Presentation on cough cold & flu
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Transcript of Presentation on cough cold & flu
Beating the winter blues
A presentation on Coughs, Colds and the Flu
PRESENTED BY : MUHAMMAD KAMRAN
(PRESTON UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD)
E-Mail: [email protected]
CONTENTSRESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONSINTRODUCTIONEPIDEMIOLOGYCOUGH Objectives Definition Mechanisms Classification TreatmentCOMMON COLD Mode of transmition Causes SymptomsFLU Causes & Symptoms Treatments Preventions
Respiratory tract infections
Based on the parts of infection respiratory tract infections are classified into two types
Upper respiratory tract infections Common cold Cough Flu Tonsillitis Pharyngitis Laryngitis Sinusitis Hey fever
Lower respiratory tract infections Bronchitis Pneumonia Influenza
INTRODUCTION Cough cold & Flu are common infections of upper respiratory tract. that can be
caused by over 200 different viruses Cough cold & Flu are the most common illnesses. cold is a mild viral infection of the nose, throat, sinuses and upper airways. It can cause a blocked nose followed by a runny nose, sneezing, a sore throat
and a cough. Each year, there are more than a billion cases of the Cough cold & Flu in the
United States, according to the National Institutes of Health. The effects of a cold can vary between individuals and the specific type of virus
causing the infection.
EPIDEMIOLOGY There are no major gender or ethnicity differences in incidence. Most infections occur in the winter period. A 2000 US study found that 23.6% of adults had experienced a cold in 4 weeks. Children get 6 to 8 colds per year. Adults get 4 to 6 colds per year.
COUGH
DEFINITIONCough is the body’s way of removing foreign material or mucus from the lungs and upper airway passage.A cough is a symptom not a disease.
Objectives Understand the function and physiological mechanisms of cough. Classify cough according to its duration. Know the most common causes of acute cough in adults. Know the symptoms, signs, and empiric treatment for the 4 most
common causes of chronic cough in adults. The shearing forces that develop aid in the elimination of mucus and foreign
materials
MECHANISM
Vocal cords and epiglottis suddenly open widely, air is expelled at velocities ranging from 75 to 100 miles/hr
Internal intercostal muscles also contract forcefully
Abdominal muscles contract forcefully, pushing against the diaphragm
Epiglottis closes, vocal cords shut tightly to entrap the air within the lung
About 2.5 L of air is inspired
CLASSIFICATION OF COUGH
COUGH
Acute
Dry
Pneumonia
Asthma
Cold/Flu
Irritant
AllergenChesty
Cold/Flu
Sub chronic Asthma
Chronic
Dry
Medicine
Allergy
Reflux
Chesty
Infection
Asthma
Acute Cough: < 3 Weeks Duration
Symptoms:Breathlessness Fever Chest Pain Weight Loss
Sub acute Cough: 3 - 8 Weeks DurationPost infectious A cough that begins with an cute respiratory tract infection and is not complicated * by pneumonia
• Resolve without treatment• Cause: • PND or tracheobronchitis• Sinusitis• Asthma
Chronic Cough: > 8 Weeks Duration• ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS Fever Pneumonia Headache UACS (Upper Airway Cough Syndrome) Asthma Cough is either productive or non productive
PRODUCTIVE ( Produce Mucus) NON PRODUCTIVE (Dry and does not produce mucus)
What can we do?
Cough: What’s it good for?• Attract attention• Signal displeasure• Protect the airway from pathogens, particulates, food, other foreign bodies• Clear the airways of accumulated secretions, particles
Cough
For a persistent cough, try menthol and certain herbal cough drops or hard candy to soothe the irritation.
TREATMENT
Coughs can be treated in a variety of ways, depending on the cause of the cough. For most healthy adults, most treatments
will involve self-care.
Self-TreatmentA cough that is cased by virus cannot be treated with antibiotics. You can, however, soothe it in the following ways:
- Use decongestant sprays to unblock the nose and ease breathing - Elevate your head with extra pillows when sleeping- Use cough drops to soothe the throat- Avoid irritations, including smoke and dust-Gargle hot saltwater regularly to remove mucus and soothe the throat- Keep hydrated by drinking plenty of water- Add honey or ginger to hot tea to relieve the cough and clear the airway
What do we give to treat a chesty cough?
What do we give to treat a dry cough?
Adults:10mL every 8 hours. Maximum of 3 doses in 24 hours.
Children:(Over 12) 10mL every 8 hours. Maximum of 3 doses in 24 hours.
(6-12 years) 5mL every 8 hours. Maximum of 3 doses in 24 hours.
(6 and under) Not recommended.
Adults:10mL every 6-8 hours. Maximum of 4 doses in 24 hours.
Children:(Over 12) 10mL every 6-8 hours. Maximum of 4 doses in 24 hours.
(6-12 years) 5mL every 8 hours. Maximum of 4 doses in 24 hours.
(6 and under) Not recommended.
AntihisMedications used to treat cough may include:tamines and decongesta:
These drugs are standard treatment for allergies and postnasal .
Inhaled asthma drugs:
The most effective treatments for asthma-related cough are inhaled medications that reduce inflammation and widen the airways.
Antibiotics:
If a bacterial infection is causing the cough, antibiotics will be prescribed.
Acid blockers:.
Cough suppressants:
If the reason for your cough can't be determined, the doctor may prescribe a cough suppressant, especially if the cough is interfering with your
sleep. How to Treat a Cough From Cold or Flu You can’t cure colds or the flu, but you can relieve the cough and sore throat that sometimes comes with them. Use cough drops or hard candy Try a teaspoon of honey Hydrate. Sipping on drinks will keep your throat moist and comfortable. Heat up that drink. Sip some warm tea or chicken soup to heat up your airways Use cough medicine. Sometimes you need to cough to get out nasty mucus
Breathe in steam. If a raw, dry throat is making you coughWhen lifestyle changes don't take care of acid reflux, patient may be treated with medications that block acid production. Some people need surgery to resolve the problem, moisture may help Avoid dirty air. You know smoke isn’t good for you, but it’s especially bad when you're sick Rest. If you want to get rid of your cold and cough, you need to take it easy Try a nasal spray or rinse. Some throat sprays or rinses have a drug that helps soothe and numb the throat Eat a frozen treat. Want to cool down a flaming sore throat
Cold & Flu
Is that sneezy, stuffed up and general overall achy feeling
the flu or the common cold?
DEFINITIONS
A cold is the most common disease in the world. It is a contagious viral infection of the upper respiratory passages including the nose, throat, and sinuses. A cold can also affect the ears and lungs.
Flu is also a contagious viral infection. It affects the nose, throat, and lungs. Flu outbreaks occur in the late fall and winter with varying degrees of severity. The disease often spreads through communities creating an epidemic.
Both the cold and flu are caused by viruses. These viruses are highly infective and are passed on though direct contact with nasal secretion from infected people or objects, as well as airborne saliva droplets.
Did you know, that with each cough, about 1.5L of air is expelled – and flying in that air, is over 3000 saliva droplets travelling at the speed of about 80km/h?
If you thought that was gross, get this – when someone sneezes… there is as many as 40,000 droplets of saliva, some of which can fly across a room at speeds exceeding 320km/h.
The common cold may be caused by more than
100 different viruses.
Mode of transmission
Very contagious Spread from person to person Usually from nasal secretions and from fingers of the
affected person Most contagious in the first 3 days after symptoms begin Viruses can last up to 5 hours on the skin and hard surfaces. Associated with a number of viruses
Ex. Rhinoviruses, parainfluenza viruses
Causes of Cold & Flu
•Nasal deformities (a shift in the nasal cavity)
•Nasal polyps(small growths in the lining of the nose)
•Bacterial or Viral Infections
•Environmental Factors
•Allergies •Pollutants
Symptoms of Cold & Flu Cold symptoms appear 2 to 3 days after infection, and last anywhere from 7 o to 14 days. Some of the most common cold symptoms are
Nasal congestion Fever & Fatigue
Headache Common cold viruses or
the flu Facial tenderness
Pressure or pain in
the sinuses Dental pain Sore throat and
cough Runny nose Blocked nose Sneezing Coughing High fever Hoarse voice
HOW TO KEEP AWAY FROM COLD & FLU
Runny or Stuffy Nose
The best way to handle a runny nose is to remove the fluid. Blowing your nose is a quick fix, but a nasal irrigation product, such as a neti pot, may also bring you some relief.
Headaches
Antihistamines or decongestants may help relieve the pressure from inflamed nasal passages.
Sore Throat
A teaspoon of honey added to a warm beverage, such as tea, is a traditional home remedy that may relieve the throat.
Fatigue
Your immune system is busy fighting off the infection so you don’t have much energy for anything else. Take it easy and relax — extra sleep can do wonders.
Drink a lot of water
Eat Well
Don't smoke
Exercise well & Keep in good physical shapeWash Your Hands
Regularly
Sleep Well
How to keep away from cold & flu
Treatment of cold & Flu Antihistamines Decongestants Pain Relievers Cough suppressants Nasal Strips Antibiotics are ineffective!!!
When do I see the doctor?See your doctor if you have:Temperature over 101 degrees for more than 48 hoursA cough with pain in the chestShortness of breathPersistent sore throat, without a runny or stuffy nose
Consult doctor if…Your throat is very red and it hurts to swallow No improvement within 7 daysSevere headache with a fever Worsening pain in one or both ears Any chronic medical condition
Ex. Asthma or diabetes
What do we give someone with a cold or the flu?
Adults:Dry/sore throat:• Strepsils Honey and Lemon
Lozenges• Strepsils Plus Anaesthetic Throat
SprayRunny nose:• Razene 10mg tabletsBlocked nose:• Sudafed PE rangeHeadache and fever:• Panadol• Neuromol
Children:Dry/sore throat:• Strepsils Children 6+Runny nose:• HistaclearBlocked nose:• (Over 12 years) Sudafed PE
range Headache and fever:• Panadol
Is there anything else we can give?
•Vitamins and supplements• Vitamin C• Echinacea• Selenium• Herbal teas etc.
•Beanies, scarves, gloves, etc.•Wheat packs
Foods to take in Cough & Cold Foods to avoid in Cough & Cold
Natural Remedy for Cough Cold & Flu
Garlic Juice Reduce swelling & inflammation Fight the free radicals Anti-oxidant and Anti-aging agent Cleans toxins out of the body
Ginger Juice Effective antimicrobial Prevents our blood vessels blockage Strengthens the immune system Fight chest infections, coughs & congestion
Natural Remedy Cough Cold & Flu
Lemon Juice Promote immunity Fight infection Strong antibacterial, antiviral Fight infection
Honey Clears Mucus from Nose and
throat Nutrition rich natural sweetener Digest Heaviest Meal & heals
stomach ulcers.
Natural Remedy for Cough, Cold & Cold
Apple Cider Vinegar with Mother
Treats Allergies Counteract the build-up of
lactic acid Eliminate tiredness
Turmeric Juice•Anti-inflammatory agent•Anti-bacterial and anti-viral action•Relieving the chest congestion•Fight Cancer Cells
So, Coughs, Colds, The Flu? Being Cold? What’s The Deal?
Coughs are protective Stop further entry of viruses Bodies way of trying to remove infection
Runny noses are also protective Extra layer to trap particles But can cause post nasal drip
More coughing! Also caused by extra cold temperatures
Cold and dry air are also irritants
Prevention GOOD HANDWASHING! Cough and sneeze into arm or tissue, not into your hand Aerosol sprays (ex. Lysol) Antibacterial sanitizers (ex. Purell)
TAKE CAREHAVE A NICE
DAY