Presentation on Industrial Water Circulation System

7/29/2019 Presentation on Industrial Water Circulation System

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Cooling Water SystemFSPD HYDRO ENGG. DEPARTMENT


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Water requirement in industries

Water is one of the important utilities for most of theindustrial activities.

Water is required for the following purposes

Equipment cooling

Process

Service/flushing

Drinking

Fire Fighting FSPD HYDRO


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Why cooling water system

All heat generated in the process and equipments cannot be

converted into work. A large portion of it has to be rejected.

The heat rejection is done through cooling water system

Heat is rejected to atmosphere by evaporating a portion of

cooling water in the cooling tower

Fresh water will be added to the system to compensate the

losses due to evaporation in the system.

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Coolingwater

The term cooling water is applied where water is

circulated through equipment to absorb and carry

away the heat. This definition includes:-

Industrial heat exchange operations,

Air conditioning and refrigeration system,

Engine jacket cooling systems including power plants.

In the cooling process, temperature of the cooling

water is raised, depending on the cooling water flow.FSPD HYDRO


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Cooling water systems

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Once-Through System

In this system, water passes through the equipment only once

and the warm water is usually discharged to its original source

from which it is drawn.

RIVER FLOW

APPLICATION

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Once-Through System

Advantages System is very simple

During cooling, water does not evaporate hence the cold and warmed watercharacteristics does not change.

System has less potential for scale formation and corrosion

Cooling towers, Hot water sump, etc. can be avoided in this system.

Disadvantages

Plant should be located near to the water body

Discharging the warmed water to the water body raises the temperature,affecting the aquatic life and increasing the stringent restrictions on thermaldischarge

Contamination of large amount of water which cannot be treated efficiently oreconomically. FSPD HYDRO


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Need for Change

High competition in water demand.

Scarcity of clean water.

High cost of water.

Increasing awareness towards water pollution

Introduction of statutory regulations for waste discharge.

Research & Development of water chemistry and Water

treatment technology. FSPD HYDRO


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Recirculating cooling water system

In this system, same water is recirculated repeatedly aftercooling in the cooling tower

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Non Contact Open Circuit Cooling System

COLD WATERSUMP

MAKE-UP

CONSUMER

HOT WATER

SUMP

COOLINGTOWER

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Non Contact Open Circuit Cooling System

In this system water is circulated through

the equipment or heat exchangers to a

cooling tower and then returned to theequipment or heat exchanger.

The recirulating water is always in contactwith air/atmosphere in a cooling tower

where evaporation takes place. As a resultFSPD HYDRO


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Contact Open Circuit Cooling System

SUMPMAKE-UP

CONSUMER

TREATMENTFACILITIES

COOLINGTOWER

EOHT

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Contact Open Circuit Cooling System

In this system the cooling water is sprayed on the

equipment/ product being cooled and it is in direct

contact with the equipment/product as well as

atmospheric air for heat rejection

Further cooling water will be treated to the quality to

suit the equipment requirement and recirculated.

Examples

Blast furnace gas cleaning system

BOF Gas Cleaning systemFSPD HYDRO


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Closed Circuit Cooling System

COLD WATERSUMP

MAKE-UP

CONSUMER

COOLINGTOWER

OVERHEADTANK

SOFT/DMWATER PLANT

MAKE-UP

CHEMICALDOSING

HEATEXCHANGER

SOFT/DMWATER SUMP

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Closed circuit recirculation system

Primary circuit

Cooling water in a closed recirculation system remains completely

confined within the entire system including pipes heat exchangers.

Secondary circuit The heat absorbed by the primary circuit fluid is transferred to

secondary circuit water in the heat exchangers. The secondary water is

recirculated in the cooling tower where heat is rejected by evaporation

of the secondary water.

Examples

Blast Furnace Shell Cooling system

BOF gas cooling system. FSPD HYDRO


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Emergency water system

Any steel plant or other process plant is always susceptible

for various types of emergency.

Facilities provided for tackling emergency situations are:-

Emergency Over Head Tank

Diesel Pumps

Generally, emergency water is supplied for a duration 15-20

mins at 30-40 % of the normal water circulation flow rate.

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Cooling Water Treatment

Both open and closed recirculation cooling water systemexperience all sorts of problems associated with cooling

water like scale formation, corrosion, and micro

biological fouling (only in open cooling system).

The cooling water is treated with various types of

chemical in order avoid above problems and to protect

heat transfer efficiency of the system

Chlorine is one of the common Biocides used to control

biological fouling.

For prevention of scale formation and corrosion of the

material scale inhibitors like sul huric acid sodiumFSPD HYDRO


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Major activities in detail engg. of water circulation system

Assignment from various technologists section indicating the

water requirement(industrial water, soft water, DM water)

including pressure and temperature etc.

Based on the above water balance diagram will be prepared

indicating inflow & out flow , losses in system and fresh water

requirement as make up water.

Fixing up capacity of pumps, heat exchangers, cooling towers,

filtration system, soft water/DM plant etc.

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Major activities in detail engg. of water circulation system

Preparation of layout drawings after fixing size of the pump house,

cooling tower and other units.

Issue of procurement specification for various equipment.

Issue of assignments to various section for planning their facilities forwater circulation system.

Finalising the layout after receiving the input from the other sections

like size of the buildings for electrical, instrumentation, ventilation,

etc.

Issue of assignments for civil and structural buildings as per the

finalised layout

Preparation of piping detail engineering drawings for execution at site.

FSPD HYDRO

Presentation on Industrial Water Circulation System

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