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    INDIAN RAILWAYS

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    INDIAN RAILWAYS A SUNRISE

    INDUSTRY

    Indian Railways, a super Navaratna.

    The Indian Railways (IR) is a truly great institution. It is a

    global giant that operates profitably, effectively and withrelatively little government support.

    MCKINSEY & COMPANY

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    Brief History

    Railways were first introduced to India in 1853.

    By the 1947 , the year of India's independence, there were forty

    two rail system. In the 1951 the system were nationalized as

    one unit.

    In 1986, the Ministry of Railways established the Centre for

    Railway Information System(CRIS).

    CRIS is responsible for designing ,developing and

    implementing all major computer systems for railways.

    In 1990, CRIS introduced CONCERT (Country-wide Network

    for Enhanced Reservation and Ticketing) to facilitate

    reservation system.

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    Main challenges of Indian

    Railways

    Provide a reservation system that efficiently serves

    more than half a million people each day.

    Ensure maximum uptime soreservation/ticketing/inquiry application is available

    24x7 .

    Create a Web site that can accommodate more thanone million hits per day.

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    CRIS :- CENTRE FOR RAILWAY INFORMATION

    SYSTEMS

    In 1982,Government decided to set up a Freight Operations

    Information Systems (FOIS) later in 1986,Ministry of Railways

    established the CENTRE FOR RAILWAY INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CRIS),

    Chanakya Puri, New Delhi - 21 to be an umbrella for all computer

    activities on Indian Railways (IR). They also entrusted it with the task

    of design, development and implementation of the FOIS, along with

    its associated communications infrastructure. The Centre started

    functioning from July,1987.It is an autonomous organization headed

    by Managing Director .CRIS is mainly a project oriented organizationengaged in development of major computer systems on the Railways.

    CRIS has acquired special knowledge and expertise in the field of

    informatics

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    Delhi PRS

    Mumbai PRS

    Chennai PRS

    kolkata PRS

    Secunderabad PRS

    64 KBPS (x2) Leased

    Line

    1 64 KBPS Leased Line6

    1 2MBPS Leased line

    64 KBPS Leased Line

    1 2MBPS Leased line

    64 KBPS (X 2) Leased

    Line

    64 KBPS Leased Line

    2 MBPS (x2) Leased Line

    CRIS

    1 64 KBPS Leased Line6

    1 2MBPS Leased line

    DATA BASE STRUCTURE OF

    PRS

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    CRIS: The needA separate organization was considered better suited to take up all

    computer activities on IR mainly for the following reasons :

    To avoid duplication of efforts by individual Railways.

    To ensure standardization of computer hardware and software on the

    Railways.

    To undertake design and development of major applications on

    Railways requiring higher levels of expertise, faster decision makingand system wide applicability.

    To insulate the organization from day to day working of the Railways

    so that its objectives are not lost sight of.

    Need for a combined effort of Railways and Computer Specialists,considered best suited for the development of the computer

    applications on Railways.

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    The Data warehouse captures information related to

    earnings, reservations, cancellations, waitlist, quota

    utilized etc for particular Train, Class, Booking Status

    Wise, Quota and Source Destination. The data arecleansed, transformed and loaded into Data

    warehouse structures. On the data warehouse, a front

    end application is designed which provides a standardset of reports and also tools for user to make queries

    and create reports.

    T t M t t t

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    T e a ove w e p t e Management to o t e o ow ng:

    Study the booking pattern of train.

    Change quota distribution to ensure maximum utilization.

    Change train frequency depending on traffic patterns so as to provide

    maximum revenue

    Helpful in deciding during which period additional coaches should be

    added or additional trains should be scheduled so as to meet the

    passenger demand and to maximize revenues.

    Can do trend analysis for planning future growth of Railways.

    Can do impact analysis i.e. increase a particular concession what will

    be the earning loss.

    It will enable Railways to tackle the competition posed by low cost

    traveling options offered by Airways and Roadways in the later

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    Data Warehouse Hardware and Software Environment

    Data Warehouse Application is divided into two parts front-end and

    back-end. Front-end is developed in ASP . At the backend there is

    Sybase IQ (as database), which is used to store information and deliver

    information to the front-end.

    Hardware Interfaces

    The configuration of Online Central Server (ia64 hp server rx2660) is as follows:

    2 Intel(R) Itanium 2 9100 series processors

    23.98 GB RAM

    12 MB cache/cpu

    10 FC disk (450 GB each)(EMC Box)

    4.5 TB Storage (EMC Box)

    Dual external storage connectivity

    DVD ROM drive

    The configuration of Offline Central Server (Sun V880R) is as follows:

    Two CPU SUN V880R Server

    8 GB RAM

    8 MB cache/cpu

    20/40 GB DAT drive

    2x73GB HDD

    2 TB Storage (EMC)Dual external storage connectivity

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    Data mining

    Process of semi-automatically analyzing largedatabases to find patterns that are:

    valid: hold on new data with some certainity

    novel: non-obvious to the system

    useful: should be possible to act on the item

    understandable: humans should be able to

    interpret the pattern Also known as Knowledge Discovery in

    Databases (KDD)

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    Railway managers (even the Railway Programmers) easily generate ad

    hoc queries.

    Application Database is segmented across multiple serversthroughout the country making it comfortable for the Railway users

    to find the data in the first place.

    Database Administrators enables ad-hoc querying of PRS OLTP

    systems, to prevent analytical users from running queries (e.g. how

    many passengers are booked for a given journey Day) as these slow

    down the performance of mission-critical PRS databases.