PUKHTUNWALI PUKHTUNWALI (Pushtunwali)(Pushtunwali)

BYBYABASEEN YOUSAFZAIABASEEN YOUSAFZAIChairman Department of PushtoChairman Department of Pushto

Islamia college university PeshawarIslamia college university Peshawar

CONTENTSCONTENTS

• Characteristics / MannersCharacteristics / Manners

• Customs / ValuesCustoms / Values

• Rules and RegulationsRules and Regulations

CHARACTERISTICS / MANNERSCHARACTERISTICS / MANNERS

Pat o Izat:Pat o Izat: Respect the friendship, avoid Respect the friendship, avoid disgracing other.disgracing other.

Khegarra:Khegarra: Helping the needy.Helping the needy. Tura o merrana:Tura o merrana: Bravery in the field of war.Bravery in the field of war. Lauz:Lauz: Keep promises and keep his words.Keep promises and keep his words. Nung o Ghairat:Nung o Ghairat: Self respect / Protection of Self respect / Protection of

self respect and his family, property, religion, self respect and his family, property, religion, country, etccountry, etc

CHARACTERISTICS / MANNERSCHARACTERISTICS / MANNERS

Insaf:Insaf: Blind justice Blind justice Sakhawat:Sakhawat: Generosity; To be generous to others even Generosity; To be generous to others even

if one has to suffer.if one has to suffer. Sharm o Haya:Sharm o Haya: Modesty; a Modesty; avoid disgracing others void disgracing others

and own self.and own self. Amanat:Amanat: To ensure safety what ever is being kept in To ensure safety what ever is being kept in

their custody, e.g. Ajab khan.their custody, e.g. Ajab khan. Salah mashwarah:Salah mashwarah: Mutual consultation / Inclusive Mutual consultation / Inclusive

approach towards resolving any issue or dispute.approach towards resolving any issue or dispute.

CUSTOMS / VALUESCUSTOMS / VALUES

JirgaJirga: : Elder’s council /Elder’s council / Parliament. Parliament. MarakaMaraka: : Investigational committee.Investigational committee. Nanawatey:Nanawatey: Reconciliation / Peace Reconciliation / Peace

delegation. delegation. TegaTega:: Truce / Cease fire. Truce / Cease fire. Rogha JorraRogha Jorra: : Patch up (conditional / Patch up (conditional /

non conditional).non conditional).

CUSTOMS / VALUESCUSTOMS / VALUES

Panah:Panah: Taking refuge or shelter / Taking refuge or shelter / Guarding / Protection / Safety for Guarding / Protection / Safety for every one even if sought by enemies.every one even if sought by enemies.

Nang warwrral:Nang warwrral: To help the victim To help the victim on his request or self action.on his request or self action.

Da Khazo dranawayDa Khazo dranaway:: Women Women Respect / Rights, specially in war / Respect / Rights, specially in war / enmity.enmity.

RULES AND REGULATIONSRULES AND REGULATIONS Hujra:Hujra: Community center. Community center. Badraga:Badraga: Escort / Guard / Convoy. Escort / Guard / Convoy. Badal:Badal: Revenge. Revenge. Baramta and Botha:Baramta and Botha: Taking possession of Taking possession of

property or person (not women) of a defaulting property or person (not women) of a defaulting party.party.

Darra:Darra: Gorilla war / Proxy war waged against a Gorilla war / Proxy war waged against a powerful enemy.powerful enemy.

NaghaNagha:: Penalty on disobeying norms, rules and Penalty on disobeying norms, rules and regulations.regulations.

Bundez:Bundez: Stay order Stay order Chagha:Chagha: Siren / cry for help / war cry. Siren / cry for help / war cry. Yerghamal:Yerghamal: Swapping Transfer of men between Swapping Transfer of men between

two opponent / rivals for the process of peace and two opponent / rivals for the process of peace and friendship.friendship.

RULES AND REGULATIONSRULES AND REGULATIONS Mla tarr:Mla tarr: Collective unity against powerful Collective unity against powerful

enemy .enemy . Peghore:Peghore: Taunting. Taunting. Kwandtun:Kwandtun: Widowhood. Widowhood. Ashar:Ashar: Task performed by a group of Task performed by a group of

volunteer as relief for community member.volunteer as relief for community member. Tolaana:Tolaana: Charity / subscription. Charity / subscription. Da Mashar manena:Da Mashar manena: Recognizing elder’s Recognizing elder’s

wisdom / Seeking their advice / Behaving wisdom / Seeking their advice / Behaving properly in their presence.properly in their presence.

Akhter:Akhter: Holy festivals / Eid. Holy festivals / Eid. Khpalwee:Khpalwee: Relationship / Kinship (Own Relationship / Kinship (Own

race)race)

RULES AND REGULATIONSRULES AND REGULATIONS

Bara garra:Bara garra: The act of clasping another The act of clasping another man in the arms (as in greeting or man in the arms (as in greeting or affection), While aged women kisses the affection), While aged women kisses the young girls on the forehead.young girls on the forehead.

Jaama:Jaama: Dress (shalwar Qameez, Chader / Dress (shalwar Qameez, Chader / shawl, Turban or White cap, vest coat and shawl, Turban or White cap, vest coat and chaplees.chaplees.

Dala tapala:Dala tapala: Political lobbying / Coalition. Political lobbying / Coalition. Saugand:Saugand: Oath, To take on oath to swear. Oath, To take on oath to swear. Lobey:Lobey: Sports and games. Sports and games. Da zoi khushali:Da zoi khushali: Celeberation on son’s Celeberation on son’s

birth.birth.

RULES AND REGULATIONSRULES AND REGULATIONS Da ranzor pokhtena:Da ranzor pokhtena: Inquiring and looking after Inquiring and looking after

patients.patients. Lass neva:Lass neva: Condolence. Condolence. Melmastya:Melmastya: Hospitality to serve guest also Hospitality to serve guest also

extended on the occasion of wedding and death.extended on the occasion of wedding and death. Adera:Adera: Every Pukhtun wills at the time of death Every Pukhtun wills at the time of death

to be buried at his ancestral grave yard.to be buried at his ancestral grave yard. Merass:Merass: Inheritance. Inheritance. Stana daar:Stana daar: Respect of holy places, families and Respect of holy places, families and

saints. saints. Uba khwer:Uba khwer: Irrigation system. Irrigation system. Da laarey thug:Da laarey thug: Women follow men on their way Women follow men on their way

/ younger follows up the elders./ younger follows up the elders.

RULES AND REGULATIONSRULES AND REGULATIONS

Saza Saza (Punishment):(Punishment): Swara, Khun baha, Swara, Khun baha, sharrontya and Social boycott.sharrontya and Social boycott.

Da zina saza:Da zina saza: Death sentence for the Death sentence for the accused of adultery to serve as a lesson for accused of adultery to serve as a lesson for others or taking round in the village on others or taking round in the village on back of donkey with black face and bald back of donkey with black face and bald head in case of women if found guilty.head in case of women if found guilty.

Tang takor:Tang takor: Musical concert (Sitar / Rabab Musical concert (Sitar / Rabab mangey, damama), Dance (Atanrr, Balbula, mangey, damama), Dance (Atanrr, Balbula, etc).etc).

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

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