Presentation on Literature Review
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GROUP MEMBERS: INCREDIBLE SOULS
Leader 11338 11321 11315 11353 11316
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LITERATURE REVIEW
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THE WORKSHOP WILL COVER:
1- LITERATURE REVIEW.2- WHAT IS LITERATURE REVIEW 3- WHY LITERATURE REVIEW IS
IMPORTANT.4- SOURCES OF LITERATURE REVIEW.5- LITERATURE REVIEW 6- LITERATURE REVIEW HELPS.7- CONSTRUCTING LITERATURE
REVIEW.8- ORGANIZING LITERATURE REVIEW.9- LITERATURE REVIEW IN
RESEARCH APPROACHES.10-CRITICAL ANALYZING THE
LITERATURE.11- WRITING LITERATURE REVIEW.12- STRUCTURING LITERATURE
REVIEW.13-. QUICK VIEW14- REFERENCES
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“…A LITERATURE REVIEW SURVEYSSCHOLARLY ARTICLES, BOOKS AND OTHER
SOURCES […] RELEVANT TO APARTICULAR ISSUE, AREA OF
RESEARCH, OR THEORY,PROVIDING A DESCRIPTION,
SUMMARY, AND CRITICALEVALUATION OF EACH WORK.”
LITERATURE REVIEW
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WHAT IS LITERATURE REVIEW?
A discussion of your knowledge about the topic under study.
A discussion of your knowledge that is supported by the research literature.
A foundation for the study.
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WHY LITERATURE REVIEW IS IMPORTANT ?
• Literature review is the part of the paper where the researcher will be given the opportunity to strengthen your paper for you will be citing what other reliable authors have said about your topic. This will prove that you are not just writing about any random subject but that many others have also poured their thoughts on the topic.
• Literature review is also unique from the rest of the paper because you have to fill most of the paper with your own analysis.
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SOURCES OF LITERATURE REVIEW
A- Primary sources/Grey literature.
Published sources(Such as reports)
Govt publications(Such as planning documents)
Unpublished manuscripts(Such as letters, memos & committee minutes)
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LITERATURE REVIEWS Abstract
the author’s description of the study
related to your area of interest?
conclusions relevant? Statement of the
Problemrestate the topicproblem stated
clearly?purpose?significance?
Hypothesis or Research Question(s)Clearly stated?Relevant?Related to your
area of interest? Assumptions
open assumptions?hidden
assumptions
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LITERATURE REVIEWDelimitations
How was the study narrowed?
Which considerations are relevant to your study?
DefinitionsKey concepts &
terms?
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Methodresearch design?population &
sample?measurement?procedures?
Findingsmake sense?what do they say
about your area of interest
DiscussionMeaningful
interpretations?Implications
discussed?Suggestions or
recommendations?Limits to practical
application?Conclusion
What did you learn?Re-state your new
knowledge
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LITERATURE REVIEWS HELP
Get ideas Get an overview (learn) Get a feeling for what's doable, what's meaningful. Better understand your research project
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CONSTRUCTING A LITERATURE REVIEW
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ORGANIZING THE LITERATURE SEARCH:THE TREE DIAGRAM
Topic
subtopic
subtopic
subtopic
subtopic
subtopic
subtopic
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TREE DIAGRAM EXAMPLE
Home visits
Academicachievement
Homeworkassistance
Home-school communication
Parentinvolvement
volunteerism
barriers
Teachers’ beliefs
Involvement indecision making
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LITERATURE REVIEW IN RESEARCH APPROACHES
Firstly identify the topic describe the topic in in a few words or in a short phrase because topic becomes the central idea to learn about or explore in a study.
In qualitative research use the literature inductively in the beginning as part of introduction as it frame the problems,, in the beginning as a separate section, and using it at the end of a study to compare & contrast with the findings of the current study.
In quantitative study use the literature deductively as a framework for advancing questions and hypothesis. A separate section on the “review of the literature” is used to introduce the study or at the end of study. Where as Cooper recommended it as theoretical review in which researchers focuses on extent theory that relates to the problem . And appears in journal articles and than suggested it as methodological review in which the researcher focuses on methods and definitions.
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LITERATURE REVIEW IN RESEARCH APPROACHES
In a mix method approach researcher uses either a qualitative or a quantitative approach. Where as it can be both at
beginning or at the end.
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CRITICALLY ANALYZING THE LITERATURE
Analysis is breaking down something into parts.There are two types of analysis:1- Systematic Analysis.2- Arguments Analysis.
Systematic Analysis: It is a kind of analysis in which we systematically evaluate the literature on the basis of key ideas, theories, concepts and methodological assumptions and the overall structure and format of the research.
Arguments Analysis: If a range of arguments are being analysed you will need to explain the claim, data and warrant for each argument . In this way the identification of the individual and similar elements in a range of items can be compared and contrasted.
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ARGUMENTS ANALYSIS:
There are many ways to analyses arguments but here just two are discussed:1- Toulmin’s method of argumentation analysis.2- Fisher’s method of critical reading.
Toulmin’s method of argumentation analysis:Toulmin proposes that an argument can be broken up into number of basic elements like:
• Claim an arguable statement• Evidence Data used to support the claim• Warrant (or permit) an expectation that provides the link
between the evidence and claim.• Backing Context & assumption used to support
the validity or the warrant and evidence.
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FOR EXAMPLE
Data
Car washes can use
up to 250,000
Gallons of water in
the main summer
weeks. Warrant
Since
Water is essential and people should not wasted it in times of shortage
Backing
Because
Water should cause inconvenience
are a danger to people & can be
costly to consumers.
Claim
Car owners should restrict washing their cars in areas of the country where there is a water shortage
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FISHER’S METHOD OF CRITICAL READING.
Fisher provides a method for a systematic reading of texts. Through which reader can extract words (Thus and therefore) of any argument for the purpose of evaluation. Words that are used to structure an argument are the focus for the analysis . Words
(Thus and therefore) are highlighted because they are used to link evidence with claims and suggest inference, reasons and
conclusions.
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WRITING THE LITERATURE REVIEW
Always begin with an introduction to the review & end with a summary
Make the connection for the reader between the subtopics & the topic
Use direct quotations infrequently
Always cite your sources
Present your knowledge on the topics & subtopics
Summarize each subtopic
Include a transition paragraph from one subtopic to the next
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STRUCTURING THE LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Review on independent
variable
Review on dependent variable
Review on the relationship of independent & dependent
variables
Summary
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QUICK VIEW
Begin with a search of the available literature. Critically analyze each article (study) you select. Organize the review with an outline Write the review. Summarize the review. Using the literature, present a rationale for your study.
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REFERENCES
(http://library.ucsc.edu/ref/howto/literaturereview.html)
Adopted from “Doing Literature Review” by Chris Hart
Adopted from “Research Methods for business Students” by mark Saunders
Adopted from Research Design by John W. Creswell.
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THANK YOU