea, so as to show their relationship with each other and also with the main idea.

Understanding

Lines should be drawn among them and these lines should be labeled with words indicating the relationship.

The diagram should now be reviewed to find out if some other information is required to be added, or if some other arrangement would be better.

More passages can be summarized in this manner.

Methods of remembering

The text should be read several times so as to be understood fully.

If it is lengthy, break up in to convenient pieces.

When it is felt that the gist of the text can now be recalled easily, it should be written in one’s own words and compared with the original to check if it has been accurately reproduced.

Methods of remembering

A convenient method of remembering things is to associate them with a word or phrase which could be easily remembered.

VIBGYOR. Here V stands for violet, I for indigo, B blue, G for green, Y for yellow, O for orange and R for Red.

4-Listening and Notes Taking

Listening

Listening is distinctly different from

hearing.

Listening is a conscious act.

One must be fully attentive to it.

So in a classroom, one is not just

hearing but listening to the teacher or the

lecturer

Notes Taking

Notes taking is a skill and

needs to be developed for

success in one’s studies.

Some techniques of taking

accurate and meaningful

notes at a reasonably fast

speed are described here.

The techniques are:

Revision-Importance

It’s a bridge between what you have

studied, learnt and remembered and

what you are going to attempt.

Method of Revision

While carrying out a revision of studies, it is advisable to observe the following:

Consult the notes

New material to be avoided:

Recalling is more effective than just reading:

Revision sessions:

Major revision:

The bulk of the revision should be completed about one week ahead of the examination. Last minute rush with late night sittings often produce fatigue and confusion.

6-Fighting Stress and

Anxiety

How to deal it

Anxiety and Stress

Anxiety

Stress

Fighting stress and

anxiety

The goals must be

achievable

Divide the load-

Prioritize-important

and urgent analysis

Brief diversion

Recreation

Exercises

Our time wasters

Major time wasters External

1. Unplanned visitors 2. Unorganized meetings 3. Excessive paper work 4. Poor communication 5. Socializing 6. Incomplete information 7. Meetings 8. Paperwork 9. Poor communication

Our time wasters Major time wasters

Internal 1. Lack of proper priorities 2. Too little delegation 3. Spreading yourself too thin 4. Lacking "I can do it" attitude

5. Unclear planning 6. Attempting too much 7. Inability to say ‘no’ 8. Inadequate planning 9. Lack of self-discipline 10.Leaving tasks unfinished

At the Examination

7.1 Getting seated

Arrive earlier to see the

seating arrangement.

If optional, choose

according to your

preference.

EXAMINATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME

PLANNING TO ATTEMPT THE PAPER

1. READ “REQUIRED 2. FIND CLUE 3. UNDERLINE THE CLUE 4. PRIORITIZE 5. OUTLINE AS FOLLOWS TIME FOR 1-4 10 MINUTES FOR 5 15 MINUTES THEN FOR EACH 1 MARK ALLOCATE 1.5 MINUTES LAST 5 MINUTES FOR REVISION

7.1 Getting seated

Instructions must be

listened to attentively

and abided by fully.

Before starting answering the

questions

Reading the instructions:

Choosing the questions to be attempted:

Allocating time for each question:

Answering the questions

The First Question to

be answered

Planning the answer

Writing the answer

Reviewing the answer

Number of

questions/sections to

be attempted

Use last two pages for

planning the paper

EXAMINATION TREND CHART AND PLANNER

EXAM TREND:___________________ SUBJECT: E-14 Advanced Auditing

Y – I Y – II Y – III Y – IV Y – V SUPPLEMENTARY

BOOK S.

NO. T O P I C S

2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1

TOTAL

MARS

%

BASE

BOOK I II

NOTES CARDS REF.

EXAMINATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME

MODULE E

DATE D A Y FROM TO FROM TO FROM TO

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

MENTION TIME RANGE IN COLUMN (FORM __________ TO ___________)

EXAMINATION STUDY EVALUATION

SUBJECT PREPARATION STATUS AS ON

SUBJECTS A B C D E F G H

PROGRESSIVE

PERCENTAGE

100

95

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

05

EXAMINATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME

ACCOUNTING – SOAPRATE

E N T R I E S SEQUENCE OF ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES RELATED ACCOUNTING TRANSACTIONS

DEBIT CREDIT

PLANNING GUIDE FOR STUDY – C.A. 2002

JAN. FEB. MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.

Sat. 1 Sat

Sun. 2 1 1 Sun.

Mon. 1 3 1 2 2 Mon.

Tue 1 2 4 2 3 1 3 Tue

Wed. 2 3 1 5 3 4 2 4 Wed.

Thu. 3 4 2 6 4 1 5 3 5 Thu.

Fri. 4 1 1 5 3 7 5 2 6 4 1 6 Fri.

Sat 5 2 2 6 4 8 6 3 7 5 2 7 Sat

Sun. 6 3 3 7 5 9 7 4 8 6 3 8 Sun.

Mon. 7 4 4 8 6 10 8 5 9 7 4 9 Mon.

Tue 8 5 5 9 7 11 9 6 10 8 5 10 Tue

Wed. 9 6 6 10 8 12 10 7 11 9 6 11 Wed.

Thu. 10 7 7 11 9 13 11 8 12 10 7 12 Thu.

Fri. 11 8 8 12 10 14 12 9 13 11 8 13 Fri.

Sat 12 9 9 13 11 15 13 10 14 12 9 14 Sat

Sun. 13 10 10 14 12 16 14 11 15 13 10 15 Sun.

Mon. 14 11 11 15 13 17 15 12 16 14 11 16 Mon.

Tue 15 12 12 16 14 18 16 13 17 15 12 17 Tue

Wed. 16 13 13 17 15 19 17 14 18 16 13 18 Wed.

Thu. 17 14 14 18 16 20 18 15 19 17 14 19 Thu.

Fri. 18 15 15 19 17 21 19 16 20 18 15 20 Fri.

Sat 19 16 16 20 18 22 20 17 21 19 16 21 Sat

Sun. 20 17 17 21 19 23 21 18 22 20 17 22 Sun.

Mon. 21 18 18 22 20 24 22 19 23 21 18 23 Mon.

Tue 22 19 19 23 21 25 23 20 24 22 19 24 Tue

Wed. 23 20 20 24 22 26 24 21 25 23 20 25 Wed.

Thu. 24 21 21 25 23 27 25 22 26 24 21 26 Thu.

Fri. 25 22 22 26 24 28 26 23 27 25 22 27 Fri.

Sat 26 23 23 27 25 29 27 24 28 26 23 28 Sat

Sun. 27 24 24 28 26 30 28 25 29 27 24 29 Sun.

Mon. 28 25 25 29 27 29 26 30 28 25 30 Mon.

Tue 29 26 26 30 28 30 27 29 26 31 Tue

Wed. 30 27 27 29 31 28 30 27 Wed.

Thu. 31 28 28 30 29 31 28 Thu.

Fri. 29 31 30 29 Fri.

Sat. 30 31 30 Sat.

Sun. 31 Sun.

JAN. FEB. MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.

Here is a list of our activities. You

have to show whether you agree or

disagree with each activity.

Say –Yes/No

AREAS / ACTIVITIES

Studying ■

Attending classes

Notes making

TV ■

Functions

Emails ■

AREAS / ACTIVITIES

Shopping

House keeping

Hospitality

Laundry

Planning

Reading.

AREAS / ACTIVITIES

Trouble shooting

Telephone and mobile

Writing

Sleeping

AREAS / ACTIVITIES

Text messages

Telephone and mobiles ■

Internet ■

Unending searches

How time passes

This chart shows what you might be doing with your time in a life of average length.

Tying one’s shoes 8 days

Waiting for traffic lights to change 1 month

Time spent at the barber shop 1 month

Dialing the telephone 1 month

Riding elevators (in big cities) 3 months

Brushing one teeth 3 months

How time passes

Waiting for the bus (in cities) 5 months

Time spent in the shower or

bathroom 6 months

Reading books ■ 2 years

Eating ■ 4 years

Earning a living 9 years

Watching television ■ 10 years

Sleeping 20 years

Your activities in 168 hours

Hours per activity in a 7 day week

Sleep 56 hours

Meals 14 hours

Chores 5 hours

Exercise 5 hours

Transportation 5 hours

Work 15 hours

Family 5 hours

Classes 15 hours

Studying 30 hours

Total 150 hours

What’s problem with this person.

Know yourself

Document

yourself

Prepare position

Plus/ Minus

points

Know symptoms

and Habits

Identify areas of

time

management

and major time

wasters

Problems within

Problems

around

Determine Life Objectives and Set Goals and

Values

Eliminate time wasters avoid Procrastination

Improve / develop habits

Improve Skills and

Develop Leadership

Say NO to Unimportant

Regular self Assessment

ASSESSMENT

Planning

and Listing

Prioritizing

Scheduling/

Know prime time

Targeting

Do the right job

Do the job right

Team Building

Delegating

Accountability and

matching

Reviewing

Rewarding

Re-Thinking

ACTIONS

L

I

F

E

O

B

J

E

C

T

I

V

E

S

GOAL 1

Personal

GOAL 2

Career /

Economic

GOAL 3

Family

GOAL 4

Social

CHANGING

Why our efforts do not bring results. We have to identify reasons.